2026年浙江省中考英语二轮复习语法专项突破课件:介词
2026-01-23
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内容正文:
介 词
1
语法聚焦
2
【教材链接】
七年级上册Unit 4及语法附属页P91-92;七年级下册Unit 8及语法附属页P115-118;
九年级全一册Unit 1。
【2026年浙江中考考向预测】
浙江中考每年必考介词,在完形填空、词汇运用和语法填空中出现。预测2026年浙江中考仍然延续以往风格:完形填空中主要结合语境,考查介词辨析;词汇运用和语法填空中主要考查介词和其他词类的固定搭配。
语法聚焦
1.in,on和at
in 强调时间段,常用在世纪、年份、季节、月份或泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上前 如:in the 21st century在21世纪; in 2019 在2019年;
in spring 在春天; in March 在三月; in the morning 在上午
考点透视
4
on 用在具体的某一天(的上午、下午或晚上),也可用于星期几或节日前 如:on New Year’s Day 在元旦; on Monday 在星期一;
on a cold winter morning 在一个寒冷的冬天早晨
at 表示时间点,常用于具体的时刻、年龄或重大节日前,也可用于固定搭配中 如:at six o’clock 在6点钟; at noon/night 在正午/晚上;
at the age of five 在五岁时; at Christmas 在圣诞节期间
考点透视
【注意】节日前可用on和at,不用in。
1.如果指的是整个节日庆祝的那几天就用at,如果特指节日的某一天,就用on。如:at Christmas 在圣诞节期间,on Christmas Day 在圣诞节那天,on Christmas Eve 在圣诞前夕。
2.节日若是Festival一般用at,若是Day一般用on。如:at the Spring Festival在春节期间,on Children’s Day在儿童节那天。
考点透视
2.in和after(表示“在……以后”)
in 以现在为起点,“in+时间段”常用于将来时态的句子中 如:I will go to Beijing in three days. 我三天后将会去北京。
after 以过去为起点,“after+时间
段”常用于过去时态的句子中 如:Tom left here after three days. 三天后汤姆离开了这里。
以现在为起点,“after+时间
点”常用于将来时态的句子中 如:Bob will go to Beijing after five o’clock.
鲍勃会在五点钟后去北京。
考点透视
3.for和since
for “for+时间段”表示“多长时间”,指动作延续贯穿整个过程,常与现在完成时连用 如:I have lived in Wenzhou for more than twenty years.
我在温州住了二十多年了。
since “since+时间点”表示“自从……以来”,常与现在完成时连用 如:He has been a teacher in No.13 Middle School since 2001.
他从2001年起就一直是第十三中学的一名教师。
考点透视
4.before和by
before “在……之前” 如:Wash your hands before dinner. 饭前要洗手。
by “by+时间点”,表示
“到……为止” 如:The work will be finished by tomorrow.
这项工作将于明天完成。
“by+现在的时间点”,谓语动词用现在完成时 如:We have learned 3,000 words by now.
到现在为止我们已经学了3000个单词。
考点透视
5.其他时间介词
during “during+时间段”,表示“在……期间” 如:He learned to swim during the summer vacation.
他暑假学了游泳。
from 表示开始的时间,谓语动词可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态 如:The meeting will be held from eight to ten.
这个会议将从8点开到10点。
考点透视
until/till 用于否定句中,表示“直到……才”,谓语动词多用非延续性动词 如:He didn’t go home until 11 p.m. 直到晚上十一点他才回家。
用于肯定句中,表示“直到……为止”,谓语动词必须用延续性动词 如:We must work here until/till 10 o’clock.
我们必须在这里工作到十点。
考点透视
1.The new city park has started to be built and it will be open ________________(in/for) five years.
【解析】five years为时间段,且后半句的时态为一般将来时。“in+时间段”常用于将来时态中。故填入in。
【归纳总结】“in+时间段”表示“在……以后”,一般用于将来时;“for+时间段”一般用于现在完成时,表示主句的动作持续多长时间。
考点透视
2.The earthquake happened _________(on/in) a cold morning.
【解析】当morning,afternoon或evening前有形容词修饰时,其前用介词on。故填入on。
【归纳总结】表示星期几,具体某一天(的上午、下午、晚上),或表示在节日那一天,都用介词on。
考点透视
1.用适当的时间介词填空。
(1)We’ll have a class meeting __________ 3:00 this afternoon. Please be there on time.
(2)Modern tennis appeared ____________ the 1870s.
(3)My brother was a junior high school student ____________ 2022 to 2025.
(4)____________ the time they got on the bus to return home,Mary was very tired. [2025·福建改编]
(5)The house looked like it could fall apart at any second — all because the man put everything off _________ “tomorrow”. [2025·四川眉山改编]
at
in
from
By
till/until
考点透视
2.
(1)____________ his lifetime,Wu painted more than 300 amazing murals (壁画). [2025·河南改编]
(2)Xizang opened its first flight to Hong Kong ____________ February 19th,2025. [2025·四川成都改编]
(3)Up to 200 kinds of frogs have died out ________ the 1970s.
(4)The best things ____________ life are free,like hugs,smiles,love and good memories. [2025·江苏扬州改编]
(5)The longer the train stood,the more people got angry. Finally we heard “Sorry to announce we are going to be here ____________ a long time.” [2025·山西改编]
for since on during in
During
on
since
in
for
考点透视
1.at,in,on和to
at 表示“在(小地方)”或“在……附近,旁边”(即: ) 如:at the door 在门口; at the airport 在机场;
at the station 在车站
in 表示“在(大地方)”或“在……里面”(即: ) 如:in China 在中国; in the desk 在课桌里面
表示A地属于B地(即: ) 如:Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.
台湾在中国的东南部。(台湾是中国的一部分)
考点透视
on 表示“在……(的平面)上
面”(即: ) 如:on the table 在桌子上; on the wall在墙上
表示A地位于B地的外面且接壤(即: ) 如:Hunan Province lies on the west of Jiangxi Province.
湖南省在江西省西边。(湖南省同江西省接壤)
考点透视
to 表示“到……(目的地)” 如:This road leads to London. 这条路通向伦敦。
表示“在……范围之外”,即
A、B两地不接壤(即: ) 如:Japan lies to the east of China.
日本位于中国东边。(日本和中国不接壤)
考点透视
2.over,under,on,above,below,up和down(表示“上下”)
over “在……正上方” 如:The helicopter is staying over our heads.
那架直升机就在我们头顶上方。
under “在……正下方”,与over相对 如:There is a man under the tree.
树下有一个男人。
考点透视
on “在……上”,指与物体表面接触 如:There is a book on the desk.
课桌上有一本书。
above “在……上
方”,两者不接触,不一定垂直 如:Jim lifted his hands above his head.
吉姆双手举过头顶。
考点透视
below “在……下方”,两者不接触,不一定垂直,与above相对 如:Please do not write below this line.
请不要写到这条线下面。
up “向上,在
(较高位置)” 如:The little boy climbed up the tree easily.
这个小男孩毫不费力地爬上了树。
考点透视
down “(从高处)向下,往下”,与up相对 如:The stone rolled down the hill.
石头滚下山坡。
考点透视
3.in front of,in the front of,at the back of和behind(表示“前后”)
in front
of “在……前面”,强调在某一物体外部或某人的前面 如:There’s a bus stop in front of the house.
房子前面有一个公共汽车站。
考点透视
in the
front of “在……前面”,强调在某一物体内部的前面 如:I prefer to sit in the front of the car.
我喜欢坐在轿车的前座。
at the
back of “在……后面”,强调在物体内部的后面 如:She is cleaning the blackboard at the back of the classroom. 她正在清理教室后面的黑板。
考点透视
behind “在……后面”,强调在某一物体外部或人的后面 如:The sun disappeared behind the clouds.
太阳消失在云层里。
考点透视
4.near,beside和next to(表示“旁边”)
near 在……附近 如:I live near the park. 我住在公园附近。
beside 在……旁边 如:The hotel is beside the river. 那家宾馆在河边。
next to 紧靠着…… 如:She sat down next to her husband on the sofa. 她紧挨着她的丈夫在沙发上坐下了。
考点透视
5.through,across,past和along(表示“通过”)
through 表示动作是在某一空间内进行 如:The hunter walked through the forest. 猎人穿过了森林。
across 表示动作是在某一物体的表面进行 如:The boy ran across the street. 这个男孩跑着穿过了街道。
past 表示从物体旁边经过 如:We walked past the hospital. 我们从医院旁边走过。
along 表示动作是沿着一条线平行进行 如:They walked slowly along the road. 他们沿着公路慢慢走。
考点透视
6.between和among(表示“在……之间”)
between 表示在两个人或两个事物之间 如:I am sitting between my parents. 我正坐在我父母中间。
among 表示在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间 如:His house is hidden among the trees. 他的房子隐藏在树林之中。
考点透视
1.The sunlight shines into my room __________ (across/ through/past) the windows.
【解析】句意:阳光透过窗户照进我的房间。through表示“从……一端至另一端;穿过;贯穿(物体内部)”。故填入through。
【归纳总结】through表示“从……一端至另一端;穿过;贯穿(从物体内部)”;across表示“从一边到另一边,横过(物体表面)”;past表示“从一侧到另一侧,经过”。
考点透视
2.Look! Tina is waiting _____________(at/in/to) the bus stop.
【解析】 at the bus stop意为“在公共汽车站”。the bus stop表示小的地点,故填入at。
【归纳总结】表示小地点用at,大地方用in,表示朝某地点的方向用to。
考点透视
用适当的地点介词填空。
1.The story took place ____________ a middle school. [2025·四川广安改编]
2.The mountain is located in Wenzhou,Zhejiang Province. It stands about 1,057 meters ____________ sea level. [2025·四川眉山改编]
3.Young man,walk on and turn left ____________ the first crossing. You’ll see the bookstore. [2025·云南改编]
in
above
at
考点透视
4.The government makes the break ____________ two classes — 15 minutes to let students relax.
5.He had to enter the house ____________ the open window because his keys were lost. [2025·天津改编]
6.However,the city is ____________ the sea,so there’s not enough space for landfills (垃圾填埋场). [2025·黑龙江齐齐哈尔、黑河、大兴安岭改编]
between
through
near/beside
考点透视
7.Zhejiang Province lies ____________ the south of Jiangsu Province.
8.Tianmouc can notice sudden changes quickly,like a child running ____________ the road or a car suddenly cutting in. [2025·山东临沂改编]
9.When you meet new words,make funny example sentences with the words or draw little pictures next ___________ them. [2025·四川乐山改编]
10.One day in September 1950,on the way to Beijing Railway Station,Wang Xin walked ___________ Tian’anmen Square. [2025·辽宁改编]
on
across
to
past
考点透视
1.in,on和by(表示交通方式)
in in+限定词+交通工具,多用于封闭式交通工具前 如:in the car 乘小汽车
on on+限定词+交通工具,多用于开放式或半封闭式的交通工具前 如:on my bike 骑我的自行车
by by+表示交通工具的单数名词 如:by bus 乘公共汽车
考点透视
2.with,in,by,through和on(表示行为方式、手段或使用工具)
with 表示借助具体工具、身体的某一部位或器官等 如:with a pencil 用铅笔; with your hand 用你的手
in 用语言、声音、材料等 如:in English用英语; in cash 用现金
考点透视
by by+动名词,表示“以……方式(手段)” 如:by selling flowers 通过卖花; by listening to music 通过听音乐
through through+名词,表示
“凭借;通过;依靠” 如:through hard work 凭借努力; through experience 通过实践
on on+表示通信工具的名词 如:on the phone 打电话; on the Internet 在网上
考点透视
1.—How do you study for a listening test?
—I study ______________(with/by/in) listening to tapes.
【解析】句意:——你怎样复习听力考试?——我通过听录音带学习。介词by有“通过”的意思,表示方式。故填入by。
【归纳总结】表示“用”的介词有:with “用……(具体的)工具”;in “用……材料、语言等”;by “用……手段或借助某种工具”。
考点透视
2.Most of my classmates go to school ___________(on/by/in) bike.
【解析】by+表示交通工具的单数名词,表示交通方式,如:by bike骑自行车; by bus乘公共汽车; by train坐火车; by plane坐飞机; by boat坐船等。故填入by。
【归纳总结】by后直接接交通工具,on/in接交通工具时需有修饰语,如:on one’s bike 骑自行车; in one’s car乘小汽车。
考点透视
1.This free app connects blind people with volunteers ____________ video calls and in this way the volunteers can help the blind with their everyday tasks.[2025·四川资阳改编]
through
考点透视
2.用适当的方式介词填空。
(1)Scientists think people are causing this change ___________ burning a lot of coal and oil. So we need to change our way of living. [2025·天津改编]
(2)The young mother told a story ____________ a soft voice and the baby fell asleep soon.
(3)Betty and her friend are talking _________ the telephone.
by
in
on
考点透视
(4)The painting measures (测量为) only 77 centimeters by 53 centimeters and is painted ____________ oil on wood. [2024·贵州]
(5)Have you ever wondered what else you can do ___________ the train besides sleeping or scrolling through your phone? [2025·江苏扬州改编]
with
on
考点透视
except/
but “除了……外”,不包括后面所提及的人或物 如:No one except/but a mad man would say such words.
除了疯子,谁也不会说这样的话。
besides “除了……以外(还有)”,包括后面所提及的人或物在内 如:Aunt Mary had other people to take care of besides me.
除了我以外,玛丽阿姨还需要照料其他人。
including “包括……在内” 如:Six people were killed in this earthquake,including a policeman.
在这次地震中有六人丧生,其中包括一名警察。
考点透视
with “和……在一起;和” 如:Lisa likes to stay with her parents. 莉萨喜欢和她的父母待在一起。
“有;具有;带
有” 如:a girl with long hair 一个长发女孩
“由于;随着”,表示伴随 如:With technology developing quickly,our lives are better and better.
随着科技的迅速发展,我们的生活越来越好了。
考点透视
without “没有;缺乏” 如:He found the place without difficulty. 他毫不费力地找到了地方。
“不和……一起” 如:I feel very lonely without my dog. 没有我的狗,我感到很孤单。
“不(做某事)” 如:Mr. Smith left without saying anything. 史密斯先生什么都没说就走了。
考点透视
as “作为;当
作” 如:Scott came to China as a tourist five years ago.
斯科特五年前以一名游客的身份来到了中国。
“像;如同” 如:They were all dressed as clowns. 他们都打扮成小丑了。
like “像……一
样” 如:The player runs fast like the wind. 这名运动员跑得像风一样快。
考点透视
from “从……起,始于”,表示起始点 如:Has the train from Beijing arrived?
从北京来的火车已经到了吗?
“来自”,表示来源 如:Where are you from? 你来自哪
里?
“由……制成”,表示所用的原料 如:Paper is made from wood. 纸是由木头制成的。
“根据”,表示进行判断的依据 如:You can understand something from their handwriting.
根据他们的笔迹你能明白一些东西。
考点透视
for “给,对”,表示对象、用途等 如:There is a letter for you. 这儿有一封你的信。
“为了” 如:Let me do it for you. 让我来帮你吧。
“因为;由于” 如:The town is famous for its history. 这个城镇因它的历史而著名。
考点透视
against “反对;与……相
反”,反义词为for 如:I’m sorry he is against your ideas. 我很抱歉他反对你的观点。
“和……竞争;与……对阵” 如:Our team will play against yours this afternoon.
今天下午我们队将和你们队比赛。
“和……相比”,表示对比关系 如:Mr. Brown was elected by 30 against 20. 布朗先生以30:20当选。
“紧靠;倚;碰;
撞” 如:Put the piano there,against the wall. 把钢琴放在那里,紧靠着墙。
考点透视
in “穿着;戴着” 如:Tom was in black. 汤姆穿着一身黑。
“在(某范围或空间内)的某一点” 如:I read about it in the newspaper. 我是在报纸上读到它的。
“在……方面” 如:She is weak in math. 她数学差。
固定搭配 如:keep in touch with 与……保持联系; in danger处于危险中
考点透视
about “关于;对于” 如:Could you tell me something about Adams’ life?
你能告诉我一些亚当斯的生活情况吗?
of “关于,反映(某人或某事)”,表示所属关系 如:a photo of my dog 一张我的狗的照片
on “关于(事或人)” 如:a movie on South Africa 一部有关南非的电影
考点透视
1.Mrs. Huang was very happy because her husband bought some beautiful flowers _____________(from/for/to) her on her birthday.
【解析】句意:黄夫人非常高兴,因为她的丈夫在她生日那天给她买了一些漂亮的花。buy sth.for sb.表示“为某人买某物”。故填入for。
【归纳总结】表示对象、用途等用for,意为“给,对”。
考点透视
2.Our English teacher came into the classroom _____________ (in/over/with/against) a smile on her face.
【解析】in表示“采用(某种方式)”;over表示“在……的上方”;with表示“有;具有;带有”;against表示“反对;与……相反”。根据“a smile on her face”可知,应用with表示伴随。故填入with。
【归纳总结】表示伴随用with,意为“有;具有;带有”。
考点透视
3.—Can you tell me something about Hangzhou?
—No problem. It’s in Zhejiang Province and it’s famous ______________(for/as) its tea.
【解析】be famous for表示“因……而出名”;be famous as表示“作为……而出名”。根据“its tea”可知,此处表示“以茶闻名”。故填入for。
【归纳总结】牢记常见介词的用法,分析语境,准确判断所需介词。
考点透视
without against except including from
1.Big cities like Beijing and Shanghai have already started the fight ____________ obesity. [2025·四川德阳改编]
2.____________ a second thought,Mom and I decided to help the poor bird. [2025·广西改编]
3.The wind picks up pollen (花粉) from the corn and moves it quickly ___________ field to field. [2025·黑龙江绥化改编]
against
Without
from
考点透视
4.Just think about how you would feel if all the classmates were invited to a party ____________ you. [2025·山西改编]
5.Lots of people use it for almost everything,____________ drinking water,as it is the only water they can use. [2025·黑龙江齐齐哈尔、黑河、大兴安岭改编]
except
including
考点透视
动词+介词 如:look for 寻找; think of 想起; wait for 等待; arrive at/in 到达
be动词+形容词+介词 如:be kind/friendly to 对……友好; be good at 擅长; be interested in 对……感兴趣;
be sorry for 为……抱歉; be late for 迟到
考点透视
介词+名词 如:at present目前; by mistake 错误地; by accident 偶然地; in order 按顺序; in public 公开地;
in person 亲自; on duty 值班; on sale 正在出售; on business 出差
其他 如:at once 立刻; with one’s help 在……的帮助下; by the way 顺便提一下; by the end of 到……结束时; to one’s surprise/joy 使……惊奇/高兴的是
考点透视
1.—Do you like sports,Ann?
—Of course. I am good ______________(at/for/to) basketball.
【解析】句意:——安,你喜欢运动吗?——当然。我擅长篮球。be good at表示“擅长”;be good for表示“对……有好处”;be good to表示“对……友好”。故填入at。
【归纳总结】结构类似、介词不同的短语含义不同。
考点透视
2.Sue looked at her son _________(in surprise/on purpose). She couldn’t believe that he won the game.
【解析】句意:休惊讶地看着她的儿子。她不敢相信他赢了比赛。in surprise表示“惊讶地”;on purpose表示“故意地”。故填入in surprise。
【归纳总结】牢记常见介词短语及固定搭配,分析语境,准确判断所需介词(短语)。
考点透视
1.____________ the painter’s surprise,the fisherman gave him some money again. (填入适当的介词) [2025·四川广安改编]
To
考点透视
2. be full of be late for by the end of wait for
(1)Please don’t __________ school. It’s a rule. [2025·云南改编]
(2)_______________ the first week,they had completed the obstacle course (障碍赛赛道) together.[2024·北京改编]
(3)The village was far from the city,and there ______________ beautiful views along the way.[2025·四川达州改编]
(4)While the students were discussing what the answer was,Mr. Johnson always ____________ their reply patiently.[2025·河北改编]
be late for
By the end of
were full of
waited for
考点透视
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