8.4 World Cultural Spots- Grammar&Writing（课件）-《英语 基础模块2》（语文版2022版）《上好课》

《英语 基础模块2》（语文版2022版） Unit8 World Cultural Spots Grammar & Writing —— 直接引语与间接引语（I）的用法 1.7.2013 大家好，欢迎来到今天的英语课。今天我们将学习《英语 基础模块2》第八单元“世界文化景点”中的语法和写作部分，主题是直接引语与间接引语的用法。 ‹#› 目录 学习目标 学习重难点 教学导入 知识讲授和师生互动 写作 课堂练习 课堂小结 作业布置 1.7.2013 本节课我们将按照以下八个部分进行：首先明确学习目标和重难点，然后通过教学导入进入主题，接着进行知识讲授和师生互动，之后是写作和课堂练习环节，最后进行课堂小结并布置作业。 ‹#› 学习目标 Learning Objectives 1.7.2013 首先，我们来看一下本节课的学习目标。 ‹#› 学习目标 知识目标 Knowledge Objectives 掌握核心转换规则 掌握核心句型 He/She said that... 掌握核心词汇 symbol, heritage 等 技能目标 Skill Objectives 准确完成语法练习 (准确率≥85%) 撰写含间接引语的介绍短文 情感目标 Emotional Objectives 增强传播中国文化的信心 培养严谨的语言运用态度 认识英语的职业实用价值 1.7.2013 本节课的学习目标分为三个方面：知识上，我们要掌握直接引语变间接引语的核心规则、句型和词汇；技能上，要能准确完成练习并撰写短文；情感上，要增强文化传播的信心，培养严谨的态度。 ‹#› 学习重难点 Key & Difficult Points 1.7.2013 接下来，我们看一下本节课的重点和难点。 ‹#› 学习重难点 重点 (Key Points) 核心规则（人称、时态、指示代词、时间/地点状语） 教材语法练习的精准完成 文化景点短文的核心词汇与间接引语应用 难点 (Difficult Points) 主句为过去时时间接引语的时态倒退 人称变化“一主二宾三不变”的灵活应用 写作中主动运用间接引语，避免直接引语堆砌 1.7.2013 重点在于掌握直接引语变间接引语的核心规则，并能精准完成练习和应用于写作。难点则在于时态倒退和人称变化的灵活运用，以及在写作中主动使用间接引语。 ‹#› 教学导入 Lead-in 1.7.2013 现在，让我们通过一个情景来导入今天的学习内容。 ‹#› 教学导入 导游带外国游客参观时，需要简洁转述景点信息，避免直接引语堆砌！ 句子对比 直接引语：The guide said,“The Yellow River is a symbol of Chinese people.” 间接引语：The guide said that the Yellow River is a symbol of Chinese people. Q：两句话的区别是什么？哪个更适合导游介绍？ A：第二句用that连接，更简洁连贯，适合转述！ 1.7.2013 想象一下，你是一名导游，正在向外国游客介绍黄河。你可以直接引用别人的话，也可以用自己的话转述。大家看这两个句子，它们有什么区别？哪一个更适合在导游时使用呢？没错，第二句更简洁，这就是我们今天要学习的间接引语。 ‹#› 知识讲授和师生互动 Grammar & Interaction 知识讲授 系统讲解语法规则，夯实语言基础。 师生互动 通过情境练习，提升实际应用能力。 1.7.2013 接下来，我们将详细学习直接引语变间接引语的规则，并进行一些互动练习。 ‹#› 人称变化 核心规则：一主二宾三不变 口诀：“一主二宾三不变，人称转换不混乱” 1. He said, “I like the Yellow River.” → He said that he liked the Yellow River. （一主：引号内 I → 主句主语 he） 2. She said to me, “You are right.” → She told me that I was right. （二宾：引号内 you → 主句宾语 me → I） 3. They said, “He visited the Palace Museum.” → They said that he had visited the Palace Museum. （三不变：引号内 he 不变） Q: She said to Tom, “You should learn about cultural heritage.” 如何转换人称？ A: She told Tom that he should learn about cultural heritage. 1.7.2013 首先是人称的变化，我们可以记住一个口诀：“一主二宾三不变”。也就是说，直接引语中的第一人称要根据主句的主语来变化，第二人称要根据主句的宾语来变化，第三人称则保持不变。大家看这几个例子，然后尝试回答这个问题。 ‹#› 时态变化 核心规则 主句为过去时，从句时态需相应“倒退一步”。 直接引语时态 间接引语时态 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 例句解析 Li Ming said, “I am visiting the Yellow River.” → Li Ming said that he was visiting the Yellow River. Jenny said, “I have seen the Nile River.” → Jenny said that she had seen the Nile River. 互动提问 Q:Danny said, “I will go to Lanzhou.” 如何转换？ A:Danny said that he would go to Lanzhou. 总结：牢记“主过从倒退”原则，结合表格和例句，时态转换将变得简单。 1.7.2013 接下来是时态的变化。如果主句的时态是过去时，那么间接引语中的时态就要相应地“倒退一步”。大家可以参考这个表格来记忆。看这两个例子，然后尝试回答问题。 ‹#› 其他转换 指示代词 this → that；these → those 例：She said, “This is Lanzhou Zhongshan Bridge.” → She said that that was Lanzhou Zhongshan Bridge. 时间/地点状语 now→then; today→that day yesterday→the day before; here→there 动词 come → go 例：She said, “I will come tomorrow.” → She said that she would go the next day. 核心原则 根据语境调整指代、时间、地点和方向，确保逻辑一致。 1.7.2013 除了人称和时态，一些指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词也需要相应地转换。大家可以看这些例子，熟悉一下这些转换规则。 ‹#› 客观真理 核心规则 客观真理（如景点长度、自然规律）转换时，时态不变！ 例句 The teacher said, “The Yellow River is over 5,400 kilometres long.” → The teacher said that the Yellow River is over 5,400 kilometres long. 重点强调 即使主句是过去时，客观真理的时态仍保持原时态！ 1.7.2013 这里有一个特殊情况需要注意：当直接引语表达的是客观真理时，即使主句是过去时，间接引语中的时态也不需要变化。例如，黄河的长度是客观事实，所以在转换时时态保持不变。 ‹#› 教材练习 - 填空 教材P93 第2题 填空（Fill in the blanks） 1. He said, “I seldom eat carrots.” He said that ______ seldom ______ carrots. 2. “I've found my wallet,” he said to me. He ______ me that ______ ______ ______ wallet. 3. “I took it home with me,” she said. She said that ______ ______ it home with ______. 4. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me. He ______ me that he ______ her ______ ______. 1.7.2013 现在，我们来做一些教材上的练习，巩固一下刚刚学到的知识。请大家完成这几道填空题。 ‹#› 教材练习 - 填空答案 He said that he seldom ate carrots. He told me that he had found his wallet. She said that she had taken it home with her. He told me that he had met her the day before. 1.7.2013 大家都完成了吗？我们一起来对一下答案。 ‹#› 教材练习 - 改写 教材P93 第3题 改写 (Rewrite with indirect speech) 例：Danny: The Yellow River is wide and long. → Danny said that the Yellow River is wide and long. 1. Li Ming: It is more than 5,400 kilometres long. 2. Jenny: The Yellow River is similar to our Nile River. 3. Li Ming: The Silk Road crossed the Yellow River in Lanzhou. 4. Li Ming: It was the first bridge over the Yellow River. 1.7.2013 接下来是改写题，请大家将这些直接引语改写成间接引语。 ‹#› 教材练习 - 改写答案 Li Ming said that it is more than 5,400 kilometres long. Jenny said that the Yellow River is similar to their Nile River. Li Ming said that the Silk Road had crossed the Yellow River in Lanzhou. Li Ming said that it had been the first bridge over the Yellow River. 1.7.2013 我们一起来看一下答案。注意第三和第四题，因为主句是过去时，所以从句的时态需要倒退。 ‹#› 文化景点短文写作 Writing: Introduce a Cultural Spot 1.7.2013 学习了语法规则之后，我们来尝试写一篇关于文化景点的短文。 ‹#› 范文分析 范文展示 My favorite cultural spot is the Yellow River. The guide said that it is more than 5,400 kilometres long. My teacher told me that it is a symbol of Chinese people. My friend said that he had visited Lanzhou Zhongshan Bridge, which is the first bridge over the Yellow River. I hope to visit it one day. 互动提问 Q:范文中用了哪些间接引语？间接引语让短文更连贯吗？ A:用了“The guide said that...”等；更连贯，避免重复表述。 分析总结：合理运用间接引语是提升文章连贯性和丰富性的有效方法。 1.7.2013 我们先来看一篇范文。大家分析一下，这篇短文中用了哪些间接引语？使用间接引语有什么好处呢？ ‹#› 写作要求与参考 写作要求 篇幅：60词左右 内容：介绍某文化景点 要求：至少运用2处间接引语 参考词汇 symbol, kilometre, ancient, cultural, heritage, bridge, statue 参考句型 My favorite cultural spot is... The guide said that... / My teacher told me that... 1.7.2013 现在，请大家根据这些要求和参考词汇、句型，也来写一篇短文，介绍一个你喜欢的文化景点。 ‹#› 课堂练习 Class Exercise 1.7.2013 写作完成后，我们再来做一些课堂练习，进一步巩固所学知识。 ‹#› 语法选择题 1. She said, “I like the Silk Road.” → She said that ______ liked the Silk Road. (A. I B. she C. you D. we) 2. He said, “They are visiting Lanzhou.” → He said that they ______ visiting Lanzhou. (A. are B. were C. will be D. have been) 3. My mother said to me, “You should learn about cultural heritage.” → My mother told me that ______ should learn about cultural heritage. (A. I B. she C. you D. he) 4. The teacher said, “The Yellow River is over 5,400 kilometres long.” → The teacher said that the Yellow River ______ over 5,400 kilometres long. (A. was B. is C. will be D. had been) 5. She said, “I will go to Cairo tomorrow.” → She said that she ______ go to Cairo ______. (A. will; tomorrow B. would; the next day C. would; tomorrow D. will; the next day) 1.7.2013 首先是几道选择题，请大家选出正确答案。 ‹#› 选择题答案 1. B（解析：一主原则，I→she） 2. B（解析：现在进行时→过去进行时） 3. A（解析：二宾原则，you→I） 4. B（解析：客观真理，时态不变） 5. B（解析：一般将来时→过去将来时；tomorrow→the next day） 1.7.2013 我们一起来对一下答案，并看一下解析。 ‹#› 句子改写 二、直接引语变间接引语 He said, “I have visited the Great Wall.” She said to Tom, “These are ancient cultural relics.” The guide said, “Here is the Mother River Statue.” My father said, “I met your teacher yesterday.” The professor said, “Light travels faster than sound.” 1.7.2013 接下来是句子改写题，请大家将这些直接引语改写成间接引语。 ‹#› 句子改写答案 He said that he had visited the Great Wall. She told Tom that those were ancient cultural relics. The guide said that there was the Mother River Statue. My father said that he had met my teacher the day before. The professor said that light travels faster than sound. 1.7.2013 我们一起来看一下答案。注意第五题，“光比声音传播得快”是客观真理，所以时态不变。 ‹#› 汉译英 导游告诉游客，故宫是中国的国宝。 老师说黄河有5400多公里长。 他告诉我他去年参观了丝绸之路。 她说明天要去参观平遥古城。 教授说，文化遗产需要被保护。 1.7.2013 最后，我们来做几道汉译英的练习，注意使用间接引语。 ‹#› 汉译英答案 The guide told the tourists that the Palace Museum is a national treasure of China. The teacher said that the Yellow River is more than 5,400 kilometres long. He told me that he visited the Silk Road last year. She said that she would go to visit Pingyao Ancient City the next day. The professor said that cultural heritage needs to be protected. 1.7.2013 我们一起来对一下答案。 ‹#› 课堂小结 Class Summary 1.7.2013 课程的最后，我们来对今天学习的内容进行一个小结。 ‹#› 课堂小结 核心口诀 直接变间接，引号要去掉； that来连接，人称要记牢； 一主二宾三不变，时态倒退不可少； this变that now变then，here变there come变go； 客观真理永不变，转述准确水平高！ 快速问答 Q:直接引语“I like cultural spots”，主句He said，间接引语怎么变？ A:He said that he liked cultural spots. Q:直接引语“The Great Wall is long”，主句She said，时态变吗？ A:不变！属于客观真理。 1.7.2013 大家可以记住这个核心口诀，来帮助自己掌握直接引语变间接引语的规则。我们来快速回答两个问题，检验一下今天的学习成果。 ‹#› 作业布置 Homework 1.7.2013 今天的课就到这里，最后布置一下作业。 ‹#› 作业布置 一、基础作业 完成教材P93第4题（翻译），订正错题并标注错误原因（如“时态倒退错误”）。 二、提升作业 修改课堂撰写的文化景点短文，增加1处客观真理的间接引语转述。 三、拓展作业 用间接引语写1个句子描述职场转述场景（如导游、外事沟通），下节课分享。 示例：The tourist asked, “How long is the Yellow River?” I told him that it is over 5,400 kilometres long. 1.7.2013 作业分为基础、提升和拓展三个部分，请大家认真完成。下节课我们将进行讲解和分享。 ‹#› Thank you! See you next class! 1.7.2013 感谢大家的聆听，我们下节课再见！ ‹#› $