Unit 1 Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading-【优学精讲】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册教用Word(译林版)

本讲义围绕“亚马孙雨林：大自然的宝藏”核心主题，系统梳理雨林生态重要性、生物多样性及人类活动影响等内容，通过“析架构-精读文-通词句”三步学习支架，涵盖文本结构分析、语言点解析（如倍数表达法、“介词+关系代词”定语从句）及词汇学习（否定前缀、固定搭配）。 该资料以新课标核心素养为导向，通过分层任务设计（如选择题、语法填空）培养思维品质，结合核心词汇句型解析提升语言能力，多样化练习促进学习能力。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后助力学生巩固知识，有效查漏补缺。

Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading The Amazon rainforest： a natural treasure 　　[1]Welcome to the jungle， a huge sea of① green alive with② the sounds of animals.This is the Amazon rainforest.[2]As the largest rainforest in the world， it plays a significant role in③ maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem④. 　　[1]句中a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals是名词the jungle的同位语。 　　[2]动词-ing形式短语maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem作介词in的宾语。 　　[3]The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries， including Brazil and Peru， and one overseas region⑤ of France， all on the South American continent⑥.[4]With an area of around 6 million⑦ square kilometres， the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.[5]The Amazon River， from which the rainforest gets its name， is close to 6，400 kilometres in length⑧— roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.On its journey from the mountains to the ocean， the river supports many different ecosystems.They give this area the richest biodiversity⑨ on the Earth： one in ten known species⑩ in the world can be found here. 　　[3]句中all on the South American continent是独立主格结构（代词＋介词短语），在句中作状语。 　　[4]句中With an area of around 6 million square kilometres是with复合结构作状语；more than half the size of China 是倍数表达法之一，其结构为“倍数＋the size of＋被比较的对象”。 　　[5]“介词（from）＋which”引导非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词The Amazon River。 　　[6]Of the 390，000 plant species known to us， more than 40，000 can be found in the Amazon.This tall and ancient brazil nut⑪ tree produces nuts that we can eat； these water lilies⑫ are big enough to lie down on.The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety⑬ of wildlife⑭.At the bottom， there is a system of roots beneath⑮ the ground.[7]Above that is the mass⑯ of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves.Then there are the towering⑰ ancient hardwoods⑱， and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground.Each level of the forest forms its own little world， home to different kinds of living⑲ things. 　　[6]句中known to us为动词-ed形式短语作后置定语，修饰名词短语the 390，000 plant species。 　　[7]本句是完全倒装句。表示地点、方位的介词短语Above that置于句首，句子用完全倒装结构。 　　More than 1，300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals⑳ hide among the jungle’s plant life.This jaguar㉑ is one example.It has a yellowish-brown coat with black spots.[8]While a significant number of jaguars survive㉒ here， they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.They feed on at least 87 species， including frogs.These frogs㉓， in turn㉔， feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.When a jaguar dies， a tiny army of microorganisms㉕ helps break down㉖ its body and return the nutrients㉗ to the earth. 　　The Amazon rainforest breathes life into㉘ the planet by fixing carbon㉙ and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen㉚.Thus， it is often known as the “lungs of the planet”.Moreover， the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine.Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable㉛ plants and animals： us.[9]Over the past 50 years， about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared㉜ due to㉝ human activities such as agriculture㉞ and cattle㉟ farming.[10]As the impact㊱ of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction㊲ becomes longer， we are left with a question： can we afford to damage㊳ the “lungs of the planet”？ 　　[8]While引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。 　　[9]本句时间状语为Over the past 50 years，是“over/in/during/for＋the past/last＋时间段”结构，主句用现在完成时。 　　[10]句中As意为“随着”，引导时间状语从句。 【读文清障】 ①a （huge） sea of 大量的，大片的 ②（be） alive with 充满，到处都是（活的或动的东西） ③play a significant role in 在……方面起着重要作用 ④ecosystem n.生态系统 　[助记] 前缀eco- （生态的，环境的）＋system （系统）→ecosystem 　ecology n.生态；生态学 　ecotourism n.生态旅游 　eco-friendly adj.环保的 ⑤overseas region 海外地区 　overseas adj.海外的，国外的 　adv.在海外，向国外 　region n.地区，区域；行政区 ⑥continent n.大陆，陆地，洲 ⑦million num.一百万；许多，大量 　millions of 数百万的 　billion num.十亿；数以十亿计 　billions of 数以十亿计的；数十亿；几十亿 ⑧length n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，（电影）片长 　in length 在长度上 ⑨biodiversity n.生物多样性 　[助记] 前缀bio- （生物的）＋diversity （多样性）→biodiversity 　biology n.生物学 　biologist n.生物学家 ⑩species n.（pl.species） 种，物种 ⑪nut n.坚果 　brazil nut 巴西坚果 ⑫lily n.百合（花） 　water lily 睡莲 ⑬variety n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 　various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的 　a variety of 各种各样的 ⑭wildlife n.野生动植物，野生生物 ⑮beneath prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上 ⑯mass n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj.大批的，广泛的 　masses of 大量的，许多的 ⑰towering adj.高大的，高耸的；出色的 　tower n.塔 v.高于，远远超过；高耸于；胜过 ⑱hardwood n.阔叶树；硬材（阔叶树的木材） ⑲living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的 n.生计，谋生；生活方式 　living things 生物 ⑳mammal n.哺乳动物 ㉑jaguar n.美洲豹，美洲虎 ㉒survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难 ㉓frog n.蛙，青蛙 ㉔in turn 相应地，转而；依次，轮流 　by turns 时而 ㉕microorganism n.微生物 　a tiny army of microorganisms 一小支微生物军队 ㉖break down 使分解（为），使变化（成） 　break up 打碎；垮掉；解散；结束；期终放假 ㉗nutrient n.营养素，营养物 ㉘breathe life into 给……带来起色，注入活力 　breathe in and breathe out 吸气和呼气 ㉙carbon n.碳 　carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 ㉚oxygen n.氧，氧气 　take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide 　吸入氧，呼出二氧化碳 ㉛irreplaceable adj.不能替代的 ㉜disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪 　disappearance n.消失；不见 　[反义]appear vi.出现→appearance n.出现 ㉝due to 由于，因为 　[同义]because of、 thanks to、 owing to、 as a result of、 on account of、 in consequence of/as a consequence of ㉞agriculture n.农业，农学 　agricultural adj.农业的，农学的 ㉟cattle n.牛 　cattle farming 养牛 ㊱impact n.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 　vi.& vt.有影响；冲击 　have an impact/influence/effect on　对……产生影响 ㊲extinction n.灭绝，绝种 　extinct adj.已灭绝的，绝种的；废除了的 　in danger of extinction 处于灭绝的危险之中 ㊳damage vt.& n.损害，伤害，损坏，破坏 　cause/do damage to 对……造成损害 【参考译文】 亚马孙雨林：大自然的宝藏 　　欢迎来到这片丛林，这是一片绿色的海洋，到处都可以听到动物发出的声音。这里是亚马孙雨林。作为世界上最大的雨林，它在维系地球生态系统的微妙平衡上扮演着举足轻重的角色。 　　亚马孙雨林穿过包括巴西、秘鲁在内的八个国家，以及一块法国的海外领地，都位于南美洲大陆。亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长接近6400千米，比长江还长约100千米。这条河从高山流向海洋，沿途维系着多种不同的生态系统。它们赋予这片区域地球上最丰富的生物多样性：全世界十分之一的已知物种，都可以在这里找到。 　　在人类已知的390000种植物物种中，在亚马孙可以找到40000多种。这棵高大、古老的巴西坚果树结出的坚果我们可以食用：这些睡莲（叶片）大到可以躺在上面。雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。在底部，有一个地表下的根系。往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。再往上一层由低矮的阔叶植物组成。然后是高耸、古老的阔叶树，最后是那些离地数米之高的大树的树冠。雨林的每一层都形成了自己的小世界，成为各种生物的家园。 　　1300多种鸟和400多种哺乳动物藏身于这片丛林的植被中。这只美洲豹就是个例子。它黄棕色的皮毛上遍布着黑点。尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链上的一个要素。它们捕食的物种至少有87种，其中包括青蛙。相应地，这些青蛙以昆虫为食，而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。美洲豹死后，一小支微生物军队会助力其尸体的分解，让营养素重回土壤之中。 亚马孙雨林通过固定碳，并产生超过全球总量20%的氧气，使得地球生生不息。因此，它也常常被称作“地球之肺”。此外，亚马孙雨林还是食用物种和药用物种的宝库。然而，这些无可取代的动植物面临的一个主要威胁就是：我们。在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，约17%的雨林已经消失了。随着人类活动的影响不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这就留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？ 第一步：析架构，理文本脉络 Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words. 第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫 Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer. 1.Which of the following statements about the Amazon rainforest is TRUE according to the passage？（　　） A.The Amazon rainforest plays an important part in keeping the balance of human and nature. B.The Amazon rainforest crosses into seven countries， including Brazil and Peru. C.The area of the Amazon rainforest is around 6 million square metres，more than half the size of China. D.The Amazon rainforest is named after the Amazon River，which is close to 6，400 kilometres in length. 2.What can be inferred from the third paragraph in the passage？（　　） A.There are only 390，000 species of plants on the Earth. B.Different species of plants in Amazon rainforest grow in different levels. C.At the bottom of the Amazon rainforest grow some bushes. D.The ancient brazil nut trees and the water lilies are living in the same level. 3.The author uses the example of “jaguars” in Paragraph 4 　　　　.（　　） A.to prove that some rare animals are still found in the rainforest B.to show that they are only one element of this rainforest’s food chain C.to explain how the food chain is formed D.to warn readers to protect the animals from being damaged in the rainforest 4.Why is the Amazon rainforest known as the “lungs of the planet”？（　　） A.Because it looks like a lung. B.Because there are many species of plants and animals there. C.Because it fixes carbon and produces over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen. D.Because the Amazon rainforest will disappear. 5.Which is the major danger to wildlife species in the Amazon rainforest？（　　） A.Agriculture.　　　　　 B.Cattle farming. C.Human activities. D.Carbon and oxygen. 6.What’s the style of the passage？（　　） A.An advertisement. B.A travel journal. C.An experiment report. D.A documentary script. 答案：1－6　DBBCCD 第三步：通词句，学语言表达 1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词 这篇课文中出现了一些带有否定前缀的词汇，请找出它们，并自己再写出一些。 Prefixes Words dis- 　disappear， disagree， disadvantage， dishonest， disabled， dissatisfied ...　 un- 　unbelievable， unlimited， unhappy， unknown， unusual， unreal ...　 in-/im-/il-/ir- 　irreplaceable， invisible， incorrect， imbalance， illegal， irregular ...　 non- 　non-smoking， non-stop， non-existent， non-profit， non-fiction ...　 2.美文欣赏——赏佳句，品用法 课文The Amazon rainforest： a natural treasure的语篇类型是纪录片脚本。纪录片脚本的语言作为电视语言中的一种，有其独特的风格。 （1）从人称和语气的角度看：作者大量使用第三人称，力求展现出真实的亚马孙雨林。但也少量使用了第一人称来拉近和读者的距离，引发读者共鸣。多使用陈述语气，有时也会使用疑问句，但其作用与其说是向读者提问，不如说是在引发读者的思考。例如，文章最后一段中的句子 　As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer， we are left with a question： can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？　。 （2）从语体风格来看：本文是阐释型纪录片，本质上属于说明文，内容科学、结构严谨、语言严密准确。例如，第二段中的句子　With an area of around 6 million square kilometres， the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.　，作者使用了列数字和作比较的说明方法，帮助读者对亚马孙雨林的面积留下具体而鲜明的印象。另一方面，该脚本也借用了一些修辞手法来使其语言形象贴切，提升艺术感染力。例如，最后一段中的句子　Thus， it is often known as the “lungs of the planet”.　，作者把亚马孙雨林比作“地球之肺”，使其重要性跃然纸上。 Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释 harm n.& vt.伤害，损害 【教材原句】　The human race has done much harm.人类已经造成了很多伤害。 【用法】 （1）do/cause sb/sth harm＝do/cause harm to sb/sth　　 对某人/某物造成危害/有害 there is no harm in doing sth＝it does no harm to do sth 做某事并无害处；不妨做某事 （2）harmful adj. 有害的 be harmful to ... 对……有害 （3）harmless adj. 无害的 be harmless to ... 对……无害 【佳句】　While the Sun’s rays can age and be harmful to our skin， they also give us beneficial vitamin D. 虽然太阳光线会使皮肤老化，对皮肤有害，但它们也给我们提供有益的维生素D。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①There is no harm in 　living　 （live） in that region for a long time. ②Staring at the screen is 　harmful　 （harm） to our eyes. 【写美】　一句多译 ③有些男孩对玩电脑游戏太痴迷，这对他们的健康非常有害。 →Some boys are too crazy about playing computer games， 　which does/causes great harm to their health　.（harm，定语从句） →Some boys are too crazy about playing computer games，　doing/causing great harm to their health　.（harm，分词短语作状语） variety n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 【教材原句】　The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. 雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。 【用法】 （1）a variety of＝varieties of 各种各样的；不同种类的 （2）vary v. 变化；使多样化 vary from ...to ... 由……到……不等；在……和……之间变动 vary with ... 随……而变动 vary in ... 在……方面不同/变化 （3）various adj. 各种不同的；各种各样的 【佳句】　Throughout the event， I was struck by an incredible variety of plants that exist in the world. 在整个活动过程中，我被世界上存在的各种各样的植物所震撼。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Opinions on this matter vary 　from　 person to person. ②They discussed 　various　 （vary） matters all over the world. ③As the world’s first national park， Yellowstone is famous for the 　variety　 （vary） of its wildlife. 【写美】　词汇升级 ④Our team， apart from regular training， will join in various activities. →Our team， apart from regular training， will join in 　a variety of/varieties of　 activities. in turn 相应地，转而；依次，轮流 【教材原句】　These frogs， in turn， feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit. 相应地，这些青蛙以昆虫为食，而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。 【用法】 （1）in one’s turn 　接着；轮到某人 by turns 轮流；交替地（多用来强调某一时期反复发生的动作） it’s one’s turn to do sth　轮到某人做某事了 （2）take turns to do/in doing sth 　轮流做某事 （3）It turns/turned out that ... 结果…… 【佳句】　Don’t be afraid of difficulties.They can help you accumulate experience， and experience can， in turn， broaden your horizons. 不要害怕困难。困难可以帮助你积累经验，经验转而又可以开阔你的视野。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①They had to take turns 　to look　 （look） after the patients. ②The two daughters looked after their sick mother 　by　 turns. ③I think it’s my turn 　to drive　 （drive） the kids to school this week. ④Now that we have finished the design， it is 　in　 their turn to construct. 【写美】　翻译句子 ⑤当轮到我时，我激动得说不出话来。 　When it is in my turn， I am too excited to speak.　 break down 使分解（为），使变化（成）；出故障；垮掉；失败，破坏 【教材原句】　When a jaguar dies， a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.美洲豹死后，一小支微生物军队会助力其尸体的分解，让营养素重回土壤之中。 【用法】 break in　　　　 强行进入；打断（谈话），插嘴 break into 闯入，破门而入 break out （战争、火灾、疾病等）爆发，突然发生 break up 解散；结束；期终放假；破碎 break through 突破；冲破；克服，战胜 break away （from） 逃脱；脱离 【佳句】　To understand the grammar of the sentence，you must break it down into parts. 为了明白句子的语法，你必须把它分解成（几个）部分。 【练透】　用break的相关短语填空 ①The business negotiation between the two sides 　broke down　 with no agreement reached. ②It is bad manners to 　break in　 when people are having conversation. ③I was still sleeping when the fire 　broke out　， and then it spread quickly. ④The little dog wanted to 　break away from　 its master but failed. 【写美】　翻译句子 ⑤如果你继续像那样工作的话，迟早会累垮的。 　You will break down sooner or later if you go on working like that.　 due to 由于，因为（只能作表语） 【教材原句】　Over the past 50 years， about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming. 在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，约17%的雨林已经消失了。 【用法】 （1）due adj.　　　由于，因为；应付的，应得的；适当的；预期的，到期的 be due to do sth 预期/预定要做某事 be due to sb 应付给/应给予/应归于某人 （2）表示“由于”的词组还有： because of 因为（只能作状语） thanks to 因为；幸亏（只能作状语） owing to 因为，由于（既可作状语，也可作表语） 【佳句】　In the beginning， it was quite difficult for me to read the musical notes due to my poor memory. 刚开始的时候，由于我记忆力不好，我很难读懂音符。 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Have they been paid the money that is due 　to　 them？ ②The professor is due 　to make　 （make） a speech this Friday. ③He had intended to return today， but he postponed the journey 　due to the horrible weather　. 他本打算今天返回，但由于糟糕的天气，他延迟了旅程。 【写美】　翻译句子 ④公共汽车本应下午五点到达的，但由于大雾，它晚了一个小时。 　The bus was due to arrive at 5 p.m.， but it arrived one hour late due to the heavy fog.　 damage vt.& n.损害，伤害，损坏，破坏 【教材原句】　As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer， we are left with a question： can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？ 随着人类活动的影响不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这就留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？ 【用法】 （1）be badly/seriously damaged 　　严重受损 be slightly damaged 轻微受损 （2）do/cause （great） damage to ...对……造成（很大的）损害 damage sb’s reputation/health 损害某人的名誉/健康 suffer damage 遭受损伤 【佳句】　The fire lasted over three weeks， causing a damage of at least twenty million dollars. 大火持续了三个多星期，造成至少两千万美元的损失。 【点津】　damage 指部分性“损坏，破坏”，一般可以修复；而destroy指彻底地“破坏，毁坏”，一般不能或很难修复。 【练透】　完成句子 ①I have a very strong fear that the lie we’re telling 　is doing/causing damage to our children　. 我有一种强烈的恐惧：我们正在说的谎言会对我们的孩子造成伤害。 ②Many people 　had their houses damaged　 in the earthquake. 许多人的房子在地震中遭受损坏。 ③My mother is right： 　Don’t damage your health　 for a slim and attractive figure. 我妈妈说得对：不要为了苗条动人的身材而毁了自己的健康。 【写美】　翻译句子 ④他不会做任何有可能损害她名誉的事情。 　He won’t do anything that may damage her reputation.　 Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构 句型公式：倍数表达法 【教材原句】　With an area of around 6 million square kilometres， the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. 亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。 【用法】 句中more than half the size of ...意为“比……一半还要大”，是一种倍数表达法。 （1）倍数表达法的常见结构： A＋be＋倍数＋ （2）此句型中倍数也可以用分数、百分数、half等其他程度状语来表达；表示“两倍”时用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”表达。 【品悟】　This river is three times the length of that one. 这条河是那条河的三倍长。 The people present at the meeting today are twice/double than those of last time. 今天到会的人员比上次多两倍。 【写美】　完成句子/一句多译 ①This bridge is 　five times the width of　 that one. 这座桥的宽度是那座桥的五倍。 ②The red ruler is 　four times longer than　 the yellow one. 红色的尺子比黄色的长四倍。 ③My school has expanded into a big one， which is 　three times as big as the previous one　. 我的学校已经扩建成了一所大学校，是以前的三倍大。 ④The length of the road is 　double/twice what it was three years ago　. 这条路的长度是三年前的两倍。 ⑤正在建的新体育馆将是操场的两倍大。 →The new stadium being built will be 　twice as big as　 the playground.（as） →The new stadium being built will be 　twice the size of　 the playground.（size） 句型公式：“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句 【教材原句】　The Amazon River， from which the rainforest gets its name， is close to 6，400 kilometres in length — roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. 亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长接近6400千米，比长江还长约100千米。 【用法】 （1）“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰物时，关系代词用which，修饰人时用whom，在从句中作定语时用whose。 （2）“介词＋which/whom”既可引导非限制性定语从句，也可引导限制性定语从句。介词的确定要遵循以下原则： ①根据定语从句中动词或形容词等的某种习惯搭配来确定； ②根据与先行词搭配的具体意义来确定； ③根据所表达的意思来确定； ④表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。 （3）基本形式： ①“介词（短语）＋关系代词”（作状语）：关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可与关系副词互换； ②“介词＋关系代词＋名词”（作状语）：关系代词常用which 和whose； ③“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”（作主语）：可转化为“whose＋名词”结构； ④“数词/形容词最高级＋of＋关系代词”（作主语）：数词还可以被some、 many、 most、 each等不定代词替换。 【品悟】　Lily might possibly come， in which case I’ll ask her.莉莉可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。 【写美】　完成句子/句式升级 ①This is the camera 　with which he often takes photos　. 这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。 ②We had bought an new map， 　without which we would have lost our way　. 我们买了一张新地图，要是没有它我们就会迷路。 ③I have about 10 books， 　half of which were written by Bing Xin　. 我大约有10本书，其中一半是冰心写的。 ④He has ten cousins， 　the youngest of whom is very clever　. 他有十个表兄弟，最小的那个很聪明。 ⑤I have actively attended English lectures， 　from which I have a good knowledge of　 British and American cultures. 我积极参加了英语讲座，从中我充分了解了英美文化。 ⑥The activity， 　the aim of which is to raise our awareness　 of environmental protection，appeals to a mass of volunteers. 这个旨在提高我们的环境保护意识的活动吸引了很多志愿者。 ⑦He has a lot of friends and most of them are businessmen. →He has a lot of friends， 　most of whom are businessmen　.（定语从句） 维度一：品句填词 根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1.He has returned to South Africa from his long overseas　 trip. 2.The old ginkgo tree has survived for millions　 of years. 3.We divide into pairs and each pair takes a region　. 4.Many of the hairpins are different varieties　 of plastic flowers. 5.The storm caused some 　damage　 （损坏） to some houses， but they were not destroyed. 6.As is known to all， humans take in 　oxygen　 （氧气） and breathe out carbon dioxide. 7.Now that you have 　masses　 （大量） of work to do， you don’t have to help me with the housework. 8.The rare mountain grass is said to be in danger of 　extinction　 （灭绝） in the near future. 9.The young singer remains a 　towering　 （出色的） figure in rock and roll. 10.A good way to protect 　species　 （物种）is to let them go back to forests and live freely. 维度二：词形转换 用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1.The polluted water from the factory is， of course， 　harmful　 （harm）. 2.The local government has taken measures to prevent the rare animals from 　extinction　 （extinct）. 3.He died six weeks later of a 　massive　 （mass） heart attack. 4.The Garden’s menu is based on Hawaiian 　regional　 （region） cuisine. 5.The police are investigating the 　disappearance　 （disappear） of key files on the killers. 6.This country is a traditional 　agricultural　 （agriculture）society， with a majority of farming population. 7.Nature mainly refers to 　living　 （live）things， including plants and animals in the wild. 8.At that time， people were divided geographically， leading to 　varieties　 （vary） of dialects and characters. 9.My bedroom is four meters in 　length　 （long） and three meters in width. 10.The plane crashed in an area of dense jungle.There were no 　survivors　 （survive）. 维度三：固定搭配和句式 根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。 1.由于有很多家庭作业要做，小男孩只好一整天都待在家里。（独立主格结构） 　Lots of homework to do　， the little boy had to stay at home all day. 2.这种塑料很难在短时间内分解。（break down） This kind of plastic 　is difficult to break down　 in a short time. 3.他把地址弄错了，为此他向我们道歉。（“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句） He got the address wrong， 　for which he apologised to us　. 4.山脚下坐落着一个小村庄。（完全倒装句） At the foot of the mountain 　lies a small village　. 5.尽管学生们来自不同的国家，但是他们在夏令营相处得非常好。（while引导让步状语从句） 　While the students came from different countries　， they got on quite well in the summer camp. 6.在过去的五到十年里，这些住宿加早餐的地方在一些地方很受欢迎。 （“介词＋the past/last＋时间段”与现在完成时连用） 　In the past five to ten years　， these bed-and-breakfast places 　have become　 popular in some places. 维度四：课文语法填空 阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 　　Covering more than half 1.　 the　 size of China， the Amazon rainforest， whose name 2.　 is got　 （get） from the Amazon River， plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem.3.　With　 the richest biodiversity on the Earth， the Amazon rainforest’s different levels are home to various living things， 4.providing　 （provide） food and shelter for an unbelievable variety of wildlife.There are more than 1，300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals 5.　living　 （live） in this forest.This jaguar is one example.When a jaguar dies， a tiny army of microorganisms helps break 6.　down　 its body and return the 7.　nutrients　 （nutrient） to the earth.Though 8.　 known　 （know） as the “lungs of the planet”， much of the Amazon rainforest is in danger of 9.　 disappearance/disappearing　 （disappear） and more species are dying out.We cannot afford 10.　 to damage　 （damage） the “lungs of the planet”. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　Douglas Thron’s love for animals began when he was a little kid.After he grew up， Thron worked as a photographer for shows like Discovery Channel’s Shark Week， filming the great white sharks off the coast of Santa Cruz， California.But Thron says it was the Paradise fire in California in 2018 that pushed him to do animal rescue work. 　　At the time， Thron was filming a man who was rescuing cats after the fire using a special camera.The camera uses heat to look for the animals at night.Thron and the man talked about how wonderful it would be to put one on a drone （无人机） to search for animals more easily.He explains that flying a drone over a big disaster gives you a real feel for how serious the disaster is.He adds， “You definitely get inspired to drop everything to help as much as possible.The feeling I get when I rescue an animal is an unbelievable feeling， so it just keeps me going.” 　　The first animal Thron ever rescued was a dog after a hurricane happened， which destroyed hundreds of houses.Thron tested out flying a drone and found the dog in the middle of where hundreds of houses had been destroyed.“I flew the drone over and I found him.Nobody claimed him after 30 days so I adopted him， and he’s a super wonderful dog，” he says. 　　Thron adds that he’s been going non-stop since then.His TV show Doug to the Rescue shows some of his heart-warming animal rescues， including those after Hurricane Laura in Louisiana in 2020 and after fires in Northern California and Oregon.Thron also helped rescue koalas after the horrible fires ravaged parts of Australia and burned down a number of houses in 2020， using drones for the first time there to help locate so many animals. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。道格拉斯·索恩从小就热爱动物，长大后，他开始从事动物救援工作。 1.Why did Douglas Thron film the great white sharks before 2018？（　　） A.He wanted to protect them. B.They were his favourite animals. C.It was part of his work. D.He did so to get close to nature. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段中After he grew up ...filming the great white sharks off the coast of Santa Cruz， California.可知，当时拍摄大白鲨是道格拉斯·索恩工作的一部分。 2.What is the key to finding an animal at night by using the special camera？（　　） A.The animal’s size. B.The animal’s loud noise. C.The animal’s living habit. D.The animal’s body temperature. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中The camera uses heat to look for the animals at night.可知，在晚上的时候，使用特殊的摄像机寻找动物靠的是它们散发出来的热量，所以动物的体温是夜晚救援工作的关键。 3.What can we know about the first animal that Douglas Thron ever rescued？（　　） A.It’s now living with Thron. B.It was claimed after being found. C.Thron found it through its barks in ruins. D.It’s helping Thron find other trapped animals. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第三段中Nobody claimed him after 30 days so I adopted him， and he’s a super wonderful dog可知，索恩收养了他救助的第一只狗。由此推断，他们现在生活在一起。 4.What does the underlined word “ravaged” in the last paragraph probably mean？（　　） A.Protected. B.Destroyed. C.Changed. D.Improved. 解析：B　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的burned down a number of houses可推断，应是可怕的大火摧毁了澳大利亚部分地区，ravage意为“毁坏，破坏”，与destroy的意思最接近。 B 　　In the past 30 years， the non-profit organization Friends of Trees planted trees along the streets of Portland， Oregon.Now， a new study shows that each tree planted is connected with great reductions in non-accidental and cardiovascular （心血管的） death. 　　Evidence pointing to a connection between exposure to nature and less death is obvious.Between 1990 and 2020， Friends of Trees planted 49，246 street trees.The research team looked at the number of trees planted in a given area in the past 5， 10 or 15 years.They connected this information with death due to cardiovascular， respiratory （呼吸的） or non-accidental causes in that same area， using data from the Oregon Health Authority.The results showed that in neighbourhoods in which more trees had been planted， death rates were lower.This negative connection was significant for cardiovascular and non-accidental death rates， particularly for males and people over the age of 65. 　　Furthermore， the connection got stronger as trees aged and grew： The reduction in death rates connected with trees planted 11－15 years before was double that observed with trees planted in the past 1－5 years.This means that older trees are connected with larger decreases in death and that protecting existing grown trees may be particularly important for public health. 　　This study doesn’t provide a direct opinion about how trees improve health.However， the finding that large trees have a greater health effect than smaller ones is obvious， because larger trees are better at absorbing air pollution， adjusting temperatures， and reducing noise. 　　“We observed the effect both in green and less green neighbourhoods， which suggests street tree planting benefits both，” says Geoffrey H.Donovan， first author of the study.“Besides， the benefits of tree planting is greatly more valuable than the cost.Our results provide important evidence for clear interventions （e.g.planting trees） to increase the lifetime of urban people，” adds Donovan. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在过去的三十年间，一个名为Friends of Trees的公益性组织种植了大量的行道树。一项新的研究表明，行道树与降低死亡率有关。 5.How long did Friends of Trees spend planting 49，246 street trees？（　　） A.About 5 years. B.About 10 years. C.About 15 years. D.About 30 years. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中Between 1990 and 2020， Friends of Trees planted 49，246 street trees.可知，Friends of Trees花了大约30年的时间种植了49246棵行道树。 6.What can we learn from the research？（　　） A.Women gain no benefit from trees. B.Trees can improve health in various ways. C.Older trees contribute more to public health. D.Trees grow well in green and less green communities. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句和第四段第二句可知，树龄较长的树木对公众健康的贡献更大。 7.What does Donovan mean in the last paragraph？（　　） A.We should get close to nature. B.We should protect older trees. C.We should plant more street trees. D.We should join the Friends of Trees. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段多诺万所说的话可知，种行道树成了延长城市居民寿命的有效方法，所以多诺万提倡种更多的行道树。 8.How does the author mainly develop the topic of the text？（　　） A.By listing numbers. B.By stating results. C.By describing processes. D.By making comparisons. 解析：B　推理判断题。文章第一段介绍一项新的研究表明，每种植一棵树，就能大大减少非意外死亡和因心血管疾病死亡的人数；结合第二段第一句、第三段第一句和第四段内容可推知，作者主要是通过陈述研究结果来展开文章主题的。 C 　　On 1 April 2021， 24-year-old Jibin Madhu packed a bag with a few clothes and other necessities and left his home in search of a job.But he was certain that a full-time job would never work for him as he wanted to explore new things.So， he decided to spend many days at different destinations， work somewhere for not more than a month， earn money and travel to another place. 　　“For as long as I can remember， I’ve been into travelling.Nearby hills， rivers and tourist places were the destinations at first，” says Jibin， a hotel management graduate.“But when I became a teenager， an all-India trip was always my dream.” 　　When finding jobs at different locations became a task and his wallet felt lighter， Jibin decided to start a food stall （摊位） on his bike.He had a kerosene stove （煤油炉） and a few utensils （器具） along with some rice.He bought some more things to serve noodles， bread and tea to travellers on his way.The kitchen was set up on the bike’s top box where water and kerosene were stored.Everything felt simple as he had previous experience in a kitchen. 　　In some areas， there were hardly any food stalls.Jibin began his business in these places and it was an immediate success.He earned 500－600 rupees per day from his two-wheeler food stall. 　　“More than the income from the stall， it was due to the kindness of people that I set out on my dream journey.While some offered me work， others provided me with a space to sleep.A man from Assam even gifted me a tent， as mine was broken in the middle，” he says. 　　While usual riders cover hundreds of kilometres a day， Jibin finds a destination and stays there for a few days getting to know its people and culture.This also helps him find small jobs too. 　　Jibin has plans to visit foreign countries on his two-wheeler.He is preparing himself and his bike for this big journey now.“Whatever happens， I’ll have my kerosene stove and utensils ready， which gives me the confidence of reaching my destination，” he says. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了青年Jibin骑车环游印度的故事。 9.What might Jibin have been interested in at 24？（　　） A.Having a cool bike. B.Finding a full-time job. C.Making a cross-country journey. D.Graduating in hotel management. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第一段可知，Jibin在24岁时决定边工作边旅行，结合第二段中的For as long as I can remember， I’ve been into travelling.和when I became a teenager， an all-India trip was always my dream可知，他在24岁时最可能对环游全国感兴趣。be into sth对某事物很有兴趣，非常喜欢某事物。 10.What can we learn about Jibin’s food stall？（　　） A.It had little competition. B.It sold packaged food. C.It was set up for locals. D.It made no money at first. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，在一些地区，几乎没有食品摊，即Jibin几乎没有竞争对手，因此他的生意立即取得了成功。本段中的rupee是印度的货币单位“卢比”。 11.What really impressed Jibin？（　　） A.The challenges he met. B.The views along the way. C.The friendliness of strangers. D.The food from different places. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第五段中Jibin所说的话可知，虽然食品摊的收入还可以，但更重要的是人们的友善才使得他踏上了梦想之旅。由此可推知，沿途陌生人的友善给他留下了深刻的印象。 12.What is the difference between Jibin and usual riders？（　　） A.He makes no preparations before a ride. B.He prefers experiencing local customs. C.He changes destinations halfway through. D.He likes riding without stops for a long time. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，通常的骑手每天要骑行几百公里，而Jibin找到一个目的地，就在那里待上几天，了解那里的人和文化，即Jibin更喜欢感受各地的风俗而不是长时间骑车。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Stop Bagging Leaves！ 　　Many animals depend on fallen leaves to survive.Although not directly related to leaves， a study shows North America has already lost 3 billion birds since 1970.13.（　　） Bagging leaves may cause birds to die. 　　Fallen leaves are nature’s way of renewing itself.14.（　　） Without the nutrients from decomposing （腐烂的） leaves， the grass in your garden requires chemical fertilizer （肥料）， which will run off into water sources and harm the environment. 　　When leaves are blown into the street， they flow down drains （下水道） and into rivers and streams.These water sources become blocked， and eventually， back up into streets.It will influence water quality in rivers and streams.15.（　　） 　　When leaves are bagged and sent to the landfill （废物填埋场）， they produce a greenhouse gas called methane （甲烷）， which will worsen the climate change problem.It’s important to note， however， that bagging leaves is not the problem — it’s what we do with the leaves that make the difference. 　　16.（　　） Cut the leaves into smaller pieces， allowing them to break down faster.Mix them into garden beds.If leaves are allowed to decompose and return to the soil， it can reduce the need for chemical fertilizer. 　　Try to practice environmentally friendly habits.Just by not bagging leaves， we can protect the natural habitats of lots of animals.17.（　　） A.You may forget to bag them. B.Birds feed on insects that live in fallen leaves. C.It will also harm animals that depend on the water sources. D.It won’t allow sunlight to reach the ground， and the grass will die. E.And it will cut down on all that time spent filling and pulling bags！ F.Leaves provide nutrients that enrich the soil for growing plants in spring. G.Experts have suggested some ways to maintain your yard， without bagging leaves. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。落叶是大自然自我更新的方式，为了保护环境，请不要随意把院子里的落叶装进袋子。 13.B　上文提到许多动物依靠落叶生存，下文提到把落叶装进袋子的行为可能会导致鸟类死亡，设空处应该与鸟类生存和落叶之间的关系有关。B项（鸟类以生活在落叶中的昆虫为食）与下文内容形成因果关系。bag此处作动词，意为“把……装进袋子”。 14.F　根据语境可知，设空处起承上启下作用，既解释落叶如何让大自然进行自我更新，又引出下文提到的没有落叶的后果。F项（落叶为春天生长的植物所需的土壤提供了养分）中的nutrients与下文中的nutrients为原词复现。 15.C　上文提到落叶会堵塞河流，影响水源的水质，C项与上句It will influence water quality in rivers and streams.形成并列关系，解释了落叶带来的负面影响，其中water sources呼应上文中的rivers and streams，It与上句中的It均指代上文提到的“水源被堵塞最终回流到街道”这一情况。 16.G　根据上文内容可知，作者认为把落叶装进袋子并不是问题，重要的是我们如何处理落叶；下文提到处理落叶的方法：切碎树叶让其快速分解、把树叶混入到花圃中。由此推断，本段旨在介绍不把落叶装进袋子也可以维持花园干净的方法，G项中的bagging leaves呼应上文中的bagging leaves。 17.E　作者在本段呼吁大家养成环保的习惯，并指出不把落叶装进袋子带来的好处。E项与上文中的protect the natural habitats of lots of animals形成并列关系，其中的bags呼应上文中的bagging。 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $