期末知识点（知识清单）-2025-2026学年译林版（三起）（2012）英语五年级上册

该小学5A期末英语知识点复习清单全面梳理了学期核心内容，涵盖语法、词汇、句型及语音四大知识范畴，搭建了从名词单复数规则到动词形态变化再到核心句型应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“★标注重难点”“口诀记忆”“易混词对比”构建知识体系，如将“动词三单变化”标注为★重点，配有“主三单动三单，问句does后动原”的口诀，培养语言能力和学习能力。特别设计“文化差异提示”（如英国一楼ground floor与美国first floor的差异）和“易错词组对比”（play basketball球类不加the与play the piano乐器加the），帮助学生精准掌握，教师可据此设计针对性教学，提升课堂实效。

5A 期末知识点复习 一、名词 (单数，复数，不可数) 1.单数a house, a bed an art room, an English teacher, an e-friend/email, an idea, an umbrella(元音音素前用an) 2.复数 (1)一般直接+s：bears, students, (2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾，加es：bus-buses, box-boxes (3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾，去y加ies：library-libraries hobby-hobbies (4)不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, child-children, foot-feet, fish—fish, people—people 3.不可数soup, milk, bread, juice, tea, rice, ice ... 4.be动词(am, is, are)用法口诀： 单数is，复数are，I am, you are是特例，不可数也用is。 二、人称代词 人称代词分为：主格和宾格 人称代词 主格 宾格 我 I me 我们 we us 你/你们 you you 他 he him 她 she her 它 it it 他们 they them 1.主格用来作句中的主语，例：They are doctors. 2.宾格用在动词和介词后，本册书上出现的词组： 动宾：show her around push me teach us write him a letter let us/me give it a cake 介宾：What’s wrong with him? a Christmas card for you in front of her chat with them on the Internet 三、too的用法 too在句中解释为(太)，句末解释为(也)。 例：1.This soup is too hot. That bed is too hard. Billy is too fat.(太) 2.I like skating, too.=I also like skating.(也) 注意：否定句中too要变成either如：I don’t like pigs either. 四、序数词 one—first two—second three—third four—fourth five—fifth six—sixth It’s on the first floor. They’re on the second floor. 注意点： 1.序数词一般要与the连用例：第一层楼the first floor 2.在某一层楼用介词on 例：在第二层楼on the second floor 3.当序数词前有代词my, your, this, that…，就不能加the如：my first teacher 4.当序数词前有名词所有格时也不能加the，如Tom’s third trip to Shanghai 五、哪些情况加动词原形： 1.can 2.let 3.助动词do/does ★六、哪些情况加动词ing(动名词/现在分词) 1.like 2.go 3.be good at 4.be 注意：动词ing形式的变化规则： (1)直接加ing：draw—drawing eat—eating listen—listening (2)以不发音的e结尾的，去e加ing：dance—dancing skate—skating make——making have—having write—writing live—living (3)以重读闭音节结尾，呈现“辅元辅”结构的，双写末字母加ing: swim—swimming run—running chat—chatting sit—sitting put—putting shop—shopping ★七、主语是三单时，动词要变成动词三单形式，加s/es/ies，注意以下句子： 1.主语(第三人称单数)+(often/always/...)+动词第三人称单数形式+其他. 肯定句口诀：主三单，动三单，其他用动原 2.Does+主语(第三人称单数)+动词原形+其他? 问句口诀：三单does，其他do，后面用动原。 3.主语(第三人称单数)+doesn't+动词原形+其他. 否定句口诀：三单doesn't，其他don't，后面用动原。 注意：动词第三人称单数变化规则如下： (1)一般情况下，动词后面直接加s.如：work-works, play-plays, read-reads (2)以ch, sh, s, x或o结尾的动词，在后面加-es.如：teach-teaches, watch-watches, do-does, go-goes (3)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，去y加ies.如：study-studies, fly-flies, carry-carries 八、相同意思不同用法的辨析 1.有①there is/are 例：There is some milk in the glass. ②have/has 例：She has an animal friend. 注意：have/has前面必须有主语 2.和①and (Mike and his family) often go to the park at weekends. ②with (Mike) often goes to the park with (his family)at weekends. 3.也①too He likes reading stories too. ②also He also likes reading stories. ③either(否定句) He doesn’t like reading stories either. 4.很多①a lot of I eat a lot of sweets. ②a lot Billy always eats a lot. / Thanks a lot.非常感谢。 九、易混淆词汇 1.who’s(是谁) he’s(他是) swim there(跟is/are连用，译为有；单独用译为那里。) whose(谁的) his(他的) swing their(他们的) there are有 they’re他们是 these这些 pretty漂亮的 present礼物 parent父或母 2.职业类易错词teacher worker writer driver cook 动词 teach work write drive cook 3.介词：in front of / between / beside / under / behind 4.关于时间顺序的连接词：first—next—then—finally 十、易错词组 1.play basketball（球类不加the） play the piano（乐器一定要加the） 2.at Christmas on Christmas Day/Eve（有了Day和Eve，前面用on） 3.at six o’clock（at+几点钟） on Wednesday（on+星期） 4.in the morning/afternoon/evening in winter 5.看故事read stories /read a story（单词不落单，要么复数，要么单数） 6.故事书read storybooks /read a storybook 7.buy...for /send...to/write...to /show...around/give...to 8.swim well（副词） have dancing/singing/swimming lessons 9.on the tree（水果长在树上） in the tree（外来物） 10.a glass of milk（单数） two glasses of milk（复数） 11.动名词用法：可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语等。 like skating/a swimming pool/Reading is fun. 十一、文化板块 1.Coffee is popular in Western countries. Tea is popular in China. 2.在英国一楼为ground floor，在美国一楼为first floor（记美国往上英国比美国少1） 如The 100th floor in the US is the 99th floor in the UK. 在美国的第100楼是英国的第99楼。 3.China (pandas) US (bald eagles) Canada (polar bears) Australia (kangaroos) 4.US (cop firefighter) UK (policeman fireman) 5.US (basketball) UK (football) China (table tennis) 6.英文邮件地址书写：姓名+地址由小到大（和中国正好相反，地址由大到小+姓名） 十二、必会句型( 1.There is some milk in the glass. There is a bear on the desk. There are some beds in the room. 2.There is a pie and two hamburgers on the plate. 3.Is there any juice in the glass? Yes, there is. Is there an apple on the desk? Yes, there is. Are there any bears on the desk? No, there aren’t. 4.What is on the table? There are some pies on the table, but there isn’t any soup on the table. 5.How many classrooms are there in our school? There are 24 classrooms. / There is only one. 6.I/We/You/They have two fish. 7.He/She/It/Mike has two legs. 8.Do they have an animal friend? Yes, they do./No, they don’t. 9.Does he/she/your friend have an animal friend? Yes, he/she does./No, he/she doesn’t. 10.What do you like doing? I like watching films. 11.What does he/she/your father like doing? He/She likes reading stories. 12.What do you do? I’m a doctor. I help sick people. 13.What does your mother do? She’s a writer. She writes stories. She works at home. 14.How old is he? He is 11 years old.（1 year old一岁，不加s） 15.Can he speak Chinese? Yes, he can./No, he can’t. 16.Does he have Chinese lessons at school? No, he doesn’t. He studies Chinese after school. 17.Does he like plying football? Yes, he does. He likes swimming. 18.What subjects do you like? I like PE and Maths. 19.What subjects does he like? He likes English and Art. 20.What do you do at weekends? I usually go to the cinema. 21.What does he/she/your friend do at weekends? He/She often/sometimes flies a kite. 十三、其他重要句子 1.Where are the cakes? They’re in the fridge. 2.Bobby cannot see any cakes. 3.It’s time for dinner.=It’s time to have dinner. 4.They have no legs or arms.=They don’t have any legs or arms. 5.Who’s that, Bobby? He’s my father. 6.Its body is hard.（区分its和it’s） 7.I can play basketball well, but I am not good at football. 8.Sam has many fish, but Bobby does not have any. 9.Su Hai and I like playing with their cat. 10.She sometimes goes to the cinema with her friends. 11.Summer /Christmas comes. 12.I like picnics.=I like having picnics. 13.We always have a lot of fun at Christmas./We all have a good time. 14.First, we buy presents for our family and friends. 15.What’s wrong with him/her/you?=What’s the matter with him/her/you? 十四、重点语法 1.There be...(某地有某物)，注意就近原则(只看第一个) (1)There is+单数/不可数名词+地点 如：There is a house and three bears in the forest. There is some soup on the table. (2)There are+可数名词的复数+地点 如：There are three beds in the room. 2.There be句型的一般疑问句的变化：将be(are/is)提前，遇到some变any，第一人称(my, our)与第二人称互换(your)。 3.There be句型的否定句的变化：在be(are/is)后加not，遇到some改any，and改or 4.can/can’t+动词原形 如：I can run./She can dance./He can jump./I can’t sing.以can开头，肯定回答以can结尾，否定回答以can’t结尾。 5.How many+可数名词的复数，如：How many classrooms are there in your school? 6.It’s time for+名词=It’s time to+动词原形，如：It’s time for dinner.=It’s time to have dinner. 7.have/has的用法：has用于第三人称单数，其余用have. 8.助动词do/does/don’t/doesn’t的用法： (1)does/doesn’t用于第三人称单数，其余用do/don’t. (2)如果句中出现助动词(do/does/don’t/doesn’t)后接动词原形。 以Do开头，肯定回答以do结尾，否定回答以don’t结尾。 以Does开头，肯定回答以does结尾，否定回答以doesn’t结尾。 9.like/likes用法：主语是第三人称单数则用likes，遇到like/likes后接动词ing. 10....’d like=...would like+名词 ...’d like=...would like+to动词原形 如：I’d like some apples./I’d like to dance. 10.be good at+名词/be good at+动词ing. 如：be good at football/be good at playing football 11.go+动词ing(去...) 如：go swimming/go skating/go boating/go fishing/go skiing 12.动词原形+well如：skate well/swim well 13.感叹句：What+n.! How+adj./adv/! 十五、重要句型复习 1.表示某地有某物的句型： There is/are...+地点 2.表示某人太.../那么.../非常... 主语+am/is/are+too.../so.../very... 3.表示这里有某物句型： Here is.../are.. 4.表示某地有某物的句型的一般疑问句： Is there.../Are there...+地点? 5.询问在某地有多少...的句型 How many...are there+地点？ How much...is there+地点？ 6.表示...在哪里的句型： 主语+am/is/are+地点 7.表示某物、某人有...（描述外貌特征）： 主语+have/has... →（no=not any同义句转换） 8.表示某人喜欢做.../能做...（喜好，能力）： 主语+like.../can... 9.询问某人喜欢做什么句型： What do/does+主语+like doing? 10.询问职业的句型： What do/does sb. do? =What is/are sb’s job(s)? =What is/are sb.? 11.询问对方是你的什么人的句型（问关系） Who is/are sb.? 12.询问某人喜欢做.../能做.../有...的句型： Do/Does sb. like doing...? Can sb. do...? Do/Does sb. have...? 13.询问对方喜欢什么课程的句型： What subjects do/does sb. like? 14.询问某人在周末做什么的句型： What do/does sb. do at weekends? 15.询问某人怎么了句型： What’s wrong with sb.?=What’s the matter with sb.? 十六、语音 5A U1语音c, ck发/k/ cake, coat, cold, come, cup, doctor, cousin, black, snack, sock 5A U2语音c发/s/ Alice, nice, ice, juice, dance, cinema, bicycle （c在i, e, y前发/s/） 5A U3语音u发/ʌ/ bus, duck, summer, sun, umbrella, but, up, rubber, study, subject 也可发/ju:/ cute, music, US 也可发/u:/ blue, ruler, June, super （u在辅音字母j, l, r, s后面时发/u:/） 5A U4语音y发/j/ year, yellow, yes, you, young 也可发/aɪ/ my, sky, fly, July 也可发/ɪ/ city, lady, family, story 5A U5语音y发/aɪ/ sky butterfly fly my try why （复习U4语音，一般开头发/j/，末尾发/aɪ/或/ɪ/） 5A U6语音w发/w/ watch water week winter woman weather we 5A U7语音s发/z/ visit always his has music 5A U8语音j发/dʒ/ jacket juice jump subject 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $