Unit1语法讲解和练习2025-2026学年人教版英语七年级下册

人教英语七下Unit1语法讲解和练习 核心语法：Wh-特殊疑问句（what/where/why）、形容词的用法、名词单复数变化、一般现在时的疑问句/否定句 一、语法点1：Wh-特殊疑问句 1. 疑问词精准辨析 疑问词 提问内容 回答要求 标志性搭配 例句 What 事物、喜好、职业 具体事物/名称 favourite animal/thing What’s your favourite animal? → It’s the panda. Where 地点、来源 具体地点/国家 be from/come from Where are tigers from? → They’re from Asia. Why 原因 必须用because引出 无固定搭配，表原因 Why do you like koalas? → Because they’re cute. Which 特定范围内的选择 具体选择对象 which animal/one Which animal do you like best? → I like the dog best. 2. 句型结构 类型1：含be动词（am/is/are）的特殊疑问句 基础结构：疑问词 + be动词 + 主语 + 其他？ 主语为单数/不可数：疑问词 + is + 主语 + 其他？ 例：Where is the lion from? / What is your favourite animal? 主语为复数/you：疑问词 + are + 主语 + 其他？ 例：Where are the pandas from? / What are their favourite animals? 变形拓展：be from = come from（同义替换，必考） Where are you from? = Where do you come from? Where is she from? = Where does she come from? 类型2：含实义动词（like/love/live等）的特殊疑问句 基础结构：疑问词 + do/does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 主语为I/you/we/they/复数名词：用助动词do 例：Why do you like cats? / What animals do they love? 主语为he/she/it/单数名词：用助动词does（注意：动词变原形） 例：Why does he like dogs? / What animals does the girl love? 易错提醒：does后必须跟动词原形，不可加s/es ✅ 正确：Why does she like pandas? ❌ 错误：Why does she likes pandas? 3. 答语规则（避坑指南） Why提问→只能用Because回答，不能用So/And ✅ Why do you like birds? Because they’re beautiful. ❌ Why do you like birds? So they’re beautiful. What提问单数事物→答语用It’s...；提问复数→答语用They’re... 例：What’s your favourite animal? → It’s the rabbit. What are your favourite animals? → They’re the rabbits. Where提问来源→直接答“主语+be from+地点”，简洁明了 例：Where are elephants from? → They’re from Africa and Asia. 二、语法点2：形容词 1. 本单元必背形容词（按语义分类，易记忆） 褒义（喜欢的原因） 贬义（不喜欢的原因） 外形描述 cute（可爱的） scary（吓人的） big（大的） smart（聪明的） dangerous（危险的） small（小的） interesting（有趣的） boring（无聊的） long（长的） funny（滑稽的） lazy（懒惰的） short（短的） friendly（友好的） ugly（丑陋的） tall（高的） 2. 形容词2大核心用法 用法1：作表语（跟在be动词后，最常用） 结构：主语 + be动词（am/is/are） + （副词）+ 形容词 副词修饰形容词：very/so/really（放形容词前，增强语气，必考） 例：The cat is very cute. / The tiger is really scary. / Pandas are so friendly. 复数主语搭配：be动词用are，形容词不变形 例：Dogs are smart. / Birds are interesting. 用法2：作定语（修饰名词，放名词前，易混淆） 结构：（副词+）形容词 + 名词 修饰单数名词：形容词 + 单数名词 例：a cute dog / an interesting animal（注意：an接元音音素开头） 修饰复数名词：形容词 + 复数名词（形容词无单复数变化，避坑！） ✅ 正确：cute dogs / interesting animals ❌ 错误：cutes dogs / interestings animals 多个形容词修饰：性质/感受 → 外形/大小（固定顺序） 例：a cute small bird（可爱的小鸟） / a smart big elephant（聪明的大象） 3. 常用句型（结合本单元话题，直接套用） I like... because they’re + 形容词. 例：I like pandas because they’re cute and friendly. I don’t like... because they’re + 形容词. 例：I don’t like snakes because they’re scary and dangerous. My favourite animal is... It’s + 形容词. 例：My favourite animal is the monkey. It’s smart and funny. 三、语法点3：名词单复数变化 1. 规则变化 变化规则 适用情况 本单元例词（单→复） 补充例词 直接加s 一般情况（无特殊结尾） giraffe→giraffes, penguin→penguins, tiger→tigers, elephant→elephants, bird→birds book→books, pen→pens 加es 以s/x/sh/ch/o结尾 fox→foxes（本单元重点） box→boxes, brush→brushes 变y为i加es 辅音字母+y结尾 baby→babies（拓展，常考） family→families 直接加s 元音字母+y结尾 monkey→monkeys boy→boys, toy→toys 2. 不规则变化 单数 复数 特点 例句 mouse mice 完全变形 The mouse is small. / The mice are in the hole. sheep sheep 单复数同形 A sheep is white. / Many sheep are on the farm. child children 完全变形（拓展） A child likes dogs. / Children like pandas. man men 完全变形（拓展） A man is feeding the tiger. / Two men are watching the elephant. 3. 用法规则（结合语境，不混淆） 表示一类动物（泛指）：用复数名词，不加the 例：I like pandas.（我喜欢熊猫这类动物）/ Giraffes have long necks. 表示特指某一个/一些：用the + 单/复数名词 例：The panda is very cute.（这只熊猫很可爱）/ The tigers are from Africa. 单复数同形名词：看谓语动词判断单复数 例：The sheep is black.（单数）/ The sheep are black.（复数） 四、语法点4：一般现在时的否定句 1. 含be动词的否定句 结构：主语 + be动词 + not + 其他 单数主语：主语 + is not / isn’t + 其他 例：The lion isn’t from Asia. 复数主语：主语 + are not / aren’t + 其他 例：The pandas aren’t from Africa. 2. 含实义动词的否定句 结构：主语 + don’t / doesn’t + 动词原形 + 其他 主语为I/you/we/they/复数名词：用don’t 例：I don’t like tigers. / They don’t love snakes. 主语为he/she/it/单数名词：用doesn’t 例：He doesn’t like elephants. / The girl doesn’t love penguins. 五、语法综合练习 一、单项选择（10题） 1. —_____ do you like dolphins? —Because they are very smart. A. What B. Where C. Why D. Who 2. —_____ are zebras from? —They are from Africa. A. Where B. What C. Why D. How 3. I like elephants _____ they are very friendly. A. so B. because C. but D. or 4. —What’s your favourite animal? —_____ is the koala. A. This B. That C. It D. They 5. I don’t like wolves because they’re _____. A. cute B. scary C. interesting D. smart 6. —_____ animals do you like? —I like pandas and tigers. A. Where B. What C. Why D. Who 7. —Where _____ the panda from? —It _____ from China. A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are 8. Why _____ he like penguins? A. do B. does C. is D. are 9. —Do you like giraffes? —No, I _____. A. do B. don’t C. am D. am not 10. The _____ are very cute. A. panda B. pandas C. a panda D. an panda 二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The ______ (giraffe) have long necks. 2. I like ______ (penguin) because they are cute. 3. Why do you like ______ (sheep)? 4. Look at the ______ (mouse) in the hole. They are small. 5. The ______ (fox) are very clever. 6. The ______ (tiger) are from Asia. 7. I don’t like ______ (snake) because they’re scary. 8. The ______ (elephant) are very big. 9. Those ______ (monkey) are very funny. 10. A ______ (sheep) is white, but some ______ (sheep) are black. 三、补全对话（2篇） 对话1 where, they're, because, do, don't, What's Jane: Sam, ______ are giraffes from? Sam: ______ from Africa. Do you like giraffes? Jane: Yes, I do. Sam: Why ______ you like them? Jane: Well, ______ they’re interesting. They have long necks. ______ your favourite animal? Sam: Guess! It lives in the sea. Jane: Is it the shark? Sam: No. I ______ like sharks. Jane: Why ______ you like sharks? Sam: Because they’re really scary. 对话2 because, favourite, from, what, why, don't A: Hi, Lily! ______ is your ______ animal? B: My favourite animal is the cat. A: ______ do you like cats? B: ______ they’re cute and friendly. A: Where are cats ______? B: They’re from all over the world. A: Do you like dogs? B: No, I ______. A: ______ don’t you like dogs? B: Because they’re too noisy. 四、按要求改写句子（10题） 1. I like dogs because they are friendly.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ you like dogs? 2. Pandas are from China.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ pandas from? 3. My favourite animal is the cat.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ your favourite animal? 4. The tigers are very scary.（改为否定句） The tigers ______ ______ very scary. 5. I like elephants.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） —______ ______ like elephants? —Yes, ______ ______. 6. He likes pandas.（改为否定句） He ______ ______ pandas. 7. She is from Australia.（改为同义句） She ______ ______ Australia. 8. The monkey is very smart.（改为复数句） The ______ ______ very smart. 9. They like lions.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ they like? 10. Why do you like koalas?（用cute回答） Because ______ ______ cute. 六、答案与解析 一、单项选择 1. C 解析：答句用because回答原因，问句用why提问。 2. A 解析：答句回答地点“非洲”，用where提问来源。 3. B 解析：后半句是前半句的原因，用because连接。 4. C 解析：回答“What's your favourite animal?”时，用it指代“favourite animal”。 5. B 解析：狼给人的感觉是“吓人的”，选scary。 6. B 解析：询问“什么动物”用what。 7. A 解析：主语the panda是单数，be动词用is。 8. B 解析：主语he是第三人称单数，助动词用does。 9. B 解析：一般疑问句的否定回答用No, I don’t. 10. B 解析：谓语动词are说明主语是复数，用pandas。 二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. giraffes 解析：谓语动词have是原形，主语为复数。 2. penguins 解析：泛指企鹅这类动物，用复数。 3. sheep 解析：sheep单复数同形，此处泛指。 4. mice 解析：后一句主语是they，用复数mice。 5. foxes 解析：谓语动词are说明主语是复数，fox的复数是foxes。 6. tigers 解析：谓语动词are说明主语是复数。 7. snakes 解析：泛指蛇这类动物，用复数。 8. elephants 解析：谓语动词are说明主语是复数。 9. monkeys 解析：指示代词those后接复数名词。 10. sheep; sheep 解析：第一空a后接单数，第二空some后接复数，sheep单复数同形。 三、补全对话 对话1 Jane: Sam, where are giraffes from? Sam: They're from Africa. Do you like giraffes? Jane: Yes, I do. Sam: Why do you like them? Jane: Well, because they’re interesting. They have long necks. What's your favourite animal? Sam: Guess! It lives in the sea. Jane: Is it the shark? Sam: No. I don't like sharks. Jane: Why don't you like sharks? Sam: Because they’re really scary. 对话2 A: Hi, Lily! What is your favourite animal? B: My favourite animal is the cat. A: Why do you like cats? B: Because they’re cute and friendly. A: Where are cats from? B: They’re from all over the world. A: Do you like dogs? B: No, I don't. A: Why don’t you like dogs? B: Because they’re too noisy. 四、按要求改写句子 1. Why do you like dogs? 解析：对原因提问用why，主语是you，助动词用do。 2. Where are pandas from? 解析：对地点提问用where，主语是pandas，be动词用are。 3. What is your favourite animal? 解析：对“是什么”提问用what，主语是单数，be动词用is。 4. The tigers are not very scary. 解析：含be动词的句子变否定句，在be动词后加not。 5. —Do you like elephants? —Yes, I do. 解析：一般现在时主语是I，变一般疑问句用do，肯定回答用Yes, I do. 6. He doesn’t like pandas. 解析：主语he是第三人称单数，否定句用doesn’t+动词原形。 7. She comes from Australia. 解析：be from的同义短语是come from，主语she是第三人称单数，动词用comes。 8. The monkeys are very smart. 解析：monkey的复数是monkeys，be动词用are。 9. What do they like? 解析：对“什么动物”提问用what，主语是they，助动词用do。 10. Because they are cute. 解析：koalas是复数，用they are指代。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $