Unit 2 Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment-【优学精讲】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教用课件(译林版)

该高中英语课件以“外来词”为核心，系统讲解其现象、产生原因、融入过程及不同文化态度，通过例句“The restaurant’s fried tofu is delicious.”导入，从语言现象到文化互动构建知识脉络，为学生提供从理解到应用的学习支架。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与文化意识培养，通过词汇（如integrate, oppose）、句型（“the+比较级...the+比较级...”）讲练提升语言运用能力，结合中外借词实例（如“kung fu”“bacon”）渗透跨文化认知。文本透析环节通过架构分析、问题设计（如“借词为何发生”）培养思维品质，助力学生学会分析推断。对学生可提升综合语言能力与文化理解，对教师提供系统教学资源，优化课堂效率。

Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment 1 篇章助解·释疑难 目 录 2 文本透析·剖语篇 4 课时检测·提能力 3 核心知识·巧突破 篇章助解·释疑难 力推课前预习 1 目录 Borrowed words 　　“The restaurant’s fried tofu is delicious.” Is there anything special about this sentence？ Well， all the words except “the” and “is” are borrowed from other languages！[1]This comes as no surprise ①， given② that English has borrowed words from more than 300 different languages， including Latin， Greek， French and Chinese.However， English is not alone in borrowing words from other languages—borrowed words can be found in almost all languages. For example， English words that are borrowed into the Chinese language include “bacon③”， “tank④” and “golf⑤”. 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　Word borrowing comes about⑥ when two cultures with different languages interact⑦.This tends to happen when there is no suitable word for an object or idea in the native tongue⑧. [2]This phenomenon⑨ has been occurring for thousands of years. In the current age of globalization ⑩， when communications technology brings different cultures closer together， words are even more likely to be borrowed straight from the source language at a faster pace than ever before， especially those related to technological developments， such as “email” and “Internet”. 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　[1]句中given that用作连词，引导状语从句，意为“考虑到，鉴 于”。 　　[2]本句的时态为现在完成进行时。基本结构是“主语＋ have/has＋been＋doing ...”，表示谓语动词所叙述的动作行为由过 去开始，一直持续到说话之时且有可能还会继续。 【读文清障】 ①come as no surprise 不足为奇 ②given prep.考虑到，鉴于 （后接名词或that从句） ③bacon n.咸猪肉，熏猪肉 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） ④tank n.坦克；（贮放液体或气体的）罐 ⑤golf n.高尔夫球运动 ⑥come about 产生，发生 ⑦interact v.互动；相互作用；交流 interaction n.交流；相互影响 ⑧native tongue母语 ⑨phenomenon n.现象 ⑩globalization n.全球化 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　Though borrowing words has become faster， the process is still complex， and it takes time before new words are integrated⑪ into everyday speech. At first， the borrowed word is only used by bilingual⑫ speakers.[3]It then spreads to people who do not know the original language， and they will change the pronunciation to fit the way they speak， almost unknowingly⑬.[4]An example of this is the word “kung fu⑭”， which refers to⑮ Chinese martial arts. This word comes from Chinese gongfu. Over time， the sounds that are difficult to pronounce have been replaced with more familiar ones.[5]The longer a borrowed word has been in use， the more it sounds and even looks like the native language. 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　Borrowed words are an outcome of language development that can hardly be avoided， but some language communities oppose⑯ adopting words from other cultures. There are countries that make interventions⑰ to keep their native language pure⑱ in order to defend their identity. The French specifically have an official organization that creates new words in order to avoid borrowed words.[6]Some languages have an extremely small number of speakers， such as the Native American Navajo language， used only by the members of the tribe⑲.Under this circumstance， it becomes a matter of survival for the native language to reject⑳ outside influences. 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　[3]本句是and连接的并列句。前一个分句中含有who引导的定语 从句，修饰先行词people；后一个分句中动词不定式短语to fit ... 作 目的状语；定语从句they speak修饰先行词way。 　　[4]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词kung fu。 　　[5]本句为“the＋比较级 ...， the＋比较级 ...”结构，意为 “越……，就越……”。 　　[6]过去分词短语used only by ...作后置定语，修饰名词the Native American Navajo language。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） ⑪integrate vt.& vi. （使）合并；（使）加入 ⑫bilingual adj.会说两种语言的；用两种语言（写）的 ⑬unknowingly adv.未意识到地，不知不觉地，无意中 ⑭kung fu n.功夫 ⑮refer to 指的是 ⑯oppose vt.反对，抵制；与……对垒 ⑰intervention n.干涉行为，干预 intervene vi.干预，介入 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） ⑱pure adj.纯净的；完全的 ⑲tribe n.部落 ⑳reject vt.拒绝接受，不予考虑；不录用；排斥，排异 rejection n.拒绝接受（相信……）；否决 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　[7]While some communities are pessimistic㉑ about the exchange between languages， there are also other communities that readily welcome borrowed words.English， especially， is based on㉒ a mix of Latin， Greek and Germanic㉓ languages. The English-speaking community does not hesitate about absorbing foreign words into its daily vocabulary. 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） In fact， there have never been any formal academic restrictions㉔ on new borrowed words.[8]Borrowing words allows the language to continue to develop， enabling the community to have a more efficient language which makes it possible for them to share their experiences with new- found ease.[9]It is also through those words that novel㉕ ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly. 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　According to the linguist㉖ Edward Sapir， “It would be difficult to point to a completely isolated㉗ language ...” For better or for worse㉘， the tendency㉙ to borrow words has never gone out of style㉚.[10]  The more international and globalized the world becomes， the more language characteristics will be shared between nations and cultures. 　　[7]While引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”；that引导定 语从句，修饰先行词communities。 　　[8]动词-ing短语enabling the ...作结果状语，表示自然而然 的结果。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　[9]本句为强调句，句式结构为It is ...that ...，用来强调介词短 语through those words。 　　[10]本句为“the＋比较级 ...， the＋比较级 ...”结构。 ㉑pessimistic adj.悲观的，悲观主义的 be pessimistic about 对……感到悲观 ㉒be based on以……为基础/根据 ㉓Germanic adj.日耳曼语的；德国的 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） ㉔restriction n.限制，约束 ㉕novel adj.新的，新颖的，新奇的 ㉖linguist n.语言学家；通晓数国语言的人 ㉗isolated adj.孤立的；单独的；偏远的 ㉘for better or for worse 不管是好是坏，不管结果如何 ㉙tendency n.趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好 ㉚go out of style过时 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【参考译文】 外来词 　　“The restaurant’s fried tofu is delicious.（这家餐厅的炸豆腐真 美味。）”这句话有什么特别之处吗？好吧，除了“the ”和“is”之 外，所有的单词都是从其他语言中借来的！这并不奇怪，因为英语已 从 300 多种不同的语言中借用了词汇，包括拉丁语、希腊语、法语和 汉语。然而，英语并不是唯一一种从其他语言引入外来词的语言—— 几乎所有语言中都可以找到外来词。例如，被借用到汉语中的英语词 汇包括“培根 （bacon）”“坦克 （tank）”和“高尔夫 （golf）”。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　当不同语言的两种文化相互交流时，外来词就产生了。这种情况 往往发生在当母语中没有合适的词来表达某个物体或某种想法时。这 一现象已经延续数千年。在如今的全球化时代中，当通信技术使得不 同文化更加紧密地联系在一起时，词汇甚至更有可能会以前所未有的 速度直接从原语言中被借用，特别是那些与技术发展相关的词汇，如 “电子邮件 （email）”和“互联网 （Internet）”。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　虽然借词已变得更快，但是过程仍然复杂，新词需要一段时间才 能融入日常用语中。起初，外来词只被双语者所使用，然后这个词会 传播到不懂原语言的人那里，并且他们会在几乎不知不觉中改变外来 词的发音，使之适应自己的语言习惯。这一过程的一个例子就是“功 夫 （kung fu）”这个词，它指的是中国武术。这个词来源于汉语词 汇“功夫 （gongfu）”。随着时间的推移，难以发音的部分被更为熟 悉的发音所取代了。一个外来词使用的时间越长，它听起来甚至看起 来就越像本土语言。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　虽然外来词是语言发展几乎难以避免的结果，但是一些语言群体 反对从其他文化中吸收词汇。有些国家为了捍卫自己的身份，对外来 词采取干预措施以保持自己母语的纯正。法国人专门有一个创造新词 的官方组织，以避免外来词。有些语言的使用者数量非常少，例如美 洲印第安人的纳瓦霍语，只有这个部落的成员使用。在这种情况下， 拒绝外来影响关系着母语的生存问题。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　尽管有些群体对语言之间的互借感到悲观，但是也有其他群体对 外来词持欣然欢迎的态度。尤其是英语，它是基于拉丁语、希腊语和 日耳曼语的混合体。英语群体毫不犹豫地将外语词汇吸收到自己的日 常词汇中。事实上，他们对新的外来词从来没有任何正式的学术限 制。借用外来词使英语得以继续发展，使得其群体拥有一种更为有效 的语言，让他们能够以新发现的轻松状态分享他们的经历。也正是通 过那些词，新思想的传播、不同观点的交流得以更加便捷。 　　语言学家爱德华·萨丕尔认为：“很难指出一种完全孤立的语 言……”。不管是好是坏，借用外来词的趋势从未过时。世界越是变 得国际化和全球化，不同民族和文化之间就会共享更多语言特征。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 文本透析·剖语篇 助力语篇理解 2 目录 第一步：析架构，理文本脉络 Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words. 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫 Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer. 1. Why is the first sentence showed？（　　） A. To show the sentence is indeed special. B. To show English is difficult to understand. C. To show that we had better not learn English. D. To show that English is a language with many borrowed words. 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 2. Why does word borrowing happen all the time in the history？（　　） A. It can meet the needs of mutual interaction. B. It happens because of technological developments. C. Words can be borrowed straight from the source language faster than before. D. People in two different cultures like to communicate with each other. 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 3. What can we learn from Paragraphs 4 and 5？（　　） A. The French are expert at creating new words. B. Some languages with a small number of speakers will definitely die out. C. Borrowing words are completely forbidden in some language communities. D. In order to defend their identity， some language communities oppose borrowing words. 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 4. What is the author’s attitude towards borrowing words in English？ （　　） A. Pessimistic. B. Doubtful. C. Optimistic. D. Indifferent. 5. Which column in the newspaper can you find the passage？（　　） A. Economy. B. Culture. C. Politics. D. Sports. 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 第三步：通词句，学语言表达 1. 词汇学习——循规律，记单词 skateboard （n.滑板）是由动词（skate）＋名词（board）合成 的名词。 合成名词构词法 例词 名词＋名词 weekend 名词＋动词 daybreak 名词＋动词-ing形式 handwriting 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 合成名词构词法 例词 名词＋及物动词＋er/or painkiller 名词＋介词＋名词 editor-in-chief 动词＋名词 typewriter 动词-ing形式＋名词 reading room 形容词＋名词 gentleman 副词＋动词 outbreak 介词＋名词 afternoon 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 2. 美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法 举例子：举例子是通过列举有代表性的、恰当的事例来说明事物特 征的说明方法。举例子的作用是使文章表达的意思更明确，更生动 形象，使读者更明白，还可以增强说服力，引发读者思考。 请从课文第一段中找出此类用法的句子。 ⁠ ⁠ For example， English words that are borrowed into the Chinese language include “bacon”， “tank” and “golf”. 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 核心知识·巧突破 探究课堂重点 3 目录 Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释 integrate vt.& vi.（使）合并；（使）加入 【教材原句】　Though borrowing words has become faster， the process is still complex， and it takes time before new words are integrated into everyday speech. 虽然借词已变得更快，但是过程仍然复杂，新词需要一段时间才能融 入日常用语中。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【用法】 （1）integrate （sb/sth） into ...（使某人/物）融进/加入…… integrate A and/with B 将A和B合并/融合 （2）integrated adj.　　各部分密切配合的；综合的 （3）integration n.　　结合；整合；融合 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【佳句】　Integrating the kids with the community is essential.使孩子 们融入这个社区是非常必要的。 His music is an integration of tradition and new technology.他的音乐结 合了传统和新技术。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①It’s very difficult to integrate yourself a society whose culture is so different from your own. ②The aim is to promote closer economic （integrate）. into　 integration　 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【写美】　翻译句子 ③围绕某一题目写作有助于你将新知识和已有知识结合起来。 ⁠ ⁠ Writing about a topic helps you integrate new knowledge with what you already know. 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） oppose vt.反对，抵制；与……对垒 【教材原句】　Borrowed words are an outcome of language development that can hardly be avoided， but some language communities oppose adopting words from other cultures. 虽然外来词是语言发展几乎难以避免的结果，但是一些语言群体反对 从其他文化中吸收词汇。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【用法】 （1）oppose （doing） sth　　反对（做）某事 oppose sb/sb’s doing sth　　反对某人做某事 （2）opposed adj.　　反对的；对立的 be opposed to （doing） sth 反对（做）某事；与……对立 （3）opposing adj.　对立的；相竞争的；相反的 opposite adj.　　对面的；相反的 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【佳句】　Although we were opposed to littering， some visitors ignored us and behaved badly.尽管我们反对乱扔垃圾，但一些游客无 视我们，行为恶劣。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The local residents strongly oppose （build） a chemical factory in this area. ②She seems very much opposed your going abroad. ③The senior students are strongly opposed to （treat） unfairly by others. building　 to　 being treated　 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【写美】　句型转换 ④In order to protect the environment， I firmly object to using disposable chopsticks. →In order to protect the environment，I ⁠ ⁠. firmly oppose/am firmly opposed to using disposable chopsticks　 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） tendency n.趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好 【教材原句】　According to the linguist Edward Sapir， “It would be difficult to point to a completely isolated language ...” For better or for worse， the tendency to borrow words has never gone out of style.语言 学家爱德华·萨丕尔认为：“很难指出一种完全孤立的语言……”。 不管是好是坏，借用外来词的趋势从未过时。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【用法】 （1）have a tendency to do sth　有做某事的倾向 there is a（n） ... tendency （for sb/sth） to do sth（某人/某物）有做 某事的倾向/趋势 （2）tend vt. 　照顾；照料 vi.　　倾向；趋于 tend to do sth　　易于做某事，往往会发生某事 tend （to） sb　　照顾某人 tend to/towards　　倾向于，趋于 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【佳句】　He has a tendency to be optimistic when faced with difficulties. ＝He tends to be optimistic when faced with difficulties.面对困难时，他 有乐观的倾向。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①It means that more heat energy tends （trap） in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up. ②Personally， I tend the second plan that you offered， because it is much easier than the first one. to be trapped　 to/towards　 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【写美】　一句多译 ③据报道房价在某些城市有下降的趋势。 →It is reported that housing prices in some cities. （tend） →It is reported that housing prices in some cities.（tendency） tend to decrease　 have a tendency to decrease　 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） Part Ⅱ　中频词汇特训 pessimistic adj.悲观的，悲观主义的 【教材原句】　While some communities are pessimistic about the exchange between languages， there are also other communities that readily welcome borrowed words. 尽管有些群体对语言之间的互借感到悲观，但是也有其他群体对外来 词持欣然欢迎的态度。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【用法】 （1）（be） pessimistic about ...对……悲观的 a pessimistic view of life　　对人生悲观的看法 （2）pessimism n.　　悲观；悲观主义 pessimist n.　　悲观主义者 【佳句】　He was pessimistic about his future， but since he got his new job， he has become very optimistic. 他曾对未来感到悲观，但是自从找到新工作后，他变得很乐观。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①He was criticised for an excessively （pessimism） view of life. ②You will never succeed unless you get rid of your ⁠ （pessimistic）. pessimistic　 pessimism　 【写美】　完成句子 ③The doctors his chances of making a full recovery. 医生们对他完全康复的可能性持悲观的态度。 are pessimistic about　 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） Part Ⅲ　重点句型解构 句型公式：“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”结构 【教材原句】　The longer a borrowed word has been in use， the more it sounds and even looks like the native language.一个外来词使用的时间 越长，它听起来甚至看起来就越像本土语言。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【用法】 “the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”意为“越……，就 越……”，表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，前一个“the＋比较 级 ...”通常相当于比较状语从句或条件状语从句，后一个“the＋ 比较级 ...”通常相当于主句。 （1）“the＋比较级 ... the＋比较级 ...”结构中，主句和从句的时 态常用一般现在时或一般过去时。若主句的谓语动词用一般将来 时，从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来。 （2）在意义明确的情况下，主从句都可以有所省略，特别是在谚 语、俗语中。 The more， the better.多多益善。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【品悟】　The higher the ground is， the thinner the air becomes.离地 面越高，空气就越稀薄。 The more we do for the people， the happier we will be.我们为人民做 得越多，我们就会越幸福。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【写美】　完成句子 ①Generally speaking， an athlete trains before a match， he will win. 一般说来，一个运动员在赛前训练得越刻苦，他获胜的可能性就 越大。 ② you read the book， you’ll feel. 这本书你读得越多，你就越会觉得有趣。 the harder　 the more likely　 The more　 the more interesting　 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） ③ the questions are， he is able to answer them. 问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就越小。 ④ you read， you’ll gain. 你读的书越多，学到的知识就越多。 ⑤ fish there are in the pond， it is to catch one. 池塘里的鱼越少，就越难抓到一条鱼。 The more difficult　 the less likely　 The more books　 the more knowledge　 The fewer　 the harder　 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 课时检测·提能力 培育学科素养 4 目录 维度一：品句填词 根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1. Her proposal got r ， which made her quite disappointed. 2. Each child was told to r a poem to the class before class. 3. Pay more attention to your h and you will make much progress in your study. ejected　 ecite　 andwriting　 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 4. My teacher approved of me taking part in the speech c to be held by my school next Friday. 5. By the age of two， a child will have a v of about two hundred words. 6. It seems that these ants can （忍受） temperatures which would kill other species. 7. They appeared surprisingly （悲观的） about their chances of winning. ontest　 ocabulary　 tolerate　 pessimistic　 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 8. According to the survey， most of the local residents （反 对） closing the hospital. 9. The two criminals （溜） out of the diamond shop， disappearing in the darkness. 10. These shirts are comfortable to wear because they are made from 100 ％ （完全的） cotton. oppose　 slipped　 pure　 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 维度二：词形转换 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1. She said she couldn’t speak English （fluent） as before. 2. The medical experts say there is a （tend） for this disease to run in rural villages. 3. We （sincere） hope that you will soon be restored to health. fluently　 tendency　 sincerely　 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 4. I came with the （intend） of staying， but now I’ve decided to leave. 5. But for your close （cooperate）， we wouldn’t have done the work so well. 6. The amount of sugar you add will depend on personal ⁠ （prefer）. 7. Sometimes， I feel a little （embarrass） by my improper manner at table. 8. I must say I thought your （behave） at the party was a bit out of line. intention　 cooperation　 preference　 embarrassed　 behaviour　 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 维度三：固定搭配和句式 根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。 1. 考虑到外面在下雨，我们最好待在室内。（given that ...） ， we’d better stay indoors. 2. 这栋房子融合了中西方的建筑风格。（integrate ...and ...） The house ⁠. 3. 你越小心，犯的错误就越少。（the＋比较级 ...， the＋比较 级 ...） The more careful you are， ⁠. Given that it’s raining outside　 integrates Chinese and Western architectural styles　 the fewer mistakes you will make　 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 4. 尽管我们对自己很自信，我们还是应该意识到别人的长处并向他们 表示尊敬。（让步状语从句） ， we should recognize strengths in others and show respect for them. 5. 直到第二天，我才得知事情的真相。 （强调句） I learned the truth. While/Although/Though we are confident in ourselves　 It was not until the next day that　 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 维度四：课文语法填空 阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确 形式。 　　1. （borrow） words can be found in almost all languages.Word borrowing 2. （happen） when two cultures interact with different languages.But it will take a long time for borrowed words 3. （integrate） into daily speech. Borrowed　 happens　 to integrate　 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　At first， borrowed words are only used by bilingual 4. ⁠ （speak）.It then spreads to people 5. do not know the original language.Now some language communities oppose 6. ⁠ （adopt） words from other cultures and make interventions to keep the 7. （pure） of native languages.While some people are against borrowed words， there are others 8. （welcome） it. 　　Although there exist people who are pessimistic 9. it， the 10. （tend） to borrow words has never gone out of style. speakers　 who　 adopting　 purity　 welcoming　 about　 tendency　 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） Ⅰ.阅读理解 　　Have you ever been in mid-conversation with someone， when you look over and find them standing in the same position as you or holding the same facial expression？ It may seem like they have consciously （有意 识地） copied you， but it is much more likely that it is the chameleon （变色龙） effect at play. 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　The chameleon effect is the unconscious imitation of another person’s gestures or behaviour.Just as a chameleon attempts to match any environment’s colours， people acquire the behaviour of others to bring them closer together and help make their interactions smooth. 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　The chameleon effect was confirmed in an experiment by psychologists John Bargh and Tanya Chartrand in 1999.The first part of their experiment included 78 people， who each spoke with an experimenter.During the test， Bargh and Chartrand studied whether participants would copy the actions of someone they hadn’t met before， like moving the foot and touching the face.The second part measured the impact that copying someone has on the person being imitated. 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　In the first stage， participants increased their face touching by 20％ and their foot movement by 50％ while in conversation about a photograph with the experimenter.The individuals weren’t aware of what they were being studied for， and the photograph was used to catch their attention to ensure unconscious acts.The second stage involved half of the participants being copied， and then rating the likeability of the experimenter.The results showed that those who were imitated scored the experimenter higher.It has shown that when someone copies our behaviour， we develop more positive feelings about them.These interactions could be a person unconsciously willing to be liked， and forming a moment of connection. 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　The main reasons behind humans’ imitation are positive.However， when people carry this chameleon effect to the extreme， they can lose their sense of self.Those who change their entire personalities in different groups often go undetected.But more common signs of the chameleon effect are easier to notice.Next time you are in a social gathering， take a look around and you might just see some chameleons for yourself. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于变色龙效应的 研究，告诉我们人们通过习得他人的行为来拉近彼此之间的距离。 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于变色龙效应的 研究，告诉我们人们通过习得他人的行为来拉近彼此之间的距离。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 1. Why do people acquire others’ behaviour？（　　） A. To match the environment’s colours. B. To attract others’ attention. C. To establish a connection with others. D. To adapt to the surroundings. 解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段中的people acquire the behaviour of others to bring them closer together and help make their interactions smooth可知，人们为了与他人建立联系，会习得他人的 行为。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 2. How did the experimenter guarantee participants’ unconscious behaviour？（　　） A. By directing their attention to a photo. B. By keeping a close eye on their actions. C. By telling them the purpose of the study. D. By evaluating the impacts of their imitation. 解析：　细节理解题。根据第四段中的The individuals weren’t aware of ... to ensure unconscious acts.可知，实验者用一张照片吸 引参与者的注意力来保证他们的无意识行为。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 3. What conclusion can be drawn from the experiment？（　　） A. Too much of the chameleon effect can be beneficial. B. People tend to like those who imitate their behaviour. C. People imitating others are not easy to be detected. D. The copied movements help people to feel relaxed. 解析：　推理判断题。根据第四段中的It has shown that when someone copies our behaviour， we develop more positive feelings about them.可推断出，实验表明，人们倾向于那些喜欢模仿自己行 为的人。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 4. Which of the following shows the chameleon effect according to the passage？（　　） A. A comedian copies a celebrity vividly on stage. B. Students adopt teachers’ accents for fun after class. C. People change their habits to please others on purpose. D. A husband and his wife share similar behaviour over time. 解析：　推理判断题。根据第二段中对变色龙效应的定义可知， 随着时间的推移，丈夫和妻子有相似的行为是变色龙效应，这是因 为他们经常在一起相处，会无意识地互相模仿。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） Ⅱ.阅读七选五 How to Keep a Relationship Healthy and Strong 　　Are you new to experiencing relationships？ Well， let me give you advice on having a healthy and possibly long-term relationship. 　　5. （　　） Do not hide things from them； do not lie.Don’t be afraid to say things that aren’t very flattering about yourself.Getting them to trust you is the most important element in any relationship.If there’s no trust， there’s nothing there.So please be honest and they’ll learn to open up to you. 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　Make sure you give them respect.Now respect isn’t just simply treating her or him nicely.There’s a lot more to it.You have to learn to adjust to their liking.6.（　　） Don’t just think about yourself； think about what your partner needs out of it as well. 　　 7. （　　） Always be willing to help them and give them positivity at the same time.Make them feel you are someone they can really depend on and build a future with.This is an important step in a relationship.Your partner has to be able to count on you when you are needed. 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　Make sure you have a good sense of humour with them.Laughter is the key to happiness.Laugh a lot with them； joke with them.Laughter may seem silly， but it’s the secret to a lot in life.It will keep the sparks alive.8.（　　） 　　Make sure the communication is good.This goes along with trust， but always communicate how you feel， even if it’s something that upsets you.Instead of screaming， talk to them.9.（　　） It’s important to communicate this to them， instead of keeping it bottled up. 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） A. Be an honest person with them. B. Show them your personality. C. Laughter keeps the relationship strong and lasting. D. Make sure you are encouraging to your partner. E. Don’t start to neglect them and make them feel unwanted. F. Basically， learn to study your partners’ moods， wants and needs. G. If they did something that made you unhappy， tell them about it in a respectful manner. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何与他人拥有一 段健康且长久的关系。 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何与他人拥有一 段健康且长久的关系。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 5. A　下文介绍的是要想与他人拥有一段健康且长久的关系，就不要 向对方撒谎，要以诚相待，A项（对他们要诚实）与下文内容一致， 符合语境。 6. F　根据空前后内容可知，本段内容告诉我们要尊重同伴，不要只 考虑自己，要学会适应他们的喜好，F项（总的来说，学会研究同伴 的情绪、需要和需求）能够承接上下文，符合语境。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 7. D　根据下文可知，本段内容告诉我们要带给同伴积极的能量，让 他们觉得我们是可以依赖的人，D项（确保你在鼓励你的同伴）能够 概括段落主旨，符合语境。 8. C　上文告诉我们要想与他人拥有一段健康且长久的关系，笑很重 要，C项（笑能让你们的关系更牢固、更持久）能够承接上文，进一 步阐述笑的重要性。 9. G　根据上文可知，本段内容告诉我们要与同伴进行良好的沟通， 即使是一些令你不快的事，也要与他们交谈，而不是尖叫，G项（如 果他们做了让你不开心的事情，请以一种尊重的方式告诉他们）能够 承接上文，继续讲述如何与同伴沟通。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） Ⅲ.完形填空 　　Julia Jarman’s family was upset when she was diagnosed （诊断） with cancer.But soon， her grandson Vigil made a plan to fill Jarman’s last days with an unforgettable  　10　. 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　When Vigil’s high school prom （舞会） was  　11　， his sister said， “Why don’t you just take Grandma to the prom？” Hearing his sister’s  　12　， the 17-year-old immediately remembered that Jarman had  　13　 been to a prom.But his school had a（n）  　14　 that students could only have partners under 20， so Vigil first  　15　 the principal of his school to ask him if he could bring his grandmother.Luckily， the principal gave him  　16　.Excited， the teenager asked his granny if she would like to  　17　 the first prom of her life， and she  　18　 the invitation. 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　 While other teenagers walked into the venue with girls of their  　19　， Vigil entered with his grandmother on his arm.At first， Vigil wasn’t sure how his schoolmates would  　20　 to watching him dance with Jarman.Later， he was  　21　 to see everyone welcomed her. 　　The DJ played Jarman’s favourite song.Vigil recalled the  　22　 moment， “She almost had me crying as she was singing it along with me while we were dancing.” 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　Vigil’s mother felt proud of him for putting in the  　23　 to please his grandmother.The teenager said，“My grandmother is my best friend； I just wanted to do something  　24　 for her.” 　　“That night was wonderful，” Jarman revealed. 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了高中生Vigil带他 的奶奶参加的校园舞会。 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了高中生Vigil带他 的奶奶参加的校园舞会。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 10. A. dream B. memory C. adventure D. performance 解析：　根据下文对Vigil带Jarman去参加舞会的描述可知，他 计划给自己的奶奶留下一个难忘的回忆。 11. A. behind the scenes B. in the way C. around the corner D. out of sight 解析：　根据下文Why don’t you just take Grandma to the prom？可知，Vigil学校的舞会即将来临。带奶奶去参加他的校园 舞会是他的妹妹给他提的建议。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 12. A. suggestion B. comment C. decision D. encouragement 解析：　参见上题解析。 13. A. never B. frequently C. sometimes D. once 解析：　根据下文the teenager asked his granny if ...prom of her life可知，Jarman从未参加过舞会。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 14. A. habit B. purpose C. order D. policy 解析：　根据下文students ...under 20可知，这是学校的规定。 15. A. begged B. contacted C. persuaded D. thanked 解析：　由于学校规定学生们只能带二十岁以下的舞伴，因此 Vigil先联系了学校校长，问他自己能不能带奶奶去参加舞会。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 16. A. information B. permission C. confirmation D. explanation 解析：　根据下文Vigil把奶奶带到舞会现场可知，校长批准了 他的请求。于是他询问奶奶是否愿意参加学校的舞会，奶奶接受 了他的邀请。 17. A. organize B. reserve C. observe D. attend 解析：　参见上题解析。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 18. A. declined B. accepted C. considered D. expected 解析：　参见第16题解析。 19. A. age B. height C. class D. family 解析：　根据上文的students could only have partners under 20可 知，其他学生都带着和自己年龄相仿的舞伴。 20. A. agree B. adapt C. react D. stick 解析：　起初Vigil内心有点忐忑，不知道他的同学看到他带着 自己的奶奶参加舞会作何反应。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 21. A. puzzled B. amused C. ashamed D. relieved 解析：　之后看到同学们都很欢迎奶奶，他松了口气。 22. A. hopeful B. ideal C. touching D. proud 解析：　根据下文的She almost had me crying可知，Vigil的奶奶 随着音乐一起唱这件事让他很受触动。 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 23. A. money B. effort C. belief D. trouble 解析：　根据语境可知，Vigil的妈妈看到他努力想办法让奶奶 开心，为他感到自豪。 24. A. special B. difficult C. regular D. familiar 解析：　根据语境可知，Vigil说：“奶奶是我最好的朋友，所 以我想为她做一些特别的事情。” 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） Ⅳ.读后续写 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构 成一篇完整的短文。 　　Isabel Moreno sat carefully putting papers into a folder.She had been at the Gateway Nature Center’s office all morning and was tired of filing.She wanted desperately to work with the animals.She had been a weekend volunteer that whole school year and had done extensive research， reading books and websites on natural history.But her mom， who was the assistant director of the center， said Isabel was still too young. 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　Suddenly， the quiet was broken by Amy Jensen bursting in.She had been a volunteer a bit longer than Isabel and wandered around like she owned the place.“Hurry up， Isabel，” she ordered.Isabel willed herself to remain still and just smiled back. 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　Just then， Isabel’s mother rushed into the room with Mr Garza， the custodian （管理员）.“The hurricane is now approaching the Gulf Shore Preserve，” Mrs Moreno reported.“It needs help preparing for it.I have to go down there with the staff.We’ll take the bridge， so we shouldn’t be gone long.I need you girls to help Mr Garza get the storm shutters （护窗） down in the aviary （鸟舍）.Then， stay inside with Mr Garza.Call me on my cellphone if there’re any problems，” Mrs Moreno directed as she rushed out.Isabel was excited to have an opportunity to help the birds. 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　Amy announced she was now “in charge”. Isabel smiled again， saying nothing.Mr Garza and the girls worked quickly and were soon back inside.But when Mr Garza called Isabel’s mother， a worried expression crossed his face.“A storm has flooded the bridge， and they’re stuck there.Also， the storm is heading our way，” he said.Amy was frightened.After silently considering for a few seconds， Isabel said calmly， “We should move the birds to the reptile house （爬行动物 馆）.It’s on higher ground.” Mr Garza and Amy nodded.They rushed out of the building.Once inside the aviary， Isabel watched Amy lunge （猛冲） from cage to cage. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 2. 请按如下格式作答。 　　Isabel told Amy not to jump around so much because the birds would be scared by her sudden movements. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　After several hours， the storm stopped， and Mrs Moreno was able to return to the center. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 参考范文： 　　Isabel told Amy not to jump around so much because the birds would be scared by her sudden movements.Amy calmed down， but she was shaking.Isabel asked Amy to just think about the birds.They carried each cage up to the reptile house.Some birds beat their wings when they felt the wind.Isabel spoke comfortingly to them， and they soon grew calmer.Amy watched in awe and tried to imitate Isabel.Finally， they finished relocating the birds and waited inside the reptile house for the storm to stop. 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　After several hours， the storm stopped， and Mrs Moreno was able to return to the center.She expressed concern that she’d left them alone for so long， but Mr Garza told her that Isabel’s cool thinking had saved the birds.Mrs Moreno looked at her daughter proudly.She asked Isabel how she could be so confident and courageous.Isabel said all she could think about was how scared the birds must have felt in their cages， and she just took charge.Isabel paused a second and added she felt proud of herself. 目录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） $