Unit 4 What is life Reading 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版(2020)选修第三册

高中英语译林版(2020)选修第三册课件 Unit 4 What is life? Reading Page 44-47 制作者：桂东一中　李宇平 ◆ 内容分析 【What】本板块包含两篇阅读文章。第一篇改编自《罗素自传》的序言《我为什么而活着》，英国哲学家、数学家和文学家伯特兰 • 罗素在其中介绍了他的三大人生激情：对爱的渴望、对知识的探索和对人类苦难的深切同情。第二篇文章介绍了罗素如何在这三种激情的帮助下实现其人生意义，以及他在文学、哲学、数学和社会活动等领域取得的重大成就。 【Why】本板块的两篇文章通过介绍罗素的人生激情以及他在人生路上的各种成就，旨在引导我们从作品的语言美和意蕴美中获得对人生意义的启示，树立正确的人生观和价值观，学会在自己的人生中追求志向高远的目标，成长为对社会有用的人才。 【How】本板块的两个文本互相关联，有机结合，整体服务于板块话题。第一篇自传序言兼具议论文的特点和散文的韵味，行文流畅，辞藻优美，情文并茂，富有哲理。作者首先开门见山地列出了自己的三大人生激情，然后分段描述了为什么寻求这些激情，最后在结尾重申这些激情对自己的意义。开篇的明喻、暗喻、夸张等写作手法使得作者笔下的三大人生激情形象生动，跃然纸上；文中的排比句、衔接句使得文章条理清晰、气势如虹，激发读者的阅读热情。作者还巧妙运用毕达哥拉斯的典故，使文章更富哲理性。 第二篇文章形象地刻画了罗素在追求人生激情时的种种表现和成就。第一段简介罗素在西方文哲领域的地位，并引出其自传序言中的三大人生激情。然后分段描述了这三大激情如何激励了罗素在学术和社会活动等方面为人类作出杰出贡献。文章最后再次说明罗素对于当下社会仍然具有重要的影响，并引用序言标题总结罗素的一生。 ◆ 教学目标 By the end of this section, we will be able to: 1. understand Russell’s lifelong passions and how he pursued them; 2. analyse the rhetorical devices used in the adapted excerpt; 3. use transition to write about the three most important things in our life; 4. figure out our own lifelong passions; 5. develop proper attitudes towards life. Throughout their lives, people devote themselves to the pursuit of different passions. The adapted excerpt and the article below are about Bertrand Russell’s lifelong passions. Before you read the adapted excerpt and the article, think about the following questions: Bertrand Russell /ˌbɜːtrənd ˈrʌsl/伯特兰·罗素（英国哲学家、数学家、文学家） 1) Do you know any people whose lifelong passions impress you? What are their passions? I have always been impressed by Zhong Nanshan’s lifelong passion. For years,he has been the leading specialist in respiratory diseases in China. We can see Zhong’s passion for researching respiratory diseases and finding cures for them during the outbreak of SARS in 2002 and 2003. re·spira·tory /rəˈspɪrətri/ 呼吸的 out·break (暴力、疾病等坏事的)爆发,突然发生 Under his guidance, an effective treatment method was discovered, which resulted in the lowest death rate and highest recovery rate for SARS in Guangdong Province. During the Covid-19 pandemic, Zhong was one of the leading advisors in dealing with the public health emergency, suggesting evidence-based measures to control the disease and sharing a successful treatment plan with the international community. For decades, Zhong has also educated others and even established a “Nanshan Class” to reform medical education and cultivate more medical talents. Doctor Zhong’s passion for what he does is shown clearly in his commitments to medical education and helping those affected by diseases. 2) What do you know about Bertrand Russell? I know that Bertrand Russell was a British philosopher and writer. He was also a mathematician who introduced one of the most famous set theory paradoxes(集合论悖论 ) known as Russell’s paradox(罗素悖论). Over the course of his long career, Russell made important contributions to a broad range of other subjects, including ethics,politics, and educational theory. I also know that Russell won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1950. set集；集合 set theory集论 What I Have Lived For? Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me in a wayward course, over a great ocean of anguish, reaching to the very edge of despair. 对爱情的渴望，对知识的追求，对人类苦难不可遏制的同情，这三种朴素但无比强烈的激情支配着我的一生。这些激情如同狂风，将我吹向一条颠簸不定的航程，穿越一片巨大的痛苦海洋，直至绝望的边缘。 govern控制,影响,支配;统治,控制,管理,治理 un·bear·able 难耐的,无法接受的,难以处理的,=intolerable course方针,行动方向;航向,航线 I have sought love, first, because it brings delight—delight so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it,next, because it relieves loneliness—that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold lifeless abyss. 我寻求爱情，首先是因为爱情带给我快乐——那快乐是如此强烈，以至于我常愿牺牲生命中的一切来换取几小时这样的欢愉。我寻求爱情，其次是因为爱情排遣孤独——在那可怕的孤独中，一缕颤抖的灵魂在世界尽头俯瞰那冰冷、死寂的深渊。 con·scious·ness清醒状态,知觉;觉察,感觉,意识;观念,看法 life·less死的,像是死的;无生命的,无生物生长的;枯燥的,单调的,缺乏生气的 I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen the vision of the glorious world that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what—at last—I have found.我寻求爱情，最后是因为在爱情的结合中，我看到圣贤和诗人们所想象的仙境的神秘缩影。这就是我所寻求的，虽然它对人生似乎过于美好，然而最终我还是得到了它。 vi·sion /ˈvɪʒn/ 憧憬;想象,幻象;梦幻,幻象,神示,异象;远见卓识 With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to understand the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.我以同样的激情寻求知识。我希望理解人类的心灵。我希望知道星星为何发光。并且我试图领会让数字支配万物流转的毕达哥拉斯之力。对此我略有收获，但所得尚浅。 Pythagorean /paɪˌθæɡəˈriːən/ adj. 毕达哥拉斯(学说)的 hold sway统治,支配 Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens.But always pity brought me back to earth. Cries of pain echo in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to defeat this evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.爱情与知识，迄今为止不遗余力地把我引上云霄，但同情心总将我带回尘世。痛苦的呼号在我心中回荡。忍饥挨饿的孩子、受到压迫者欺凌的人们、被子女视作累赘的无助老者，以及这满是孤独、贫困和痛苦的全世界，都是对人类应有生活的嘲讽。我渴望消除这罪恶，可惜无能为力，而我自己也深受其害。 heaven极乐之地；极乐 back/down to earth回到现实 bring sb (back) down to earth(使)从幻想中清醒过来,回到现实中来 This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me. 这就是我的一生。我觉得自己活得值得，若有机会，我很乐意再如此活一次。 Bertrand Russell: the pursuit of his passions British philosopher, mathematician and writer Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) has had a major influence on Western philosophy. His works, beautifully written with clarity of thought, are generally regarded as modern classics.他的著作文辞优美、思维清晰，是公认的现代经典。 In the prologue to his autobiography, entitled “What I Have Lived For”, Russell identifies the three passions that have governed his life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge and pity for the suffering of mankind. Russell regarded these passions as worthy beliefs and pursued them all his life. 在其自传的序言《我为什么而活着》中，罗素自陈一生被三种激情所支配：对爱的渴望，对知识的追求，以及对人类苦难的同情。他将这些激情视为有价值的信念，终其一生不懈追求。 worthy值得尊敬的,有价值的(但不太令人感兴趣或激动的) Russell’s first passion, the longing for love, played a powerful motivating role in his life.To Russell, love is an unbreakable combination of delight and well‑wishing. It is the ultimate emotional experience that people could share with each other. 罗素的第一种激情，即对爱的渴望，在他的一生中发挥着巨大的激励作用。对罗素而言，爱是快乐和祝福牢不可破的结合，是人们彼此间可以分享的终极的情感体验。 mo·tiv·ate推动…甘愿苦干,激励,激发;成为…的动机,是…的原因 un·break·able /ʌnˈbreɪkəbl/ 无法打破的,牢不可破的 Fully aware of the importance of love, Russell wrote in his autobiography, “After so many lonely years,I know what life and love may be. Now, if I sleep, I shall sleep fulfilled.” Russell’s acknowledgement of the importance of seeking knowledge at every opportunity, whether to better understand our fellow man or the world in which we live, comes as no surprise. 罗素深知爱的重要性，他在自传中写道：“走过漫长的孤独岁月，我参透了生命和爱可能是什么。倘若此刻我就此长眠，我将心满意足地睡去。” 罗素认为不论是为了更好地认识人类自身，还是我们生活的这个世界，竭尽所能地获取知识是很重要的。他的想法不足为奇。 ful·filled  /fʊlˈfɪld/ 感到满足的；觉得满意的；满足的 Widely acknowledged as an expert in many fields, Russell actively followed his second passion. His academic achievements are far too numerous to list,but he won the Nobel Prize in Literature, discovered Russell’s paradox leading to new thinking in logic and set theory, and was recognized as one of the founders of modern analytic philosophy. 作为在许多领域都广受认可的专家，他积极追随了他的第二种激情。罗素的学术成就实在是不胜枚举。他获得了诺贝尔文学奖，发现了罗素悖论，这一悖论引发了逻辑学和集合论领域的新思想。罗素还被认为是现代分析哲学的奠基人之一。 ana·lyt·ic/ˌænəˈlɪtɪk/ 分析的,分析型的;=analytical Human suffering is, unfortunately, universal, inevitable and inescapable, of which Russell was all too aware. Pity for the suffering of mankind became his third passion,which led him to dedicate much of his life to easing the pain of others through political and social activism. 不幸的是，人类的苦难普遍存在、不可避免且无处逃避，罗素对此了然于胸。对人类苦难的同情成为了他的第三种激情，使他将大半生都致力于通过政治和社会活动来减轻他人的痛苦。 in·escap·able /ˌɪnɪˈskeɪpəbl/ (现实或状况) 不可避免的,逃避不了的,不能忽视的,=unavoidable activism/ˈæktɪˌvɪzəm/行动主义；激进主义 He was a pacifist who spoke out against war. In 1955, he released the Russell‑Einstein Manifesto, which highlighted the dangers of nuclear weapons. He was also an active participant in improving the rights of women.他是一位公开反对战争的和平主义者。1955 年，他发表了《罗素—爱因斯坦宣言》，该宣言强调了核武器的危险。他还积极参与改善女性权益。 speak out against 挺身(反对某事物)；公开站出来(反对) mani·festo /ˌmænɪˈfestəʊ/ ( pl.-os)宣言 Russell is outstanding to the extent that his contributions and achievements still remain relevant to this day. There have been many attempts to sum up his remarkable life, but perhaps the best description of what was important to him comes from Russell himself in his prologue, “What I Have Lived For”.罗素是如此杰出，他的贡献和成就至今仍有价值。许多人试图总结他非凡的一生，然而，对他最看重的事情的最佳描述，也许就出自其本人的这篇序言——《我为什么而活着》。 to the extent that达到...的程度 relevant有价值的；有意义的 sum (sth.) up总结,概括,=summarize;估量,判断(某人或事物);简而言之 A.Understanding the text Page 46 What his passions are Whether he succeeded (in his own opinion) How he pursued them Longing for love 1. _______________ _________________ It played a powerful motivating role in his life. Search for knowledge He achieved a little. 2.______________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.________________________ He failed to defeat the evil and he too suffered. He spoke out against war, released the Russell‑Einstein Manifesto and helped improve the rights of women. He found love at last. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature, discovered Russell’s paradox, and was recognized as one of the founders of modern analytic philosophy. Pity for the suffering of mankind A2.Read the adapted excerpt and the article again carefully and answer the following questions. 1. Why has Russell sought love? 2. What evil does Russell long to defeat? Russell has sought love for three reasons: it brings delight, it relieves loneliness and he has seen the vision of the glorious world in the union of love. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty and pain. 3. What is love in Russell’s opinion? 4. Why was Russell’s paradox important? A3.In pairs, discuss the following questions. It is an unbreakable combination of delight and well-wishing. Because it led to new thinking in logic and set theory. 1. What rhetorical devices does Russell use when explaining his passions? What effects do they have? In the first paragraph, he uses a simile when he writes: “These passions, like great winds, have blown me in a wayward course.” The simile helps the reader visualize the powerful effect his passions have had on him and the fact that they have taken him on unexpected paths throughout his life. He uses exaggeration to describe his first passion: “... delight so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy”. This shows how strong he feels about love. He uses a metaphor when he says: “... that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold lifeless abyss”. He compares the feeling of loneliness to looking into a cold lifeless abyss, which implies that loneliness is dark, cold and never-ending. Russell uses an allusion,“... understand the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux” to show his passion for knowledge. From this we can see his love for mathematics and other fields of knowledge. When illustrating his pity for the suffering of mankind, he uses contrast: “Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth.” This shows the struggle he faced in his life: the joy he felt and the sorrow for those who could not experience the same. 2. Why does Russell say that love and knowledge led upward toward the heavens while pity brought him back to earth? He says this to express the joy he has received in his life from experiencing love and pursuing knowledge, which made him feel happy and fulfilled. Yet, at the same time, his love for people and his pity for the suffering of mankind made him feel miserable. This caused him to realize he could not always focus on the pursuit of love and knowledge but had to face the reality and fight for the rights of all people. mis·er·able /ˈmɪzrəbl/ 痛苦的,非常难受的,可怜的;使难受的,使不舒服的,令人不快的; 3. Do you have any lifelong passions? How do you plan to pursue them? Yes, I do. From a young age I have been passionate about writing. I hope one day I can become a well-known author. I received my first personal journal for my eighth birthday and since then, writing every day has become a habit for me. I am now in my last year of senior high school, and the desire of writing is still very strong.I have written short stories based on some of my life experiences. I often watch videos about how to improve my writing skills. I have also signed up for an online class given by a famous author. As I hope to turn my passion into my career, I am planning to work on the necessary degree and subjects at university. B. Building your language Page 47 B1.The passage below is about Lin Qiaozhi, a Chinese doctor who devoted her entire life to helping women and children. Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below. fellow emotional ease be recognized as outstanding founder sum up long to “As long as I live, wards are where I will work and taking care of the patients is what I will do.” These words are from Lin Qiaozhi, a(n) (1) ___________ Chinese doctor. She had no children of her own, but (2) ________________ the mother of tens of thousands of babies. During her long and distinguished career, she had delivered over 50,000 babies and is fondly remembered for her dedication to the welfare of her patients. 在她漫长而辉煌的职业生涯中，她成功接生了超过 5 万名婴儿，并因其对患者健康的无私奉献而深受人们怀念。 dis·tin·guished卓越的,杰出的,著名的;显得重要的,高贵的,有尊严的 de·liver 助产,接生 fond·ly 深情地,温情地,慈爱地; wel·fare  /ˈwelfeə(r)/ 幸福，安全与健康,=well-being outstanding was recognized as Lin Qiaozhi (3) _________ be a doctor from early childhood, when her mother died of cancer. However, an incident happened during her entrance exam administered by Peking Union Medical College (PUMC). While Lin was taking the exam, a(n) (4) ______ candidate fainted, and rather than continue with her own exam,Lin helped her. This compassionate act of putting the welfare of others before her own needs showed a feature of the way Lin lived her life. ad·min·is·ter /ədˈmɪnɪstə(r)/给予,提供;施行,执行 Peking Union Medical College北京协和医学院 longed to fellow Fortunately, the college admired her selflessness and admitted her. After graduating from PUMC with a medical degree,Lin became the first Chinese female doctor in Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) and later its first Chinese female director. Her medical career spanned over 50 years, during which she treated tens of thousands of patients, and she was one of the (5) ________ of modern Chinese gynaecology and obstetrics. span持续；贯穿 admit sb (to/into sth)准许…加入(俱乐部、组织);接收(入学) dir·ect·or(某一活动的)负责人;(公司部门的)主任,经理；(学院的)院长 founders Apart from her devotion to her medical career, Lin Qiaozhi’s caring attitude towards her patients also makes her truly celebrated. She treated all her patients equally without discrimination. In wartime, when PUMCH closed, Lin established a private clinic and treated poor patients at reduced fees.Believing in the importance of giving her patients (6) _________ support, Lin was always ready to comfort them. car·ing /ˈkeərɪŋ/ 乐于助人的,关心他人的,体贴人的 cele·brated /ˈselɪbreɪtɪd/ 著名的,闻名的,驰名的 emotional She much preferred close human contact, which she thought would (7) _____ the suffering of her patients.她更倾向于与患者进行密切的交流，她认为这样能减轻病人的痛苦。 In (8) ___________ Lin’s remarkable life, the Chinese writer Bing Xin said, “She was like a flame, a magnet. She lived a rich and full life serving the people.” 在总结林的非凡一生时，中国作家冰心这样评价道：“她就像一团火焰，像一块磁石。她过着充实而有意义的生活，为人民服务。” ease summing up B2.Bertrand Russell uses transition between paragraphs to unfold his three passions,which makes his ideas progress smoothly. Find the transitional sentences between paragraphs in the adapted excerpt and write about the three most important things in your life using transition. un·fold  /ʌnˈfəʊld/（使）逐渐展现；展示；透露 Transitional sentences in the adapted excerpt: With equal passion I have sought knowledge. Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Possible answer The three most important things in my life are my relationships, my health and my purpose in life. Above everything else, my relationships are the foundation on which my life is built. I feel fortunate to have family and friends who make my life richer. In a similar fashion, I hope to be the foundation for my family and friends now and in the future. in (a) similar fashion以此类推 in (a)... fashion以…方式 No matter how strong my foundation is, without good health, I cannot live a happy life. For the most part, I have control over my health as I make sure I eat healthily and exercise regularly to minimize the risk of illnesses and reduce stress levels. In this way, good health will help me achieve my goals and enjoy a happy life. With equal passion I have pursued my life’s purpose—my future career. To live a fulfilling life, I know I must choose a career that contributes to others’ success and happiness in some way, such as being a doctor. Without doubt, I know my purpose should be something that impacts the world in a positive way. Exploring language Page 72 A.Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below. emphasize relieve distinguished speak out against clarity illustrate academic make sense of 1. This programme aims to raise _________ standards at local universities. 该计划旨在提高当地大学的学术水平。 2. Exercise makes the body release chemicals that can _______ stress. academic relieve 3. He made his points with admirable ______. 4. Nothing could stop her from __________________ injustice. 5. He has read the poem a couple of times but still cannot ______________ it. 6. No one knows for sure what exactly made Emily Dickinson such a(n) ____________ poet. 7. Giving examples is a good way ___________ abstract ideas. 8. The educator ___________ the importance of hard work whenever he can. clarity speaking out against make sense of distinguished to illustrate emphasizes C.Translate the following sentences into English. Use the words and phrases in the brackets. Page 73 我从来没有真正掌握这门语言。(get to grips with sth) 2. 海明威在《老人与海》中写道：“一个人可以被毁灭，但不能被打败。”(defeat) I never really get to grips with this language. Hemingway wrote in The Old Man and the Sea, “A man can be destroyed but not defeated.” 3. 你应该把自己的时间花在更有意义的活动上。(worthwhile) 4. 我们计划将这项服务拓展到周边地区，使更多人受益。(extend) You should devote your time to activities that are more worthwhile. We plan to extend this service to surrounding areas to benefit more people. 5. 考虑到他的健康状况，他提前退休并不让人感到意外。(come as no surprise) 6. 这本杂志旨在深入分析值得关注的时事。(worthy of note) Considering his state of health, his early retirement came as no surprise. This magazine aims to analyse current affairs that are worthy of note in depth. in depth全面；深入；详细 7. 我们需要留出几分钟的时间来反思自己在白天所完成的事。(reflect upon) 8. 研究者们正努力确定这项技术能否应用于其他领域。(apply ... to) We need to set aside a few minutes to reflect upon what we have fulfilled during the daytime. Researchers are trying to determine whether this technology can be applied to other areas. D.Fill in the blanks with proper words or the correct forms of the words in the brackets. Page 73 Henry David Thoreau was an American naturalist, essayist and philosopher. In 1845,he moved into a forest cabin(小木屋) (1) _____(build) by himself. He lived there (2) ____ about two years and two months, planting beans, reading,writing and observing wildlife. Later, he recorded this experience in Walden(瓦尔登湖), a book (3) _________ (consist) of 18 essays. Henry David Thoreau/'θɔ:rəu/亨利·大卫·梭罗 nat·ur·al·ist /ˈnætʃrəlɪst/ 博物学家,自然主义者 es·say·ist /ˈeseɪɪst/ 论说文（或小品文等）作者 built for consisting Contemporary readers may be puzzled by Thoreau’s decision: (4) ____ would anyone want to cut themselves off from the modern world? Thoreau himself explained in Walden, “I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the (5) ________(essence) facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived.” 看看自己能否从中领悟到生活的真谛，而不是在临终时才意识到自己未曾真正活过。 cut sb/sth off (from sb/sth)切断…的去路(或来路),使…与外界隔绝 de·lib·er·ate·ly 不慌不忙地,小心翼翼地,从容不迫地;故意 a fact of life生活的(不快)现实 front面向/对,在…前面,朝,向 why essential In other words,by returning to nature, Thoreau wished to live a simple and self-sufficient life, without the needs for modern (6) ____________(convenience). In Walden, he embraced independence, self-reliance and (7) ________(close) to nature. When he lived in harmony with nature, he got a chance to (8) _____(true) think and to reflect on the meaning of life. self-sufficient (in sth)自给自足的；自立的 convenience[C]便利的事物（或设施）；方便的用具 self-reliance自立 conveniences closeness truly Relatively neglected in Thoreau’s time, Walden has been enjoying (9) _________(increase) popularity in modern times. In a world (10) ______ we are often driven by the desire for more material possessions, Thoreau’s advice about living a simple life is enlightening to us all. 在梭罗生活的那个时代，瓦尔登湖曾被相对忽视。然而，在当今时代，它却越来越受到人们的喜爱。在这样一个我们常常被对更多物质财富的渴望所驱使的世界里，梭罗关于过简单生活的建议对我们所有人来说都具有启发意义。 pos·ses·sion  /pəˈzeʃn/ 财产; 所有物 en·light·en  /ɪnˈlaɪtn/ 启发；开导；阐明 increasing where $