内容正文:
英语
返回目录
专题十二 主谓一致和倒装句
语法导图
01
核心考点精讲
02
针对性练习
03
语法导图
返回目录
语法导图
返回目录
语法导图
返回目录
考点一 主谓一致
主谓一致大致可归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。
核心考点精讲
返回目录
1.语法一致原则
语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
(1)当单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 在阳光下阅读对你的眼睛不好。
核心考点精讲
返回目录
(2)由连接词and或both ... and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。
Lucy and Lily are twins. Lucy和Lily是双胞胎。
(3)主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with, except, but, like, as well as, besides, including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。
She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 她像你和Tom一样很高。
核心考点精讲
返回目录
(4)either, neither, each, every 或no+单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词作主语,都作单数看待。
Each of us has a new book. 我们每个人都有一本新书。
(5)由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
There are a lot of people in the classroom. 教室里有许多人。
(6)在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
There comes the bus. 公交车来了。
核心考点精讲
返回目录
2.意义一致原则
意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致。
(1)what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数,也可以是复数,主要靠意思来决定。
Which is your bag?哪个是你的包?
(2)表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是因为作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。
Thirty minutes is enough for the work. 做这项工作30分钟足够了。
核心考点精讲
返回目录
(3)表示数量的短语作主语:“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词可用单数形式,也可用复数形式; the number of+可数名词复数,表示“……的数量”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数; a number of+可数名词复数,表示“许多……”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
One and a half apples is/are left on the table. 桌上有一个半苹果。
The number of students in the class is 30. 班级里的学生数量是30人。
A number of roads have been blocked by fallen trees. 一些道路被倒下的树堵住了。
核心考点精讲
返回目录
(4)算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待,其谓语动词采用单数形式。
Twelve plus eight is twenty. 十二加八等于二十。
(5)trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes 等词作主语时,谓语用复数。
My glasses are broken. 我的眼镜坏掉了。
(6)“定冠词the+形容词或分词”,表示某一类人时,动词用复数。
The young should work hard. 年轻人应该努力工作。
The rich are not always happy. 富人并不总是快乐的。
核心考点精讲
返回目录
3.就近原则
在英语句子中,有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
(1)当两个主语由either ... or ... , neither ... nor ... , whether ... or ... , not only ... but also ... 连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。
Neither they nor he is right. 他们和他都不对。
核心考点精讲
返回目录
(2)在There be句型中be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。
There is a desk and two chairs in the room. 房间里有一张桌子和两把椅子。
核心考点精讲
返回目录
(2024·绥化)In China, a number of birthday persons ______cakes with candles. The number of candles ______the person’s age.
A. has; is
B. eats; are
C. eat; is
核心考点精讲
返回目录
[解析]a number of“许多的”,后面跟可数名词复数形式,当其作主语,谓语是复数形式;the number of“……的数量”,后面跟复数名词,当其作主语,谓语是单数形式。根据题干可知,在中国许多过生日的人会吃带有蜡烛的蛋糕,则第一个空填写动词原形eat“吃”;其次根据题干可知,蜡烛的数量代表了那个人的年龄,则第二个空谓语是单数形式,此处填写is。
[答案]C
核心考点精讲
返回目录
考点二 倒装句
倒装用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分,倒装句有两种:部分倒装和完全倒装。
1.当句首为副词here, there,且主语为名词时,应用完全倒装。
Here comes the bus!车来了!
There goes the bell!铃响了!
核心考点精讲
返回目录
2.表示对前者的陈述也适用后者时,肯定倒装用“so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”;前句是否定,而后面也表示否定(前面所述的情况同样不适用后面的人或物)用“neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”。
—I have never been to Beijing before. 我之前从未去过北京。
—Neither/Nor have I. 我也没去过。
核心考点精讲
返回目录
(1)“so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示前者的主语和后者的主语情况一样,所谈到的是两个人,意为“……也是这样”。
He can speak English,so can I.他会说英语,我也会。
核心考点精讲
返回目录
(2)“so+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词”表示前者和后者所指同一人时,说话者表示同意前者的观点,意为“的确如此”。
—Li Lei likes sports. Li Lei喜欢运动。
—So he does.他的确如此。
核心考点精讲
返回目录
3.以频度副词开头引出的倒装
always, usually, often, every day等频度副词位于句首,且表示强调时,用部分倒装;但若不强调时,也可不用倒装。
Often he walks. 他经常走路。
核心考点精讲
返回目录
(2024·齐齐哈尔)—Tom will have a birthday party next Sunday. Do you want to go?
—If you go, ______.
A. so I will B. so will I C. neither will I
核心考点精讲
返回目录
[解析]“so+助动词+主语”的意思是“……也是这样”;适用于前面所说的是肯定句;“neither+助动词+主语”的意思是“……也不”,适用于前面所说的是否定句;“so+主语+助动词”的意思是“的确如此”,表示强调。“if you go”是肯定句,因此可排除C。选项A的意思是“我的确如此”,不符合逻辑,正确答案是B(从句使用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时)。
[答案]B
核心考点精讲
返回目录
( )1.—Air pollution is becoming increasingly serious.
— . So we must take measures to control it.
A. So it is B. It is so
C. So is it D. It so is
A
针对性练习
返回目录
( )2.—How many students are there in one classroom in the USA?
—The number of them about twenty.
A. is B. are
C. am D. be
( )3.Not only grandpa but also all of us ______looking forward to meeting my uncle.
A. am B. is
C. are D. be
C
A
针对性练习
返回目录
( )4.—Do you like your new T-shirt?
—Yes. Not only I but also my mother ______it.
A. likes B. like
C. doesn’t like D. don’t like
( )5.Neither of the two students ______the teacher who is much too strict.
A. like B. likes
C. liking D. liked
B
A
针对性练习
返回目录
( )6.This pair of trousers ______long for her.
A. is kind of
B. are kind of
C. is kinds of
D. are kinds of
( )7.This English book, together with its listening material, ______well.
A. sells B. sell
C. is sold D. are sold
A
A
针对性练习
返回目录
( )8.About three fifths of the students in Chengdu ______to school by bus.
A. goes B. go
C. is going D. went
( )9.A number of students in our class ______gone to hospital because of the high fever,and the number of them ______ten.
A. have; are B. has; is
C. has; are D. have; is
D
B
针对性练习
返回目录
( )10.Forty percent of the land ______covered with grass and about sixty percent of the people here ______female.
A. is; are B. are; is
C. are; are D. is; is
( )11.—I am not going swimming tomorrow afternoon.
— . I have a lot of work to do.
A. Neither am I B. Nor I will
C. So am I D. So I do
A
A
针对性练习
返回目录
( )12.There an apple and some bananas on the desk.
A. are B. is
C. be D. am
B
针对性练习
返回目录
谢谢观看
返回目录
主谓一致
倒装句
$