Unit 1 Section Ⅳ Writing about a literary work-【优学精讲】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册教用Word(外研版)

本高中英语讲义聚焦“文学作品写作”核心知识点，通过《道林·格雷的画像》范文解析，系统梳理文学作品概述、情节梳理、主题提炼的写作框架，结合写作手法分析（如从句使用、过渡语衔接）、出彩佳句积累及《百万英镑》写作任务，构建从输入到输出的学习支架。 该资料以语言能力培养为基础，通过分析范文的语法结构（如主语从句、非限制性定语从句）提升表达准确性，以思维品质发展为核心，引导学生通过审题谋篇、句间衔接构建逻辑清晰的文章结构。课中辅助教师开展文学分析与写作指导，课后借助词汇练习（情感、动作描写词汇）和范文参考，帮助学生查漏补缺，强化写作技能。

Section Ⅳ　Writing about a literary work Step 1　品教材课文 The Picture of Dorian Gray This book by Oscar Wilde tells the story of Dorian Gray， a very handsome young man who spends his life only concerned with his own pleasure， regardless of the suffering he brings to others. The story starts with young Dorian having his portrait painted.His friend Lord Wotton talks about beauty and pleasure being the only important things in life.Fascinated by his words， Dorian wishes he could remain young and good-looking always， with his portrait growing old instead of him. Soon afterwards， Dorian is surprised to find his wish has come true， after he meets Sybil， an innocent actress who falls in love with him.Dorian heartlessly abandons her just because she performs poorly one night.When he learns that Sybil has killed herself， Dorian finds his face in the painting has taken on a cruel look. He hides the painting away so that no one else may see it.For the next 18 years， Dorian engages in various evil deeds， even murdering the painter of the portrait.But he never feels guilty about the harm he is doing.His portrait ages and reveals his inner ugliness.One day， he suddenly comes to be fearful of his past crimes and wants to start a new life.But his portrait remains the same and reminds him of everything he has done.Feeling desperate， he tries to destroy the portrait with a knife， but it is he who is killed.His body is discovered， old and awful， while his portrait is young and handsome once again. In the story， what matters most to Dorian Gray is that he is good-looking， not that he has a good heart.He sacrifices his true self in pursuit of physical beauty and pleasure， which leads to his destruction in the end. Step 2　析写作手法 Para.1　General introduction 首段使用一般现在时对小说《多里安·格雷的画像》进行总体介绍；首句中的同位语和who引导的定语从句的使用使句子更简洁、明快。 Paras.2－4　Plot 本文第二段至第四段简单描述了小说的故事情节。第二段讲述了故事的起因，尾句使用过去分词短语作状语和with复合结构作状语，使表达非常简练。第三段讲述了故事的发展，本段共三句话，每句分别使用一个状语从句把整个段落连接了起来。第四段讲述了故事的结局，使用了For the next 18 years， But， One day等多种过渡语。其中，还使用了动词-ing短语Feeling desperate作原因状语，增强了文章的表达效果。这些过渡语的使用，使故事的叙述更加流畅、自然。 Para.5　Central themes 本段点明了这部小说的主题。本段共两句，首句使用了what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句，尾句使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句，使句子的表达非常地道、富有变化。 Step 3　背出彩佳句 1.I enjoy reading different kinds of books， but Harry Potter is my favourite one. 我喜欢读不同种类的书，但是《哈利·波特》是我最喜欢的一本书。 2.The fairy tales are my favourites， such as Grimm’s Fairy Tales， Anderson’s Fairy Tales and so on. 我最喜欢的是童话故事，比如《格林童话》《安徒生童话》等。 3.The story is very long but I am interested in it. 这个故事很长，但是我对它感兴趣。 4.In fact， the fiction is so meaningful that I can learn a lot from it. 事实上，这部小说非常有意义，我从中学到很多。 5.We are also astonished and convinced by his fertile imagination and scientific and geographical knowledge. 我们也对他丰富的想象力以及科学知识和地理知识感到惊讶和信服。 6.I think it’s the best book I’ve ever read. 我认为这是我读过的最好的书。 　　请写一篇短文，介绍小说《百万英镑》（The Million Pound Bank Note），内容包括： 1.作者：Mark Twain 2.语言风格：幽默、讽刺 3.故事梗概：伦敦的两位富家兄弟打赌，把一张无法兑现的百万支票借给落魄的美国穷人亨利·亚当斯，看他在一个月内如何收场。一个月的期限到了，亨利不仅没有饿死或被捕，反倒成了富翁，并且赢得了一位漂亮小姐的芳心。 4.主题：批判了拜金主义思想，揭示当时英国社会的荒谬。 参考词汇：拜金主义思想 money worship 一、审题谋篇，结构分明 第一段：简要介绍文学作品及作者； 第二段：详细介绍其故事背景、故事情节、人物角色等； 第三段：说明作品的主题。 二、要点陈述，语言规范 1.小说《百万英镑》是马克·吐温写的。 　The novel The Million Pound Bank Note was written by Mark Twain.　 2.他是一位伟大的美国作家。 　He is a great American writer.　 3.通过他幽默和讽刺的语言，马克·吐温成功地描绘了亨利·亚当斯，一个身无分文的美国人在伦敦的不可思议的冒险。（humorous， sarcastic， depict， penniless） 　Through his humorous and sarcastic language， Mark Twain successfully depicted an unbelievable adventure of Henry Adams， a penniless American in London.　 4.伦敦的两位富家兄弟在亨利身上下了赌注，他们想看看如果给他一张连一便士也兑换不了的百万英镑支票，一个月后他会怎么样。（have a bet on） 　Two rich brothers in London have a bet on Henry and want to see what will become of him a month later if they give him a million pound bank note which can’t be cashed for even a penny.　 5.一个月后，亨利既没有挨饿，也没有被捕。 　A month later， Henry is neither starved nor arrested.　 6.亨利戏剧性地成了一名百万富翁。（dramatically） 　Henry becomes a millionaire dramatically.　 7.他甚至赢得了一位漂亮女士的爱。 　He even wins the love of a pretty lady.　 8.这部小说一个明显的主题是对拜金主义的批判。（criticism） 　One obvious theme of the novel is the criticism of the money worship.　 9.在这个故事中，它也揭示了当时英国社会的荒谬。（ridiculous） 　In the story， it also reveals the ridiculous British society at that time.　 三、句间衔接，过渡自然 1.合并要点1和要点2。 　The novel The Million Pound Bank Note was written by Mark Twain， a great American writer.　 2.用并列连词连接要点5和要点6。 　A month later， Henry is neither starved nor arrested， but becomes a millionaire dramatically.　 四、检查誊写，卷面整洁 　The novel The Million Pound Bank Note was written by Mark Twain， a great American writer.Through his humorous and sarcastic language， Mark Twain successfully depicted an unbelievable adventure of Henry Adams， a penniless American in London.　 　Two rich brothers in London have a bet on Henry and want to see what will become of him a month later if they give him a million pound bank note which can’t be cashed for even a penny.A month later， Henry is neither starved nor arrested， but becomes a millionaire dramatically.What’s more， he even wins the love of a pretty lady.　 　One obvious theme of the novel is the criticism of the money worship.In the story， it also reveals the ridiculous British society at that time.　 情感描写 heartfelt adj.衷心的，诚挚的 compassion n.怜悯；同情 heartbreaking adj.令人悲伤的 expression n.表情；神色 intently adv.专心地；一心一意地 profound adj.（感情）强烈的，深切的 tenderness n.柔情 frightful adj.可怕的→fright n.惊吓，恐惧 动作描写 pretend v.假装，装作 overlook v.忽视，忽略 bother v.（使）苦恼 acknowledge v.承认（某事属实或某情况存在） exclaim v.（因惊讶、愤怒或兴奋而）呼喊，惊叫 repay v.报答 boost one’s confidence增加某人的信心 人物描写 self-critical adj.自我批评的，自我批判的 obsessive adj.痴迷的，迷恋的；过度的（含贬义） skinny adj.极瘦的，皮包骨的 monstrous adj.丑陋的；骇人的 timid adj.胆小的，胆怯的 coward n.胆小鬼；懦夫 loyal adj.忠贞的，忠实的，忠诚的 graceful adj.优美的，优雅的 　　请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成下面语段。 小女孩正在专心玩耍，这时一条狗跑了过来。她一看到那条狗就吓得大叫起来。那条狗对胆小的女孩来说就像怪物一样可怕。从她的表情中他能感受到她深深的恐惧，他试着安慰小女孩。他拥抱了小女孩，赶走了狗，温柔地擦掉她的眼泪。事实上，他只是假装不害怕。当女孩的母亲知道他所做的一切时，她大声说：“非常感谢！”她提出要报答他，但他拒绝了。 　The little girl was playing intently when a dog ran over.She cried out with fright at the sight of the dog.The dog was as frightful to the timid girl as a monster.Sensing the profound fright from her expressions，he tried to comfort the little girl.He hugged the girl，drove away the dog and wiped her tears with tenderness.In fact，he was just pretending not to fear.When the mother of the girl knew about what he had done，she exclaimed，“Thank you so much！” She offered to repay him，but he refused.　 Ⅰ.完形填空 　　In the fourth grade， I was 50 pounds heavier than any other classmates.Now I weigh 240 pounds.To avoid the 　1　of the big， stupid kid that everyone 　2　at， I determined to become 　3　and even graceful （优雅）.I made sure that I 　4　well in all the sports，I also became a part of a ballroom dance class and 　5　it throughout high school. 　　My father lost his 　6　on 11 September 2001， in the attack on the World Trade Center.It has been a 　7　16 months， but his death has given me a new 　8　on my size.Two days before he died， my father came into my room.We had a long 　9　， and he told me heaven had given me a great 　10　and that I should use it to my full 　11　.He told me that I should 　12　myself， and hold my head up high.That advice he gave me now comes back so vividly （栩栩如生） in my 　13　. 　　Looking forward， I know that my size will 　14　me to achieve many positive things.Every time I think of what my father has 　15　me， I pray I’ll “grow” to be half the man he was. 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者是个身材肥胖的学生，怕被别人嘲笑，他想成为运动型的人；但父亲告诉作者应该把肥胖看作自己的优点，这样可以做更多有意义的事情。作者回想起父亲的话，感触颇多，十分感谢父亲的鼓励。 1.A.opinion　　 B.impression C.expectation　　 D.faith 解析：B　根据常识可知，在人们的印象中，肥胖的、有点笨的孩子容易被人嘲笑。impression印象。 2.A.smiled　　 B.laughed C.looked　　 D.shouted 解析：B　参见上题解析。 3.A.athletic　　 B.heavy C.energetic　　 D.generous 解析：A　根据下文的in all the sports可知，作者决心变成一个运动型的人。athletic运动的。 4.A.ran　　 B.assumed C.maintained　　 D.played 解析：D　上文说作者要成为一个运动型的人，由此可知，此处表示作者要进行运动。play sports“做运动”，为固定搭配。 5.A.performed　　 B.replaced C.observed　　 D.followed 解析：D　根据下文throughout high school可知，作者参加了一个交际舞班，一直坚持到高中毕业。follow跟随，遵循。 6.A.farm　　 B.interest C.life　　 D.wife 解析：C　根据下文but his death可知，作者的父亲在9·11恐怖袭击事件中去世了。 7.A.sensitive　　 B.independent C.tough　　 D.passive 解析：C　根据上文可知，因为作者父亲在9·11恐怖袭击事件中去世了，所以这16个月对作者来说很艰难。tough艰难的。 8.A.angle　　 B.suggestion C.effect　　 D.light 解析：D　根据下文That advice he gave me now comes back so vividly可知，父亲生前对作者说的话让作者感触颇多，对作者有影响，所以父亲去世后作者对自己的体型有了新的认识。light （理解某人或某物的）方式，角度。 9.A.wait　　 B.way C.talk　　 D.run 解析：C　根据下文and he told me可知，作者和父亲曾经聊了很久。 10.A.source　　 B.gift C.soul　　 D.attempt 解析：B　根据下文that I should use it可知，作者的父亲认为肥胖是上天给作者的礼物，作者应该好好地使用它。 11.A.generosity　　 B.fortune C.potential　　 D.inspiration 解析：C　根据下文I know that my size will 　14　me to achieve many positive things可知，作者的父亲建议作者充分发挥自己的潜能，这样可以做更多积极的事情。potential潜能。 12.A.take care of　　 B.take hold of C.take part in　　 D.take pride in 解析：D　根据下文and hold my head up high可知，父亲让作者昂起头来。由此可知，父亲让作者以自己为骄傲。take pride in以……为骄傲。 13.A.memory　　 B.dream C.work　　 D.study 解析：A　上文提到作者的父亲在9·11恐怖袭击事件中去世，所以此处指作者父亲的建议在作者的记忆中历历在目。 14.A.advise　　 B.enable C.ask　　 D.invite 解析：B　根据下文achieve many positive things和上文描述可知，因为作者以自己的身材为骄傲，所以作者认为自己的身材可以让自己能够实现很多积极的事情。enable使能够。 15.A.warned　　 B.praised C.told　　 D.ordered 解析：C　根据倒数第二段内容可知，父亲的话给了作者鼓励，所以此处指作者想起父亲对他说的话。 Ⅱ.应用文写作 　　你班英语课上就使用手机中的美颜滤镜（beauty filter）进行了讨论。请你为班级英语角写一篇短文，记述这次讨论，内容包括： 　　1.讨论结果； 　　2.你的看法。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 参考范文： 　　In an English class discussion about the beauty filter function on smartphones， diverse opinions emerged among us. 　　Some argue that the beauty filter enhances one’s appearance and boosts one’s self-confidence.However， others think that excessive use of beauty filters can develop unrealistic beauty standards and distort people’s perception of their own natural beauty. 　　As far as I’m concerned， while beauty filters can be fun to use occasionally， it’s crucial to recognize that true beauty lies in embracing our distinctive features.By celebrating our individuality， we can cultivate a genuine sense of self-confidence that radiates from within. Ⅲ.读后续写 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 　　（2024·河北衡水英才高二上月考）A girl went to her mother and told her mother about her life and how things were so hard for her.She did not know how she was going to make it and wanted to give up.She was tired of fighting and struggling.It seemed that as one problem was solved， a new one arose. 　　Her mother took her to the kitchen.She filled three pots （锅） with water and placed each on a high fire.Soon the water came to the boil.She placed carrots into the first pot.Then she placed eggs into the second pot.Finally， she placed ground coffee beans into the last pot.She let them boil without saying a word. 　　In about twenty minutes， she turned off the burners.She took the carrots， the eggs and the coffee out with a scoop and placed each of them in a bowl.Turning to her daughter， the mother asked，“Tell me， what do you see？” “Carrots， eggs， and coffee，” the young woman replied.The mother brought her closer and asked her to feel the carrots.She did and noted that they were soft.The mother then asked her to take an egg and break it.After pulling off the shell， she observed the hard-boiled egg.Finally， the mother asked her to drink the coffee.The daughter smiled as she tasted it. 　　The daughter then asked，“What does it mean， Mom？” Her mother explained that these objects had faced the same adversity （逆境） — boiling water， but they reacted differently.The carrots had been hard.However， after being subjected to the boiling water， they softened and became weak.The eggs had been weak.Their thin outer shells had protected their liquid interior （内部）.But after sitting through the boiling water， their inside became hardened.The ground coffee beans were unique， however.After they were in the boiling water， they had changed the water.“Which are you？” the mother asked her daughter. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式作答。 　　The girl became silent and fell into thought.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　The girl changed completely from then on.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 参考范文： 　　The girl became silent and fell into thought.She asked herself，“When adversity knocks on my door， how do I respond？ Am I a carrot， an egg or a coffee bean？” She hesitated for a moment， and then had an answer in mind.She didn’t want to be the carrots that were easily defeated.She decided that she would learn from the eggs to have a hardened heart after experiencing hardship.More importantly， she was determined to become the coffee beans to change the hot water.She started to believe that she was able to overcome all the difficulties and finally got success. The girl changed completely from then on.She became strong and brave and didn’t give up easily.She began to face life with a positive attitude.No matter what problems she came across， she would always remember the lesson her mother had taught her.She knew that more difficulties would only make her stronger， and after having overcoming them， she could change them into something nice.Finally， after accepting many challenges， she was able to live the life she wanted. 8 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $