内容正文:
课程名称
《英语 基础模块2》(语文版2022版)
Unit8 World Cultural Spots
(Grammar & Writing)
课型
Grammar
课时
1
授课班级
授课时间
45mins
授课教师
教材分析(Textbook Analysis)
1. 地位和作用:本课时聚焦“直接引语与间接引语(I)——陈述句转换”语法核心及“文化景点介绍”短文写作应用,是Unit8“World Cultural Spots”主题下“精准转述信息”的关键环节。Grammar部分系统讲解陈述句直接引语变间接引语的人称、时态、指示代词、时间/地点状语变化规则,为职业场景中“导游转述景点信息、外事沟通传递文化知识”(如“The guide said that the Palace Museum has 9,999 rooms”)提供语法支撑;Writing部分要求运用间接引语撰写“文化景点介绍”短文,实现语法知识向实用写作的转化,契合中职新课标“职业导向、学以致用”要求。
2. 知识衔接:承接前序单元“宾语从句”基础用法,拓展“直接引语与间接引语的转换逻辑”,将简单句转述与复合句结构结合;同时为后续职场英语中“会议记录、信息传递”(如“Our manager said that we need to introduce cultural spots clearly”)奠定语法基础。
3. 适应性分析:教材中“黄河、故宫”等转述例句贴近学生认知,需补充“导游、外事”职业场景应用(如转述游客提问、传递文化常识);重点训练“陈述句直接引语变间接引语”的语法能力,及“结合文化主题撰写含间接引语的实用短文”的写作能力,培养“准确转述、逻辑清晰”的语言素养。
学情分析(Study situation analysis)
1. 知识储备:已掌握宾语从句基本结构(He said that...),但对“直接引语与间接引语的转换规则”(人称、时态、状语变化)认知模糊;易混淆人称变化(如直接引语“I”误转为“you”),对时态变化规律(一般现在时→一般过去时)应用不熟练。
2. 能力水平:单句转换错误率较高(如“She said, 'I like the Yellow River'”误转为“She said that I like the Yellow River”),写作中习惯用直接引语堆砌(如“The guide said: 'The Yellow River is long'”),缺乏“用间接引语优化表达”的意识。
3. 兴趣态度:对“导游转述景点信息、跨文化沟通”等职业相关话题关注度高,因可关联未来工作易参与讨论;对抽象语法规则兴趣较低,通过“情景任务”“趣味口诀”可提升学习投入度。
4. 学习困难:人称变化的“一主二宾三不变”规则应用;主句为过去时时间接引语的时态倒退;指示代词(this→that)、时间状语(now→then)的自然转换;写作中主动运用间接引语整合转述信息。
学习目标(Learning objectives)
1. 知识目标:
掌握直接引语变间接引语(陈述句)的核心规则:人称变化(一主二宾三不变)、时态变化(主句过去时→从句时态倒退)、指示代词(this→that/these→those)、时间状语(now→then/today→that day)、地点状语(here→there)、动词(come→go)的转换;
掌握核心句型:He/She said that...;He/She told me that...;
掌握教材中“文化景点”短文的核心词汇(symbol, kilometre, ancient, cultural, heritage)。
2. 技能目标:
能正确完成“直接引语变间接引语”的选择、填空、改写等语法练习(准确率≥85%);
能围绕“介绍某文化景点”撰写60词短文,至少运用2处间接引语转述信息。
3. 情感目标:
通过“文化景点介绍”短文写作,增强用英语传播中国文化的信心;
体会间接引语对语言表达“简洁性、连贯性”的作用,培养严谨的语言运用态度;
认识英语在导游、外事等职业场景中的实用价值,提升职业英语应用意愿。
学习重难点(Learning key &difficult points)
1. 重点:
直接引语变间接引语(陈述句)的核心规则(人称、时态、指示代词、时间/地点状语转换);
教材中“直接引语变间接引语”练习的精准完成;
文化景点短文的核心词汇与间接引语应用。
2. 难点:
主句为过去时时间接引语的时态倒退(一般现在时→一般过去时/现在进行时→过去进行时);
人称变化“一主二宾三不变”的灵活应用;
写作中主动运用间接引语转述景点信息,避免直接引语堆砌(如将“The guide said, 'The Yellow River is 5,400 kilometres long'”改为“The guide said that the Yellow River is 5,400 kilometres long”)。
教学方法(Teaching methods)
情景教学法、任务驱动法、趣味记忆法。创设“导游转述景点信息”“跨文化交流传递文化知识”情境,通过“转换闯关”“短文写作擂台”等系列任务,引导学生在模拟职业场景中学习、运用直接引语变间接引语规则,兼顾趣味性与实用性。
课前准备(Preparation before class)
1. 教师准备:
制作PPT(含导游工作短视频、转换规则表格、教材练习题、优秀短文范文);
设计“任务卡”(如“语法转换卡”“短文写作指导卡”);
准备“转换规则口诀卡片”“人称/时态变化对照表”;
打印教材练习题、写作提纲。
2. 学生准备:
预习教材中“直接引语与间接引语(I)”相关内容,标记不理解的规则;
用中文记录1个文化景点的3个关键信息(如黄河:长度、象征意义、相关历史),并准备1句描述该景点的直接引语(如导游说:“黄河是中国的母亲河”)。
教学媒体(Teaching media)
多媒体课件(PPT)、转换规则卡片、任务卡、教材、练习题打印版、导游工作短视频
教学过程(Teaching process)
教学环节(Teaching Steps)
教师活动设计(Teacher Activity designs)
学生活动设计(Student Activity Designs)
设计意图(Design Intentions)
Step1 导入(Lead-in)
1. 情景导入:播放导游带游客参观黄河的趣味短视频(导游转述景点信息),笑着说:“同学们,导游带游客时,总不能一直说‘老师说过:“黄河很长”’‘资料显示:“黄河是母亲河”’吧?太啰嗦啦!今天咱们就解锁‘精准转述信息’的语法神器——直接引语变间接引语,以后当导游、做外事沟通,转述信息又简洁又专业!”
2. 提问互动:出示两组句子:① The guide said, “The Yellow River is a symbol of Chinese people.” ② The guide said that the Yellow River is a symbol of Chinese people. 提问:“第二句和第一句有什么区别?哪个更适合导游向游客介绍?”(预设学生:第二句没有引号,更简洁,适合转述!)
3. 调侃:“学会间接引语,你的英语表达就能‘告别引号堆砌’,不管是聊文化景点还是以后工作转述信息,瞬间升级为‘专业沟通大师’!”
1. 观看视频,兴奋讨论导游工作细节,回应:“对!直接引语太多太麻烦,需要简洁的转述!”
2. 对比句子,分析差异,积极回答提问:“第二句用了that,没有引号,是间接转述!”
3. 跟读教师给出的间接引语例句,用手势比划“引号去掉”“that连接”,初步感知转换逻辑。
用导游工作场景贴近职业需求,自然引入间接引语“简洁转述信息”的核心;句子对比+肢体模仿降低抽象规则理解难度,为语法学习铺垫兴趣。
Step2 Grammar
一、核心规则讲解(口诀+例句)
1. 人称变化:“一主二宾三不变”
举例+提问:
① He said, “I like the Yellow River.” → He said that he liked the Yellow River.(一主:引号内I→主句主语he)
② She said to me, “You are right.” → She told me that I was right.(二宾:引号内you→主句宾语me→I)
③ They said, “He visited the Palace Museum.” → They said that he had visited the Palace Museum.(三不变:引号内he不变)
提问:“She said to Tom, ‘You should learn about cultural heritage.’ 怎么转换人称?”(预设学生:She told Tom that he should learn about cultural heritage.)
2. 时态变化(主句为过去时):
出示“时态倒退表”,用“时间倒流”比喻:“主句是said/told(过去时),从句时态要‘倒回一步’!”
规则:一般现在时→一般过去时;现在进行时→过去进行时;现在完成时→过去完成时;一般过去时→过去完成时;一般将来时→过去将来时
举例+互动:
① Li Ming said, “I am visiting the Yellow River.” → Li Ming said that he was visiting the Yellow River.
② Jenny said, “I have seen the Nile River.” → Jenny said that she had seen the Nile River.
提问:“Danny said, ‘I will go to Lanzhou.’ 怎么转换时态?”(预设学生:Danny said that he would go to Lanzhou.)
3. 其他转换:
指示代词:this→that/these→those(例句:She said, “This is Lanzhou Zhongshan Bridge.” → She said that that was Lanzhou Zhongshan Bridge.)
时间状语:now→then/today→that day/yesterday→the day before/tomorrow→the next day
地点状语:here→there(例句:He said, “I am here.” → He said that he was there.)
动词:come→go(例句:She said, “I will come tomorrow.” → She said that she would go the next day.)
强调:“客观真理(如黄河长度、地球公转)转换时时态不变!”(例句:The teacher said, “The Yellow River is over 5,400 kilometres long.” → The teacher said that the Yellow River is over 5,400 kilometres long.)
二、教材练习实操
1. 完成教材P93第2题(填空)、第3题(改写);
第2题:Fill in the blanks to complete the sentences.
1) He said, “I seldom eat carrots.” He said that ______ seldom ______ carrots.
2) “I've found my wallet,” he said to me. He ______ me that ______ ______ ______ wallet.
3) “I took it home with me,” she said. She said that ______ ______ it home with ______.
4) “I met her yesterday,” he said to me. He ______ me that he ______ her ______ ______.
第3题:Rewrite the following sentences using indirect speech.
e.g. Danny: The Yellow River is wide and long. Danny said that the Yellow River is wide and long.
1) Li Ming: It is more than 5,400 kilometres long.
2) Jenny: The Yellow River is similar to our Nile River.
3) Li Ming: The Silk Road crossed the Yellow River in Lanzhou.
4) Li Ming: It was the first bridge over the Yellow River.
2. 巡视指导,纠正错误(如将“He said that I like carrots”改为“He said that he liked carrots”)。
1. 跟着教师理解规则,记录口诀和例句,小声念叨:“一主二宾三不变,时态倒退一步走!”
2. 参与互动提问,快速回应:“She told Tom that he should learn about cultural heritage.”“Danny said that he would go to Lanzhou.”
3. 独立完成教材语法练习,同桌互查答案,纠正错误。
第2题答案:
1) he; ate 2) told; he had found his 3) she had taken; her 4) told; had met; the day before
第3题答案:
1) Li Ming said that it is more than 5,400 kilometres long.
2) Jenny said that the Yellow River is similar to their Nile River.
3) Li Ming said that the Silk Road had crossed the Yellow River in Lanzhou.
4) Li Ming said that it had been the first bridge over the Yellow River.
用“口诀+比喻”降低语法规则记忆难度;结合教材例句和导游场景让规则更具象;时态倒退表清晰呈现变化逻辑;教材练习即时巩固,让学生在实践中掌握转换规则,契合中职生“做中学”的认知特点。
Step3 Writing
1. 主题引入:出示教材相关短文范文(含间接引语):
“My favorite cultural spot is the Yellow River. The guide said that it is more than 5,400 kilometres long. My teacher told me that it is a symbol of Chinese people. My friend said that he had visited Lanzhou Zhongshan Bridge, which is the first bridge over the Yellow River. I hope to visit it one day.”
提问:“范文中用了哪些间接引语?和直接引语相比,间接引语让短文更连贯吗?”(预设学生:用了said/told that...,更连贯,不用重复说“导游/老师说”!)
2. 写作指导:发放“短文写作指导卡”,明确要求:
写60词左右“介绍某文化景点”短文,至少运用2处间接引语转述信息;
参考词汇:symbol, kilometre, ancient, cultural, heritage, bridge, statue;
参考句型:“My favorite cultural spot is... The guide said that... My teacher told me that... I hope to...”
3. 写作实践:学生独立撰写,教师巡视指导,重点帮助学生修正间接引语错误(如将“The guide said that the Palace Museum has 9,999 rooms”误写为“The guide said that the Palace Museum had 9,999 rooms”——强调客观真理时态不变)。
1. 分析范文,找出间接引语并标注:“the guide said that it is more than 5,400 kilometres long”“my teacher told me that it is a symbol of Chinese people”。
2. 结合自身记录的文化景点信息构思短文,如:“My favorite cultural spot is the Palace Museum. The guide said that it has 9,999 rooms. My history teacher told me that it is a national treasure. My cousin said that she had visited it last year. I am looking forward to seeing it.”
3. 独立撰写短文,修正教师指出的间接引语错误。
以“介绍文化景点”为写作主题,贴近文化传播需求;范文引导+指导卡设计,帮助学生明确间接引语的写作应用目标,实现“语法→写作”的知识转化,兼顾实用性与可操作性。
Step4课堂练习(Class Exercise)
1. 语法选择题(教材拓展,5题):
① She said, “I like the Silk Road.” → She said that ______ liked the Silk Road. (A. I B. she C. you D. we)
② He said, “They are visiting Lanzhou.” → He said that they ______ visiting Lanzhou. (A. are B. were C. will be D. have been)
③ My mother said to me, “You should learn about cultural heritage.” → My mother told me that ______ should learn about cultural heritage. (A. I B. she C. you D. he)
④ The teacher said, “The Yellow River is over 5,400 kilometres long.” → The teacher said that the Yellow River ______ over 5,400 kilometres long. (A. was B. is C. will be D. had been)
⑤ She said, “I will go to Cairo tomorrow.” → She said that she ______ go to Cairo ______. (A. will; tomorrow B. would; the next day C. would; tomorrow D. will; the next day)
2. 句子改写(直接引语变间接引语,5题):
① He said, “I have visited the Great Wall.”
② She said to Tom, “These are ancient cultural relics.”
③ The guide said, “Here is the Mother River Statue.”
④ My father said, “I met your teacher yesterday.”
⑤ The professor said, “Light travels faster than sound.”
3. 汉译英(含间接引语,5题):
① 导游告诉游客,故宫是中国的国宝。
② 老师说黄河有5400多公里长。
③ 他告诉我他去年参观了丝绸之路。
④ 她说明天要去参观平遥古城。
⑤ 教授说,文化遗产需要被保护。
1. 独立完成选择题,结合规则分析选项:“第④题是客观真理,时态不变选B”。
2. 完成句子改写和汉译英,同桌互查,纠正错误(如将“He said that I have visited the Great Wall”改为“He said that he had visited the Great Wall”)。
3. 主动请教不懂的问题,如“第③题here变there,come变go吗?
练习以教材知识为核心,分层设计(选择、改写、汉译英),兼顾基础与提升;既巩固直接引语变间接引语的核心规则,又强化“转述信息”的语法功能,为写作奠定扎实基础。
Step5课堂小结(Class Summary)
1. 知识梳理(口诀记忆):
“直接变间接,引号要去掉;
that来连接,人称要记牢;
一主二宾三不变,时态倒退不可少;
this变that now变then,here变there come变go;
客观真理永不变,转述准确水平高!”
2. 快速问答:
提问:“直接引语‘I like cultural spots’,主句He said,间接引语怎么变?”(预设学生:He said that he liked cultural spots!)
提问:“直接引语‘The Great Wall is long’,主句She said,间接引语时态变吗?”(预设学生:不变!是客观真理!)
3. 温馨提示:“以后转述景点信息、工作中传递消息,都可以用间接引语让表达更简洁、更专业!记住口诀,转换不迷路!”
Step6布置作业(Homework)
1. 基础作业:完成教材P93第4题(翻译),订正错题并标注错误原因(如“时态倒退错误”);
2. 提升作业:修改课堂撰写的“介绍文化景点”短文,增加1处客观真理的间接引语转述;
3. 拓展作业:用间接引语各写1个句子描述“职场中相关的转述场景”(如导游:“The tourist asked, 'How long is the Yellow River?' I told him that it is over 5,400 kilometres long.”),下节课分享。
板书设计(Blackboard Design)
Unit8 Grammar & Writing(直接引语与间接引语I)
一、转换核心规则(口诀)
直接变间接,引号要去掉;
that来连接,人称要记牢;
一主二宾三不变,时态倒退不可少;
this变that now变then,here变there come变go;
客观真理永不变,转述准确水平高!
二、核心句型
He/She said that...(例:He said that he liked the Yellow River.)
He/She told me that...(例:She told me that it is a symbol of Chinese people.)
三、写作公式:文化景点短文=间接引语+核心词汇(symbol, kilometre, heritage)
四、时态倒退表
一般现在时→一般过去时
现在进行时→过去进行时
现在完成时→过去完成时
一般过去时→过去完成时
一般将来时→过去将来时
教学反思(Teaching Reflections)
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