Unit 1 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas-【优学精讲】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册教用Word(外研版)

本高中英语讲义围绕人际冲突主题的书信文本，系统梳理情绪表达、建议沟通的语言策略，结合核心词汇（如let down, help out）和重点句型（形容词短语作状语、before引导从句），构建“文本理解-语言分析-思维拓展-应用练习”的学习支架。 该资料以真实书信情境提升语言能力，通过开放性问题（如分享类似经历）培养思维品质，核心词汇句型的分层练习（练透、写美）助力学习能力发展。课中辅助教师开展互动教学，课后帮助学生巩固语言知识，弥补理解盲点。

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas Absolute agony！ 　　Our Agony Aunt answers your questions. Dear Agony Aunt， 　　I’m in a total mess① here — [1]hope you can help me out②！ 　　[1]本句是祈使句。 　　I’m 17， and a member of our school basketball team.I’m crazy about③basketball， and pretty good at④it too， [2]which is probably why I was so mad when we lost our last match.We played well， but I felt the team were let down⑤ by one member， our point guard.The point guard is a key player， but it was like⑥ he wasn’t even on the court⑦！[3]Disappointed by his behaviour， I said all this to my best friend.I was just letting off steam⑧ really， [4]because I was so angry， but then my friend went and told everyone else [5]what I’d said. 　　[2]which 引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明前面的句子；该从句中why引导表语从句，when引导时间状语从句。 　　[3]过去分词短语作原因状语。 　　[4]because 引导原因状语从句。 　　[5]what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作said的宾语。 　　This is so totally awkward.I’m really angry with⑨ my friend — what should I say to him？And should I say anything at all to my teammate？ 　　Embarrassed and ashamed， I can’t concentrate on⑩ anything.Please help！ Ben Dear Ben， 　　There is an old American saying⑪，“Loose lips sink ships⑫.” This means [6]that if you speak too much about something， especially to people who you don’t know so well， it’ll cause all kinds of trouble. 　　[6]that引导宾语从句。从句也是主从复合句，其中if引导条件状语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people；it’ll cause all kinds of trouble 是主句。 　　The situation here is so much worse because the “loose lips” were your best friend’s.[7]Treated this way， you’re sure to feel hurt⑬— we should always be able to⑭ trust those [8]closest to us， and it hurts even more when we find we can’t. 　　But I have to say [9]that it’s partly your fault⑮， isn’t it？ You admit⑯ that you were “letting off steam”.It is understandable⑰ in that situation， but we should always think before we speak. 　　[7]过去分词短语作原因状语。 　　[8]形容词短语作后置定语，修饰those。 　　[9]that 引导宾语从句；isn’t it 为反意疑问句。 　　[10]Here’s what you need to do.First， apologise to⑱ your teammate.If you ever want to win any more basketball games （and I’m sure you do！）， you need to work together⑲， and that means communicating with each other clearly and resolving⑳ conflicts.So have a chat with㉑ your teammate.[11]Tell him directly㉒ and honestly㉓ that you were talking without thinking. 　　[10]完全倒装句。what引导的从句是句子的主语。 　　[11]祈使句。that引导宾语从句，作前面Tell的直接宾语。 　　Then， talk to your friend.Friendship should be one of the greatest things in the world， but sometimes it can be difficult.Again， your strategy㉔ is clear communication.Tell your friend you’re angry with him for repeating [12]what you said and [13]making the situation worse， but [14]that you want to move on㉕.[15]Approached㉖ in this way， your friendship will soon be repaired. 　　[12]what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作said的宾语。 　　[13]此处为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。worse是bad的比较级，此处作宾语补足语。 　　[14]that 引导宾语从句。 　　[15]过去分词短语作条件状语。 　　Thirdly， and perhaps most importantly㉗，think about your own behaviour.Don’t say too much when you’re angry！[16]Filled with anger， you tend to㉘ say [17]whatever comes to your mind.This gives people the wrong signal㉙.Take a deep breath㉚， calm down㉛， and always remember： think first， speak later.If you feel one of your teammates isn’t pulling their weight㉜， then raise your concerns㉝ in a professional way㉞ with your team coach. 　　If you think about㉟ other people’s feelings as well as㊱ your own， you’ll soon find everything works out㊲. 　　[16]Filled with anger是过去分词短语作状语，be filled with意为“充满着”，作定语或状语时通常省略be。 　　[17]whatever引导宾语从句，此处不可以改成no matter what。 Good luck！ Agony Aunt 【读文清障】 ①in a mess 一团糟 ②help sb out 帮某人一把 ③be crazy about 为……疯狂，对……着迷 ④be good at 擅长 ⑤let down 使失望，辜负 ⑥like prep.像…… ⑦on the court 在球场上 ⑧steam n.蒸汽，水蒸气 let off steam 发泄怒火，宣泄情绪 ⑨be angry with sb 对某人生气；对某人发火 ⑩concentrate on 集中注意力于 ⑪saying n.谚语 ⑫loose lips sink ships祸从口出 ⑬hurt adj.受伤的；受伤害的 be sure to feel hurt 一定会感到很受伤 be sure to 一定会 ⑭be able to 能够 ⑮fault n.责任，过错 ⑯admit v.承认 admit doing sth 承认做过某事 ⑰understandable adj.可以理解的 ⑱apologise to sb 向某人道歉 ⑲work together一起工作，一起共事 ⑳resolve v.解决（问题、困难） ㉑have a chat with sb和某人聊天 ㉒directly adv.直接地 ㉓honestly adv.诚实地，诚恳地 ㉔strategy n.计谋，策略；行动计划 ㉕move on 开始做别的事；换话题 ㉖approach v.着手处理；接近，靠近 ㉗most importantly 最重要的是 ㉘tend to倾向于 ㉙signal n.信号；暗号 ㉚breath n.一口气 take a deep breath深吸一口气 ㉛calm down 冷静下来 ㉜pull one’s weight 做好分内事，尽责 ㉝concern n.忧虑，担心 v.涉及；使关心，使担忧 ㉞in a professional way用专业的方式 ㉟think about 考虑，想到 ㊱as well as 如同，和……一样 ㊲work out 进展顺利，如期发生 【参考译文】 深陷痛苦！知心阿姨为你答疑解惑 尊敬的知心阿姨： 　　我这儿一团糟，希望您能帮我一把！ 　　我今年17岁，是学校篮球队的一员。我酷爱打篮球，打得也很好，也许正因如此，在我们队输掉了最近的比赛时我相当恼怒。我们打得不错，但我感觉整个团队都被一个队友拖累了，那就是我们的控球后卫。控球后卫是队里的关键球员，但他却好像不在场上似的！我对他的所作所为感到失望，就把这些全部告诉了我最好的朋友。我其实只是想发泄一下怒气，因为我太生气了，可我的朋友随后却把我的话告诉了所有人。 　　这太让人难堪了。我对朋友气恼不已，我应该对他说些什么？另外，我是否应该对我的队友说点什么？ 　　我既尴尬又羞愧，做什么事都无法集中精力。请您帮帮我吧！ 本 亲爱的本： 　　美国有一句老话：“祸从口出。”意思是说如果你对某件事谈论得过多，尤其是跟你不太了解的人谈论，会招来各种各样的麻烦。 　　你的情况更为糟糕，因为“口风不紧”的人是你最好的朋友。被这样对待，你一定觉得受到了伤害——我们应该一直能够信赖最亲近的人，当我们发现他们不能信赖时，就更伤心了。 　　不过我不得不说你也有一部分责任，不是吗？你承认了你“只是想发泄一下怒气”。这在当时的情况下可以理解，但我们在说话前应该先想清楚。 　　现在你应该这么做。第一步，向你的队友道歉。如果你们以后篮球比赛还想赢球（我肯定你们一定想赢！），你们就必须团结合作，这就意味着你们彼此之间必须沟通清楚，解决矛盾。所以，找你那位队友聊聊吧，直接诚恳地告诉他你当时的话没有经过认真考虑。 　　第二步，和你的朋友聊聊吧。友谊应该是世上最好的事物之一了，但有时也会有些麻烦。同样，你的策略是进行清楚明确的沟通。告诉你的朋友，他传话的行为让情况更糟糕了，你对此很生气，但你想让事情就此过去。通过这个方式处理，你们的友谊很快就会被修复。 　　第三步，也许是最重要的一点，你要反思自己的行为。生气的时候不要说太多话！满腔怒火的时候，你往往想到什么就说什么。这会给别人错误的信号。深呼吸，冷静下来，并时刻记住：先思而后言。如果你觉得某个队友没有尽职尽责，那你要以更专业的方式向教练提出你的担心。 　　如果你能在考虑自己感受的同时也考虑别人的感受，很快你就会发现情况将逐渐好转。 祝你好运！ 知心阿姨 第一步：析架构理清脉络 第二步：知细节明察秋毫 1.Why did Ben’s team lose the match？（　　） A.The members played badly. B.Ben is very fond of playing basketball. C.The point guard wasn’t on the court. D.The point guard didn’t perform well. 2.How did Ben let off steam when he was very angry？（　　） A.He told his best friend the bad performance of the point guard. B.He told everyone else his team lost the last match. C.He couldn’t concentrate on anything. D.He apologised to his teammate and had a chat with him. 3.What does “that” in the third sentence of Paragraph 4 in the second letter refer to？（　　） A.Winning any basketball game. B.Apologising to your teammate. C.Working together. D.Winning more basketball games. 4.What does Agony Aunt think of Ben’s behaviour？（　　） A.Favorable. B.Opposed. C.Understandable. D.Admirable. 5.What is the most important to Ben according to Agony Aunt？（　　） A.Thinking about his own behaviour. B.Making a clear communication. C.Saying his mind clearly in anger. D.Giving other people a correct signal. 6.What is the main purpose of the second letter？ （　　） A.To introduce how to repair friendship. B.To propose the column Agony Aunt. C.To give suggestions to Ben. D.To present some ways to resolve conflicts. 答案：1－6　DACCAC 第三步：品语言妙笔生辉 1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing the mood. 　（1）I’m crazy about basketball， and pretty good at it too， which is probably why I was so mad when we lost our last match.　 　（2）We played well，but I felt the team were let down by one member， our point guard.　 　（3）Disappointed by his behaviour， I said all this to my best friend.　 　（4）I was just letting off steam really， because I was so angry， but then my friend went and told everyone else what I’d said.　 　（5）Embarrassed and ashamed， I can’t concentrate on anything.　 2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences which show consideration before giving suggestions. 　（1）Treated this way， you’re sure to feel hurt — we should always be able to trust those closest to us， and it hurts even more when we find we can’t.　 　（2）It is understandable in that situation， but we should always think before we speak.　 3.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences containing quotes. 　（1）There is an old American saying， “Loose lips sink ships.”　 　（2）The situation here is so much worse because the “loose lips” were your best friend’s.　 　（3）You admit that you were “letting off steam”.　 第四步：拓思维品质提升 1.What’s your understanding of the saying “Loose lips sink ships.”？ 　If one speaks carelessly about private or sensitive information， someone could hear and use it to damage or ruin something important.　 2.Have you ever had a similar experience？Please share your own story with your classmates. 　Yes.I was once very angry with my deskmate for breaking my favourite cup by accident.I complained to my friend about it.Unfortunately， my friend told others my complaint， which made me very embarrassed.I realise that I shouldn’t say too much when I am angry.　 第五步：析难句表达升级 1.I was just letting off steam really， because I was so angry， but then my friend went and told everyone else what I’d said. 句式分析 because I was so angry为because引导的　原因状语　从句，what I’d said为what引导的　宾语　从句。 自主翻译 　我其实只是想发泄一下怒气，因为我太生气了，可我的朋友随后却把我的话告诉了所有人。　 2.If you ever want to win any more basketball games （and I’m sure you do！），you need to work together， and that means communicating with each other clearly and resolving conflicts. 句式分析 If you ever want to win any more basketball games为If引导的　条件状语　从句，communicating with each other clearly and resolving conflicts是由and连接的两个动词-ing短语作动词means的　宾语　。 自主翻译 　如果你们以后篮球比赛还想赢球（我肯定你们一定想赢！），你们就必须团结合作，这就意味着你们彼此之间必须沟通清楚，解决矛盾。　 3.Filled with anger， you tend to say whatever comes to your mind. 句式分析 Filled with anger为过去分词短语作　原因状语　，whatever comes to your mind为whatever引导的　宾语　从句。 自主翻译 　满腔怒火的时候，你往往想到什么就说什么。　 Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释 in a mess 杂乱不堪；陷入困境 【教材原句】　I’m in a total mess here — hope you can help me out！ 我这儿一团糟，希望您能帮我一把！ 【用法】 （1）make a mess of　　　　把……搞得一塌糊涂 get sb into a mess　　使某人陷入困境 a mess of　　许多，大量 （2）mess up　　搞乱；搞糟 mess around/about　　瞎闹；闲逛 （3）messy adj.　　凌乱的；脏的 a messy job　　一项脏的工作 【佳句】　We had hoped to go outing， but the weather made a mess of our plans. 我们本来希望去郊游，但天气把我们的计划搞砸了。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①It took me ages to get this right — I don’t want some idiots to mess it 　up　. ②She’d got herself into 　a　 mess， of which he was certain. ③As the work tends to be a bit 　messy　 （mess）， you’ll need to wear old clothes. 【写美】　补全句子 ④His mother was angry with him because his room was 　in a mess　. 他的妈妈很生他的气，因为他的房间杂乱不堪。 help out 帮一把 【教材原句】　I’m in a total mess here — hope you can help me out！ 我这儿一团糟，希望您能帮我一把！ 【用法】 （1）help sb with sth/in doing sth/（to） do sth帮助某人（做）某事 can’t help doing sth　　情不自禁地做某事 can’t help but do sth　　别无选择只好做某事 （2）with the help of　　在……的帮助下 be of help＝be helpful　　有帮助 【佳句】　They will remain in trouble if we don’t help them out. 如果我们不帮他们一把，他们将继续处于困境中。 【点津】　help out既可以作及物动词短语，也可以作不及物动词短语。作及物动词短语时，宾语若是代词，只能位于help与out之间。 【练透】　单句语法填空/补全句子 ①You can’t help 　wondering　 （wonder） how hard it was for the people then to put all those rocks into place. ②If you have some spare cash， time or goods， it is an opportunity to help others 　out　. ③Sometimes， we 　can’t help but face failure　 bravely and learn from it. 有时候，我们别无选择只好勇敢面对失败，并从中学习。 【写美】　一句多译 ④她在会上说的话对我有很大帮助。 →What she said at the meeting 　is of great help　 to me. →What she said at the meeting 　is very helpful　 to me. let down 使失望，辜负 【教材原句】　We played well， but I felt the team were let down by one member， our point guard. 我们打得不错，但我感觉整个团队都被一个队友拖累了，那就是我们的控球后卫。 【用法】 let alone　 　不干涉；不管；更不用说 let out　　放掉；发出（叫声等）；泄露（秘密等） let off　　使爆炸；允许离开；使免受处罚 let in　　放进，让……进来；容许；许可 let off steam　　发泄怒火，宣泄情绪 let go （of）　　放手，松手，放开；使自由 【佳句】　He said before the competition that he wouldn’t let off steam， but he let us down. 他在比赛前说过他不会发火，但他让我们失望了。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Don’t let go 　of　 my hand or we’ll get separated. ②There isn’t enough room for us， let 　alone　 any guests. ③“It’s awesome！” he let 　out　 a cry with excitement when his favourite player kicked a goal. 【写美】　补全句子 ④I’m sorry I 　let you down.Something went wrong， so I couldn’t meet you. 很抱歉我让你失望了。出了一些事，因此我没能去见你。　（道歉信） fault n.责任，过错 【教材原句】　But I have to say that it’s partly your fault， isn’t it？ 不过我不得不说你也有一部分责任，不是吗？ 【用法】 （1）find fault with 挑……的毛病，对……吹毛求疵 at fault　　　　　　　 　有责任，出毛病 it is one’s own fault　　那是某人自己的错 for all one’s faults　　尽管有这么多缺点 far outweigh one’s faults　　远远大于缺陷 （2）faulty adj. 不完美的；错误的；有缺陷的 【佳句】　He lost his job the other day， but it was his own fault for telling lies to the hotel manager. 前几天他丢了工作，但那是他自己向酒店经理撒谎的错。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The new software was 　faulty　 （fault）， causing data loss and delays in the project. ②We failed to explain that to the public and we are 　at　 fault in that. ③Dear students， I love all of you 　for　 all your faults. 【写美】　补全句子 ④I can’t 　find fault with　 the new restaurant： the food is good and the service is excellent. 我无法对那家新餐馆吹毛求疵：食品很好，服务也是一流的。 breath n.一口气；呼吸 【教材原句】　Take a deep breath， calm down， and always remember：think first， speak later. 深呼吸，冷静下来，并时刻记住：先思而后言。 【用法】 （1）take sb’s breath away　　　令人惊叹 hold sb’s breath　　屏息；屏气 take a deep breath　　深吸一口气 lose sb’s breath　　喘不过气来 （be） out of breath　　喘不过气来 （2）breathe v.　　呼吸；使喘息 breathe in/out　　吸气/呼气 （3）breathless adj.　　喘不过气来的 【佳句】　If you run too fast， you will lose your breath. 如果你跑得太快，你会喘不过气来。 【练透】　用breath的相关短语填空 ①Desperately trying to keep calm， he 　took a deep breath　 and let out a sigh. ②When the housemaid was about to let out her secret， all the family members 　held their breath　. ③My first view of the mountain from the air 　took my breath away　. 【写美】　补全句子 ④Ann ran all the way to school， 　out of breath/breathless　. 安一路跑到学校，上气不接下气。（动作描写） concern n.忧虑，担心 vt.涉及；使担忧；与……有关 【教材原句】　If you feel one of your teammates isn’t pulling their weight， then raise your concerns in a professional way with your team coach. 如果你觉得某个队友没有尽职尽责，那你要以更专业的方式向教练提出你的担心。 【用法】 （1）concern oneself about ...　　关心…… （2）express/show concern about/for ...对……表示关心/担心 raise concerns about ... 提出对……的担心 （3）concerned adj.　　担心的；关切的 be concerned about/for ...　　关心/担忧…… be concerned with/in ...　　与……有关 as/so far as ...be concerned　　就……而言 【佳句】　Concerned about your illness， we’d like to know how you are feeling at the present time. 我们担忧你的病情，想知道你目前感觉怎么样了。（慰问信） 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①My English teacher showed great concern 　about/for　 me and I felt very warm. ②At the meeting， they raised 　 concerns　 （concern） about wildlife protection. ③All the difficulties 　concerned　 （concern） with the project were solved one by one. 【写美】　补全句子 ④　As/So far as I’m concerned　， online learning is convenient and time-saving， allowing us to learn anytime and anywhere we like. 就我而言，网络学习方便省时，可以让我们随时随地学习。（发言稿） Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构 句型公式：形容词短语作原因状语 【教材原句】　Embarrassed and ashamed， I can’t concentrate on anything. 我既尴尬又羞愧，做什么事都无法集中精力。 【用法】 句中Embarrassed and ashamed为形容词短语作原因状语，说明主语的状态。 （1）形容词（短语）作状语，说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态，可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。 （2）形容词（短语）作状语时，常用来说明句子主语的状态，即和主语构成主系表结构。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。 【品悟】　Jack stared at the footprints， full of fear. 杰克盯着脚印，充满恐惧。 【写美】　微写作/句式升级 ①由于急于改进耕作条件，他们大面积地试种了这种新庄稼。 　Eager to improve　 farming conditions，they tried out this new crop on a large area. ②玛丽的父亲既惊讶又高兴，开始对他的妻子和女儿大喊大叫。 　Surprised and happy　， Mary’s father began to shout at his wife and daughter. 句型公式：before引导时间状语从句 【教材原句】　It is understandable in that situation， but we should always think before we speak. 这在当时的情况下可以理解，但我们在说话前应该先想清楚。 【用法】 before引导时间状语从句时，基本含义是“在……之前”，又可以根据不同语境灵活翻译成“还没来得及……就……”“……之后才……”“在……之前”“（不久）就……”“以免……”“趁着（还没有）……”。before常用于以下句型： （1）It will be＋时间段＋before ...（从句用一般现在时）　　　　　　要过……才…… （2）It won’t be＋时间段＋before ...（从句用一般现在时）　　过不了……就…… （3）It was not long before ...（从句用一般过去时）　　没过多久就…… （4）It was＋时间段＋before ...（从句用一般过去时）　　过了……时间才…… 【品悟】　It was three years before we met by accident in the street. It was not surprising that we had changed beyond recognition. 三年后我们在街上偶然相遇。我们变化很大，无法相认，这并不奇怪。 【写美】　语境辨义/微写作 ①He told me a helicopter was on the way， but it would be 30 minutes before it arrived. 　……之后才……　 ②Before I could say anything more， Holmes had rushed off towards the station. 　还没来得及……就……　 ③要过半年我才回来。 　It will be half a year before　 I come back. ④没过多久，他们就离开了自己的村庄。 　It wasn’t long before　 they left their village. ⑤过了很长一段时间我才认识到真相。 　It was a long time before　 I realised the truth. ⑥学生们要先完成作业才能回家。 The students 　won’t go home before　 they finish their homework. ⑦在你做决定之前，你最好征求一下你父母的意见。 You’d better ask your parents for advice 　before you make a decision　. 句型公式：whatever引导宾语从句 【教材原句】　Filled with anger， you tend to say whatever comes to your mind. 满腔怒火的时候，你往往想到什么就说什么。 【用法】 句中whatever comes to your mind为whatever引导的宾语从句，whatever相当于anything that。 （1）whatever可以引导名词性从句，还可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what。 （2）whatever/whoever/whichever这一类词既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句；而however/wherever/whenever一般只引导让步状语从句。 【品悟】　Whatever I do is none of your business. 我做什么都与你无关。 【写美】　微写作/一句多译 ①谁先爬到山顶，谁就会得奖。 　Whoever climbs to the top of the hill first　 will receive a prize. ②无论你做什么，你都不能违背自然规律。 →　Whatever you do　， you can’t go against the law of nature. →　No matter what you do　， you can’t go against the law of nature. 维度一：品句填词 1.If you continue to heat the water， it will boil and turn into 　steam　 （蒸汽）. 2.Don’t tell him your opinion because he has 　loose　 （说话随便的） lips. 3.In other words， 　resolving　 （解决） an argument cuts your negative feelings by half. 4.His 　strategy　 （策略） proved to be successful in dealing with the pollution. 5.After being educated by his father， Tom finally admitted his 　fault　 （过错） yesterday. 6.He is the guy whose name is on everyone’s lips　 at the moment. 7.As is known to all， traffic signals　 tell drivers and pedestrians when to stop and go. 8.With the ship sinking　 slowly， many passengers jumped into the water. 维度二：词形转换 1.We had great difficulty in 　breathing　 （breathe）， for the air was thin at the top of the hill. 2.　Concerned　 （concern） about the student， the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class. 3.I couldn’t remember his name while talking with him， which made me very 　embarrassed　 （embarrass）. 4.If the sensor is 　faulty　 （fault）， this temperature will usually be quite high. 5.Mum makes me clean up my 　messy　 （mess） room when she is cooking. 6.Adding fuel to the flames， of course it would make the situation 　worse　 （bad）. 7.We have to admit that we were wrong，and 　apologise　 （apology） to you for what happened. 维度三：固定搭配和句式 1.A swimmer can’t swim under water very long， because he must 　take a deep breath　 （深呼吸）. 2.He is a reliable person， and always willing to 　help his friends out　 （帮他的朋友们一把） when they are in trouble. 3.Bob has never 　pulled his weight　 （做好他的分内事）， and we all have to work harder to make up for his laziness. 4.Tom is determined to work hard this term， for he doesn’t want to 　let his parents down　 （让他的父母失望） again. 5.Many Internet companies encourage their workers to take exercise after work to 　let off steam　 （宣泄情绪）. 6.He had measured me 　before I could get in a word　 （我还没来得及插话）. 7.We will accept ultimate responsibility for 　whatever happens　 （发生的任何事情）. 8.I 　am crazy about　 （迷恋） popular songs.I have a large collection of albums. 维度四：课文语法填空 　　Ben， 17， is a member of the school basketball team.He is crazy 1.　about　 basketball and pretty good at it， but his team 2.　lost　 （lose） the last match.In Ben’s opinion， the point guard was 3.　to blame　 （blame）.4.　Disappointed　 （disappoint） by his behaviour， Ben told this to his best friend.However， his best friend told everyone else 5.　what　 he’d said.Ben didn’t know what to do， so he asked Agony Aunt for help. 　　As far as Agony Aunt 6.　is concerned　 （concern）， it is mainly his friend’s loose lips that make the situation worse.But it’s 7.　partly　 （part） Ben’s fault.She suggests that Ben should apologise to his teammate first.Secondly， Ben should talk to his friend and tell him that he is angry with him for 8.　repeating　 （repeat） what he said and making the situation worse， 9.　but　 that he wants to move on.Thirdly， Ben should think about his own behaviour and always remember：think first， speak later.If he feels one of his teammates isn’t pulling their 10.　weight　 （weigh）， then he should raise his concerns in a professional way with his team coach. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　Friendship is a beautiful relationship. While some friendships tend to come to an end as we grow in life， there are some rare and special ones that are meant to last forever. No matter how many years pass by， the connection stays alive. 　　Two childhood best friends who were “joined at the hip” as kids were reunited over a half century later — when they least expected it. 　　Irene Gresty and Janet Henderson were neighbours in the 1940s， growing up in England， but like many friends， they lost touch over the years. After getting married， Gresty moved with her husband who was in the navy and was shipped to many foreign places. However， Gresty， despite living in many countries， loved her own country. Gresty said， “I loved the area where I grew up， so I wanted to settle down to enjoy retirement （退休）.” Thanks to an event hosted by Bield Housing and Care， a non-profit organization devoted to supporting residents over 55 years old， finally they met each other. Gresty said， “We sat down beside each other and she turned to me and said ‘Is that you Irene？’ and I just laughed and said ‘Yes. Are you Janet？’” They couldn’t believe that they were meeting each other after so long. They spent the rest of the afternoon talking to each other. 　　Henderson said that it is usual in life for people to often move away from the area and lose contact. As their family names changed， Henderson couldn’t recognize her friend’s name despite being told about her. The two have promised to never stay long without seeing each other. They exchanged numbers so they could meet in the future. They have many years to catch up on everything they have missed. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Gresty和Henderson两人从小是好朋友，由于某种原因，两人失去了联系，但是半个世纪后两人重聚了。 1.What does the underlined part “joined at the hip” in Paragraph 2 probably mean？（　　） A.Grow fast.　　　　　 B.Work hard. C.Hang around.　 D.Stay together. 解析：D　词义猜测题。根据画线短语所在句子可知，半个世纪后两人重聚了，这说明两个人在小时候就是朋友，即两人小时候就待在一起。由此可知，画线短语joined at the hip意为“待在一起”。 2.What made Gresty return to England？（　　） A.Her friends’ invitation. B.Her husband’s new job. C.Her interest in traveling. D.Her love for her hometown. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的Gresty said， “I loved the area where I grew up ...to enjoy retirement （退休）.”可知，Gresty对家乡的热爱使她回到英格兰。 3.Which of the following best describes Gresty and Henderson’s reunion？（　　） A.Unexpected.　 B.Resultless. C.Long-planned.　 D.Well-organized. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的Thanks to an event hosted ...each other after so long.可推知，Gresty和Henderson的重聚是出乎意料的。 4.What did Gresty and Henderson promise to do next？（　　） A.Keep in touch.　 B.Travel abroad. C.Post their stories.　 D.Make more friends. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的The two have promised ...they have missed.可推知，Gresty和Henderson承诺接下来两人会保持联系。 B 　　When you are a kid， gaining a best friend forever can happen in a single play date. But when you grow up to be an adult， making and maintaining friendships gets harder. So how much quality time （优质时光） do you need before that stranger becomes your friend？ A study recently found that， on average， it takes about 50 hours with someone before you consider them a casual （感情不深的） friend， about 90 hours before you become real friends， and about 200 hours to become close friends. 　　The study’s author Jeffrey Hall， a communications professor， invited adults who are eager to make friends to take part in two experiments — people who had just moved to a new city in the past six months and college freshmen. He asked them to rate and track the degree of closeness and time spent together with a new person. “Results suggest that the chance of changing from casual friend to real friend is greater than 50％ after around 80－100 hours together，” said Hall. 　　The study found that the amount of time spent talking together， or the fact that you spent time at school or work with them， was unrelated to friendship closeness. “It is really easy to spend a lot of time with people as they are routinely in the same place at the same time as you，” Hall said. “However， my study shows you can have workmates you spend hundreds and hundreds of hours with and still not develop a friendship.” 　　You do not need to become best friends with your workmates to develop meaningful relationships with them. But for those of us hoping to change from “girl who I eat lunch at work with” to “friend I can depend on”， Hall suggests that you need to take the relationship out of the workplace for it to become a friendship. The participants who did activities outside of work with someone， such as being invited to have lunch in their home， were more likely to develop deeper relationships with them. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们一个成年人需要多长时间才能交到一个新朋友，并且建议要想发展成为朋友需要将这种关系带出工作场所。 5.What is the study mainly about？（　　） A. Ways of making friends in a new environment. B.Why people need to make different friends. C.Different levels of friendship. D.How long it takes to develop a friendship. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句及第二段第二句可推知，该研究主要是研究发展一段友谊需要多长时间。 6.What do we know about the participants in the study？（　　） A.They knew each other before. B.They had difficulty in making new friends. C.They were in great need of friends. D.They started their new life in the same city. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，研究者邀请渴望交朋友的成年人参加了两个实验。由此可知，这项研究的参与者都是希望交朋友的人。 7.What does the underlined word “routinely” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？（　　） A.Usually.　 B.Actively. C.Seldom.　 D.Confidently. 解析：A　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的in the same place at the same time as you可知，作为学生或者同事，在一起很容易的原因是人们经常同时出现在同一个场所。由此可知，画线词的意思与usually意义相近。 8.Which can help people build deeper relationships with workmates according to Hall？（　　） A.Joining the same work team. B.Having lunch at work with them. C.Inviting them to your home after work. D.Sharing work experience with each other. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，下班之后，邀请同事到你的家里有助于和他们建立更深的关系。 C 　　Hundreds of friends on Facebook can’t replace a handful of close friends in real life， a study has found.In a recent study， researchers discovered that people with only a few friends were at least as happy as those with far more if many of theirs were online. 　　Social media， the researchers said， has encouraged younger people to have larger but more impersonal networks of “friends”.But instead of trying to amass friends， they added， a better cure for loneliness might be spending time with those you’re closest to. 　　Scientists from the University of Leeds did their study using data from two online surveys on 1，496 people by a non-profit research organization.People taking part in the study showed their ages， the make-up of their social networks， how often they had different types of social interactions， and their own feelings of well-being.They included details of how often and how they interacted with families or neighbors， and whether they included people who provided services to them in their networks. 　　The number of close friends someone had appeared to be the only thing which influenced how satisfied they were with their social life. 　　“Loneliness has less to do with the number of friends you have， and more to do with how you feel about your friends，” said Dr Wändi Bruine de Bruin.Actually， it’s often the younger adults who admit to having a bad opinion of their friends. If you feel lonely， it may be more helpful to make a positive connection with a friend than to try and seek out new people to meet. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现，亲密朋友的数量似乎是影响一个人对社交生活满意度的唯一因素。 9.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “amass” in Paragraph 2？（　　） A.play the role of B.think highly of C.take advantage of D.increase the number of 解析：D　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文可知，研究人员表示，社交媒体鼓励年轻人拥有更大但更非个人的“朋友”网络。But表示转折，下文研究人员补充说，治疗孤独的更好方法可能是花时间和你最亲近的人在一起，而不是试图增加朋友的数量。由此可知，画线词意为“增加数量”。 10.What can be learned from the scientists’ study？（　　） A.Scientists did one online survey on 1，496 people. B.People surveyed mentioned new forms of social networks. C.People surveyed showed their ways to interact with families. D.The number of friends was the only cause of people’s happiness. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的They included details of how often ... who provided services to them in their networks.可知，从研究中可以看出被调查的人和家人之间互动交流的方式。 11.What makes people happy in social life？（　　） A.Living alone. B.Having close friends. C.Having good appearance. D.Making as many friends as possible. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段可知，拥有亲密的朋友让人们在社交生活中感到快乐。 12.What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text？（　　） A.To advise us to make friends online. B.To show us the importance of friends. C.To present us with the findings of a study. D.To tell us the problems caused by loneliness. 解析：C　写作意图题。文章第一段指出一项研究发现，接着介绍了这项研究的展开过程和研究结果。由此可推知，作者写本文的目的是向我们展示一项研究的结果。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　People disagree about meaningful and small matters on a daily basis. Sometimes you know if you speak your mind you will upset someone. However， you often must express your opinion even if you know others will disagree. By choosing your words carefully you can avoid long-term offense （冒犯）. 　　·Ask people about their perspective （观点）. Before being honest about how you feel， it’s important to know their perspective. This gives you a chance to show genuine interest and have a conversation.13.（　　） They may even end their explanation with a request to hear your perspective. 　　·Put yourself in their shoes. One of the simplest ways to avoid hurting feelings is to imagine how they will respond to your statements.14.（　　） Practise imagining how they view their own opinion and yours. Just because their perspective is different doesn’t mean it’s wrong. 　　·15.（　　） Be careful with your honesty. You want to speak the truth in kindness. That means avoiding obvious negative behaviors such as making a face or making fun of their ideas. 　　·Be polite in your responses. Whenever you try to avoid hurting others， it is best to speak with kindness. Simple acts of kindness can make a big difference. They convey respect and show that you value the other person. This situation isn’t all about you speaking your mind.16.（　　） 　　·Express your perspective as opinion， not fact. This shows you value their perspective， even if you know the facts back you up. If they have an open mind， facts will change their perspective. If they do not have an open mind， facts will feel like personal attacks.17.（　　） Allow them to discover the truth in their own way， not yours. A.They have a right to be incorrect. B.It’s about them feeling valued. C.Control your words and body language. D.If they said that to you， would you be upset？ E.Listening to others’ opinion is a very powerful way. F.Use facts and try to avoid letting your emotions run high. G.This may also give you opportunities to speak up and be honest. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们几条关于如何在不伤害他人感情的情况下保持诚实的建议。 13.G　空前后两句说明询问别人观点带来的好处。G项（这也会给你机会说出自己的想法，做到诚实）符合语境。 14.D　根据上文可知，要站在别人的角度考虑问题。避免伤感情的最简单的方法之一就是想象一下他们会对你的话有何反应。D项（如果他们那样对你说，你会生气吗？）符合语境。 15.C　空处为段落主题句。根据下文making a face和making fun of their ideas可知，C项（控制你的言语和肢体语言）符合语境。 16.B　根据空前一句可知，这种情况不完全是说出你的想法。B项（而是让他们感到被重视）符合语境。 17.A　根据上下文可知，认为你说的不对是他们的权利，允许他们用自己的方式去发现真相。A项（他们有认为你不对的权利）符合语境。 17 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $