Unit 4 Section Ⅳ Part Ⅱ Present an argument about space exploration-【优学精讲】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册教用Word(人教版)

本讲义围绕“太空探索是否浪费时间和金钱”这一核心议题，系统梳理议论文的结构框架（引入话题-正反观点-分论点论证-结论），整合语言要素（连接词如Firstly、However，高频词汇如argue、result in，高级句式如宾语从句、定语从句），通过课文解析、写作指导、词汇句型讲解构建学习支架，帮助学生从文本理解过渡到论证表达。 该资料以任务驱动设计为特色，通过议论文写作实践培养学生逻辑思维（思维品质），借助核心词汇与句型讲解提升语言表达能力（语言能力），配套分层练习（阅读理解、完形填空、写作）强化学习能力。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后助力学生巩固语言知识、查漏补缺，实现语言技能与思维能力的协同发展。

Part Ⅱ　Present an argument about space exploration 1.Why do some people think we should stop wasting time and money exploring space？（　　） A.Some countries are so poor that they have no ability to explore space. B.It’s no use exploring the universe. C.They think we should pay attention to poverty， pollution and fatal diseases. D.Exploring space will bring various disasters to mankind on Earth. 2.Which of the following is NOT true according to the text？（　　） A.Exploring space has made a difference in the fight against world hunger. B.Many satellites orbit Earth now due to exploring space. C.The scientists can provide useful recommendations after analysing the data transmitted by the satellites. D.Space technologies are used in industries rather than everyday products. 3.What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage？（　　） A.To give tips on how to explore space. B.To explain various ways of exploring space. C.To call people’s attention to space exploration. D.To advise people to stop exploring space. 答案：1－3　CDC Step 1　品教材课文 IS EXPLORING SPACE A WASTE OF TIME AND MONEY？ 　　Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions， whether to Mars or other planets much further away.Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.Instead， we should feed the world’s poor and find immediate solutions to other problems， such as pollution and fatal diseases.However， others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us. 　　Firstly， exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth.A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns.Then the data is transmitted to scientists on Earth.After careful analysis， the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers.As a result， space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population. 　　Secondly， space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all.High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration.For example， space technologies have helped the research and development of different types of new material.They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that doctors regularly use.Today， space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries， and everyday products， such as memory foam pillows and smartphone cameras， are changing our lives. 　　Finally， sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s problems and even to find ways to solve them.Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited.In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population， scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home.The greatest attention at present is on Mars because it is closer to Earth.In the future， humans may live on both planets. In closing， exploring space provides the world with many different benefits.Therefore， it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems. Step 2　析写作手法 学语言： 1.连接词： （1）首段开头用Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions， whether to Mars or other planets much further away.引出话题，接着用Some people argue that ...和others feel ...提出人们的正反两种观点，并用However一词衔接。 （2）第二段运用Firstly， exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.介绍了第一个分论点，并在段中使用了Then、 After、 As a result等连接词语使句子之间层次清晰，逻辑鲜明，语意连贯。 （3）第三段运用了because of， also等衔接词语使句子之间语意连贯。 （4）第五段运用In closing， Therefore等衔接词语使句子之间衔接紧密，语意连贯。 2.高频词汇：a shallow view、 make a difference、 result in、 promote、 provide for 等词语的运用彰显了作者高人一筹的语言驾驭能力。 3.高级句式： （1）第一段使用了宾语从句Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.及第二段运用动词-ing形式作主语Firstly， exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.避免了多个简单句的平铺直叙，使句式表达清晰、流畅，吸引读者的眼球。 （2）第三段运用了三个定语从句that benefit us all、 which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration和that doctors regularly use，使表达更高级。 学结构： 参考译文 探索太空是浪费时间和金钱吗？ 　　世界各国正在投入数十亿美元的资金和大量时间执行各种太空任务，无论是去火星还是更远的星球。一部分人认为，我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱去探索太空。相反，我们应该解决世界上穷人的温饱问题，并尽快找到污染、致命性疾病等其他问题的解决方案。然而，另一部分人觉得这是一种肤浅的观点，没有认识到探索太空给我们带来的好处。 　　首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。如今环绕地球运行的众多卫星都直接归功于太空探索。许多卫星记录着陆地与天气模式数据，然后把这些数据传输给地球上的科学家。经过仔细的分析，科学家们可以为农民提供有用的建议和意见。因此，基于太空的科学有助于提高农业产量，从而为地球上不断增长的人口提供充足的食物。 　　其次，太空探索推动了科技进步，使全人类受益。由于采用了先进的技术，如今全球高端产品的生产标准提高了，而这些技术最初是为了满足太空探索的要求而研制出来的。例如，太空技术促进了各种新型材料的研发，还帮助一些公司制造出更好的心脏监测仪以及医生经常使用的其他设备。如今，太空技术广泛应用于各行各业，一些日用产品，如记忆海绵枕头、智能手机摄像头等，正在改变我们的生活。 　　最后，将航天员送入太空促使人们思考全球问题，甚至去寻找解决办法。看着我们星球的照片，犹如黑色汪洋大海中的一个小岛，人们意识到地球的资源是有限的。为了满足快速增长的人口需求，科学家们正在努力寻找有朝一日能够成为我们新家园的其他星球。目前最受关注的是火星，因为它离地球较近。未来，人类很可能居住在这两个星球上。 　　总而言之，太空探索给世界带来了种种好处。因此，这项事业应该继续下去，以便为人类（面临的）的长期问题和短期问题提供更好的更新的解决方案。 Step 3　背出彩佳句 一、夺人眼球开头句 1.Recently， our class had a heated discussion about whether to carry on space exploration. 最近，我们班就是否要进行太空探索展开了激烈的讨论。 2.Our class discussed whether to carry on space exploration or not. 我们班就是否进行太空探索展开了讨论。 3.As for the space exploration， different people have different opinions. 对于太空探索，不同的人有不同的看法。 二、亮点出彩篇中句 1.Space exploration has advantages and disadvantages. 太空探索有利有弊。 2.Countries around the globe have made great progress in space exploration. 世界各国在太空探索方面已经取得了很大进步。 3.There are some people who support the idea because they believe space exploration can improve a country’s comprehensive national strength. 有些人支持这个想法，因为他们认为太空探索可以提升一个国家的综合国力。 4.Exploring space has already made a great contribution to giving us more information about our solar system and universe. 探索太空在给我们提供更多关于太阳系和宇宙的信息方面做出了巨大贡献。 5.Some people think space exploration is a waste of time and money. 有些人认为太空探索浪费时间和金钱。 6.Astronauts who are sent into space are faced with many dangers and some even lose their lives. 进入太空的宇航员面临着许多危险，有些甚至会失去他们的生命。 7.The money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the Earth’s problems， such as pollution and starvation.花在太空探索上的钱可以用来解决地球上的问题，如污染和饥饿。 三、韵味无穷结尾句 1.As the old saying goes，“Every coin has two sides.” 常言道：“任何事情都有两面性。” 2.I think space exploration benefits the country and the people.我认为太空探索利国利民。 3.I hope our country will make greater progress in space exploration. 我希望我国在太空探索方面取得更大进步。 　　假定你是李华，最近你班举行了一次班会，班会的主题是“太空探索的意义”。请你结合下表内容，用英语给校报写一篇短文，客观地介绍讨论的情况并表达自己的观点。 赞同者 反对者 1.获得新知识； 2.从太空取得新资源； 3.扩大人类的生存空间 1.耗资巨大； 2.宇航员的安全问题 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 一、合理布局，精心谋篇 第一段：选用合适的称呼语，提出论题； 第二段：列举正方观点和反方观点； 第三段：提出自己的观点——总结全文，言简意赅。 二、遣词造句，规范得体 1.　We had a discussion over whether it’s necessary to carry out the outer space exploration at a class meeting the other day.　 在前几天的班会上，我们就太空探索是否必要进行了讨论。 2.　Humans can find new resources in space and use them.　 人类可以在太空中找到新资源并加以利用。 3.　They say this kind of exploration costs too much money.And it’s very dangerous for astronauts to do such work.　 他们说这种勘探花费太多的钱，而且宇航员做这样的工作是非常危险的。 三、恰当衔接，自然过渡 4.用被动语态改写句2 　New resources can be found in space for humans to use.　 5.用not only ...but also ...升级句3 　In their opinion， not only does this kind of exploration cost too much money but it’s also very dangerous for astronauts to do such work.　 四、认真誊写，赏心悦目 　Dear Editor，　 　　　We had a discussion over whether it’s necessary to carry out the outer space exploration at a class meeting the other day.Some of us think it important to research the outer space.First， people can get a better understanding of the outer space through their explorations.Second， new resources can be found in space for humans to use and it will bring about new living space for human lives.　 　　　However， others don’t believe so.In their opinion， not only does this kind of exploration cost too much money but it’s also very dangerous for astronauts to do such work.　 　　　In my opinion， such explorations into the outer space are worthwhile.　 　Yours，　 　Li Hua　 核心词汇集释 argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论 【教材原句】　Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. 有些人认为我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱去探索太空。 【用法】 （1）argue with sb （over/about sth） （就某事）与某人争（辩）论 argue for/against sth　据理赞成/反对某事 （2）argue sb into doing sth　　说服某人做某事 argue sb out of doing sth说服某人不做某事 （3）argument n.　　争论；争吵；论点 【佳句】　①I am writing the letter in the hope of arguing you out of being addicted to online games any longer. 我写这封信，希望说服你不要再沉迷于网络游戏了。 ②There are strong arguments for and against capital punishment. 对于执行死刑，赞成与反对的双方都有强有力的论据。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①She has argued that wild animals 　（should） be left　 （leave） in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. 【写美】　完成下面语段 ②John 　argued that　 he could carry Bernard through the financial difficulty by selling popcorn.And John’s mother 　argued for　 his idea.Then John rushed to Bernard’s home to 　argue him into selling popcorn　 in the market so as to earn some extra money. 约翰认为他可以通过卖爆米花帮助伯纳德渡过经济困难。约翰的妈妈赞成他的主意。接着，约翰冲向伯纳德的家说服他在市场卖爆米花以赚取一些额外的钱。 result in 导致；造成 【教材原句】　It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth. 如今环绕地球运行的众多卫星都直接归功于太空探索。 【用法】 （1）result from　　　由于；由……造成 （2）as a result　　结果，因此 as a result of　　作为……的结果；因为…… 【佳句】　As is known to all， failure usually results from laziness while diligence can result in success. 众所周知，失败通常源于懒惰，而勤奋可以导致成功。 【写美】　一句多译 缺乏信心导致他工作面试失败。 →A lack of confidence 　resulted in　 his failure in the job interview. →His failure in the job interview 　resulted from　 a lack of confidence. →He lacked confidence， and 　as a result　， he failed in the job interview. limited adj.有限的 【教材原句】　Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited. 看着我们星球的照片，犹如黑色汪洋大海中的一个小岛，人们意识到地球的资源是有限的。 【用法】 （1）limit ...to ...　　　把……限定在……之内 （2）There is no limit to ...　　……是无限的 set a limit/limits on　　设定……的限度 without limit　　无限地，无限制地 （3）limitless adj.　　无限制的 【佳句】　As a matter of fact， what we need is limited， but what we want is unlimited. 事实上，我们需要的是有限的，而我们想要的是无限的。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①A person’s life is 　limited　 but serving the people is 　limitless.I want to devote my 　limited　 life to serving the people 　limitlessly　.（limit） ②Obviously， there is a limit 　to　 the amount of work we can get done in two weeks. 【写美】　完成句子 ③It is required that the length of the article 　should be limited to 400 words　 or so. 要求文章的长度应限制在400词左右。 provide for sb 提供生活所需 【教材原句】　 In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population， scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home. 为了满足快速增长的人口需求，科学家们正在努力寻找有朝一日能够成为我们新家园的其他星球。 【用法】 （1）provide sb with sth＝provide sth for sb给某人提供某物 （2）supply sb with sth＝supply sth to sb给某人提供某物 （3）offer sb sth＝offer sth to sb 给某人提供某物 【佳句】　①He worked hard to provide for his large family.他努力工作以供养一大家子人。 ②The school cafeteria strives to provide students with nutritious and balanced meals. 学校食堂努力为学生提供营养均衡的膳食。 ③They used the money to supply the students with new textbooks. 他们用这笔钱为学生们提供新教科书。 【写美】　一句多译 您可以给我提供一些如何提高英语口语的建议吗？ →Would you please 　provide me with some suggestions　 on how to improve my oral English？（provide） →Would you please 　provide some suggestions　 on how to improve my oral English 　for me　？（provide） →Would you please 　supply me with some suggestions　 on how to improve my oral English？（supply） →Would you please 　supply/offer some suggestions　 on how to improve my oral English 　to me　？ →Would you please 　offer me some suggestions　 on how to improve my oral English？ run out 用完；耗尽 【教材原句】　It is necessary to find a new home for people in space， as the resources on Earth will run out. 为人们在太空找到一个新家是有必要的，因为地球上的资源将耗尽。 【用法】 run out of 　　　用完，用尽（主语通常为人） use up　　用完，消耗尽（及物动词短语） 【佳句】　①Her money has run out and she is also running out of patience.她的钱花光了，并且她的耐心也耗尽了。 ②I’ve used up all my strength and energy.我已经用尽了所有的力气和精力。 【点津】　（1）run out表示“用完，耗尽”，不及物动词短语，相当于give out； （2）run out of 及物动词短语，相当于use up。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Once the food runs 　out　， the country will face hunger and starvation again. ②At that time he had used 　up　 all his savings. 【写美】　一句多译 ③我们应该提前买些食物，因为我们的食物很快就要吃光了。 →We should buy some food in advance because 　our food will soon run out　. →We should buy some food in advance because 　we are running out of/using up our food　. attach vt.系；绑；贴 【教材原句】　While sleeping， they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around. 在睡觉时，为了防止四处飘浮，他们必须把自己拴在某个东西上。 【用法】 （1）attach great importance to （doing） sth认为（做）某事有重要意义 attach ...to ...　　把……附在……上 （2）be attached to ...　　喜欢……；附属于…… 【佳句】　Seeing the yellow handkerchiefs attached to the tree，the man realised that his wife was still attached to him.So he headed to his home， with his heart beating excitedly. 看到系在树上的黄手帕，这个人意识到他的妻子仍然爱他。因此，他大踏步地向家走去，心激动地狂跳。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①I wonder if you have attached a recent photo 　to　 your application form. ②With more importance 　attached　 （attach） to traditional culture these years， hanfu has become increasingly popular. 【写美】　完成句子 ③I 　attach great importance to reading English newspapers　 regularly because this can widen my view. 我认为经常读英文报非常重要，因为这会扩大我的视野。 重点句型解构 句型公式：be＋形容词＋to do 【教材原句】　It is necessary to find a new home for people in space， as the resources on Earth will run out. 为人们在太空找到一个新家是有必要的，因为地球上的资源将耗尽。 【用法】 （1）在“be＋形容词＋to do”结构中，形容词多为表示主语的性质、特征的词，如easy、 hard、 difficult、 interesting、 heavy、 pleasant、 good等。 （2）当动词不定式与句子的主语是动宾关系且是不及物动词时，应在该不及物动词后加上适当的介词。 【品悟】　In my opinion， the plan designed by our manager is hard to carry out. 在我看来，我们经理制定的这个计划很难实行。 【写美】　完成句子 ①When he arrived there， he instantly found that the problem 　was hard to handle　. 当他到达那里时，立刻发现这个问题很难处理。 ②As far as I know， he 　is easy to get along with　. 据我所知，他很容易相处。 ③In summer， fresh air 　is comfortable to breathe　 and natural scenery 　is pleasant to enjoy　. 在夏季，人们可以神清气爽地呼吸新鲜空气，愉悦地享受自然风光。 句型公式：倍数表达法 【教材原句】　Olympus Mons， the largest volcano on Mars， is about twice as high as Mount Qomolangma. 奥林匹斯山是火星上最大的火山，高度大约是珠穆朗玛峰的两倍。 【用法】 （1）A is＋倍数＋as＋形容词＋as B； （2）A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than B； （3）A is＋倍数＋the＋名词（size/weight/length/height/...） ＋of＋B 【品悟】　The metal box is three times heavier than the plastic one. 这个金属箱子是塑料箱子的四倍重。 【写美】　一句多译 在建的新体育馆将是操场的三倍大。 →The new stadium being built will be 　twice bigger than　 the playground.（than） →The new stadium being built will be 　three times as big as　 the playground.（as ...as） →The new stadium being built will be 　three times the size of　 the playground.（size） 情感描写 ①keen adj.热衷的；渴望的 ②intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的 ③determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的 ④disappoint vt.使失望 disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的 disappointing adj.令人失望的 disappointment n.失望；沮丧 ⑤desire n.渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望 动作描写 ①leap vi.& vt.跳过；跃过 ②signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 ③float vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流 ④lack vt.没有；缺乏 ⑤argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论 ⑥provide for sb 提供生活所需 ⑦run out用完；耗尽 第一步：完成句子雏形现 1.　Having argued with my mother　 fiercely， I stormed out of the house， slamming the door heavily. 和妈妈大吵之后，我冲出房子，并重重地关上门。 2.　Disappointed and frustrated　， I felt like floating in an ocean of limitless sadness. 既失望又沮丧，我感觉好像漂浮在无限悲伤的海洋里。 3.Later， I stood beside a stand and 　sighed for lack of money　. 后来，我站在一个摊位旁，由于缺钱叹了口气。 4.The seller noticed my dilemma， 　greeted me with a kind smile and signaled me to sit down　. 摊主注意到了我的窘境，微笑着向我打招呼，示意我坐下。 5.　I was moved to tears.　 我感动地哭了。 6.The seller smiled，“Girl， your mother 　has been providing for you　 since you were born！” 摊主微笑道：“孩子，正是你的妈妈从你出生那天起就一直在为你提供生活所需！” 7.I wiped my tears， 　leapt to my feet and ran for home like a wind　. 我擦干眼泪，跳了起来，像风一样跑回家。 第二步：句式升级造亮点 8.把句6合并升级为强调句 The seller smiled，“Girl， 　it is your mother who has been providing for you since you were born　！” 第三步：过渡衔接连成篇 　　　Having argued with my mother fiercely， I stormed out of the house， slamming the door heavily.Disappointed and frustrated， I felt like floating in an ocean of limitless sadness.Later， I stood beside a stand and sighed for lack of money.The seller noticed my dilemma， greeted me with a kind smile and signaled me to sit down.I was moved to tears.The seller smiled，“Girl， it is your mother who has been providing for you since you were born！” I wiped my tears， leapt to my feet and ran for home like a wind.　 维度一：品句填词 1.Such is Liu Yang， the first Chinese woman 　astronaut　 （宇航员）. 2.As a result， the 　gravity　 （引力） of the Earth is about six times as great as that of the moon. 3.We should sort out the rubbish， hoping that we might 　recycle　 （循环利用） some， which will surely benefit us a great deal. 4.Exercise is an important part of every astronaut’s daily life to prevent 　muscle　 （肌肉） loss. 5.Thanks for your help with my study， I wouldn’t have passed the test 　otherwise　 （否则）. 6.A lack of 　oxygen　 （氧气） may have a bad influence on the brain development in the unborn child. 7.They had sufficient　 money to support their family after they arrived in Canada. 8.I had thought about arguing　 with the boss about that， but I didn’t have enough courage. 维度二：词形转换 1.What counts is that I can’t wait to earn some pocket money to prove my 　independence　 （independent）. 2.　Having　 （have） a positive attitude to study is the reason why I respect you. 3.China’s economy plays an important role in the 　global　 （globe） economy. 4.　Lacking　 （lack） money， he had to take up the job even though he had no interest in it. 5.If we can use 　recycled　 （recycle） materials， we will cause less pollution to the Earth. 6.Everyone is required to work out 　regularly　 （regular） and keep healthy. 7.Though we are young and our power is 　limited　 （limit）， every effort we make counts！ 8.There are no simple 　solutions　 （solve） to the problem of population decline. 维度三：话题写作之太空探索 1.Many people 　attach great importance to exploring space　. 许多人认为探索太空非常重要。 2.It can 　provide the world with many different benefits　， such as developing new resources. 它可以提供给世界许多不同的益处，例如开发新资源。 3.After all， not only 　are our resources on Earth limited but they are also running out　. 毕竟，我们地球上的资源不仅有限而且快耗尽了。 4.However， others 　argue against space exploration　. 然而，其他人反对太空探索。 5.　Exploring space may result in　 many fatal problems. 探索太空也许会导致许多致命的问题。 维度四：课文语法填空 　　People hold different views on whether much money and energy should be spent on 1.　exploring　 （explore） space. 　　Now a number of satellites 2.　are orbiting　 （orbit） Earth， many of which have transmitted important data to scientists on Earth.After careful analysis， the scientists can provide 3.　useful　 （use） recommendations and advice for farmers.4.　As　 a result， space-based science has helped farming in its efforts 5.　to grow　 （grow） enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population. 　　Space exploration has a big impact on our lives.High-end products are made to a higher standard because of 6.　advanced　 （advance） technology.Today， space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries， and everyday products， such as memory foam pillows 7.　and　 smartphone cameras， are changing our lives. 　　Sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s problems.Seeing pictures of our planet as 8.　an　 island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited.In order to provide for such a 9.　rapidly　 （rapid） increasing population， scientists are trying to find other planets 10.　that/which　 could one day be our new home.All in all， exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2024·青岛六校高一下联考）Not only does AI do better than humans in what were uniquely human skills， but it also enjoys uniquely nonhuman abilities， which make the difference between AI and a human worker.Two particularly important nonhuman abilities that AI possesses are connectivity and updatability. 　　The benefits for human society are likely to be huge.AI doctors could provide far better and cheaper healthcare for billions of people， particularly for those who currently receive no healthcare at all.Hopefully， thanks to AI technology， in the future a poor villager in an underdeveloped country might come to enjoy far better healthcare via her smartphone than the richest person in the world gets today from the most advanced urban hospital. 　　Similarly， self-driving vehicles could provide people with much better transportation services， and in particular reduce mortality （死亡率） from traffic accidents.Today close to 1.25 million people are killed annually in traffic accidents （twice the number killed by war， crime， and terrorism combined）.More than 90 percent of these accidents are caused by very human errors： somebody drinking alcohol and driving， somebody texting a message while driving， somebody falling asleep at the wheel， somebody daydreaming instead of paying attention to the road. 　　The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimated in 2012 that 31 percent of fatal crashes in the United States involved alcohol abuse， 30 percent involved speeding， and 21 percent involved distracted drivers.Self-driving vehicles will never do any of these things.Though they suffer from their own problems and limitations， and though some accidents are inevitable， replacing all human drivers by computers is expected to reduce deaths and injuries on the road by about 90 percent. 　　It would therefore be madness to block automation in fields such as transport and healthcare just in order to protect human jobs.After all， what we ought to protect is humans — not jobs.Displaced drivers and doctors will just have to find something else to do. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者通过医疗以及交通这两个领域，说明人工智能比人类具有很多优势。 1.What can we learn about AI doctors？（　　） A.They will charge much higher. B.They will reach more patients. C.They will offer individualized service. D.They will replace human doctors soon. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在未来，人工智能医生将会为数十亿人提供医疗服务，尤其是现在还无法享受医疗服务的穷人。 2.How does the author prove the benefits of self-driving vehicles？（　　） A.By telling some stories. B.By listing some numbers. C.By giving some examples. D.By answering some questions. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三、四段可知，作者主要通过列数字的方式来说明人工驾驶存在的问题以及无人驾驶汽车的优势。 3.How many people’s lives would be saved every year if self-driving vehicles were used？（　　） A.About 0.26 million. B.About 0.38 million. C.About 0.75 million. D.About one million. 解析：D　推理判断题。第三段指出，每年（全球）死于交通事故的人数是125万；第四段接着指出，无人驾驶汽车将会减少90%的交通事故伤亡人数。由此可推知，如果使用无人驾驶汽车，每年将挽救大约100万人的生命。 4.What’s the purpose of the last paragraph？（　　） A.To give an argument. B.To provide a solution. C.To draw a conclusion. D.To make a suggestion. 解析：C　推理判断题。最后一段作者得出结论：为了保护人类工作而阻止自动化（人工智能）的应用是不明智的，我们应该保护人类，而非工作。 B 　　（2024·杭州高一下期末）2020 was a landmark year for the commercial space industry.SpaceX became the first company ever to send humans to space aboard a privately owned spacecraft.The US government continued to work closely with start-ups and space businesses to put humans back on the Moon.And， helped by governments declaring them “essential businesses”， a pack of young space companies kept working to create new rockets or satellite services. 　　But 2023 is expected to be even bigger for the industry as the giants such as SpaceX continue to pursue future technologies — from Mars rockets to space-based Internet service and extraterrestrial （地球外的） tourism. 　　SpaceX made history when its Crew Dragon spacecraft proved it can transport NASA astronauts to the International Space Station， marking the first time in SpaceX’s 18-year history that the company put humans in space.It was also the best time of a decade-long partnership with NASA. 　　SpaceX is expected to make those trips routine.Another group of astronauts are expected to take flight aboard a Crew Dragon. 　　The ability to fly its own astronauts after spending nearly a decade relying on Russian spacecraft to put US astronauts in space is a huge deal for NASA.The space agency says it’ll now be able to keep the space station fully staffed. 　　Boeing is planning to conduct the first crewed flight of its Starliner vehicle next year， which is being developed under the same NASA program as SpaceX’s Crew Dragon. 　　Boeing’s Starliner， which looks similar to SpaceX’s Crew Dragon， will first need to re-do an unsuccessful flight test that the company tried to carry out one year ago.Boeing says it’s targeting March 29 for a second attempt， and — if all goes well — Starliner’s first crewed launch could kick off a few months later. 　　Both Boeing and SpaceX’s spacecraft are privately owned， which means both companies will have the option to sell seats aboard their spacecraft to anyone who can afford the roughly $50 million per-seat price tag. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。美国民营航天公司正在快速发展，其中最有代表性的两家公司是SpaceX和Boeing。 5.What did the American government do to its space companies？（　　） A.It provided much support. B.It introduced many policies. C.It didn’t pay much attention. D.It limited their development. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的The US government continued to work closely with start-ups and space businesses和helped by governments declaring them “essential businesses”可知，美国政府与民营航天公司既密切合作，又大力支持。 6.How did SpaceX make history according to the text？（　　） A.By carrying people to space. B.By sending astronauts to Mars. C.By working together with NASA. D.By making Crew Dragon spacecraft. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，之所以说SpaceX公司创造了历史，是因为它的Crew Dragon载人宇宙飞船首次将人送往太空。 7.What can we learn about Boeing’s Starliner？（　　） A.It’s more advanced than Crew Dragon. B.It falls behind Crew Dragon at present. C.It will be launched before Crew Dragon. D.It will carry out America’s first crewed flight. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第三段和第七段可知，SpaceX公司的Crew Dragon载人宇宙飞船已经将宇航员送往太空，而Boeing公司的Starliner飞船首次试飞失败。由此可推知，Starliner落后于Crew Dragon。 8.What would be the best title for the text？（　　） A.SpaceX Will Launch Crew Dragon B.Boeing Will Begin a Second Attempt C.NASA Has Achieved Historic Success D.Private Spaceflight Is Growing Rapidly 解析：D　标题归纳题。综合全文可知，本文主要以SpaceX和Boeing这两家民营航天公司为例，说明美国民营航天公司正在快速发展。因此D项为本文最佳标题。 Ⅱ.完形填空 　　（2024·临汾高一下质检）Growing up， I was fortunate to have dinner with my family almost every day.Sometimes， the family dinner circle 　9　 to include relatives stopping by.Yet， I knew some friends whose parents got home after dinner or even 　10　 the entire evening.So I 　11　 the quality time around our kitchen table， which witnessed countless valuable 　12　 in my life. 　　　13　， my kids cannot relate to my childhood memories.They have been left to 　14　 with babysitters more times than I would like to admit.My husband and I have 　15　 careers.And we often end up staying at the office way past dinnertime.When this happens too often， it 　16　 the balance of our family. 　　Apart from suffering from 　17　， what else can a hardworking family do？ I think we can all try to 　18　 our own ways to spend time together.Surely there are days when I’m too busy to share a meal with my family.But I would make efforts to 　19　 and chat later that day， 　20　 setting aside cellphones every time.And I even find a bedtime reading with my kids much 　21　.I am also proud to have our “big breakfast” routine every Saturday.My husband serves as the head chef， and my younger son 　22　 him to make the breakfast. 　　I am aware that my sons are growing up quickly and will be out of the 　23　 someday.But now， I am happy to have so many wonderful things on my plate. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章围绕“共享亲子时光”这一话题展开，说明亲情的可贵。 9.A.widened　　 B.formed C.lessened　　 D.closed 解析：A　根据下文to include relatives stopping by可知，家里的餐桌会扩大，以容纳这些来访的亲戚。 10.A.missed　　 B.avoided C.enjoyed　　 D.recorded 解析：A　根据空前parents got home after dinner or even可知，此处和上文形成递进关系，即父母会在晚饭时间之后才回家，甚至是一整个晚上都不回家。 11.A.wasted　　 B.treasured C.limited　　 D.calculated 解析：B　这里表示作者十分珍惜餐桌旁的陪伴家人的时光。 12.A.shows　　 B.dishes C.recipes　　 D.moments 解析：D　根据上文的quality time可知， 餐桌见证了作者人生中无数珍贵的时刻。 13.A.However　　 B.Otherwise C.Therefore　　 D.Besides 解析：A　作者小时候可以和父母共进晚餐，但是作者的孩子只能和保姆一起吃晚餐。因此，这里表示“但是，我的孩子们并不能对我童年的回忆感同身受”。 14.A.sleep　　 B.dine C.study　　 D.play 解析：B　全文围绕“一家人共进晚餐”这个话题展开，所以这里指“吃饭”。 15.A.suitable　　 B.flexible C.satisfying　　 D.demanding 解析：D　根据下文we often end up staying at the office way past dinnertime可推断，作者和丈夫有着要求很高的工作。 16.A.maintains　　 B.disturbs C.improves　　 D.strikes 解析：B　当父母总是无法陪孩子用餐时，就会打乱家中的平衡。 17.A.fear　　 B.anger C.guilt　　 D.hunger 解析：C　联系上文可知，作者因不能与孩子共进晚餐而感到愧疚。 18.A.predict　　 B.create C.evaluate　　 D.accept 解析：B　根据下文chat， bedtime reading和“big breakfast” routine every Saturday可知，作者是在创造自己的方式与孩子度过亲子时光。 19.A.work out　　 B.calm down C.hold on　　 D.catch up 解析：D　根据上文there are days when I’m too busy to share a meal with my family可知，有时候作者无法和家人一起用餐，所以会努力去弥补失去的亲子时光。 20.A.unwillingly　　 B.casually C.consciously　　 D.carelessly 解析：C　根据语境可知，作者会有意识地收起手机，避免外界的干扰。 21.A.louder　　 B.shorter C.simpler　　 D.sweeter 解析：D　这让作者发现与孩子的睡前阅读时光变得更加美好。 22.A.assists　　 B.guides C.allows　　 D.orders 解析：A　根据空前My husband serves as the head chef可知，作者的丈夫作为主厨，儿子辅助父亲完成早餐。 23.A.office　　 B.kitchen C.house　　 D.park 解析：C　最后一段作者感慨，总有一天儿子会长大，并且离开家。 Ⅲ.应用文写作 　　（2024·贵阳高一下期末）“天问一号”和“嫦娥六号”的成功发射，引发全国范围的航天热。请你就此话题为你校英文报写一篇短文，内容包括： 　　1.航天热反映了什么； 　　2.太空探索的意义是什么。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：航天热 space craze 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 参考范文： 　　With the successful launch of Tianwen 1 and Chang’e 6， a space craze has been sweeping across the whole country.Without doubt， the latest craze reflects people’s curiosity about and interest in the magical universe. 　　Why do we explore the universe？ For one thing， the ability to explore the outer space is a part of a country’s comprehensive national strength， which can greatly improve its international status and influence.For another， we can use scientific and technological achievements of space exploration to serve the interests of people around the world.As President Xi Jinping said，“To explore the vast universe， develop the space industry and build China into a space power is a dream we have always been pursuing.” Ⅳ.读后续写 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 　　The class was over.Karl was delighted that he had created a very satisfying work.So he walked to the back of the classroom to put his work away carefully.There， lying on the carpet in front of the classroom bookcase， was a golden ticket！ Karl picked it up.His heart beat faster when he saw that the name line was blank.He couldn’t believe his luck！ 　　The boys and girls in Karl’s class could earn golden tickets by doing well in their studies or by being extra helpful or kind.Once a week their teacher drew a ticket out of a box on her desk and let the winner choose a prize. 　　Today was the golden ticket drawing， and here was another ticket， just for him！ Karl looked around.No one else was near the ticket.All his classmates were at their desks， laughing and talking with each other.Miss Evans was engaged in grading the papers collected earlier in the morning. 　　Karl decided to write his name on the blank line.Then he could put it into the prize box with the six tickets he’d already earned.With so many chances， one of his tickets would most probably be picked！ Then he could choose the pink toy pig for his sister’s birthday， just like he had been hoping. 　　He smiled and reached for the pencil in his pocket.Suddenly his fingers stopped.There was a strange feeling in his chest， and it wasn’t his heartbeat.“Finders are keepers， right？” he wondered.He looked out of the window and tried to figure it out.On the one hand， he did find the ticket， but he hadn’t earned it.Somebody must have lost it.But on the other hand， he did need this extra ticket for his great plan！ 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式作答。 　　Karl looked at the blank name line for a moment.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　“Karl， I intend to give you another ticket！” Miss Evans said.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 参考范文： 　　Karl looked at the blank name line for a moment.He knew his plan wouldn’t be so great if he won with a ticket that didn’t belong to him.So he walked up to his teacher.“Miss Evans， I happened to find this ticket on the floor near the bookcase.I think the one who lost it will look for it.And these are mine，” he said， dropping his six tickets into the box.When he turned around to leave， the teacher stopped him. 　　“Karl， I intend to give you another ticket！” Miss Evans said.Karl was amazed and wondered why.Miss Evans smiled and signed to the class to quiet down.“Karl handed in the golden ticket he had just found.I think he is honest and deserves another one！” The class burst into loud applause.Karl happily went back to his seat， eagerly expecting the ticket drawing.He still wanted his name to be picked， but he would feel OK even if it wasn’t.After all， making the right choice did make him feel great！ 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $