Unit 2 Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading-【优学精讲】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册教用Word(译林版)

Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading [1]Pupils’ lives spared① during Falmont earthquake 　　 By Raymond Tran 　　 18 March 　　[2]FALMONT—On 17 March， 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School escaped an earthquake that hit② the county at 2：27 p.m.Only 5 students suffered slight injuries， despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured③ in the disaster④ area at large⑤. 　　[1]英语报刊的新闻标题一般不用过去时态，通常采用现在时态，以达到使动词既传神达意又具有时间感的目的，这种用法被称作“新闻现在时”。 该标题省略了be动词are； 标题中的spared 是对新闻核心内容的提炼；后置的介词短语during Falmont earthquake点明事件发生的情境。 　　[2]句中that 引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an earthquake，that 在从句中作主语。 　　[3]Alice Brown， head teacher at Falmont Primary School， was teaching when the floor began to shake. Her students’ reaction⑥ was quick and correct — they moved under their desks， head first， and held on to⑦ the legs of the desks.[4]At the same time， Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door， in case⑧ it became damaged during the shaking and could not open.[5]There were loud crashes⑨ of glass breaking and things falling to the ground， but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly. 　　[3]本句为sb was doing ... when ...句型，表示“某人正在做……，这时（突然）……”，when用作并列连词，when后的分句用一般过去时。其中head teacher at Falmont Primary School作Alice Brown的同位语。 　　[4]句中in case引导目的状语从句，意为“以防，以免”。 　　[5]本句是but连接的并列句。前一个分句中of glass breaking and things falling to the ground是介词短语作后置定语；glass breaking和 things falling to the ground是动词-ing形式的复合结构。 　　[6]The moment the shaking stopped， Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape⑩. She signalled⑪to her students to exit⑫ the classroom in an orderly⑬ line covering their heads with their hands.Within one minute and twenty seconds， the whole class went down the stairs⑭ and rushed to the playground.Soon students from other classes arrived too.[7]After a roll call⑮ confirmed⑯ that all were safe and sound⑰， they relaxed， laughing， crying and hugging⑱ each other. 　　[6]名词短语The moment用作连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”；主句谓语动词sensed后接省略that的宾语从句；it was the best time for sb to do sth 表示“是某人做某事的最好时候”。 　　[7]句中After 引导时间状语从句，从句中含有一个that引导的宾语从句that all were safe and sound；主句谓语是relaxed，三个并列的动词-ing形式laughing， crying和 hugging作伴随状语。 　　“We practise earthquake safety procedures⑲ twice a year，” said Miss Brown，“so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake.” Girl saves 100 from tsunami⑳ 　　 By Jessie Cable 　　 21 December 　　[8]NEWDALE—On 20 December， a series of㉑ huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced㉒ across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead.[9]Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to survive the disaster without any loss of life.A 10-year-old girl， Sabrina Andron， helped around 100 people escape danger with her knowledge of tsunamis. 　　[8]过去分词短语caused by ...earthquake作后置定语，修饰名词短语a series of huge waves；left thousands dead是“leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。 　　[9]句中beach由the only修饰，故其后用动词不定式短语to survive ...of life作后置定语。 　　The day began like any other on Goldshore Beach.[10]People were walking， running or simply sitting on the sandy beach， enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their hair.Sabrina was one of the happy tourists until she noticed something odd㉓.[11]“The water was like the bubbles㉔ on the top of a beer，” she later explained.“It wasn’t calm and it wasn’t going in and then out.It was just coming in and in and in.” Sabrina had just learnt about tsunamis in a Geography lesson.[12] It immediately occurred to㉕ her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami㉖. 　　[10]本句用并列结构walking， running or simply sitting ...描写了平常的一天游客们在海边悠闲、舒适的状态，与下文中海啸来临前的不平常形成强烈对比；enjoying ...their hair 为动词-ing形式短语作伴随状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the soft wind。 　　[11]本句使用了明喻的修辞手法，将海水（water）的状态比喻成（like）啤酒表面的泡沫（the bubbles on the top of a beer），生动形象。 　　[12]It occurred to sb that ...表示“某人突然想到……”，其中，It 为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。 　　Sabrina was frightened， but she soon kept her head㉗.She warned her parents of the danger， though at first they just thought she was joking.[13]However， Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was on its way and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer.To her great relief㉘， the officer immediately realized the coming danger.The beach was rapidly cleared of㉙ people， just before the huge waves crashed into the coast. 　　[13]句中was certain that ...和kept asking ...是并列谓语；that a terrible disaster was on its way是that引导的宾语从句。 【读文清障】 ①spare [生义]vt. 使幸免；使逃脱 ②hit vi.& vt.攻击，袭击；打击，危害 n.打，击；受欢迎的人（或事物） ③injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害 injured adj.受伤的 injury n.伤害；损害 ④disaster n.灾难，灾害；彻底失败 disastrous adj.灾难性的 ⑤at large 整个，全部 ⑥reaction n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应 react vi.（对……）起反应，回应 ⑦hold on to 抓紧，不放开 hold on （接电话）请稍等 ⑧in case 以防；以防万一 in case of 如果；假使 ⑨crash n.碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃 vi.& vt.碰撞，撞击；崩溃 ⑩make one’s escape 逃生 have a narrow escape 死里逃生；九死一生 ⑪signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志 n.信号，暗号；标志；信号灯 ⑫exit vt.& vi.出去，离去，退场；退出 n.出口，通道；离开 entrance n.入口；通道；进入 the entrance/exit to ... ……的入口/出口 ⑬orderly adj.有秩序的，有条理的，整齐的 in an orderly line 井然有序；有秩序地排队 ⑭stair n.楼梯；梯级 upstairs adv.在楼上 downstairs adv.在楼下 ⑮roll n.名单；卷；一管；翻滚 vi.& vt.翻滚，滚动；翻身；卷起 roll call 点名 ⑯confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准 confirmation n.证实；确认书；证明书 ⑰safe and sound 安然无恙的 ⑱hug vt.拥抱，搂抱；抱紧 [同义]embrace vt.拥抱，抱 ⑲procedure n.程序，步骤，手续 safety procedures 安全程序 ⑳tsunami n.海啸 ㉑a series of 一系列 [同义]a range of ㉒race vt.& vi.赛跑；比赛；快速移动；快速运转 race across 急速横渡，急速穿越 ㉓odd adj.奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的 [同义]strange， unusual [反义]normal， regular ㉔bubble n.泡沫，泡，气泡 ㉕occur vi.发生，出现；存在于 occur to 被想到，浮现在脑中 it occurs to sb that ...某人突然意识到…… ㉖an approaching tsunami 一场即将到来的海啸 ㉗keep one’s head （在困境中）保持冷静 ㉘relief n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济 to one’s great relief 使某人大为宽慰的是 ㉙clear ...of sb 使某人离开 be cleared of 被清除；撤走；清空 clear up 清理；消除；（天气）放晴 【参考译文】 弗尔蒙特发生地震　小学生成功逃生 　　 雷蒙德·特兰 　　 3月18日 　　弗尔蒙特——3月17日下午2：27，一场地震袭击了弗尔蒙特县，弗尔蒙特小学476名学生和36名教师成功逃生。尽管目前整个灾区的伤亡数字是7人死亡，200多人受伤，但（在这所学校）只有5名学生受了轻伤。 　　弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯·布朗当时正在授课，突然地面开始晃动。她的学生们反应迅速、正确——他们头朝里， 爬到课桌下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。与此同时，布朗女士立刻打开教室门，以防门在震动中损坏打不开。尽管玻璃破碎和物体落地发出阵阵巨响，但是学生们仍然一动不动，沉着安静地等待着。 　　晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。她示意学生们抱着头，排好队，有序离开教室。1分20秒内，全班下楼梯，跑到了操场上。很快，其他班的学生也赶到了。点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。 　　“我们每年进行两次地震安全程序演练，”布朗女士说，“因此在地震时，孩子们都十分镇定，能够保护好自己。” 女孩拯救百人免遭海啸袭击 　　杰西·凯布尔 12月21日 　　纽代尔——12月20日，由海底地震引起的一排排巨浪急速冲过金海岸附近的海面，造成数千人死亡。金海岸海滩是当地唯一一个在此次灾难中没有任何人员损失的海滩。一个10岁的女孩，萨布丽娜·安德龙，利用自己掌握的海啸知识帮助大约100人脱险。 　　那天刚开始，金海岸海滩上与往常一样。人们在散步、晨跑，或者就是坐在沙滩上，享受着温暖的海边空气和拂过发际的微风。萨布丽娜是这些快乐的游客中的一个，直到她注意到了一些奇怪的现象。“海水像啤酒表面的泡沫一样，” 她后来解释说，“不平静，也没有潮来潮去。海水只是一个劲儿地涌过来，涌过来，再涌过来。”萨布丽娜刚在一节地理课上学习了有关海啸的知识。她立刻意识到这些是海啸来临的征兆。 　　 萨布丽娜吓坏了，不过她很快冷静下来。她提醒父母有危险，但一开始他们只当她是在开玩笑。不过，萨布丽娜确信，一场可怕的灾难正在逼近，于是便不停地让父母去和安全员谈一谈。使她大为宽慰的是，这名安全员立即意识到了即将到来的危险。就在巨浪拍岸的前一刻，海滩上的人迅速疏散一空。 第一步：析架构，理文本脉络 Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words. 第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫 Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer. 1.What did Miss Brown do when she found the floor began to shake？（　　） A. She waited calmly and quietly. B.She still taught in the classroom. C.She quickly opened the classroom door. D.She signalled to her students to exit the classroom. 2.Why could the kids protect themselves during the earthquake？（　　） A.The students of Falmont Primary School were brave. B.They practised earthquake safety procedures regularly. C.The classroom doors of Falmont Primary School were open. D.Alice Brown was the head teacher at Falmont Primary School. 3.How did Sabrina’s parents react when they heard her warning at first？（　　） A. They thought she was joking. B.They cleared the beach rapidly. C.They told the safety officer immediately. D.They immediately realized the coming danger. 4.What’s the right order according to the second passage？（　　） a.Sabrina’s parents didn’t believe her words. b.Sabrina’s parents talked to the safety officer. c.The beach was rapidly cleared of people by the safety officer. d.People were enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind happily. e.Sabrina noticed something unusual and told her parents. A.cdeba　　　　　　　 B.eabcd C.cbaed D.deabc 5.Which of the following can best describe Sabrina？（　　） A.Frank and brave. B.Wise and calm. C.Responsible and generous. D.Energetic and independent. 答案：1－5　CBADB 第三步：通词句，学语言表达 1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词 这两则新闻报道多次使用crash和escape，但在不同的句子中，其词性、词义也不尽相同。 （1）请从课文中找出使用crash的句子，指出它们的词性并背诵句子。 ①　There were loud crashes of glass breaking and things falling to the ground， but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly.（名词）　 ②　The beach was rapidly cleared of people， just before the huge waves crashed into the coast.（动词）　 （2）请从课文中找出使用escape的句子，指出它们的词性并背诵句子。 ①　On 17 March， 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School escaped an earthquake that hit the county at 2：27 p.m.（动词）　 ②　The moment the shaking stopped， Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.（名词）　 ③　A 10-year-old girl， Sabrina Andron， helped around 100 people escape danger with her knowledge of tsunamis.（动词）　 2.美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法 （1）明喻是通常用比喻词对两个不同的事物进行比较的一种常见的比喻类型，明喻直接表明本体和喻体的相似之处，喻体和本体的相似之处都是拥有“包容”的特点。常用的明喻标志词有 like、 as、 seem、 as ...as、 as if、 as though、 similar to等。 请从课文中找出一处使用明喻的句子。 　“The water was like the bubbles on the top of a beer，” she later explained.　 （2）场景描写：在描述场景时，使用视觉和听觉进行细节描述，能让读者有身临其境之感。 请从课文中找出一处场景描写的句子。 　People were walking， running or simply sitting on the sandy beach， enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their hair.　 Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释 injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害 【教材原句】　Only 5 students suffered slight injuries， despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large. 尽管目前整个灾区的伤亡数字是7人死亡，200多人受伤，但（在这所学校）只有5名学生受了轻伤。 【用法】 （1）injure one’s pride/feelings 伤害某人的自尊/情感 （2）injured adj. 受伤的，有伤的 be/get badly/seriously injured　严重受伤 the injured 受伤的人；伤员 （3）injury n. 伤；伤害；损伤 do an injury to sb＝do sb an injury伤害某人 【佳句】　Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 他们中三分之二的人在地震中死去或受伤。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Don’t do that.You will do yourself an 　injury　 （injure）. ②If you try to lift that heavy suitcase， you will do an injury 　to　 yourself. ③The 　injured　 （injure） were taken to the nearest hospital during the big fire. ④Because she 　was injured　 （injure） badly， she cannot go climbing with us as planned. 【写美】　用非谓语动词升级句④ ⑤　Injured badly　， she cannot go climbing with us as planned. reaction n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应 【教材原句】　Her students’ reaction was quick and correct—they moved under their desks， head first， and held on to the legs of the desks. 她的学生们反应迅速、正确——他们头朝里，爬到课桌下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。 【用法】 （1）reaction to　　　　对……的反应 （2）react vi. （对……）起反应；回应；（对食物等）有不良反应 react to 对……作出反应/回应 react on/upon 对……有影响 react with 与……发生化学反应 react against 反对；反抗 【佳句】　It’s your choice how you live your life — you choose how you react to situations and how people will affect your mood. 如何过你的生活是你的选择——你来选择你如何对情况作出反应以及人们将如何影响你的心情。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Iron reacts 　with　 water and air to produce rust. ②This produced a chain 　reaction　 （react）， which made it possible for life to develop. ③Children sometimes react 　against　 the things their parents believe in， which can bother the parents much. 【写美】　一句多译 ④你认为他会对你的建议作何反应？ →How do you think 　he will react to your suggestion　？（react） →What do you think 　his reaction to your suggestion will be　？（reaction） signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志 n.信号，暗号；标志；信号灯 【教材原句】　She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands. 她示意学生们抱着头，排好队，有序离开教室。 【用法】 （1）signal （to） sb to do sth 　示意某人做某事 signal sth to sb 向某人示意某事 signal （sb） that ... 示意（某人）…… （2）traffic signals 交通信号灯 a danger/warning signal 危险/警告信号 【佳句】　He signalled widely for help， but nobody noticed. 他拼命地发信号求助，但是没有人注意到。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①As soon as he sat down at the table， he signalled to the waiter 　to bring　 （bring） the menu. 【写美】　完成句子 ②In order not to be heard， she pointed her finger upwards to 　signal that someone was moving about upstairs　. 为了不让别人听见，她向上伸出手指示意有人在楼上走动。 confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准 【教材原句】　After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound， they relaxed， laughing， crying and hugging each other. 点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。 【用法】 （1）confirm that ...　　 证实……；确定…… confirm sb in sth 使某人确信某事 confirm one’s belief/determination 坚定某人的信念/决心 It has been confirmed that ... 已经确定…… （2）confirmation n. 证实；确认书；证明书 【佳句】　His new role could confirm him as one of the leading actors. 他的新角色会确保他跻身一流演员之列。 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It has confirmed me 　in　 my decision not to give up my studies. ②We are still awaiting 　confirmation　 （confirm） of the exact number of people injured. ③His support 　confirmed my determination　. 他的支持坚定了我的决心。 【写美】　翻译句子 ④已经确定会议将于下周召开。 　It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week.　 occur vi.（occurred， occurred； occurring）发生，出现；存在于 【教材原句】　It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. 她立刻意识到这些是海啸来临的征兆。 【用法】 occur to 　　 被想到，浮现在脑中 sth occurs to sb 某人突然想起某事 It occurs to/strikes/hits sb that ... 某人突然想起…… It occurs to sb to do sth 某人突然想起做某事 【佳句】　There were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work. 过去，在上下班的路上经常发生各种各样的悲剧。 【点津】　occur 没有被动语态，不用于进行时。occur作谓语时，主语不能是人。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①With an idea occurring 　to　 me， I stepped to my brother. ②He was unconscious and as I looked at his face， something 　occurred　 （occur） to me. ③It didn’t occur to her 　to ask　 （ask） for help. 【写美】　完成句子 ④　It occurred to/struck/hit her that　 she should adopt the homeless child. 她突然想到她应该收养这个无家可归的孩子。 relief n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济 【教材原句】　To her great relief， the officer immediately realized the coming danger. 使她大为宽慰的是，这名安全员立即意识到了即将到来的危险。 【用法】 （1）to one’s （great） relief使某人（深感）宽慰的是 with relief 如释重负；松了口气 sigh with relief 松了口气 disaster relief 赈灾物质 It is a relief to do sth 做某事是令人欣慰的 breathe a sigh of relief 如释重负地松了口气 What a relief！ 可轻松了！ （2）relieve vt. 减轻；缓解；消除；救济 relieve sb of sth 缓解/减轻某人的（痛苦、负担等）；解除……的职务 （3）relieved adj. 感到欣慰的 【佳句】　It was a relief to be able to talk to your parents about what your trouble was. 能和父母谈谈你的烦恼是一种解脱。 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He watched with 　relief　 （relieve） as the girl nodded. ②The officer involved 　was relieved　 （relieve） of his duties because he had violated strict guidelines. ③　To our great relief　， the children all arrived home safely. 使我们大为宽慰的是，孩子们都安全到家了。 ④Behind me I could hear other girls 　sigh with relief/breathe a sigh of relief　. 我能听到身后其他几个女孩都如释重负地松了口气。 【写美】　完成句子 His children all found a good job， 　which made him relieved　.（relieved） 使他感到宽慰的是，他的孩子都找到了好的工作。 inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知 【教材原句】　Remember to inform yourself of what is going on. 记得要了解事态的进展。 【用法】 （1）inform sb of/about sth 　　告知某人某事 inform sb that/where/how ... 通知某人…… keep sb informed of sth 使某人随时了解某事 （2）information n.[U]信息；资料 a piece of information 一则消息 【佳句】　We will inform you in writing if your application has been successful. 如果你的申请获得成功，我们将以书面形式通知你。 Keep me informed of any developments. 随时通知我进展情况。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The boss asked his secretary to keep him well 　informed　 （inform） of the programme’s progress. ②Besides， they often get some useful 　information　 （inform） from the Internet. ③He later informed me 　that　 I was “not athletic”. 【写美】　完成句子 ④I’m more than delighted 　to inform you of the good news　 that a short English film will be shown this weekend. 我非常高兴地告诉你这则好消息：本周末将放映一部英语短片。 Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构 句型公式：be doing ...when ...正在做……，这时（突然）…… 【教材原句】　Alice Brown， head teacher at Falmont Primary School， was teaching when the floor began to shake. 弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯·布朗当时正在授课，突然地面开始晃动。 【用法】 正要做……，这时…… （2）had （just） done ...when ... 　　　　　　　　　刚做完……，这时…… （3）hardly ...when ... 正要做……；这时…… 注意：上述句型中，when用作并列连词，相当于and at this/that time。 【品悟】　He had （just） finished his homework when his mother asked him to play the piano. 他刚做完作业，这时妈妈要求他弹钢琴。 【写美】　完成句子/一句多译 ①I 　was walking on the street when　 I suddenly saw an old man knocked down by a car. 我正走在街上，突然看到一位老人被一辆汽车撞倒了。 ②I 　had hardly fallen asleep when　 he called me. 我刚要入睡，他就打电话给我。 ③我正要出发，这时开始下起大雨来了。 →I 　was about to set out when　 it began to rain heavily. →I 　was on the point of setting out when　 it began to rain heavily. 句型公式：in case引导目的状语从句 【教材原句】　At the same time， Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door， in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. 与此同时，布朗女士立刻打开教室门，以防门在震动中损坏打不开。 【用法】 （1）in case常见的三种用法： ①用作连词，引导目的状语从句，意为“以防（发生某事）”； ②用作连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“如果，假使”； ③起副词作用，在句中作状语，可单独使用，意为“以防万一”。 （2）in case of 　　如果，假使（发生某事） in any case 无论如何，不管怎样 in this/that case 如果是这样/那样的话；在这种/那种情况下 as is often the case 这是常有的事 in no case 决不（置于句首时，句子用部分倒装） 【品悟】　In case he arrives before I get back， please ask him to wait.如果我回来前他就到了，请叫他等我。 I’m sure Henry will remember the time of the meeting， but why not give him a ring in case？我确信亨利会记得会议时间，但以防万一，为什么不给他打个电话呢？ 【写美】　完成句子/句式升级 ①You had better take an umbrella with you 　in case it rains　.　 你最好带把伞，以防下雨。 ②　In case you should need any help　， here’s my telephone number. 万一你需要帮助的话，这是我的电话号码。 ③He was late for school this morning， 　as is often the case　. 他今天上午上学迟到了，这是常有的事。 ④　In case of　 fire， ring the alarm bell. 如遇火警，即按警铃。 ⑤We should in no case do anything that goes against the law. →　In no case should we　 do anything that goes against the law.（部分倒装） 维度一：品句填词 根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1.With his legs injured， he found it difficult to climb up the stairs　. 2.It has been confirmed　 that the World Internet Conference will take place next week. 3.People began to wonder how long the terrible disaster　 would last. 4.The trapped hiker 　signalled　 （发信号） wildly for help but unfortunately nobody noticed. 5.Would you please 　inform　 （通知） me of your plan in advance， so I can make arrangements accordingly？ 6.When I was looking for the 　exit　 （出口）， I saw that shoes were actually sold downstairs on the ground floor， not the first floor. 7.A small plane 　crashed　 （坠毁） into a hillside five miles east of the city， killing all four people on board. 维度二：词形转换 用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1.Most of us volunteers breathed a sigh of 　relief　 （relieve） when the bus came to a stop. 2.He was surprised that his answer should have caused such a strong 　reaction　 （react）. 3.Two of passengers were killed and three were 　injured　 （injure）.That’s how lucky you had to be. 4.You should keep us 　informed　 （inform） whenever you are in trouble. 5.The wildfires， melting icebergs and rising sea level are all warnings about the 　destructive　 （destroy） impact of human activities on the fragile ecosystem. 6.It is assumed that nature involves an 　orderly　 （order） regulated system. 维度三：固定搭配和句式 根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。 1.杰克正在实验室里工作，这时突然停电了。（be doing ...when ...） Jack 　was working in the lab when　 the power cut occurred. 2.请留下电话号码，以防我们再次和你失去联系。（in case） Please leave your phone number 　in case we lose touch with you again　. 3.我们正盼望着那位专家来给我们演讲。（动词-ing形式的复合结构） We are looking forward to 　the expert’s coming to　 give a speech to us. 4.我们二十年没有见面了，但是我一见到他就认出他来了。（the moment引导时间状语从句） We hadn’t met each other for 20 years but I recognised him 　the moment I saw him　. 5.她不能把她的儿子单独留下，哪怕很短的时间。（leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语） She 　couldn’t leave her son alone　 even for a short time. 6.当我遇到麻烦时，他是唯一一个帮我很多忙的人。（the only＋名词＋to do ...） He was 　the only one to help me　 a lot when I was in trouble. 7.当我正要回家的时候，我突然想到要去参加一个会议。（occur to） 　It occurred to me that　 I had a meeting to attend when I was about to go home. 维度四：课文语法填空 阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 　　Several examples told us that it is important to grasp necessary knowledge about disaster prevention. 　　Alice Brown was teaching 1.　when　 the floor began to shake.Her students’ 2.　reaction　 （react） was quick and correct.At 3.　the　 same time， Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door， in case it 4.　was damaged　 （damage） during the shaking.The moment the shaking stopped， Miss Brown signalled to her students 5.　to exit　 （exit） the classroom in an 6.　orderly　 （order） line.All of them were safe and sound. 　　Sabrina Andron helped many people escape danger 7.　with　 her knowledge of tsunamis.She noticed something odd while 8.　walking　 （walk） along Goldshore Beach.It 9.　occurred　 （occur） to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.Her parents told this to a safety officer， who 10.　immediately　 （immediate） realized the coming danger.The beach was cleared of people just before the huge waves crashed into the coast. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2024·江苏徐州高一期中）Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind.From ancient Greece to the present day， countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes.Their attempts usually focused on searching for reliable forerunners of forthcoming quakes. 　　However， there are many reasons why predicting quakes is so hard.“We don’t understand some basic physics of earthquakes，” said Egill， a research professor at the California Institute of Technology.Scientists have also attempted to create mathematical models of movement， but precisely predicting earthquakes would require great mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust.Other challenges include a lack of data on the early warning signs， given that these warning signs are not yet entirely understood.Actually， real earthquake prediction is very similar to the diagnosis of potential human illnesses based on observing and analyzing each patient’s signs and symptoms.As it turns out， quake prediction is extremely difficult. 　　Many sources show that earthquake forecasting was a recognized science in ancient Greece.Ancient Greeks lived very close to nature and were able to detect unusual phenomena and forecast earthquakes.The first known forecast was made by Pherecydes of Syros about 2，500 years ago： He made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that usually very clean water had suddenly become muddy.Indeed， an earthquake occurred two days later， making Pherecydes famous.Nowadays， seismic （地震的） and remote-sensing methods are considered to have the greatest potential in terms of solving the earthquake prediction problem. 　　Currently， Terra Seismic， an earthquake forecasting company， can identify a forthcoming earthquake with a high level of confidence.Generally， Terra Seismic does not promise to predict a quake if the earthquake’s epicentre is located beyond a depth of 40km.Fortunately， such quakes are almost always harmless， since the quake’s energy reduces before reaching the Earth’s surface.“Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes，” Bruneau， an expert in earthquake engineering， said.“Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。地震预测是一种古老的技能。文章介绍了地震预测困难的原因以及地震预测的历史和方法等。 1.Why is earthquake forecasting so difficult？（　　） A.Some basic physics of earthquakes is unknown. B.Data on the early warning signs are not fully understood. C.Mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust are impossible. D.It is the same as the diagnosis of human illnesses. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句以及Egill所说的话可知，地震预测如此困难有很多原因，人们对地震的一些基本物理原理尚不清楚是其中之一。 2.Why does the author give the example of Pherecydes？（　　） A.To explain why Pherecydes was famous. B.To explain ancient Greeks lived very close to nature. C.To show earthquake forecasting is a science with a long history. D.To show remote-sensing methods are the best solution to earthquake prediction. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，许多资料显示，地震预测在古希腊是一门公认的科学，作者举费雷西德斯的例子是为了表明地震预测是一门历史悠久的科学。 3.What does Bruneau mean in Paragraph 4？（　　） A.Terra Seismic can predict an earthquake. B.Scientists have methods of predicting earthquakes. C.Some quakes are harmless if the quake’s energy is released. D.Scientists have no reliable way to predict an earthquake. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Bruneau所说的话可知，科学家们已经尝试了所有可能的方法来预测地震，但没有人能够作出可信的预测。由此推断，在第四段中布鲁诺的意思是科学家没有可靠的方法来预测地震。 4. What is the main idea of the passage？（　　） A.The reasons for earthquake forecasting. B.The history of earthquake forecasting. C.The methods of earthquake forecasting. D.The future of earthquake forecasting. 解析：C　主旨大意题。根据文章中心段，即第一段内容可知，地震预测是人类已知的最古老的技能之一；结合下文可知，本文主要介绍了地震预测的方法，包括地震预测困难的原因等。 B 　　Rivers are very important.Humans rely on them for food and water.But rivers can destroy things， too.They can flood， or rise over their banks， making the water run into the nearby land.Floods can also kill humans and wildlife.However， floods are not always bad.Some ecosystems need them every once in a while. 　　Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats.For example， a flood in India in 2012 killed many one-horned rhinos.Floodwaters can pick up dirt from riverbanks， which makes the water dirty.Too much dirt will clog rivers and streams， preventing the river from flowing.Sometimes floodwaters can carry pollution to the sea and harm marine life.In addition， floodwaters can carry disease， including hepatitis A and cholera. 　　However， not everything about floods is bad.Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems.Floodwaters carry nutrients to the nearby land.Over time， the water dries up and leaves behind particles （微粒） of dirt and mud.The particles are called sediment （沉淀物） which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow.Floods are important to some animals as well.For instance， some animals see floods as a sign that it is time to mate or migrate.Floods leave sediment on river beds where baby fish can grow and carry nutrients for small animals in the water to eat.Moreover， in dry seasons， water might dry up， but floods help refill the wetlands， keeping the ecosystem going. 　　Floods are a part of nature.They can destroy living things and the environment.But some ecosystems need floods to survive. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。洪水作为大自然的一部分，对生态系统既有坏处也有好处。 5.What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “clog” in Paragraph 2？（　　） A.Become. B.Pollute. C.Block. D.Develop. 解析：C　词义猜测题。根据第二段中Floodwaters can pick up dirt from riverbanks， which makes the water dirty.以及画线词后的preventing the river from flowing可知，洪水会沿途吸收泥土，而太多的泥土会堵塞河道，使河水无法流淌。由此可推测，画线词clog意为“堵塞”，与block意思相近。 6.How do floods help ecosystems？（　　） A.Nutrients carried by floods can make soil richer. B.Floods make all the animals migrate more easily. C.Tiny fish going with floods feed some animals. D.Floods can improve the dirt and help plants grow. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段第三至五句可知，洪水沿途所携带的营养物质可以使土壤更丰富，从而更好地改善生态系统。 7.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3？（　　） A.The way in which floods feed animals. B.The benefits of floods to ecosystems. C.An effective means of improving soil. D.The reason for people’s appreciating floods. 解析：B　段落大意题。根据第三段主旨句However， not everything about floods is bad.Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems.可知，第三段主要讲的是洪水对生态系统的好处。 8.What’s the best title for this article？（　　） A.Many Effects of Flooding B.The Secret of Flooding C.Floods： Everything Is So Bad D.Floods： A Part of Nature 解析：D　标题归纳题。文章前两段主要讲洪水对生态系统不利的方面，第三段主要讲洪水对生态系统的益处，最后一段总结全文，点明主题——洪水是大自然的一部分。因此，D项（洪水：大自然的一部分）为文章最佳标题。 C 　　For many of the servicemen and women who’ve bravely served in war zones， leaving the horrors of the battlefield behind isn’t as simple as just hanging up their uniforms when they get home. 　　Post-traumatic stress disorder （PTSD） includes a wide range of symptoms （症状）.When Tyler Skluzacek， son of military veteran （老兵） Patrick Skluzacek saw his father’s life unravel as the result of repeated disabling nightmares， he knew he had to do something about it. 　　In 2015， when Tyler， then a senior at Macalester College， learned of an upcoming computer programming “hackathon” event in Washington， DC focused on developing apps to help people like his dad， he was determined to participate. 　　Tyler and his team came up with the “anti-night-terror” smartwatch app’s model.The program identifies night-time disturbances by monitoring the wearer’s heart rate and movements.Before the nightmare can take hold， the app delivers a gentle intervention （similar to a comforting touch） to reset the wearer’s sleep pattern. 　　Adjusting the correct vibration （振动） level for the watch proved to be a challenge.It had to deliver “just enough stimulus （刺激） to pull them out of the deep REM cycle and allow the sleep to continue unaffected，” Tyler told NPR. 　　With his dad serving as a volunteer guinea pig， Tyler continued to improve his creation until it was pretty much perfect.Once the problems were worked out and the app was performing as intended， both father and son were floored by the immediate difference it made in Patrick’s life.“It was night and day when I put that watch on and it started working，” Patrick said.The vibrations worked like “little miracles”. 　　Tyler， now a graduate student in computer science at the University of Chicago， realized the potential for the “little miracles” he’d created to help other PTSD sufferers.To put his life-changing app into widespread distribution， he sold the rights to an investor. 　　The technology （marketed under the brand name NightWare）should be accessible with a doctor’s recommendation — transforming nightmares into sweeter dreams and bringing hard-earned rest to deserving military veterans everywhere — in the near future. 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。在校大学生发明了可以改善睡眠质量的APP，来帮助PTSD患者。 9.What does the underlined word “unravel” in Paragraph 2 mean？（　　） A.Continue. B.Collapse. C.Take a different direction. D.Become more complicated. 解析：B　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的as the result of repeated disabling nightmares， he knew he had to do something about it以及下文内容可知，Tyler的父亲睡眠不好，这导致他的生活变得混乱、崩溃。故画线词unravel与collapse意思相近。 10.How does the smartwatch app help its users？（　　） A.By making them sleep well. B.By driving them to exercise regularly. C.By helping them forget terrible experiences. D.By reporting their health conditions to doctors. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句和最后一句以及第五段中It ...allow the sleep to continue unaffected可知，smartwatch app帮助使用者有一个好的睡眠。 11.What contribution did Patrick make when Tyler developed the app？（　　） A.Convincing other veterans to participate in the research. B.Assisting in recording and analyzing research data. C.Providing financial support. D.Serving as a test subject. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第六段可知，在开发和测试这个应用程序时，Patrick担任了一个测试对象的角色。 12.What can we expect of Tyler’s invention in the future？（　　） A.It’ll reach consumers soon. B.It’ll be sold at a low price. C.It’ll be donated to PTSD patients. D.It’ll take the place of traditional watches. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，Tyler发明的应用技术将可以通过处方获得，很快会被投入市场。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　A debris flow （泥石流） is a kind of destructive geological disaster.July to August is the most frequent period of debris flows in China.13.（　　）， it can increase the probability of survival in an emergency. 　　Don’t overlook your surroundings while hiking.Pay attention to the surrounding environment and pay special attention to whether you hear thunder-like sound from the valley in the distance.If you hear it， you should raise the alarm.14.（　　）. 　　Don’t panic and escape in the direction of a debris flow.When meeting with a debris flow， stay calm.15.（　　）.If the path is perpendicular （垂直的） to the direction of the debris flow， climb to the hillside on both sides.The higher the better and the faster the better.It is absolutely not allowed to go downstream of the debris flow. 　　16.（　　）.When travelling by car meeting a debris flow， you should abandon the car and run away.If you hide in the car， it is easy to be buried in the car.In that case， you are at great risk. 　　Don’t think it’s safer in the area where the debris flow just happened.Sometimes the debris flow will happen intermittently （间歇地）.17.（　　）， you must be careful of another one on the road.You’d better take another way to find a safe route. A.Don’t try to stay in your car B.It is likely to be a sign of a debris flow C.Try to determine the safe path to escape D.Don’t drive a car for a trip in the mountain E.Stay calm and look at the map on your phone F.If you know some emergency knowledge about a debris flow G.If you are walking through the area where the debris flow just happened 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。有时候我们可能会遇到泥石流，这时候我们该怎么做呢？文章给出了一些建议。 13.F　根据空后的it can increase the probability of survival in an emergency及下文的叙述可知，F项（如果你了解一些紧急应对泥石流的知识）符合语境。 14.B　空前两句介绍，如果听见像雷的声音要提高警惕。B项（那很可能是泥石流即将到来的迹象）解释要提高警惕的原因，符合语境。B项中的It指代上文的thunder-like sound。 15.C　根据空后内容可知，此处是介绍遭遇泥石流时的逃跑路径。C项（尽可能确定安全的逃生路径）引起下文，符合语境。 16.A　根据空后内容，尤其是you should abandon the car and run away.If you hide in the car， it is easy to be buried in the car.可知，A项（不要试图待在车里）适合作为本段的中心句。 17.G　根据本段首句Don’t think it’s safer in the area where the debris flow just happened.及后半句you must be careful of another one on the road可知，G项（如果你正走过刚刚发生泥石流的地区）符合语境。 14 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $