内容正文:
专题01 动词时态、语态
目 录
01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02 时空导航·网络构建 3
03 题型通关·靶向突破 4
考点一 一般现在时 4
考点二 一般过去时 9
考点三 一般将来时 15
考点四 现在完成时 20
考点五 现在进行时 26
考点六 过去进行时 31
考点七 被动语态 36
04 优题精选·练能提分 41
考查形式
2025年
2024年
考情剖析
完形填空、短文填空
一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、动词不定式、被动语态(一般现在时)
一般过去时、一般现在时、动词不定式、现在进行时、被动语态(一般过去时)
考情分析
1. 时态考查
一般现在时:常出现在客观事实、习惯性动作或状态描述中。
如:2024年完形填空第10题“Linda has grown up.”(第三人称单数)
一般过去时:叙事性文体中高频出现,描述过去发生的动作或状态。
如:2025年完形填空第18题“His life changed all of a sudden.”
现在完成时:强调动作对现在的影响或持续状态。
如:2024年短文填空第54题“She has made crochet artworks for about 50 years.”
动词不定式:常作目的状语、宾语补足语等。
如:2024年短文填空第55题“It takes me one week to finish a crochet artwork.”
2. 语态考查
被动语态:主要考查一般现在时和一般过去时的被动形式。
2024年短文填空第72题:“The dough was made either too soft or too hard.”(一般过去时被动)
2025年短文填空第72题:“these plans were not easily accepted.”(一般过去时被动)
命题预测
语境化考查:时态和语态不单独设题,而是融入语篇中,要求考生根据上下文逻辑和时间状语判断。
综合性强:常与主谓一致、非谓语动词、连词等结合考查。
贴近生活:选材多围绕青少年生活、成长故事、文化科技等,语境真实自然。
重视基础与时态辨析:尤其是一般过去时与现在完成时的区别、被动语态的结构辨识。
考点一 一般现在时
一、基本构成
1. 动词be(am/is/are)的句子结构
肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + 其他
I am a freshman. 我是个新生。
She is a student. 她是一名学生。
否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + 其他
I am not a freshman. 我不是新生。
She is not a student. 她不是一名学生。
一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 其他?
Are you a freshman? 你是新生吗?
Is she a student? 她是一名学生吗?
回答:Yes, 主语 + am/is/are. / No, 主语 + am/is/are + not.
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 其他?
Who is she? 她是谁?
【be动词与人称搭配】
我(I)用am,你/你们(you)用are,is用于他(he)她(she)它(it);单数is,复数are。
2. 实义动词的句子结构
肯定句:
主语(非第三人称单数)+ 动词原形 + 其他
We get up at 7:00 every morning. 我们每天早上7点起床。
I go to school by car. 我开车去学校。
主语(第三人称单数)+ 动词三单形式 + 其他
She gets up at 7:00 every morning. 她每天早上7点起床。
She gets up early every morning. 她每天早上都起得很早。
否定句:
主语(非第三人称单数)+ don't + 动词原形 + 其他
We don't get up at 7:00 every morning. 我们不是每天早上7点起床的。
I don't go to school by car. 我不是开车去学校。
主语(第三人称单数)+ doesn't + 动词原形 + 其他
She doesn't get up at 7:00 every morning. 她不是每天早上7点起床的。
She doesn't get up early every morning. 每天早上她起得不早。
一般疑问句:
Do + 主语(非第三人称单数)+ 动词原形 + 其他?
Do you get up at 7:00 every morning? 你每天早上7点起床吗?
Do you go to school by car? 你开车去学校吗?
Does + 主语(第三人称单数)+ 动词原形 + 其他?
Does she get up at 7:00 every morning? 她每天早上7点起床吗?
Does she get up early every morning? 她每天早上都起得很早吗?
回答:Yes, 主语 + do/does. / No, 主语 + don't/doesn't.
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + do/does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
When do you get up every morning? 你早上什么时候起床?
3. 动词第三人称单数变化规则
情况
构成方法
例词
一般情况
直接加-s
read→reads, love→loves, eat→eats, rise→rises
以s, o, x, ch, sh, z结尾
加-es
discuss→discusses, teach→teaches, wash→washes, box→boxes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾
变y为i,再加-es
carry→carries, fly→flies, study→studies
不规则变化
特殊形式
have→has, be→am/is/are
【什么是第三人称单数?】
人称代词:他(he)、她(she)、它(it)
单数的人(如:my father, the teacher)
地名、数字或字母
可数名词单数、不可数名词
不定代词:someone, somebody, something, nobody, no one, everything, everyone, anybody等
指示代词:this, that
二、常与一般现在时连用的标志词
频率副词:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never
on + 星期复数:on Mondays, on weekends
in + 早中晚:in the morning
every短语:every day, every year
固定周期:once a week, twice a year
三、主要用法
1. 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态
常与usually, always, often, sometimes, never, every day等表示频度的时间状语连用。
I often take a walk in the park. 我经常在公园散步。
On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour to drive to work. 星期一早晨,我通常花费一小时开车去上班。
She gets up at 6:30 every morning. 她每天早上6:30起床。
2. 表示客观真理、科学事实、格言或警句
The earth moves around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。
As we all know, the earth travels around the sun. 众所周知,地球围绕太阳转。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。
3. 在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来(主将从现)
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。
If you come this afternoon, we'll have a meeting. 如果你今天下午过来,我们将开个会。
If it doesn't rain tomorrow, I will go bike riding in the open air. 如果明天不下雨,我将在户外骑自行车。
I'll tell her the good news when she comes back. 当她回来的时候,我将把这个好消息告诉她。
4. 表示按计划、时刻表发生的将来动作
仅限于come, go, leave, start, begin, arrive, return, take place等动词。
The train leaves at 8:00 tonight. 火车今晚8点出发。
My dream school starts at 8:30 am and ends at 3:30 pm. 我理想的学校上午8:30上课,下午3:30放学。
5. 其他用法
以here/there开头引导的倒装句,表示正在发生的动作/状态
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
用于文章标题、图片说明、电影说明、戏剧内容及场景解说等
The film explores the daily lives of ordinary people in a small town. 这部电影探索了小镇上普通人的日常生活。
四、易错提醒
1、表示客观真理时,宾语从句不受主句的限制,用一般现在时。
2、if条件状语从句中可用shall或will表示意愿,但不表示时态。
3、be, like, hate, sound, believe, want, belong等动词,常用一般现在时。
4、句型I hope, I bet等后面的that从句及句型make sure that从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
5、注意区分第三人称单数的主语,确保动词形式正确。
五、新疆中考真题示例(2025年任务阅读):
My father encouraged me to take one more shot. I held my breath, stared at the target and shot the arrow. Again, I missed the target! But I got closer to it. I kept trying and finally I made it! “See, son. Nobody is born to do well in everything. Never give up, and you can do it,” said my father.
阅读短文,根据语篇内容,在方框内的缩写文章中,填入与短文意思最符合的单词,每空一词。
The time I was to give up, my father 64 me to go on.
1.(2025·西藏·中考真题)Zhuoma never (waste) food and she sets a good example for her sister.
2.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)It (make) up of a few old towns and villages.
3.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)Here is the information we got from him. The city (have) a short history.
4.(2025·甘肃兰州·中考真题)Lanzhou (receive) a large number of visitors every year.
5.(2025·四川达州·中考真题)He always (spend) time with his family on weekends.
6.(2024·甘肃兰州·中考真题)I don’t have a volleyball, but my brother Jim (do).
7.(2024·内蒙古包头·中考真题)—What time does John usually have breakfast on school days?
—He usually breakfast at 7 o’clock. (have)
8.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)Education (keep) your choice open.
9.(2023·新疆·中考真题)Many Zhuang people (唱) songs while walking, farming and doing housework.
10.(2023·新疆·中考真题)I have a memory like an elephant and I never f anything.
考点二 一般过去时
一、基本定义
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
二、基本构成
1. 动词be(was/were)的句子结构
肯定句:主语 + was/were + 其他
I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。
They were at school last week. 他们上周在学校。
否定句:主语 + wasn't/weren't + 其他
I wasn't at home yesterday. 我昨天没在家。
They weren't at school last week. 他们上周没在学校。
一般疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + 其他?
Were you at home yesterday? 你昨天在家吗?
Were they at school last week? 他们上周在学校吗?
回答:Yes, 主语 + was/were. / No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't.
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 其他?
Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪?
Where were they last week? 他们上周在哪?
2. 实义动词的句子结构
肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他
I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天看了电影。
I visited Beijing last summer. 我去年夏天去了北京。
He often went to school by bus last term. 上学期他经常乘公共汽车去上学。
否定句:主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他
I didn't go to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天没看电影。
I didn't visit Beijing last summer. 我去年夏天没去北京。
一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
Did you go to the cinema yesterday? 你昨天去看电影了吗?
Did you visit Beijing last summer? 你去年夏天去北京了吗?
回答:Yes, 主语 + did. / No, 主语 + didn't.
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪儿了?
What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么?
【巧学妙记口诀】
动词一般过去时,过去时间作标记。
表示过去发生事,谓语要用过去式。
否定句很简单,主语之后didn't添。
疑问构成也简单,主语前面did添。
还有一点不能忘,后面的谓语现原形。
三、动词过去式的变化规则
情况
规则
例词
一般情况
直接加-ed
play→played, discuss→discussed, wash→washed, help→helped
以不发音的e结尾
直接加-d
provide→provided, like→liked, hope→hoped
以辅音字母加y结尾
变y为i,再加-ed
carry→carried, try→tried, study→studied
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词
双写辅音字母,再加-ed
plan→planned, refer→referred, stop→stopped
【注意】 需熟记常见不规则动词的过去式(如:go→went, do→did, see→saw等)。
四、常与一般过去时连用的标志词
类别
标志词
昨天相关
yesterday(昨天)、the day before yesterday(前天)、yesterday evening(昨晚)、last night(昨晚)
刚才相关
just now(刚才)、a moment ago(片刻前)、three days ago(三天前)
具体过去时间
last week(上周)、last month(上个月)、last year(去年)、in 1998(在1998年)、in 2015(在2015年)、three days ago(三天前)
持续性时间
in the past(在过去)、in the past three years(在过去的三年里)
习惯性动作时间
when I was five(当我五岁时)、at the age of five(五岁时)、when I was at middle school(当我上中学时)
一般性过去
once(曾经)、long ago(很久以前)、the other day(前几天)、once upon a time(从前)、long long ago(很久很久以前)
五、主要用法
1. 表示在过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态
I met him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上遇到他了。
He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。
Her brother lost a basketball game. 她的兄弟输了一场篮球赛。
2. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作(习惯性动作)
When I was a child, I often played in this park. 当我还是个孩子时,我经常在这个公园玩。
We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。
When I was at middle school, I often went to school by bike. 我读中学时经常骑自行车去学校。
【注意】 表示过去经常发生的动作还可用以下表达:
used to + 动词原形:表示过去常常做某事(现在不做了)
He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn't now. 他过去经常抽烟,但现在不抽了。
would + 动词原形:表示过去的习惯性动作
Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 每当我们遇到困难,他都会帮助我们。
3. 表示主语过去的特征或性格
At that time she was very good at English. 那时她英语学得很好。
4. 在时间、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时
He said he would tell her when she came back. 他说当她回来的时候他会告诉她。
He said he would not go if it rained. 他说要是下雨,他就不去。
He said he would wait until they came back. 他说他会一直等到他们回来。
5. 用于固定句型中
It is/has been + 一段时间 + since...did sth.:自从做某事已经一段时间了
would/had rather sb. did sth.:宁愿某人做某事
It is time you went to bed.:到了你上床睡觉的时间了。
6. 使语气更委婉(与某些动词连用)
wish, wonder, think, hope, want, intend等动词用过去时,表示试探性的询问、请求、建议等,使语气更委婉。
I thought you might have some. 我原以为你会有一些的。
I wondered if you could help me. 不知你能不能帮我一下。
I didn't expect to meet you here. 我没想到会在这儿遇到你。
7. 叙述历史事实
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 我们老师告诉我们,哥伦布在1492年发现美洲。
8. 表示一系列按顺序发生的动作
即使有先后顺序,但如果不强调先后,都用一般过去时,最后两个动词之间用and连接。
He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared. 他打开门,冲了出去,然后就消失了。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 我的阿姨给我一个帽子然后我弄丢了。
六、易错提醒和特殊用法
1. 语境中的灵活使用
有些句子虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语,但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态,也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know, think, expect等,表示"本来认为"。
—Your phone number again? I didn't quite catch it. 请再说一次你的电话号码,好吗?我刚才没听清楚。
—It's 2566666. 是2566666。
I didn't know you were here. 我不知道你在这里。
2. 一般过去时代替过去完成时的情况
(1)两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but等连词时,多用一般过去时。
When she saw the mouse, she screamed. 当她看到老鼠时,她尖叫了。
(2)两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。
When I heard the news, I was very excited. 当我听到这个消息时,我非常激动。(一般过去时)
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当公共汽车终于来了的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。(过去完成时)
3. as if/as though引导的从句
在as if/as though引导的从句中用一般过去时表示虚拟语气。
4. 时态一致性要求
有时用一般过去时是为了保持时态一致的需要。
七、新疆中考真题示例(2025年短文填空):
Then people 79 (follow) him without question. With his efforts, Qin 80 (become) the strongest of all the states.。
1.(2025·山东日照·中考真题)I (借) the book to Ted last week, but he hasn’t returned it yet.
2.(2025·江苏淮安·中考真题)Last week, we (watch) a fashion show in the school hall.
3.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)It’s clean and beautiful now, but in the past there (be) a lot of pollution.
4.(2025·山东泰安·中考真题)—What happened to you yesterday afternoon?
—I (跌落) off the electric bicycle. Luckily, I wore a helmet and didn’t hurt my head.
5.(2025·黑龙江·中考真题)With the help of his classmates, he (success) in solving the problems an hour ago.
6.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)Yesterday, we (work) out the problem with our teacher’s help.
7.(2024·山东日照·中考真题)Tina c the last bus and got home safe and sound.
8.(2024·西藏·中考真题)Last year, my brother (finish) high school and we went camping by a lake.
9.(2023·西藏·中考真题)Last week, I (visit) the computer museum with my classmates.
10.(2023·江苏无锡·中考真题)China’s Shenzhou-15 astronauts (take) a 7-hour-long spacewalk in February, 2023.
考点三 一般将来时
一、基本定义
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作、事情或存在的状态,也表示将来经常反复发生的动作或事情。
二、主要表达方式及结构
1. will/shall + 动词原形
结构:
肯定句:主语 + will/shall + 动词原形
否定句:主语 + will not/shall not + 动词原形(will not = won't, shall not = shan't)
一般疑问句:Will/Shall + 主语 + 动词原形?
用法特点:
will用于各人称,shall传统上用于第一人称(I, we),但现在常被will代替
在征求意见时常用于第二人称
表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来事件
示例:
I will call you tomorrow. 我明天会给你打电话。
She will call you tomorrow. 她明天会给你打电话。
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点你会在家吗?
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?
They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去工厂参观。
Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 今天是星期六,明天将是星期日。
2. be going to + 动词原形
结构:
肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + going to + 动词原形
否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + going to + 动词原形
一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形?
用法特点:
表示主语的意图,即将做某事
表示计划、安排要发生的事
表示有迹象要发生的事
示例:
What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你打算做什么?
They are going to travel to Japan next week. 他们下周要去日本旅行。
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,暴风雨快来了。
I am going to the supermarket. 我正要去超市。(新疆中考2025年示例)
We're going to have a picnic this weekend. 我们这周末要去野餐。
3. 现在进行时表将来
结构:主语 + am/is/are + 现在分词
用法特点:
多用于已安排好的事件
动词多为表示位置移动的动词:come, go, leave, start, arrive, fly, reach, stay, die等
示例:
We are leaving for Shanghai next Monday. 我们下周一要去上海。
I'm meeting my boss at 3 PM. 我下午3点要见老板。
He's leaving for Paris. 他正准备离开去巴黎。
4. 一般现在时表将来
结构:主语 + 动词原形/三单形式
用法特点:
用于固定日程或时刻表安排
如列车时刻、课程表、演出时间等
示例:
The film starts at 7:00 pm. 电影晚上7点开始。
The train leaves at 8:00 tonight. 火车今晚8点发车。
5. be + 不定式表将来
结构:主语 + am/is/are + to + 动词原形
用法特点:按计划或正式安排将发生的事
示例:
We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下周六讨论这份报告。
We are to talk about the report next Saturday. 我们将在下周六讨论这个报告。
6. be about to + 动词原形
结构:主语 + am/is/are + about to + 动词原形
用法特点:表示"马上做某事",强调动作即将发生
重要提醒:be about to不能与tomorrow, next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用
示例:
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
三、will和be going to的区别
will
be going to
基本区别
临时决定 → will
有计划 → be going to
决定时间
说话时刚做出的决定
事先经过考虑、安排好
示例
A: The phone is ringing!(电话响了!)
B: I'll answer it.(我去接。)
We're going to have a picnic this weekend.(我们这周末要去野餐。)
预测依据
预测未来(无明确计划)
有迹象表明某事即将发生
示例
I think it will rain tomorrow.(我觉得明天会下雨。)
Look at the dark clouds! It's going to rain.(看那些乌云!要下雨了。)
其他功能
承诺、请求或威胁
表示意图、计划
示例
I will always love you.(我会永远爱你。)
Will you please turn on the radio?(请打开收音机好吗?)
Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.(今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。)
自然规律
表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展
一般不用于自然规律
示例
He will be thirty years old this time next year.(明年这个时候他将三十岁了。)
四、常与一般将来时连用的时间状语
类别
时间状语
tomorrow系列
tomorrow, tomorrow morning, tomorrow afternoon, tomorrow evening
next系列
next week, next year, next month, next Sunday, next Monday
this系列
this year, this Sunday, this weekend, this afternoon
in系列
in an hour, in two days, in three weeks, in the future
其他
soon, some day, from now on, later, in a few minutes
【位置】 时间状语可放句首或句尾。
Next year, I will study abroad. = I will study abroad next year.
五、特殊用法和易错提醒
1. 现在进行时表将来的特殊情况
有些趋向性动词可用进行时表将来,如:go, come, arrive, fly, reach, stay, leave, start, die等
I'm going to go to the zoo this weekend. = I'm going to the zoo this weekend.
The old man is dying. = The old man will die.
2. 口语中的常见缩写
will not → won't
shall not → shan't
I will → I'll
They will → They'll
She will → She'll
They are going to → They're going to(正式)/ They're gonna(非正式口语)
3. 注意事项
will和be going to的选择:根据是临时决定还是事先计划来选择
be about to的局限性:不能与明确将来时间状语连用
时态一致性:在时间、条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来(主将从现)
不同表达方式的语气差异:
will/shall:较正式,多用于书面语
be going to:较口语化,表示计划和意图
现在进行时:强调已安排妥当
一般现在时:强调不可更改的固定安排
1.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)The environment is much better now, and it (get) even better in the future.
2.(2024·江苏无锡·中考真题)Some people believe robots (take) most jobs away from humans in the future.
3.(2023·江苏无锡·中考真题)There (be) at least six underground lines in Wuxi in five years’ time.
4.(2023·湖南常德·中考真题)—What’s your prediction about the future?
—I think there (be) less pollution.
5.(2023·湖南永州·中考真题)My parents and I (visit)Yangmingshan Mountain this winter.
考点四 现在完成时
一、基本构成
1. 句子结构
肯定句:主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 (+ 宾语/其他)
I have seen the film before. 我以前看过这部电影。
She has lived here for ten years. 她住在这里十年了。
否定句:主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 (+ 宾语/其他)
I haven't seen the film before. 我以前没看过这部电影。
He hasn't finished his homework yet. 他还没有完成作业。
一般疑问句:Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ 宾语/其他)?
Have you seen the film before? 你以前看过这部电影吗?
Has he finished his homework? 他完成作业了吗?
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ 其他)?
How long have you lived here? 你在这里住了多久?
What have you done? 你做了什么?
二、动词过去分词的变化规则
情况
规则
例词
一般动词
直接加-ed
work→worked→worked, visit→visited→visited
以"e"结尾
只加-d
live→lived→lived, like→liked→liked
以"辅音字母+y"结尾
变y为i,再加-ed
study→studied→studied, cry→cried→cried
重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母
双写该辅音字母,再加-ed
stop→stopped→stopped, drop→dropped→dropped
不规则动词
需熟记不规则动词表
cut→cut→cut, hit→hit→hit, go→went→gone
三、核心用法
1. 已完成用法(结果影响用法)
核心:过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果。动作发生在过去,但说话的焦点是现在的结果或状态,而非动作发生的时间。
常见信号词:already(已经),just(刚刚),yet(还/已经),recently(最近)
示例:
I have lost my keys. 我把钥匙弄丢了。(结果:我现在没有钥匙,进不了门。)
He has finished his homework. 他做完作业了。(结果:他现在可以玩了。)
I have already posted the photo. 我已经把照片寄走了。(强调post对现在的影响:照片不在这里。)
I've just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。
2. 未完成用法(持续用法)
核心:动作或状态始于过去,一直持续到现在,并可能继续下去。
重要限制:必须与"延续性动词"或"表示状态"的动词连用(如live, work, study, know, be等)。
标志性时间状语:
for + 时间段:for two hours, for three days, for ten years
since + 时间点:since last Monday, since 1999, since 2010
How long...?(询问持续时间)
示例:
He has lived here since 1978. 自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在)
I have lived here for ten years. 我住在这里十年了。(从十年前住到现在)
She has been a teacher since 2010. 她从2010年起就是老师。(从2010年持续到现在)
She has made crochet artworks for about 50 years. 她制作钩针工艺品已有大约50年了。(新疆中考2024年示例)
3. 经验用法(经历用法)
核心:表示主语从过去到现在人生中曾经有过的经历,强调"有没有做过",不关心具体时间。
常见信号词:ever(曾经),never(从未),次数表达(once,twice,three times),before(以前)
示例:
Have you ever been to Japan? 你去过日本吗?
I have never seen a real panda. 我从未见过真熊猫。
He has read this book three times. 这本书他读过三遍了。
四、与现在完成时连用的时间状语
现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态,具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。
类别
时间状语
示例
时间段状语
for + 时间段
for three days, for ten years
时间点状语
since + 时间点
since 1999, since last Monday
笼统过去时间
already, never, ever, just, yet, before
I have already finished.
包含过去到现在的时间
lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far
How have you been recently?
询问持续时间
How long...?
How long have you lived here?
【for和since的具体用法】
for + 时间段:译为"……时间"
since + 过去一个时间点:译为"自从……以来"
since + 时间段 + ago:since three years ago
since + 从句(过去时):since I was a child
It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时):It is three years since I graduated.
【注意】 现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago, just now等。
五、易错提醒和重要区别
1. 延续性动词 vs. 非延续性动词(瞬间动词)
问题:非延续性动词(如buy, die, join, leave, borrow, come, arrive, finish)在肯定句中不能与for/since引导的持续性时间状语连用,表示"未完成"用法。
错误示例:
~~He has died for three years.~~(die是瞬间动作,不能持续)
~~I have bought this book for two weeks.~~
正确表达:
He died three years ago. 或 He has been dead for three years.(把非延续动词换成延续性状态)
I bought this book two weeks ago. 或 I have had this book for two weeks.
【常见非延续动词转换为延续性状态的方法】
come/arrive/reach/get to → be in/at
go out → be out
finish → be over
open → be open
die → be dead
buy → have
fall ill → be ill
come back → be back
put on → be on/wear
worry → be worried
catch a cold → have a cold
join → be in/be a member of
leave → be away (from)
2. have been to vs. have gone to的区别
表达
含义
示例
has/have been to
表示"去过某地(现在已经回来了)",是一种经验。
She has been to Paris twice.(她去过巴黎两次。)
has/have gone to
表示"已经去了某地(现在在路上或在那里,不在这里)"。
She has gone to Paris.(她去巴黎了。)(她现在不在这里)
3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
方面
现在完成时
一般过去时
侧重点
侧重于对现在的影响或结果
侧重于动作发生在过去某个具体时间
时间状语
不能与具体过去时间连用
必须与具体过去时间连用
连接现在
与现在有联系
与现在无联系
示例对比
I have seen the film.(我看过这部电影。)(现在我仍记得内容)
I saw the film three days ago.(三天前我看了这部电影。)(强调是三天前)
时间状语示例
already, yet, just, ever, never, for..., since...
yesterday, last week, ...ago, in 2002, just now
【对比示例】
She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。(现在仍住在这里)
She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。(现在可能不住这里了)
He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。(现在仍是团员)
Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。(只强调昨晚的动作)
4. 其他注意事项
现在完成时不能与when连用:when只能与具体过去时间连用
在时间、条件状语从句中:用现在完成时代替将来完成时
"It/This is the first time that..."句型:从句用现在完成时
在"最高级+名词"后的定语从句中:常用现在完成时
新疆中考真题示例(2024年短文填空):
A 68-year-old woman from Shandong Province now teaches crocheting (钩针编织) online and offline. She has made crochet artworks 54 about 50 years.
1.(2025·西藏·中考真题)So far, China (turn) parts of deserts into forests.
2.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)Mr. Chen (live) there for over 50 years, so we went to interview him.
3.(2025·四川眉山·中考真题)As a stamp lover, Xiao Ning has c plenty of special stamps over these years.
4.(2025·江苏扬州·中考真题)Recently, more and more people have to visit Yangzhou during holidays. (choose)
5.(2024·西藏·中考真题)China (plan) to export (出口) railway technology to countries along the Belt and Road (一带一路) so far.
6.(2024·江苏无锡·中考真题)The Shenzhou-18 astronauts (work) in Tiangong space station since late April.
7.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)Have you ever (try) Chinese food outside of China?
8.(2023·西藏·中考真题)I (be)a teacher in Xizang for 40 years.
考点五 现在进行时
一、基本构成
1. 句子结构
肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + 现在分词(v-ing) (+ 其他)
I am reading a book. 我正在看书。
The man is playing golf. 那名男子正在打高尔夫球。
We are watching TV now. 我们现在正在看电视。
否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + 现在分词 (+ 其他)
I am not reading. 我没有在看书。
He is not playing football in the playground now. 他现在不在操场上踢足球。
一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 现在分词 (+ 其他)?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + am/is/are.
否定回答:No, 主语 + am/is/are + not.
Are you listening to music? 你在听音乐吗?Yes, I am. 是的,我在听。
Is he doing his homework? 他正在做家庭作业吗?No, he isn't. 不,他没在做。
特殊疑问句:
疑问词(不作主语) + am/is/are + 主语 + 现在分词 (+ 其他)?
What is your father doing? 你的爸爸正在做什么?
He is watching TV. 他正在看电视。
疑问词(作主语) + am/is/are + 现在分词 (+ 其他)?
Who is speaking in the room? 谁正在房间里说话?Tom. 汤姆。
【注意】 现在进行时的特殊疑问句不可直接用Yes或No回答,而要根据实际情况回答。
二、现在分词(v-ing)的变化规则
情况
规则
示例
大部分动词
直接加-ing
walk→walking, show→showing, sleep→sleeping
以不发音的字母e结尾
去掉e,再加-ing
come→coming, dance→dancing, bite→biting
以ie结尾
变ie为y,再加-ing
lie→lying, tie→tying, die→dying
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词
双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-ing
get→getting, plan→planning, sit→sitting, begin→beginning, put→putting, run→running, stop→stopping, cut→cutting
特殊注意:be应为助动词,一定不要漏掉!它应与主语的人称和数保持一致:
I用am,he/she/it(包括单数名词和不可数名词)用is,you/we/they(包括复数名词)用are。
三、主要用法
1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作
标志词:now, at this moment, Look!, Listen!等
示例:
Listen! Someone is singing. 听!有人正在唱歌。
We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
The teacher is giving us an English lesson. 老师正在给我们上英语课。
Look! She is singing an English song. 看,她正在唱英语歌。
【使用场景】
当句子中有now时,常表示动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。
They are playing basketball now. 现在他们正在打篮球。
以look, listen开头的句子,提示我们动作正进行,这时要用现在进行时。
Listen! She is singing an English song. 听,她正在唱英语歌。
描述图片中的人物的动作,为了表达更生动,此时也常用现在进行时。
Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park. 看这幅图,那些孩子正在公园放风筝。
2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作(未必说话时正在发生)
标志词:these days, this week, these days, currently等
示例:
He is writing a novel these days. 他这些天在写小说。
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 格林先生在写另一本小说。(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)
We are making model planes these days. 这些天我们在做飞机模型。
The farmers are getting in their crops. 农民们正在收割庄稼。
3. 表示将来安排(多用于come, go, leave等动词)
表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作,句中的动词常是表示位置移动的动词,如come, go, leave, arrive, start等。
示例:
We are meeting at 3 pm tomorrow. 我们明天下午3点见面。
We're leaving for Shanghai next week. 下周我们要动身去上海。
I'm leaving for a trek in Nepal next week. 我下周打算去尼泊尔徒步旅行。(已经安排了)
We're flying to Paris tomorrow. 我们明天要飞巴黎。(票已经拿到了)
四、现在进行时的特殊用法
1. 表示暂时性的动作或情况
现在进行时可用来表示不会长期发生的动作或情况,或被认为在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的状况。
What's your daughter doing these days? 你女儿现在在干什么?
She's studying English at Durham University. 她在达勒姆大学学习英语。
Don't take that ladder away. Your father's using it. 别把梯子拿走,你父亲在用呢。(即不一定现在在用。)
She's at her best when she's making big decisions. 当做出重大决定时,她处于最佳状态。
2. 表示当前的动向或趋势
People are becoming less tolerant of smoking these days. 如今人们对吸烟较为难以忍受了。
The river is flowing very fast after last night's rain. 昨夜下过雨后,河水流速很快。
3. 表示短促动作的重复
表示短促动作的动词(如jump, knock, beat, pick, skip等)的进行时,表示动作的重复。
The girls are jumping over there. 女孩子们在那边跳。
His heart is beating fast. 他的心脏跳得很快。
4. 表示委婉客气
某些表示希望或想法的动词(如hope, wonder, want等)的进行时可以表示委婉客气。
I'm wondering whether you can help us now. 我想知道你现在能否给我们帮一个忙。
I'm hoping that you will succeed. 我希望你能成功。
五、现在进行时与一般现在时的区别
现在进行时
一般现在时
强调重点
强调目前正在进行的动作
强调经常性或习惯性的动作
时间性
表示当前或现阶段正在进行的动作
表示重复性、规律性的动作
持续性
强调现阶段一直在进行的动作
只表示动作的重复,不表示持续
示例对比1
I'm reading a story now. 我正在看一个故事。(目前正在干的事情)
I read stories in my spare time. 我有空时看故事。(经常性的行为)
示例对比2
They are learning English in the summer holiday. 他们暑假在学英语。(强调持续进行)
They read English every day. 他们每天读英语。(强调习惯)
示例对比3
What are you doing these days? 这几天你在干什么?
They play volleyball every Sunday. 他们每周星期天都打排球。
六、【易错警示】四类动词不用进行时
英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时(不用现在进行时和过去进行时):
表心理状态、情感的动词:如love, hate, like, care, respect, please, prefer, know等。若用进行时则词义改变。
表存在、状态的动词:如appear, exist, lie, remain, stand, seem等。
表感觉的动词:如see, hear, feel, smell, sound, taste等。
表一时性的动词:如accept, allow, admit, decide, end, refuse, permit, promise等。
【注意】 这些动词通常使用一般现在时或其他时态,而不是进行时态。
新疆中考真题示例(2024年短文填空):
Now she is 64 (do) her best to develop some new products.
1.(2025·西藏·中考真题)We (talk) about saving water and electricity now.
2.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)Simon and I (work) on a history project now.
3.(2025·甘肃兰州·中考真题)Look, the kids are (jump) rope in the sports field during the 15-minute break.
4.(2024·四川德阳·中考真题)Tom often does some housework. Now he is f the clothes.
5.(2024·江苏无锡·中考真题)Do you mind turning down the music? I (attend) an online meeting now.
6.(2023·甘肃甘南·中考真题)We’re (考虑)when to hold the English party.
7.(2023·西藏·中考真题)Look! The students (study) paper cutting in class.
8.(2023·江苏无锡·中考真题)Sorry, buddy. I (drive) at the moment. Can I call you back later?
9.(2023·湖南常德·中考真题)—Look! What are the boys doing?
—They (play) basketball.
10.(2023·甘肃兰州·中考真题)Look, two teams are (play) basketball on the playground.
考点六 过去进行时
一、基本构成
1. 过去进行时的句子结构
肯定句:主语 + was/were + 现在分词(v-ing) (+ 其他)
I was reading at 7 yesterday morning. 昨天早上七点我在读书。
I was doing my lessons then. 那时,我在做功课。
We were cleaning the house. 我们在打扫房子。
否定句:主语 + was/were + not + 现在分词 (+ 其他)
I was not reading at 7 yesterday morning. 昨天早上七点我没有读书。
I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed. 不明飞行物降落时,我没在街上走。
一般疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + 现在分词 (+ 其他)?
Were you reading at 7 yesterday morning? 昨天早上七点你在读书吗?
Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed? 不明飞行物降落时,你在街上走吗?
回答:Yes, 主语 + was/were. / No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't.
特殊疑问句:
疑问词(不作主语) + was/were + 主语 + 现在分词 (+ 其他)?
What were you doing when a UFO landed? 不明飞行物降落时,你正在做什么?
What were you doing when I called? 我打电话时,你正在做什么?
疑问词(作主语) + was/were + 现在分词 (+ 其他)?
Who was speaking at that time? 那时谁在说话?
二、常与过去进行时连用的时间状语
类别
时间状语
示例
具体时间点
at 8 o'clock last night, at 9 o'clock yesterday, at this time yesterday
At 8 o'clock last night, I was watching TV.
昨晚八点,我正在看电视。
具体时间段
from 7 to 9 last night, all day yesterday, all morning yesterday, during the summer
He was working on his project all day yesterday.
他昨天一整天都在做项目。
时间从句
when, while, as, just as
While I was walking in the park, I saw an old friend. 我正在公园散步时,遇到了一位老朋友。
其他
then, at that time, yesterday, last night
I was having lunch at home this time yesterday.
昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。
三、主要用法
1. 表示在过去某一具体时间点正在进行的动作
特点:表示在过去的某一具体时间点(通常由时间状语指明)动作正在进行。
示例:
At 8 o'clock last night, I was watching TV. 昨晚八点,我正在看电视。
At that time she was writing a book. 那阵子她在写一本书。(表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。)
I was doing my homework when my mother came home yesterday. 昨天我妈妈回家的时候我正在做作业。
2. 表示在过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作
特点:表示在过去的某一段持续时间内,动作一直在持续。
示例:
He was working on his project all day yesterday. 他昨天一整天都在做项目。
They were expecting you yesterday, but you didn't turn up. 昨天他们一直想见到你,但你没有出现。
They were traveling in Europe during the summer. 整个夏天他们都在欧洲旅行。
3. 作为故事背景,为另一动作的发生提供场景
特点:常用于叙述中,用过去进行时描述"背景",用一般过去时描述"背景中发生的具体事件"。
常用连接词:when, while, as
示例:
While I was walking in the park, I saw an old friend of mine. 当我在公园散步时我看到了我的一个老朋友。
It was raining heavily when we left the house. 我们离开家时,正下着大雨。
I was doing my lessons then. 那时,我在做功课。
4. 表示过去同时进行的两个动作
常用连接词:while, as
示例:
My father was reading the newspaper while my mother was cooking. 我爸爸在看报纸,而我妈妈在做饭。
While I was walking in the park, I saw an old friend. 我正在公园散步时,遇到了一位老朋友。
四、特殊用法
1. 表示临时性
特点:表示在过去短期内正在进行的动作或存在的临时情况,这种情况通常不会长期如此。
示例:
It happened while I was living in Paris last year. 这件事发生于去年我住在巴黎的时候。
I was living in London in 2015. 2015年那段时间我正住在伦敦。(暗示是暂时的)
对比:I lived in London for 5 years. 我在伦敦住了5年。(用一般过去时,表示一个完成的、持续的事实)
2. 表示计划(过去将来)
特点:表示为过去的将来计划或安排好的活动。这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下,通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。
常用动词:arrive, come, go, leave, take off, get married等
示例:
He said that his sister was getting married next December. 他说他妹妹12月结婚。
He said he was leaving for home in a day or two. 他说他一两天之内就动身回家了。
She knew the plane was taking off in five minutes. 她知道五分钟后飞机就要起飞了。
3. 表示委婉语气
特点:动词hope, wonder等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求,虽然表示现在的内容,但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。
示例:
I was hoping you would give me some advice. 我希望你给我出点主意。
Good morning. I was wondering if you had two single rooms. 早上好,我不知道你们是否有两个单人间。
对比:一般过去时也有类似用法,相比之处,一般过去时通常表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的,而过去进行时则多表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。
4. 表示重复(带感情色彩)
特点:过去进行时与always, constantly, continually, forever等副词连用,强调动作的不断重复,常带有感情色彩(赞赏、批评或抱怨等)。
示例:
They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。(批评)
She was always thinking of others. 她老是想到别人。(赞赏)
She was forever complaining. 她老是抱怨。(厌烦)
He was always helping others. 他过去总是帮助别人。(赞赏)
She was constantly complaining about her job. 她过去老是抱怨她的工作。(厌烦)
注意:现在进行时也有类似用法,但过去进行时是表示过去不断重复的动作,而现在进行时是表示现在不断重复的动作。
五、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
区别点
过去进行时
一般过去时
动作状态
强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续
表示动作的完成
示例对比
He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完)
He wrote his composition last night.
他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完)
静态动词
通常不用于进行时
可用于一般过去时
示例
(不适用)
I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。
与always等连用
表示动作的重复,常带有感情色彩
表示"过去经常性、习惯性的动作"
示例对比
He was always thinking of his work.
他总是一心想到工作。(赞赏)
He always got up at six.
他过去总是六点起床。(中性陈述)
行为性质
表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为
表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的
示例对比
I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议。(随意的想法)
I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以为他会同意我们的。(经过考虑的看法)
六、【易错提醒】四类动词通常不用于进行时
英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时(包括过去进行时和现在进行时):
表心理状态、情感的动词:如love, hate, like, care, know, want, notice等。
表存在、状态的动词:如appear, exist, lie, remain, stand, seem等。
表感觉的动词:如see, hear, feel, smell, sound, taste等。
表短暂性动作的动词:如decide, stop, accept, allow, admit, end, refuse, permit, promise等。
【注意】 这些动词通常使用一般过去时或其他时态,而不是进行时态。如果这些动词用于进行时,通常表示词义的改变或特殊含义。
1.(2025·西藏·中考真题)Zhaxi (cook) for his parents at this time yesterday.
2.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)He (drink) tea with a few old friends in a park when we arrived.
3.(2024·西藏·中考真题)I (read) stories to my sister while my mother was cooking.
4.(2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题)Peter (have) supper with his parents yesterday when the phone rang.
5.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)Tom and his parents (have) supper when the phone rang.
考点七 被动语态
1. 基本概念
主动语态:主语是动作的执行者
被动语态:主语是动作的承受者
主动:The boy broke the window.(男孩打破了窗户)
被动:The window was broken by the boy.(窗户被男孩打破了)
2. 被动语态基本结构
核心公式:主语 + be + 过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者)
不同时态的被动语态结构:
时态
主动语态
被动语态(结构)
示例(被动)
一般现在时
do/does
am/is/are + done
English is spoken here.
一般过去时
did
was/were + done
The book was written in 2020.
一般将来时
will do
will be + done
The work will be finished tomorrow.
现在完成时
have/has done
have/has been + done
The room has been cleaned.
现在进行时
am/is/are doing
am/is/are being + done
A bridge is being built.
情态动词
can/must/should do
can/must/should be + done
It must be done carefully.
3. 被动语态的使用场景(何时用被动?)
(1)不知道或不必说出动作执行者
The window was broken last night.(不知道谁打破的)
This kind of bike is made in China.(不必说出制造者)
(2)强调动作的承受者
The new library will be opened next month.(强调图书馆)
对比:They will open the new library next month.(强调他们)
(3)动作执行者是泛指或不重要
He is considered a good teacher.(被大家认为)
It is said that he will come.(据说)
(4)出于礼貌或委婉
You are expected to arrive on time.(委婉要求)
Some mistakes were made in your report.(委婉指出错误)
(5)为了句子结构平衡或连贯
The song was written by Jay, who is a famous singer.(定语从句修饰Jay)
4. 主动变被动的转换方法
四步转换法:
找宾语 → 确定主动句的宾语(将变为被动句的主语)
定主语 → 宾语变主语(注意人称和数)
改动词 → 谓语动词改为"be + 过去分词"(be随新主语和时态变化)
加by → 原主语变为"by + 宾语"(可省略)
示例:主动:People speak English all over the world.
宾语:English
新主语:English
改动词:speak → is spoken(一般现在时)
加by:by people(可省略)
被动:English is spoken all over the world (by people).
特殊句式转换:
句式
主动句
被动句
注意点
双宾语
She gave me a book.
I was given a book (by her). 或 A book was given to me (by her).
两个宾语都可作主语
复合宾语
We call him Tom.
He is called Tom (by us).
宾补(Tom)不变,成为主补
动词短语
They took care of the children.
The children were taken care of (by them).
短语动词看作整体
5. 易错点与难点突破
(1)被动语态中的by短语
当动作执行者明确、重要或需要强调时才保留
常可省略的情况:泛指(people, someone)、不重要、已知信息
正确:The letter was written in English.(不必说by whom)
必要:The painting was drawn by a famous artist.(强调画家身份)
(2)感官/使役动词的被动语态
主动语态中省略to的不定式,被动中要恢复to:
主动:I saw him enter the room.(see sb do)
被动:He was seen to enter the room.
(3)主动形式表被动意义
某些动词用主动形式表示被动含义,常见于:
说明主语特性的动词:sell, wash, read, write, cook等
This book sells well.(这本书很畅销)
The cloth washes easily.(这种布料好洗)
感官系动词:feel, smell, taste, sound, look等
The food tastes delicious.(食物尝起来很美味)
need/want/require + doing:表示"需要被..."
The bike needs repairing. = The bike needs to be repaired.
(4)没有被动语态的情况
不及物动词(没有宾语):happen, appear, die, arrive等
表示状态或关系的动词:have(有), belong to, suit, fit等
某些及物动词在某些意义上:cost(花费), weigh(重), last(持续)等
1.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)Hundreds of factories (encourage) to move away or close between 2005 and 2015.
2.(2025·甘肃兰州·中考真题)The sweet memories in junior high school will be (remember) forever.
3.(2025·四川德阳·中考真题)A new bridge was b in my hometown last year, making it easier to travel around.
4.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)Do you know when the car was (invent)?
5.(2025·四川广安·中考真题)Maybe books will be (代替) by the Internet in the future.
6.(2024·江苏南京·中考真题)Anyone interested in Dunhuang will have heard of Fan Jinshi. Fan (know) to many as “the Daughter of Dunhuang”.
7.(2024·西藏·中考真题)Usually, paper cuttings (put) on walls, windows and doors at wedding ceremonies or festivals.
8.(2024·内蒙古包头·中考真题)—How can I become a successful person?
—Well, you should remember that success is never by luck. (achieve)
9.(2023·江苏淮安·中考真题)New clothes and shoes (send) to children in poor areas by my classmates every year.
10.(2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题)The film Born to Fly is well w watching. You can’t miss it.
一、单项选择
1.Not only you but also Zhou Min _________ given away all the pocket money to those poor children.
A.have B.has C.are D.is
2.She will have a holiday as soon as she ________ the work next week.
A.will finish B.finishes C.doesn’t finish
3.She ________ this book ________ nearly three weeks ago.
A.has borrowed; since B.has borrowed; for C.has kept; since
4.—Did you see Linda? I couldn’t find her anywhere.
—Look! She is at the playground. She ________ our head teacher Mr. Smith.
A.interviews B.interviewed C.is interviewing D.was interviewing
5.My brother ________ everything we needed before I arrived at the supermarket.
A.bought B.has bought C.had bought D.buys
6.I still remember my first English teacher, though we ________ each other for a long time.
A.don’t see B.didn’t see C.haven’t seen D.won’t see
7.—Is Mr. Chen at home?
—No, he ________ Hangzhou for a medical meeting. He has been there ________ 3 days ago.
A.has been to; for B.has gone to; since
C.has been to; since D.has gone to; for
8.They ________ after their graduation. They ________ for five years.
A.married; have married B.got married; have been married
C.married; have been marrying D.got married; have married
9.—When will our school hold a sports meeting this term?
—It’s a pity. We will not have a sports meeting this term. It ______ because of the awful weather.
A.will be canceled B.will cancel C.canceled D.has been canceled
10.The famous writer’s new work ______ soon.
A.will finish B.will be finished C.finishes D.has been finished
二、单词拼写
11.Living skills will be (teach) in school activities next week.
12.It’s three o’clock. John must be (watch) TV at home.
13.This is the first time I (visit) the Great Wall.
14.He has already (finish) his homework. He can go out to play now.
15.We (learn) English for six years. We can communicate with foreigners now.
16.While I (watch) TV, I received a text message from my son.
17.Congratulations! Your name will at the front of the book. (disappear)
18.After arguing with his sister, he raising his voice at her in anger. (regret)
19.The stamp exhibition thousands of people. It is really a big success. (attractive)
20.It’s (say) that scientists haven’t found the best way to solve this problem.
三、完形填空
阅读下面短文,从所给各题的A、B、C四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I used to find English very difficult. I always got low 21 in tests and I was afraid 22 in class. I thought I had no gift for languages. One day, I had a long talk with my English teacher, Ms. Li. She told me that 23 was the key. She said, “Don’t be afraid of making 24 . They are a natural part of learning.” I decided to 25 her advice. First, I changed my way of learning new words. Instead of just memorizing them from a list, I started to learn words in 26 by reading short stories and English posts online. This helped me understand how to use them. To improve my 27 , I began to watch English cartoons and movies with subtitles. I repeated the sentences 28 . I also started to keep a diary in English. At first, I wrote very 29 sentences, but I kept practicing every day.
I used to be nervous about grammar, but I found that doing grammar 30 was not boring if I did it with friends. We learned from each other. The most important change was that I started to 31 myself in English every morning. I talked about my plans for the day. It really built my 32 .
Now, I really enjoy English class. I often 33 discussions with my classmates. I’m not the best student, but I have made great progress. Learning English is a journey. It requires patience and good 34 , but it is also full of fun and 35 . If I can do it, you can too!
21.A.scores B.prizes C.suggestions
22.A.to speak B.speak C.speaking
23.A.courage B.secret C.practice
24.A.mistakes B.noises C.promises
25.A.forget B.take C.refuse
26.A.groups B.context C.textbooks
27.A.writing B.listening C.grammar
28.A.aloud B.slowly C.quietly
29.A.long B.perfect C.simple
30.A.exercises B.research C.interviews
31.A.teach B.talk to C.ask
32.A.memory B.confidence C.notes
33.A.join in B.look up C.laugh at
34.A.methods B.friends C.money
35.A.challenges B.differences C.competitions
四、短文填空
The West Lake in Hangzhou attracts people from all over the world. It is famous for its 36 (nature) beauty and bridges. Of all the bridges over the West Lake, the Broken Bridge is said to be the 37 (famous). Every year, quite a lot of 38 (tourist) come here to visit it. However, the name “Broken Bridge” does not 39 (mean) the bridge is broken. People 40 (name) it because it marks the end of the way that leads to Solitary Hill, a small hill close to the West Lake. And people have used this name since the Tang Dynasty (618-907).
In the Song Dynasty (960-1279), the Broken Bridge became a popular sight for visitors. They would 41 (usual) come to the West Lake in winter to enjoy the 42 (beautiful) of the bridge. For hundreds of 43 (year), the beautiful picture of Lingering Snow of the Broken Bridge has been a well-talked-about scene. And even today it is still 44 (consider) a good example of harmonious (和谐的) beauty between architecture (建筑设计) and nature.
Poems and 45 (story) of old days helped to make a connection between the bridge and love. For example, the story of the White Snake and Xu Xian meeting on the Broken Bridge has made it an important symbol of love in 46 (China) culture.
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专题01 动词时态、语态
目 录
01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02 时空导航·网络构建 3
03 题型通关·靶向突破 4
考点一 一般现在时 4
考点二 一般过去时 9
考点三 一般将来时 15
考点四 现在完成时 20
考点五 现在进行时 26
考点六 过去进行时 31
考点七 被动语态 36
04 优题精选·练能提分 41
考查形式
2025年
2024年
考情剖析
完形填空、短文填空
一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、动词不定式、被动语态(一般现在时)
一般过去时、一般现在时、动词不定式、现在进行时、被动语态(一般过去时)
考情分析
1. 时态考查
一般现在时:常出现在客观事实、习惯性动作或状态描述中。
如:2024年完形填空第10题“Linda has grown up.”(第三人称单数)
一般过去时:叙事性文体中高频出现,描述过去发生的动作或状态。
如:2025年完形填空第18题“His life changed all of a sudden.”
现在完成时:强调动作对现在的影响或持续状态。
如:2024年短文填空第54题“She has made crochet artworks for about 50 years.”
动词不定式:常作目的状语、宾语补足语等。
如:2024年短文填空第55题“It takes me one week to finish a crochet artwork.”
2. 语态考查
被动语态:主要考查一般现在时和一般过去时的被动形式。
2024年短文填空第72题:“The dough was made either too soft or too hard.”(一般过去时被动)
2025年短文填空第72题:“these plans were not easily accepted.”(一般过去时被动)
命题预测
语境化考查:时态和语态不单独设题,而是融入语篇中,要求考生根据上下文逻辑和时间状语判断。
综合性强:常与主谓一致、非谓语动词、连词等结合考查。
贴近生活:选材多围绕青少年生活、成长故事、文化科技等,语境真实自然。
重视基础与时态辨析:尤其是一般过去时与现在完成时的区别、被动语态的结构辨识。
考点一 一般现在时
一、基本构成
1. 动词be(am/is/are)的句子结构
肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + 其他
I am a freshman. 我是个新生。
She is a student. 她是一名学生。
否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + 其他
I am not a freshman. 我不是新生。
She is not a student. 她不是一名学生。
一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 其他?
Are you a freshman? 你是新生吗?
Is she a student? 她是一名学生吗?
回答:Yes, 主语 + am/is/are. / No, 主语 + am/is/are + not.
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 其他?
Who is she? 她是谁?
【be动词与人称搭配】
我(I)用am,你/你们(you)用are,is用于他(he)她(she)它(it);单数is,复数are。
2. 实义动词的句子结构
肯定句:
主语(非第三人称单数)+ 动词原形 + 其他
We get up at 7:00 every morning. 我们每天早上7点起床。
I go to school by car. 我开车去学校。
主语(第三人称单数)+ 动词三单形式 + 其他
She gets up at 7:00 every morning. 她每天早上7点起床。
She gets up early every morning. 她每天早上都起得很早。
否定句:
主语(非第三人称单数)+ don't + 动词原形 + 其他
We don't get up at 7:00 every morning. 我们不是每天早上7点起床的。
I don't go to school by car. 我不是开车去学校。
主语(第三人称单数)+ doesn't + 动词原形 + 其他
She doesn't get up at 7:00 every morning. 她不是每天早上7点起床的。
She doesn't get up early every morning. 每天早上她起得不早。
一般疑问句:
Do + 主语(非第三人称单数)+ 动词原形 + 其他?
Do you get up at 7:00 every morning? 你每天早上7点起床吗?
Do you go to school by car? 你开车去学校吗?
Does + 主语(第三人称单数)+ 动词原形 + 其他?
Does she get up at 7:00 every morning? 她每天早上7点起床吗?
Does she get up early every morning? 她每天早上都起得很早吗?
回答:Yes, 主语 + do/does. / No, 主语 + don't/doesn't.
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + do/does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
When do you get up every morning? 你早上什么时候起床?
3. 动词第三人称单数变化规则
情况
构成方法
例词
一般情况
直接加-s
read→reads, love→loves, eat→eats, rise→rises
以s, o, x, ch, sh, z结尾
加-es
discuss→discusses, teach→teaches, wash→washes, box→boxes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾
变y为i,再加-es
carry→carries, fly→flies, study→studies
不规则变化
特殊形式
have→has, be→am/is/are
【什么是第三人称单数?】
人称代词:他(he)、她(she)、它(it)
单数的人(如:my father, the teacher)
地名、数字或字母
可数名词单数、不可数名词
不定代词:someone, somebody, something, nobody, no one, everything, everyone, anybody等
指示代词:this, that
二、常与一般现在时连用的标志词
频率副词:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never
on + 星期复数:on Mondays, on weekends
in + 早中晚:in the morning
every短语:every day, every year
固定周期:once a week, twice a year
三、主要用法
1. 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态
常与usually, always, often, sometimes, never, every day等表示频度的时间状语连用。
I often take a walk in the park. 我经常在公园散步。
On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour to drive to work. 星期一早晨,我通常花费一小时开车去上班。
She gets up at 6:30 every morning. 她每天早上6:30起床。
2. 表示客观真理、科学事实、格言或警句
The earth moves around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。
As we all know, the earth travels around the sun. 众所周知,地球围绕太阳转。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。
3. 在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来(主将从现)
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。
If you come this afternoon, we'll have a meeting. 如果你今天下午过来,我们将开个会。
If it doesn't rain tomorrow, I will go bike riding in the open air. 如果明天不下雨,我将在户外骑自行车。
I'll tell her the good news when she comes back. 当她回来的时候,我将把这个好消息告诉她。
4. 表示按计划、时刻表发生的将来动作
仅限于come, go, leave, start, begin, arrive, return, take place等动词。
The train leaves at 8:00 tonight. 火车今晚8点出发。
My dream school starts at 8:30 am and ends at 3:30 pm. 我理想的学校上午8:30上课,下午3:30放学。
5. 其他用法
以here/there开头引导的倒装句,表示正在发生的动作/状态
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
用于文章标题、图片说明、电影说明、戏剧内容及场景解说等
The film explores the daily lives of ordinary people in a small town. 这部电影探索了小镇上普通人的日常生活。
四、易错提醒
1、表示客观真理时,宾语从句不受主句的限制,用一般现在时。
2、if条件状语从句中可用shall或will表示意愿,但不表示时态。
3、be, like, hate, sound, believe, want, belong等动词,常用一般现在时。
4、句型I hope, I bet等后面的that从句及句型make sure that从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
5、注意区分第三人称单数的主语,确保动词形式正确。
五、新疆中考真题示例(2025年任务阅读):
My father encouraged me to take one more shot. I held my breath, stared at the target and shot the arrow. Again, I missed the target! But I got closer to it. I kept trying and finally I made it! “See, son. Nobody is born to do well in everything. Never give up, and you can do it,” said my father.
阅读短文,根据语篇内容,在方框内的缩写文章中,填入与短文意思最符合的单词,每空一词。
The time I was to give up, my father 64 me to go on.
【答案】根据“My father encouraged me to take one more shot.”可知,我的父亲鼓励我再试一次。故填encouraged。
【详解】"My father encouraged me to take one more shot."(一般过去时,但上下文体现一般现在时的习惯性动作逻辑)。
1.(2025·西藏·中考真题)Zhuoma never (waste) food and she sets a good example for her sister.
【答案】wastes
【详解】句意:卓玛从不浪费食物,她为她的妹妹树立了一个好榜样。waste“浪费”,根据“never”可知,时态是一般现在时,主语是Zhuoma,所以谓语动词用三单形式。故填wastes。
2.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)It (make) up of a few old towns and villages.
【答案】is made
【详解】句意:它由几个古老的城镇和村庄组成。根据“up of a few old towns and villages”可知,这里表示“由……组成”,用be made up of结构。结合句子是一般现在时态及句子主语It是第三人称单数可知,be动词要用is。故填is made。
3.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)Here is the information we got from him. The city (have) a short history.
【答案】has
【详解】句意:我们从他那里得到的信息是,这座城市有一段短暂的历史。根据“a short history”可知,此处表示“有”一段短暂的历史,have表示“有”,结合句子是一般现在时态及句子主语“The city”是第三人称单数可知,谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式。故填has。
4.(2025·甘肃兰州·中考真题)Lanzhou (receive) a large number of visitors every year.
【答案】receives
【详解】句意:兰州每年都接待大量的游客。根据“every year”可知,时态为一般现在时。主语“Lanzhou”是第三人称单数,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。receive“接待;收到”,第三人称单数形式是“receives”。故填receives。
5.(2025·四川达州·中考真题)He always (spend) time with his family on weekends.
【答案】spends
【详解】句意:他总是在周末花时间陪伴家人。spend“花费”。根据“He always”可知,句子时态为一般现在时,且主语为三单,故谓语动词应用三单形式。故填spends。
6.(2024·甘肃兰州·中考真题)I don’t have a volleyball, but my brother Jim (do).
【答案】does
【详解】句意:我没有排球,但我弟弟吉姆有。此处用do代替实义动词have。结合“don’t”可知,时态是一般现在时,主语my brother是第三人称单数,故用does。故填does。
7.(2024·内蒙古包头·中考真题)—What time does John usually have breakfast on school days?
—He usually breakfast at 7 o’clock. (have)
【答案】has
【详解】句意:——约翰上学时通常什么时候吃早餐?——他通常在7点钟吃早饭。根据usually可知,此句是一般现在时,根据He可知,动词用三单,故填has。
8.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)Education (keep) your choice open.
【答案】keeps/will keep
【详解】句意:教育(会)让你有更多的选择。分析“Education...your choice open.”可知,本句可强调事实或将来的动作,所以用一般现在时或一般将来时,主语是“Education”,一般现在时动词用三单。故填keeps/will keep。
9.(2023·新疆·中考真题)Many Zhuang people (唱) songs while walking, farming and doing housework.
【答案】sing
【详解】句意:许多壮族人边走路、种地、做家务边唱歌。唱:sing,由语境可知,此处描述客观情况,用一般现在时,主语是Many Zhuang people,谓语动词用原形。故填sing。
10.(2023·新疆·中考真题)I have a memory like an elephant and I never f anything.
【答案】(f)orget
【详解】句意:我的记忆力像大象一样好,我从来没有忘记过任何事情。根据“I have a memory like an elephant ”可知,记忆力很好,所以空处指从未忘记过任何事,forget“忘记”,主语是I,时态是一般现在时,所以谓语动词用原形,故填(f)orget。
考点二 一般过去时
一、基本定义
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
二、基本构成
1. 动词be(was/were)的句子结构
肯定句:主语 + was/were + 其他
I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。
They were at school last week. 他们上周在学校。
否定句:主语 + wasn't/weren't + 其他
I wasn't at home yesterday. 我昨天没在家。
They weren't at school last week. 他们上周没在学校。
一般疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + 其他?
Were you at home yesterday? 你昨天在家吗?
Were they at school last week? 他们上周在学校吗?
回答:Yes, 主语 + was/were. / No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't.
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 其他?
Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪?
Where were they last week? 他们上周在哪?
2. 实义动词的句子结构
肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他
I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天看了电影。
I visited Beijing last summer. 我去年夏天去了北京。
He often went to school by bus last term. 上学期他经常乘公共汽车去上学。
否定句:主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他
I didn't go to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天没看电影。
I didn't visit Beijing last summer. 我去年夏天没去北京。
一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
Did you go to the cinema yesterday? 你昨天去看电影了吗?
Did you visit Beijing last summer? 你去年夏天去北京了吗?
回答:Yes, 主语 + did. / No, 主语 + didn't.
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪儿了?
What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么?
【巧学妙记口诀】
动词一般过去时,过去时间作标记。
表示过去发生事,谓语要用过去式。
否定句很简单,主语之后didn't添。
疑问构成也简单,主语前面did添。
还有一点不能忘,后面的谓语现原形。
三、动词过去式的变化规则
情况
规则
例词
一般情况
直接加-ed
play→played, discuss→discussed, wash→washed, help→helped
以不发音的e结尾
直接加-d
provide→provided, like→liked, hope→hoped
以辅音字母加y结尾
变y为i,再加-ed
carry→carried, try→tried, study→studied
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词
双写辅音字母,再加-ed
plan→planned, refer→referred, stop→stopped
【注意】 需熟记常见不规则动词的过去式(如:go→went, do→did, see→saw等)。
四、常与一般过去时连用的标志词
类别
标志词
昨天相关
yesterday(昨天)、the day before yesterday(前天)、yesterday evening(昨晚)、last night(昨晚)
刚才相关
just now(刚才)、a moment ago(片刻前)、three days ago(三天前)
具体过去时间
last week(上周)、last month(上个月)、last year(去年)、in 1998(在1998年)、in 2015(在2015年)、three days ago(三天前)
持续性时间
in the past(在过去)、in the past three years(在过去的三年里)
习惯性动作时间
when I was five(当我五岁时)、at the age of five(五岁时)、when I was at middle school(当我上中学时)
一般性过去
once(曾经)、long ago(很久以前)、the other day(前几天)、once upon a time(从前)、long long ago(很久很久以前)
五、主要用法
1. 表示在过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态
I met him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上遇到他了。
He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。
Her brother lost a basketball game. 她的兄弟输了一场篮球赛。
2. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作(习惯性动作)
When I was a child, I often played in this park. 当我还是个孩子时,我经常在这个公园玩。
We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。
When I was at middle school, I often went to school by bike. 我读中学时经常骑自行车去学校。
【注意】 表示过去经常发生的动作还可用以下表达:
used to + 动词原形:表示过去常常做某事(现在不做了)
He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn't now. 他过去经常抽烟,但现在不抽了。
would + 动词原形:表示过去的习惯性动作
Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 每当我们遇到困难,他都会帮助我们。
3. 表示主语过去的特征或性格
At that time she was very good at English. 那时她英语学得很好。
4. 在时间、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时
He said he would tell her when she came back. 他说当她回来的时候他会告诉她。
He said he would not go if it rained. 他说要是下雨,他就不去。
He said he would wait until they came back. 他说他会一直等到他们回来。
5. 用于固定句型中
It is/has been + 一段时间 + since...did sth.:自从做某事已经一段时间了
would/had rather sb. did sth.:宁愿某人做某事
It is time you went to bed.:到了你上床睡觉的时间了。
6. 使语气更委婉(与某些动词连用)
wish, wonder, think, hope, want, intend等动词用过去时,表示试探性的询问、请求、建议等,使语气更委婉。
I thought you might have some. 我原以为你会有一些的。
I wondered if you could help me. 不知你能不能帮我一下。
I didn't expect to meet you here. 我没想到会在这儿遇到你。
7. 叙述历史事实
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 我们老师告诉我们,哥伦布在1492年发现美洲。
8. 表示一系列按顺序发生的动作
即使有先后顺序,但如果不强调先后,都用一般过去时,最后两个动词之间用and连接。
He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared. 他打开门,冲了出去,然后就消失了。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 我的阿姨给我一个帽子然后我弄丢了。
六、易错提醒和特殊用法
1. 语境中的灵活使用
有些句子虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语,但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态,也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know, think, expect等,表示"本来认为"。
—Your phone number again? I didn't quite catch it. 请再说一次你的电话号码,好吗?我刚才没听清楚。
—It's 2566666. 是2566666。
I didn't know you were here. 我不知道你在这里。
2. 一般过去时代替过去完成时的情况
(1)两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but等连词时,多用一般过去时。
When she saw the mouse, she screamed. 当她看到老鼠时,她尖叫了。
(2)两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。
When I heard the news, I was very excited. 当我听到这个消息时,我非常激动。(一般过去时)
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当公共汽车终于来了的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。(过去完成时)
3. as if/as though引导的从句
在as if/as though引导的从句中用一般过去时表示虚拟语气。
4. 时态一致性要求
有时用一般过去时是为了保持时态一致的需要。
七、新疆中考真题示例(2025年短文填空):
Then people 79 (follow) him without question. With his efforts, Qin 80 (become) the strongest of all the states.。
【答案】79.followed 80.Became
【详解】79.句意:然后人们毫无疑虑地跟随他。根据上下文时态可知,此处是一般过去时,需用follow的过去式followed。故填followed。
80.句意:秦国成为所有诸侯国中最强大的。根据上下文时态可知,此处是一般过去时,需用become的过去式became。故填became。
1.(2025·山东日照·中考真题)I (借) the book to Ted last week, but he hasn’t returned it yet.
【答案】lent
【详解】句意:我上周把书借给了Ted,但他还没有归还。根据中文提示可知,此处表示“借”,用lend表示,lend sth. to sb.“把某物借给某人”,固定搭配;根据“last week”可知,句子是一般过去时,谓语动词用其过去式。故填lent。
2.(2025·江苏淮安·中考真题)Last week, we (watch) a fashion show in the school hall.
【答案】watched
【详解】句意:上周,我们在学校礼堂看了一场时装秀。根据“Last week”以及句子结构可知,此处表示过去发生的动作,使用一般过去时,watch的过去式为watched。故填watched。
3.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)It’s clean and beautiful now, but in the past there (be) a lot of pollution.
【答案】was
【详解】句意:现在这里干净又美丽,但过去有很多污染。根据“in the past”可知,此处描述过去的情况,应用一般过去时;句子主语“a lot of pollution”是不可数名词,故be动词用was。故填was。
4.(2025·山东泰安·中考真题)—What happened to you yesterday afternoon?
—I (跌落) off the electric bicycle. Luckily, I wore a helmet and didn’t hurt my head.
【答案】fell
【详解】句意:——昨天下午你发生了什么事?——我从电动自行车上摔了下来。幸运的是,我戴了头盔,头部没有受伤。fall“跌落”,根据“yesterday afternoon”可知,动词应使用过去式,故填fell。
5.(2025·黑龙江·中考真题)With the help of his classmates, he (success) in solving the problems an hour ago.
【答案】succeeded
【详解】句意:在同学们的帮助下,他一小时前成功解决了这些问题。此处在句中作谓语,用动词succeed,根据“an hour ago”可知,此处用过去式。故填succeeded。
6.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)Yesterday, we (work) out the problem with our teacher’s help.
【答案】worked
【详解】句意:昨天,我们在老师的帮助下解决了这个问题。根据“Yesterday”可知句子用一般过去时,动词用过去式worked。故填worked。
7.(2024·山东日照·中考真题)Tina c the last bus and got home safe and sound.
【答案】(c)aught
【详解】句意:蒂娜赶上了末班车,平安到家了。根据“the last bus”可知,此处指的赶上末班车,catch“赶上”符合语境,结合“and got home safe and sound.”可知,该句是一般过去时,动词填过去式。故填(c)aught。
8.(2024·西藏·中考真题)Last year, my brother (finish) high school and we went camping by a lake.
【答案】finished
【详解】句意:去年,我哥哥高中毕业了,我们去湖边露营。句子时态是一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式,finished符合句意,故填finished。
9.(2023·西藏·中考真题)Last week, I (visit) the computer museum with my classmates.
【答案】visited
【详解】句意:上周,我和同学们参观了计算机博物馆。根据“Last week”可知,句子时态为一般过去时,谓语动词visit用过去式。故填visited。
10.(2023·江苏无锡·中考真题)China’s Shenzhou-15 astronauts (take) a 7-hour-long spacewalk in February, 2023.
【答案】took
【详解】句意:2023年2月,中国神舟十五号宇航员进行了为期7小时的太空行走。根据“in February, 2023”可知,事情发生在过去,应为一般过去时,谓语动词take用其过去式。故填took。
考点三 一般将来时
一、基本定义
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作、事情或存在的状态,也表示将来经常反复发生的动作或事情。
二、主要表达方式及结构
1. will/shall + 动词原形
结构:
肯定句:主语 + will/shall + 动词原形
否定句:主语 + will not/shall not + 动词原形(will not = won't, shall not = shan't)
一般疑问句:Will/Shall + 主语 + 动词原形?
用法特点:
will用于各人称,shall传统上用于第一人称(I, we),但现在常被will代替
在征求意见时常用于第二人称
表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来事件
示例:
I will call you tomorrow. 我明天会给你打电话。
She will call you tomorrow. 她明天会给你打电话。
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点你会在家吗?
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?
They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去工厂参观。
Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 今天是星期六,明天将是星期日。
2. be going to + 动词原形
结构:
肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + going to + 动词原形
否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + going to + 动词原形
一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形?
用法特点:
表示主语的意图,即将做某事
表示计划、安排要发生的事
表示有迹象要发生的事
示例:
What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你打算做什么?
They are going to travel to Japan next week. 他们下周要去日本旅行。
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,暴风雨快来了。
I am going to the supermarket. 我正要去超市。(新疆中考2025年示例)
We're going to have a picnic this weekend. 我们这周末要去野餐。
3. 现在进行时表将来
结构:主语 + am/is/are + 现在分词
用法特点:
多用于已安排好的事件
动词多为表示位置移动的动词:come, go, leave, start, arrive, fly, reach, stay, die等
示例:
We are leaving for Shanghai next Monday. 我们下周一要去上海。
I'm meeting my boss at 3 PM. 我下午3点要见老板。
He's leaving for Paris. 他正准备离开去巴黎。
4. 一般现在时表将来
结构:主语 + 动词原形/三单形式
用法特点:
用于固定日程或时刻表安排
如列车时刻、课程表、演出时间等
示例:
The film starts at 7:00 pm. 电影晚上7点开始。
The train leaves at 8:00 tonight. 火车今晚8点发车。
5. be + 不定式表将来
结构:主语 + am/is/are + to + 动词原形
用法特点:按计划或正式安排将发生的事
示例:
We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下周六讨论这份报告。
We are to talk about the report next Saturday. 我们将在下周六讨论这个报告。
6. be about to + 动词原形
结构:主语 + am/is/are + about to + 动词原形
用法特点:表示"马上做某事",强调动作即将发生
重要提醒:be about to不能与tomorrow, next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用
示例:
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
三、will和be going to的区别
will
be going to
基本区别
临时决定 → will
有计划 → be going to
决定时间
说话时刚做出的决定
事先经过考虑、安排好
示例
A: The phone is ringing!(电话响了!)
B: I'll answer it.(我去接。)
We're going to have a picnic this weekend.(我们这周末要去野餐。)
预测依据
预测未来(无明确计划)
有迹象表明某事即将发生
示例
I think it will rain tomorrow.(我觉得明天会下雨。)
Look at the dark clouds! It's going to rain.(看那些乌云!要下雨了。)
其他功能
承诺、请求或威胁
表示意图、计划
示例
I will always love you.(我会永远爱你。)
Will you please turn on the radio?(请打开收音机好吗?)
Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.(今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。)
自然规律
表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展
一般不用于自然规律
示例
He will be thirty years old this time next year.(明年这个时候他将三十岁了。)
四、常与一般将来时连用的时间状语
类别
时间状语
tomorrow系列
tomorrow, tomorrow morning, tomorrow afternoon, tomorrow evening
next系列
next week, next year, next month, next Sunday, next Monday
this系列
this year, this Sunday, this weekend, this afternoon
in系列
in an hour, in two days, in three weeks, in the future
其他
soon, some day, from now on, later, in a few minutes
【位置】 时间状语可放句首或句尾。
Next year, I will study abroad. = I will study abroad next year.
五、特殊用法和易错提醒
1. 现在进行时表将来的特殊情况
有些趋向性动词可用进行时表将来,如:go, come, arrive, fly, reach, stay, leave, start, die等
I'm going to go to the zoo this weekend. = I'm going to the zoo this weekend.
The old man is dying. = The old man will die.
2. 口语中的常见缩写
will not → won't
shall not → shan't
I will → I'll
They will → They'll
She will → She'll
They are going to → They're going to(正式)/ They're gonna(非正式口语)
3. 注意事项
will和be going to的选择:根据是临时决定还是事先计划来选择
be about to的局限性:不能与明确将来时间状语连用
时态一致性:在时间、条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来(主将从现)
不同表达方式的语气差异:
will/shall:较正式,多用于书面语
be going to:较口语化,表示计划和意图
现在进行时:强调已安排妥当
一般现在时:强调不可更改的固定安排
1.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)The environment is much better now, and it (get) even better in the future.
【答案】will get
【详解】句意:现在的环境好多了,而且将来甚至会变得更好。根据“in the future.”可知,此处描述的是将来会发生的事情,应用一般将来时,其结构为“will+动词原形”。故填will get。
2.(2024·江苏无锡·中考真题)Some people believe robots (take) most jobs away from humans in the future.
【答案】will take
【详解】句意:有些人认为机器人将来会抢走人类的大部分工作。根据“in the future”可知,是一般将来时,故填will take。
3.(2023·江苏无锡·中考真题)There (be) at least six underground lines in Wuxi in five years’ time.
【答案】will be
【详解】句意:未来5年,无锡将至少有6条地铁线路。根据“in five years’ time”可知,时态是一般将来时,故填will be。
4.(2023·湖南常德·中考真题)—What’s your prediction about the future?
—I think there (be) less pollution.
【答案】will be
【详解】句意:——你对未来的预测是什么?——我认为污染会减少。根据“What’s your prediction about the future?”可知,时态是一般将来时,故填will be。
5.(2023·湖南永州·中考真题)My parents and I (visit)Yangmingshan Mountain this winter.
【答案】will visit
【详解】句意:今年冬天,我和父母参观了阳明山。visit“参观”,是动词,根据“this winter”可知动作尚未发生,应用一般将来时,故填will visit。
考点四 现在完成时
一、基本构成
1. 句子结构
肯定句:主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 (+ 宾语/其他)
I have seen the film before. 我以前看过这部电影。
She has lived here for ten years. 她住在这里十年了。
否定句:主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 (+ 宾语/其他)
I haven't seen the film before. 我以前没看过这部电影。
He hasn't finished his homework yet. 他还没有完成作业。
一般疑问句:Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ 宾语/其他)?
Have you seen the film before? 你以前看过这部电影吗?
Has he finished his homework? 他完成作业了吗?
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ 其他)?
How long have you lived here? 你在这里住了多久?
What have you done? 你做了什么?
二、动词过去分词的变化规则
情况
规则
例词
一般动词
直接加-ed
work→worked→worked, visit→visited→visited
以"e"结尾
只加-d
live→lived→lived, like→liked→liked
以"辅音字母+y"结尾
变y为i,再加-ed
study→studied→studied, cry→cried→cried
重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母
双写该辅音字母,再加-ed
stop→stopped→stopped, drop→dropped→dropped
不规则动词
需熟记不规则动词表
cut→cut→cut, hit→hit→hit, go→went→gone
三、核心用法
1. 已完成用法(结果影响用法)
核心:过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果。动作发生在过去,但说话的焦点是现在的结果或状态,而非动作发生的时间。
常见信号词:already(已经),just(刚刚),yet(还/已经),recently(最近)
示例:
I have lost my keys. 我把钥匙弄丢了。(结果:我现在没有钥匙,进不了门。)
He has finished his homework. 他做完作业了。(结果:他现在可以玩了。)
I have already posted the photo. 我已经把照片寄走了。(强调post对现在的影响:照片不在这里。)
I've just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。
2. 未完成用法(持续用法)
核心:动作或状态始于过去,一直持续到现在,并可能继续下去。
重要限制:必须与"延续性动词"或"表示状态"的动词连用(如live, work, study, know, be等)。
标志性时间状语:
for + 时间段:for two hours, for three days, for ten years
since + 时间点:since last Monday, since 1999, since 2010
How long...?(询问持续时间)
示例:
He has lived here since 1978. 自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在)
I have lived here for ten years. 我住在这里十年了。(从十年前住到现在)
She has been a teacher since 2010. 她从2010年起就是老师。(从2010年持续到现在)
She has made crochet artworks for about 50 years. 她制作钩针工艺品已有大约50年了。(新疆中考2024年示例)
3. 经验用法(经历用法)
核心:表示主语从过去到现在人生中曾经有过的经历,强调"有没有做过",不关心具体时间。
常见信号词:ever(曾经),never(从未),次数表达(once,twice,three times),before(以前)
示例:
Have you ever been to Japan? 你去过日本吗?
I have never seen a real panda. 我从未见过真熊猫。
He has read this book three times. 这本书他读过三遍了。
四、与现在完成时连用的时间状语
现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态,具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。
类别
时间状语
示例
时间段状语
for + 时间段
for three days, for ten years
时间点状语
since + 时间点
since 1999, since last Monday
笼统过去时间
already, never, ever, just, yet, before
I have already finished.
包含过去到现在的时间
lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far
How have you been recently?
询问持续时间
How long...?
How long have you lived here?
【for和since的具体用法】
for + 时间段:译为"……时间"
since + 过去一个时间点:译为"自从……以来"
since + 时间段 + ago:since three years ago
since + 从句(过去时):since I was a child
It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时):It is three years since I graduated.
【注意】 现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago, just now等。
五、易错提醒和重要区别
1. 延续性动词 vs. 非延续性动词(瞬间动词)
问题:非延续性动词(如buy, die, join, leave, borrow, come, arrive, finish)在肯定句中不能与for/since引导的持续性时间状语连用,表示"未完成"用法。
错误示例:
~~He has died for three years.~~(die是瞬间动作,不能持续)
~~I have bought this book for two weeks.~~
正确表达:
He died three years ago. 或 He has been dead for three years.(把非延续动词换成延续性状态)
I bought this book two weeks ago. 或 I have had this book for two weeks.
【常见非延续动词转换为延续性状态的方法】
come/arrive/reach/get to → be in/at
go out → be out
finish → be over
open → be open
die → be dead
buy → have
fall ill → be ill
come back → be back
put on → be on/wear
worry → be worried
catch a cold → have a cold
join → be in/be a member of
leave → be away (from)
2. have been to vs. have gone to的区别
表达
含义
示例
has/have been to
表示"去过某地(现在已经回来了)",是一种经验。
She has been to Paris twice.(她去过巴黎两次。)
has/have gone to
表示"已经去了某地(现在在路上或在那里,不在这里)"。
She has gone to Paris.(她去巴黎了。)(她现在不在这里)
3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
方面
现在完成时
一般过去时
侧重点
侧重于对现在的影响或结果
侧重于动作发生在过去某个具体时间
时间状语
不能与具体过去时间连用
必须与具体过去时间连用
连接现在
与现在有联系
与现在无联系
示例对比
I have seen the film.(我看过这部电影。)(现在我仍记得内容)
I saw the film three days ago.(三天前我看了这部电影。)(强调是三天前)
时间状语示例
already, yet, just, ever, never, for..., since...
yesterday, last week, ...ago, in 2002, just now
【对比示例】
She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。(现在仍住在这里)
She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。(现在可能不住这里了)
He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。(现在仍是团员)
Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。(只强调昨晚的动作)
4. 其他注意事项
现在完成时不能与when连用:when只能与具体过去时间连用
在时间、条件状语从句中:用现在完成时代替将来完成时
"It/This is the first time that..."句型:从句用现在完成时
在"最高级+名词"后的定语从句中:常用现在完成时
新疆中考真题示例(2024年短文填空):
A 68-year-old woman from Shandong Province now teaches crocheting (钩针编织) online and offline. She has made crochet artworks 54 about 50 years.
【答案】54.for
【导语】本文讲述了一位来自山东省的68岁女士在线上和线下教授钩编的故事。
54.句意:她创作钩针艺术品已有50年左右的历史。“about 50 years”是一段时间, 其前要用介词for,表示“长达……” 。故填for。
1.(2025·西藏·中考真题)So far, China (turn) parts of deserts into forests.
【答案】has turned
【详解】句意:到目前为止,中国已经将部分沙漠变成了森林。根据“So far”可知,该句是现在完成时,其结构为“have/has done”,主语是China,助动词填has,动词改为过去分词turned。故填has turned。
2.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)Mr. Chen (live) there for over 50 years, so we went to interview him.
【答案】has lived
【详解】句意:陈先生已经在那里住了 50 多年了,所以我们去采访了他。for over 50 years是现在完成时的标志性时间状语,用于强调从过去持续到现在的动作或状态,主语Mr. Chen是第三人称单数。故填has lived。
3.(2025·四川眉山·中考真题)As a stamp lover, Xiao Ning has c plenty of special stamps over these years.
【答案】(c)ollected
【详解】句意:作为邮票爱好者,小宁在这些年来收集了许多特殊邮票。根据首字母提示和“plenty of special stamps”可知,需要一个过去分词构成完成时态,此处是“收集邮票”,collected符合句意,故填(c)ollected。
4.(2025·江苏扬州·中考真题)Recently, more and more people have to visit Yangzhou during holidays. (choose)
【答案】chosen
【详解】句意:最近,越来越多的人选择在假期游览扬州。choose“选择”。根据“Recently, more and more people have”可知,空格处需填入动词的过去分词形式,与have构成现在完成时(have + 过去分词)。choose的过去分词形式为chosen。故填chosen。
5.(2024·西藏·中考真题)China (plan) to export (出口) railway technology to countries along the Belt and Road (一带一路) so far.
【答案】has planned
【详解】句意:到目前为止,中国计划向“一带一路”沿线国家出口铁路技术。根据时间状语“so far”可知,句子应用现在完成时(have/has done),表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在。主语China是第三人称单数,因此助动词用has,动词用过去分词形式planned。故填has planned。
6.(2024·江苏无锡·中考真题)The Shenzhou-18 astronauts (work) in Tiangong space station since late April.
【答案】have worked
【详解】句意:神舟18号的宇航员自4月下旬以来一直在天宫空间站工作。根据“since late April”可知,此处应使用现在完成时,主语是复数,助动词用have,故填have worked。
7.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)Have you ever (try) Chinese food outside of China?
【答案】tried
【详解】句意:你在国外吃过中国菜吗?try“尝试”,动词。根据“ever”及“Have…”可知,此处是现在完成时态,结构是have done。故填tried。
8.(2023·西藏·中考真题)I (be)a teacher in Xizang for 40 years.
【答案】have been
【详解】句意:我在西藏当了40年的老师。根据“for 40 years”可知时态是现在完成时。主语是I,助动词用have。故have been。
考点五 现在进行时
一、基本构成
1. 句子结构
肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + 现在分词(v-ing) (+ 其他)
I am reading a book. 我正在看书。
The man is playing golf. 那名男子正在打高尔夫球。
We are watching TV now. 我们现在正在看电视。
否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + 现在分词 (+ 其他)
I am not reading. 我没有在看书。
He is not playing football in the playground now. 他现在不在操场上踢足球。
一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 现在分词 (+ 其他)?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + am/is/are.
否定回答:No, 主语 + am/is/are + not.
Are you listening to music? 你在听音乐吗?Yes, I am. 是的,我在听。
Is he doing his homework? 他正在做家庭作业吗?No, he isn't. 不,他没在做。
特殊疑问句:
疑问词(不作主语) + am/is/are + 主语 + 现在分词 (+ 其他)?
What is your father doing? 你的爸爸正在做什么?
He is watching TV. 他正在看电视。
疑问词(作主语) + am/is/are + 现在分词 (+ 其他)?
Who is speaking in the room? 谁正在房间里说话?Tom. 汤姆。
【注意】 现在进行时的特殊疑问句不可直接用Yes或No回答,而要根据实际情况回答。
二、现在分词(v-ing)的变化规则
情况
规则
示例
大部分动词
直接加-ing
walk→walking, show→showing, sleep→sleeping
以不发音的字母e结尾
去掉e,再加-ing
come→coming, dance→dancing, bite→biting
以ie结尾
变ie为y,再加-ing
lie→lying, tie→tying, die→dying
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词
双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-ing
get→getting, plan→planning, sit→sitting, begin→beginning, put→putting, run→running, stop→stopping, cut→cutting
特殊注意:be应为助动词,一定不要漏掉!它应与主语的人称和数保持一致:
I用am,he/she/it(包括单数名词和不可数名词)用is,you/we/they(包括复数名词)用are。
三、主要用法
1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作
标志词:now, at this moment, Look!, Listen!等
示例:
Listen! Someone is singing. 听!有人正在唱歌。
We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
The teacher is giving us an English lesson. 老师正在给我们上英语课。
Look! She is singing an English song. 看,她正在唱英语歌。
【使用场景】
当句子中有now时,常表示动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。
They are playing basketball now. 现在他们正在打篮球。
以look, listen开头的句子,提示我们动作正进行,这时要用现在进行时。
Listen! She is singing an English song. 听,她正在唱英语歌。
描述图片中的人物的动作,为了表达更生动,此时也常用现在进行时。
Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park. 看这幅图,那些孩子正在公园放风筝。
2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作(未必说话时正在发生)
标志词:these days, this week, these days, currently等
示例:
He is writing a novel these days. 他这些天在写小说。
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 格林先生在写另一本小说。(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)
We are making model planes these days. 这些天我们在做飞机模型。
The farmers are getting in their crops. 农民们正在收割庄稼。
3. 表示将来安排(多用于come, go, leave等动词)
表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作,句中的动词常是表示位置移动的动词,如come, go, leave, arrive, start等。
示例:
We are meeting at 3 pm tomorrow. 我们明天下午3点见面。
We're leaving for Shanghai next week. 下周我们要动身去上海。
I'm leaving for a trek in Nepal next week. 我下周打算去尼泊尔徒步旅行。(已经安排了)
We're flying to Paris tomorrow. 我们明天要飞巴黎。(票已经拿到了)
四、现在进行时的特殊用法
1. 表示暂时性的动作或情况
现在进行时可用来表示不会长期发生的动作或情况,或被认为在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的状况。
What's your daughter doing these days? 你女儿现在在干什么?
She's studying English at Durham University. 她在达勒姆大学学习英语。
Don't take that ladder away. Your father's using it. 别把梯子拿走,你父亲在用呢。(即不一定现在在用。)
She's at her best when she's making big decisions. 当做出重大决定时,她处于最佳状态。
2. 表示当前的动向或趋势
People are becoming less tolerant of smoking these days. 如今人们对吸烟较为难以忍受了。
The river is flowing very fast after last night's rain. 昨夜下过雨后,河水流速很快。
3. 表示短促动作的重复
表示短促动作的动词(如jump, knock, beat, pick, skip等)的进行时,表示动作的重复。
The girls are jumping over there. 女孩子们在那边跳。
His heart is beating fast. 他的心脏跳得很快。
4. 表示委婉客气
某些表示希望或想法的动词(如hope, wonder, want等)的进行时可以表示委婉客气。
I'm wondering whether you can help us now. 我想知道你现在能否给我们帮一个忙。
I'm hoping that you will succeed. 我希望你能成功。
五、现在进行时与一般现在时的区别
现在进行时
一般现在时
强调重点
强调目前正在进行的动作
强调经常性或习惯性的动作
时间性
表示当前或现阶段正在进行的动作
表示重复性、规律性的动作
持续性
强调现阶段一直在进行的动作
只表示动作的重复,不表示持续
示例对比1
I'm reading a story now. 我正在看一个故事。(目前正在干的事情)
I read stories in my spare time. 我有空时看故事。(经常性的行为)
示例对比2
They are learning English in the summer holiday. 他们暑假在学英语。(强调持续进行)
They read English every day. 他们每天读英语。(强调习惯)
示例对比3
What are you doing these days? 这几天你在干什么?
They play volleyball every Sunday. 他们每周星期天都打排球。
六、【易错警示】四类动词不用进行时
英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时(不用现在进行时和过去进行时):
表心理状态、情感的动词:如love, hate, like, care, respect, please, prefer, know等。若用进行时则词义改变。
表存在、状态的动词:如appear, exist, lie, remain, stand, seem等。
表感觉的动词:如see, hear, feel, smell, sound, taste等。
表一时性的动词:如accept, allow, admit, decide, end, refuse, permit, promise等。
【注意】 这些动词通常使用一般现在时或其他时态,而不是进行时态。
新疆中考真题示例(2024年短文填空):
Now she is 64 (do) her best to develop some new products.
【答案】 64.doing
【解析】 64.句意:现在她正在尽最大努力开发一些新产品。根据Now可知,时态是现在进行时,构成是be doing,故填doing。
1.(2025·西藏·中考真题)We (talk) about saving water and electricity now.
【答案】are talking
【详解】句意:我们正在谈论关于节约水电的事。talk“谈论,交谈”。根据时间状语“now”可知,本句时态为现在进行时态,肯定句的结构为“am/is/are+动词的现在分词”。本句主语“We”为第一人称复数,be动词用“are”,talk“谈论,交谈”,其现在分词形式为“talking”。故填are talking。
2.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)Simon and I (work) on a history project now.
【答案】are working
【详解】句意:西蒙和我现在正在做一个历史项目。根据“now”可知,此句用现在进行时be+doing,and连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词用复数,此处be动词用are,后跟动词现在分词。故填are working。
3.(2025·甘肃兰州·中考真题)Look, the kids are (jump) rope in the sports field during the 15-minute break.
【答案】jumping
【详解】句意:看,孩子们在15分钟的课间休息时正在操场上跳绳。根据“Look”以及“are”可知,此处描述的是正在发生的动作,应使用现在进行时,其结构为“be动词+动词的现在分词”。jump“跳”,其现在分词形式为“jumping”。故填jumping。
4.(2024·四川德阳·中考真题)Tom often does some housework. Now he is f the clothes.
【答案】(f)olding
【详解】句意:Tom经常做家务。现在他在叠衣服。根据Now可知,此句时态是现在进行时,此空为动词的现在分词,根据“the clothes.”和首字母可知,此处指叠衣服,fold表示“折叠”。故填(f)olding。
5.(2024·江苏无锡·中考真题)Do you mind turning down the music? I (attend) an online meeting now.
【答案】am attending
【详解】句意:你介意把音乐关小一点吗?我现在正在参加一个在线会议。attend“参加”,动词。根据“Do you mind turning down the music?”及“now”可知,正在参加会议,应为现在进行时,结构是be doing,主语是第一人称I,be动词用am。故填am attending。
6.(2023·甘肃甘南·中考真题)We’re (考虑)when to hold the English party.
【答案】considering
【详解】句意:我们正在考虑什么时候举行英语晚会。consider“考虑”,根据语境可知,应用现在进行时,consider的现在分词为considering。故填considering。
7.(2023·西藏·中考真题)Look! The students (study) paper cutting in class.
【答案】are studying
【详解】句意:看!学生们正在课堂上学习剪纸。“Look!”提示时态为现在进行时,谓语结构是am/is/are doing,该句主语是复数,be动词用are。故填are studying。
8.(2023·江苏无锡·中考真题)Sorry, buddy. I (drive) at the moment. Can I call you back later?
【答案】am driving
【详解】句意:对不起,伙计。我现在正在开车。我可以稍后再给你打电话吗?drive“驾驶”,动词。根据“at the moment”可知,时态是现在进行时,主语是第一人称单数I,be动词用am。故填am driving。
9.(2023·湖南常德·中考真题)—Look! What are the boys doing?
—They (play) basketball.
【答案】are playing
【详解】句意:——看!男孩们在做什么?——他们在打篮球。根据“Look! What are the boys doing?”可知,强调动作正在发生,用现在进行时,主语是复数,be动词用are。故填are playing。
10.(2023·甘肃兰州·中考真题)Look, two teams are (play) basketball on the playground.
【答案】playing
【详解】句意:看,两支球队在操场上打篮球。根据“are”可知此处用现在分词与are构成现在进行时。故填playing
考点六 过去进行时
一、基本构成
1. 过去进行时的句子结构
肯定句:主语 + was/were + 现在分词(v-ing) (+ 其他)
I was reading at 7 yesterday morning. 昨天早上七点我在读书。
I was doing my lessons then. 那时,我在做功课。
We were cleaning the house. 我们在打扫房子。
否定句:主语 + was/were + not + 现在分词 (+ 其他)
I was not reading at 7 yesterday morning. 昨天早上七点我没有读书。
I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed. 不明飞行物降落时,我没在街上走。
一般疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + 现在分词 (+ 其他)?
Were you reading at 7 yesterday morning? 昨天早上七点你在读书吗?
Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed? 不明飞行物降落时,你在街上走吗?
回答:Yes, 主语 + was/were. / No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't.
特殊疑问句:
疑问词(不作主语) + was/were + 主语 + 现在分词 (+ 其他)?
What were you doing when a UFO landed? 不明飞行物降落时,你正在做什么?
What were you doing when I called? 我打电话时,你正在做什么?
疑问词(作主语) + was/were + 现在分词 (+ 其他)?
Who was speaking at that time? 那时谁在说话?
二、常与过去进行时连用的时间状语
类别
时间状语
示例
具体时间点
at 8 o'clock last night, at 9 o'clock yesterday, at this time yesterday
At 8 o'clock last night, I was watching TV.
昨晚八点,我正在看电视。
具体时间段
from 7 to 9 last night, all day yesterday, all morning yesterday, during the summer
He was working on his project all day yesterday.
他昨天一整天都在做项目。
时间从句
when, while, as, just as
While I was walking in the park, I saw an old friend. 我正在公园散步时,遇到了一位老朋友。
其他
then, at that time, yesterday, last night
I was having lunch at home this time yesterday.
昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。
三、主要用法
1. 表示在过去某一具体时间点正在进行的动作
特点:表示在过去的某一具体时间点(通常由时间状语指明)动作正在进行。
示例:
At 8 o'clock last night, I was watching TV. 昨晚八点,我正在看电视。
At that time she was writing a book. 那阵子她在写一本书。(表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。)
I was doing my homework when my mother came home yesterday. 昨天我妈妈回家的时候我正在做作业。
2. 表示在过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作
特点:表示在过去的某一段持续时间内,动作一直在持续。
示例:
He was working on his project all day yesterday. 他昨天一整天都在做项目。
They were expecting you yesterday, but you didn't turn up. 昨天他们一直想见到你,但你没有出现。
They were traveling in Europe during the summer. 整个夏天他们都在欧洲旅行。
3. 作为故事背景,为另一动作的发生提供场景
特点:常用于叙述中,用过去进行时描述"背景",用一般过去时描述"背景中发生的具体事件"。
常用连接词:when, while, as
示例:
While I was walking in the park, I saw an old friend of mine. 当我在公园散步时我看到了我的一个老朋友。
It was raining heavily when we left the house. 我们离开家时,正下着大雨。
I was doing my lessons then. 那时,我在做功课。
4. 表示过去同时进行的两个动作
常用连接词:while, as
示例:
My father was reading the newspaper while my mother was cooking. 我爸爸在看报纸,而我妈妈在做饭。
While I was walking in the park, I saw an old friend. 我正在公园散步时,遇到了一位老朋友。
四、特殊用法
1. 表示临时性
特点:表示在过去短期内正在进行的动作或存在的临时情况,这种情况通常不会长期如此。
示例:
It happened while I was living in Paris last year. 这件事发生于去年我住在巴黎的时候。
I was living in London in 2015. 2015年那段时间我正住在伦敦。(暗示是暂时的)
对比:I lived in London for 5 years. 我在伦敦住了5年。(用一般过去时,表示一个完成的、持续的事实)
2. 表示计划(过去将来)
特点:表示为过去的将来计划或安排好的活动。这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下,通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。
常用动词:arrive, come, go, leave, take off, get married等
示例:
He said that his sister was getting married next December. 他说他妹妹12月结婚。
He said he was leaving for home in a day or two. 他说他一两天之内就动身回家了。
She knew the plane was taking off in five minutes. 她知道五分钟后飞机就要起飞了。
3. 表示委婉语气
特点:动词hope, wonder等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求,虽然表示现在的内容,但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。
示例:
I was hoping you would give me some advice. 我希望你给我出点主意。
Good morning. I was wondering if you had two single rooms. 早上好,我不知道你们是否有两个单人间。
对比:一般过去时也有类似用法,相比之处,一般过去时通常表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的,而过去进行时则多表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。
4. 表示重复(带感情色彩)
特点:过去进行时与always, constantly, continually, forever等副词连用,强调动作的不断重复,常带有感情色彩(赞赏、批评或抱怨等)。
示例:
They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。(批评)
She was always thinking of others. 她老是想到别人。(赞赏)
She was forever complaining. 她老是抱怨。(厌烦)
He was always helping others. 他过去总是帮助别人。(赞赏)
She was constantly complaining about her job. 她过去老是抱怨她的工作。(厌烦)
注意:现在进行时也有类似用法,但过去进行时是表示过去不断重复的动作,而现在进行时是表示现在不断重复的动作。
五、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
区别点
过去进行时
一般过去时
动作状态
强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续
表示动作的完成
示例对比
He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完)
He wrote his composition last night.
他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完)
静态动词
通常不用于进行时
可用于一般过去时
示例
(不适用)
I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。
与always等连用
表示动作的重复,常带有感情色彩
表示"过去经常性、习惯性的动作"
示例对比
He was always thinking of his work.
他总是一心想到工作。(赞赏)
He always got up at six.
他过去总是六点起床。(中性陈述)
行为性质
表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为
表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的
示例对比
I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议。(随意的想法)
I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以为他会同意我们的。(经过考虑的看法)
六、【易错提醒】四类动词通常不用于进行时
英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时(包括过去进行时和现在进行时):
表心理状态、情感的动词:如love, hate, like, care, know, want, notice等。
表存在、状态的动词:如appear, exist, lie, remain, stand, seem等。
表感觉的动词:如see, hear, feel, smell, sound, taste等。
表短暂性动作的动词:如decide, stop, accept, allow, admit, end, refuse, permit, promise等。
【注意】 这些动词通常使用一般过去时或其他时态,而不是进行时态。如果这些动词用于进行时,通常表示词义的改变或特殊含义。
1.(2025·西藏·中考真题)Zhaxi (cook) for his parents at this time yesterday.
【答案】was cooking
【详解】句意:昨天这个时候扎西正在给他的父母做饭。通过“at this time yesterday”这一表示过去具体时间点的时间状语,可判断句子要用过去进行时,其结构为“was/were+现在分词”,主语Zhaxi是第三人称单数,所以用“was cooking”。故填was cooking。
2.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)He (drink) tea with a few old friends in a park when we arrived.
【答案】was drinking
【详解】句意:我们到达时,他正在公园里和几个老朋友喝茶。根据“when we arrived”可知,此处描述的是我们到达时,他正在做的事情,从句是一般过去时,主句用过去进行时,主语是He,be动词用was,后跟现在分词drinking。故填was drinking。
3.(2024·西藏·中考真题)I (read) stories to my sister while my mother was cooking.
【答案】was reading
【详解】句意:妈妈做饭的时候,我在给妹妹读书。根据“while my mother was cooking”可知,当while引导的时间状语从句强调两个动作同时进行,主从句都用进行时,结合was可知,此处是过去进行时,主语是I,was reading符合句意,故填was reading。
4.(2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题)Peter (have) supper with his parents yesterday when the phone rang.
【答案】was having
【详解】句意:彼得昨天正在和他的父母吃晚饭,这时电话响了。根据“Peter...supper with his parents yesterday when the phone rang.”可知,强调在过去的时间点正在发生的动作,用过去进行时,故填was having。
5.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)Tom and his parents (have) supper when the phone rang.
【答案】were having
【详解】句意:汤姆和他的父母正在吃晚饭,这时电话铃响了。此处是含when引导的时间状语从句的复合句,从句动作发生时,主句动作正在进行。从句是一般过去时,主句应为过去进行时,结构是was/were doing。主语是复数,be动词用were。故填were having。
6.(2023·甘肃武威·中考真题)When mom came home, Danny (play) the piano in the living room.
【答案】was playing【详解】句意:妈妈回家时,丹尼正在客厅弹钢琴。根据“When mom came home”可知丹尼当时正在客厅里弹钢琴,此处是含有when的过去进行时,主语是第三人称单数,be动词用was,故填was playing
考点七 被动语态
1. 基本概念
主动语态:主语是动作的执行者
被动语态:主语是动作的承受者
主动:The boy broke the window.(男孩打破了窗户)
被动:The window was broken by the boy.(窗户被男孩打破了)
2. 被动语态基本结构
核心公式:主语 + be + 过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者)
不同时态的被动语态结构:
时态
主动语态
被动语态(结构)
示例(被动)
一般现在时
do/does
am/is/are + done
English is spoken here.
一般过去时
did
was/were + done
The book was written in 2020.
一般将来时
will do
will be + done
The work will be finished tomorrow.
现在完成时
have/has done
have/has been + done
The room has been cleaned.
现在进行时
am/is/are doing
am/is/are being + done
A bridge is being built.
情态动词
can/must/should do
can/must/should be + done
It must be done carefully.
3. 被动语态的使用场景(何时用被动?)
(1)不知道或不必说出动作执行者
The window was broken last night.(不知道谁打破的)
This kind of bike is made in China.(不必说出制造者)
(2)强调动作的承受者
The new library will be opened next month.(强调图书馆)
对比:They will open the new library next month.(强调他们)
(3)动作执行者是泛指或不重要
He is considered a good teacher.(被大家认为)
It is said that he will come.(据说)
(4)出于礼貌或委婉
You are expected to arrive on time.(委婉要求)
Some mistakes were made in your report.(委婉指出错误)
(5)为了句子结构平衡或连贯
The song was written by Jay, who is a famous singer.(定语从句修饰Jay)
4. 主动变被动的转换方法
四步转换法:
找宾语 → 确定主动句的宾语(将变为被动句的主语)
定主语 → 宾语变主语(注意人称和数)
改动词 → 谓语动词改为"be + 过去分词"(be随新主语和时态变化)
加by → 原主语变为"by + 宾语"(可省略)
示例:主动:People speak English all over the world.
宾语:English
新主语:English
改动词:speak → is spoken(一般现在时)
加by:by people(可省略)
被动:English is spoken all over the world (by people).
特殊句式转换:
句式
主动句
被动句
注意点
双宾语
She gave me a book.
I was given a book (by her). 或 A book was given to me (by her).
两个宾语都可作主语
复合宾语
We call him Tom.
He is called Tom (by us).
宾补(Tom)不变,成为主补
动词短语
They took care of the children.
The children were taken care of (by them).
短语动词看作整体
5. 易错点与难点突破
(1)被动语态中的by短语
当动作执行者明确、重要或需要强调时才保留
常可省略的情况:泛指(people, someone)、不重要、已知信息
正确:The letter was written in English.(不必说by whom)
必要:The painting was drawn by a famous artist.(强调画家身份)
(2)感官/使役动词的被动语态
主动语态中省略to的不定式,被动中要恢复to:
主动:I saw him enter the room.(see sb do)
被动:He was seen to enter the room.
(3)主动形式表被动意义
某些动词用主动形式表示被动含义,常见于:
说明主语特性的动词:sell, wash, read, write, cook等
This book sells well.(这本书很畅销)
The cloth washes easily.(这种布料好洗)
感官系动词:feel, smell, taste, sound, look等
The food tastes delicious.(食物尝起来很美味)
need/want/require + doing:表示"需要被..."
The bike needs repairing. = The bike needs to be repaired.
(4)没有被动语态的情况
不及物动词(没有宾语):happen, appear, die, arrive等
表示状态或关系的动词:have(有), belong to, suit, fit等
某些及物动词在某些意义上:cost(花费), weigh(重), last(持续)等
1.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)Hundreds of factories (encourage) to move away or close between 2005 and 2015.
【答案】were encouraged
【详解】句意:在2005年至2015年间,数百家工厂被鼓励搬迁或关闭。根据句子结构可知,主语“Hundreds of factories”与动词“encourage”之间是被动关系,且时间状语“between 2005 and 2015”表明动作发生在过去。因此,此处需要用被动语态的一般过去时形式。一般过去时的被动语态为“was/were + 过去分词”。由于主语是复数形式“Hundreds of factories”,be动词要用复数形式。故填were encouraged。
2.(2025·甘肃兰州·中考真题)The sweet memories in junior high school will be (remember) forever.
【答案】remembered
【详解】句意:初中时的美好回忆将被永远铭记。根据“The sweet memories in junior high school will be...(remember) forever.”可知,此处指美好记忆将被铭记,用被动语态“be done”,空前已有be,空处应是remember的过去分词remembered。故填remembered。
3.(2025·四川德阳·中考真题)A new bridge was b in my hometown last year, making it easier to travel around.
【答案】(b)uilt
【详解】句意:去年我的家乡建了一座新桥,让出行变得更加便捷。根据“A new bridge was...in my hometown last year, making it easier to travel around.”和首字母提示可知,去年建了一座新桥,这让出行更便捷。build“建造,修建”,空处应用其过去分词形式built,与空前的was构成一般过去时的被动语态结构。故填(b)uilt。
4.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)Do you know when the car was (invent)?
【答案】invented
【详解】句意:你知道汽车是什么时候发明的吗?此处主语the car和动词invent之间是被动关系,故此处用过去分词和be动词构成被动语态。故填invented。
5.(2025·四川广安·中考真题)Maybe books will be (代替) by the Internet in the future.
【答案】replaced
【详解】句意:也许将来书会被互联网取代。“代替”replace,结合“will be...by”可知,这里是一般将来时的被动语态,所以此处应用动词的过去分词。故填replaced。
6.(2024·江苏南京·中考真题)Anyone interested in Dunhuang will have heard of Fan Jinshi. Fan (know) to many as “the Daughter of Dunhuang”.
【答案】is known
【详解】句意:任何对敦煌感兴趣的人都会听说过樊锦诗。樊锦诗被许多人称为“敦煌的女儿”。主语Fan和动词know之间是被动关系,此处描述客观情况,用一般现在时,be动词用is,know的过去分词是known,be known to“被……所熟知”。故填is known。
7.(2024·西藏·中考真题)Usually, paper cuttings (put) on walls, windows and doors at wedding ceremonies or festivals.
【答案】are put
【详解】句意:通常,在婚礼或节日里,剪纸被贴在墙上、窗户和门上。主语“paper cuttings”与动词put之间是被动关系,结合Usually可知,此处用一般现在时被动语态,主语是复数形式,助动词用are,故填are put。
8.(2024·内蒙古包头·中考真题)—How can I become a successful person?
—Well, you should remember that success is never by luck. (achieve)
【答案】achieved
【详解】句意:——我怎样才能成为一个成功的人?——好吧,你应该记住,成功从来都不是靠运气实现的。achieve“实现”,动词。根据“by”可知,此处是被动语态,结构是be done,故achieve用其过去分词形式。故填achieved。
9.(2023·江苏淮安·中考真题)New clothes and shoes (send) to children in poor areas by my classmates every year.
【答案】are sent
【详解】句意:我的同学每年都会给贫困地区的孩子们送新衣服和新鞋子。主语New clothes and shoes和谓语send之间是被动关系,根据“every year”可知句子用一般现在时,主语是复数,be动词用are。故填are sent。
10.(2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题)The film Born to Fly is well w watching. You can’t miss it.
【答案】(w)orth
【详解】句意:电影《长空之王》非常值得一看。你不能错过。根据首字母可知,此处是be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”。故填(w)orth。。
一、单项选择
1.Not only you but also Zhou Min _________ given away all the pocket money to those poor children.
A.have B.has C.are D.is
【答案】B
【详解】句意:不仅你,而且周敏也把所有的零花钱捐给了那些贫困儿童。
考查主谓一致及现在完成时。have助动词(复数/第一、二人称);has助动词(第三人称单数);are系动词(复数);is系动词(单数)。根据过去分词“given”可知,此处构成现在完成时“have/has+done”结构,排除C、D选项;根据“Not only you but also Zhou Min…”可知,当not only…but also…连接两个主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”,即与最近的主语保持一致。本句中靠近谓语的主语是“Zhou Min”,属于第三人称单数,故助动词应用has。故选B。
2.She will have a holiday as soon as she ________ the work next week.
A.will finish B.finishes C.doesn’t finish
【答案】B
【详解】句意:下周她一完成工作就会去度假。
考查状语从句的时态。在时间状语从句中,若主句为一般将来时,从句需用一般现在时表示将来。主句“She will have a holiday”为一般将来时,从句由“as soon as”引导,因此从句需用一般现在时,主语“she”为第三人称单数,动词需用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
3.She ________ this book ________ nearly three weeks ago.
A.has borrowed; since B.has borrowed; for C.has kept; since
【答案】C
【详解】句意:她从将近三周前起就一直持有这本书。
考查动词和介词辨析。borrow借入,是非延续性动词;keep保存,保留,是延续性动词;since自从,后加时间点;for与时间段连用。“nearly three weeks ago”是时间点,因此第二空应填since,句子用现在完成时,且动词用延续性动词,第一空应填has kept。故选C。
4.—Did you see Linda? I couldn’t find her anywhere.
—Look! She is at the playground. She ________ our head teacher Mr. Smith.
A.interviews B.interviewed C.is interviewing D.was interviewing
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你看见琳达了吗?我到处都找不到她。——看!她在操场上。她正在采访我们的校长史密斯先生。
考查动词时态。根据“Look! She is at the playground.”可知,说话时琳达正在操场上采访校长,强调动作正在进行,需用现在进行时,C项符合。故选C。
5.My brother ________ everything we needed before I arrived at the supermarket.
A.bought B.has bought C.had bought D.buys
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在我到达超市之前,我哥哥已经买好了我们需要的一切东西。
考查过去完成时。bought买,一般过去时;has bought已经买,现在完成时;had bought已经买,过去完成时;buys买,一般现在时的第三人称单数。根据时间状语从句“before I arrived at the supermarket”可知,“arrived”是过去时,而“买”的动作发生在“arrived”之前,即“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。故选C。
6.I still remember my first English teacher, though we ________ each other for a long time.
A.don’t see B.didn’t see C.haven’t seen D.won’t see
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我仍然记得我的第一位英语老师,尽管我们很长时间没见到彼此了。
考查动词时态辨析。根据“for a long time”可知,此处强调“没见面”这一状态从过去开始并持续到现在,需用现在完成时。故选C。
7.—Is Mr. Chen at home?
—No, he ________ Hangzhou for a medical meeting. He has been there ________ 3 days ago.
A.has been to; for B.has gone to; since
C.has been to; since D.has gone to; for
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——陈先生在家吗?——不,他已经去杭州参加一个医疗会议了。他从三天前起就在那里了。
考查现在完成时态has gone to/has been to的区别以及时间状语for/since的用法。has been to去了已回,for后接时间段;has gone to去了某地未回,since自从,后接时间点。根据“No, he...Hangzhou for a medical meeting.”可知,他不在家,说明他未回来,排除AC选项;根据“3 days ago”可知,此处为时间点。故选B。
8.They ________ after their graduation. They ________ for five years.
A.married; have married B.got married; have been married
C.married; have been marrying D.got married; have married
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他们毕业后结婚了。他们已经结婚五年了。
考查动词时态和用法。第一个空“after their graduation”表示过去动作,可用“married”或“got married”表示结婚的动作;第二个空“for five years”表示持续状态,需用现在完成时“have been married”表示结婚状态持续至今。选项A的“have married”(动作完成)不能表示状态持续;选项C的“have been marrying”(结婚动作进行中)不符合逻辑,因“marry”是瞬间动词;选项D的“have married”同样不能与时间段连用。故选B。
9.—When will our school hold a sports meeting this term?
—It’s a pity. We will not have a sports meeting this term. It ______ because of the awful weather.
A.will be canceled B.will cancel C.canceled D.has been canceled
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——这学期我们学校什么时候开运动会?——真遗憾。这学期我们不会举办运动会了。由于糟糕的天气,它已经被取消了。
考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据“We will not have a sports meeting this term”可知,“取消”这个动作已经完成,且对现在造成了影响(这学期没有运动会了);同时“it(指代运动会)”与“cancel”之间是被动关系(运动会被取消),所以用现在完成时的被动结构“has been + 过去分词”。 故选D。
10.The famous writer’s new work ______ soon.
A.will finish B.will be finished C.finishes D.has been finished
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这位著名作家的新作品很快将被完成。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“soon”可知,句子要用一般将来时;new work与finish之间是被动关系,即作品被完成,需用“will be+过去分词”的被动结构。故选B。
二、单词拼写
11.Living skills will be (teach) in school activities next week.
【答案】taught
【详解】句意:生活技能将在下周的学校活动中被教授。主语“Living skills”与动词“teach”为被动关系,结合空格前“will be”可知,这里是一般将来时的被动语态,其结构为“will be+及物动词的过去分词”,因此这里应用teach的过去分词taught。故填taught。
12.It’s three o’clock. John must be (watch) TV at home.
【答案】watching
【详解】句意:现在三点钟了,约翰一定正在家看电视。情态动词must后接动词原形,此处用must be doing的结构,表示对“正在发生的动作”的肯定推测。动词watch的现在分词形式是watching。故填watching。
13.This is the first time I (visit) the Great Wall.
【答案】have visited
【详解】句意:这是我第一次参观长城。根据“This is the first time…”可知,此处是固定句型“This/It is the first/second/... time that...”,表示“这是第……次做……”,从句中谓语动词要用现在完成时,其结构为“have/has+done”,主语是I,助动词用have,visit的过去分词是visited。故填have visited。
14.He has already (finish) his homework. He can go out to play now.
【答案】finished
【详解】句意:他已经做完了家庭作业,他现在可以出去玩了。finish“完成,结束”,动词;句子中“has already”是现在完成时的标志,现在完成时的结构为“have/has + 动词的过去分词”,finish的过去分词是finished。故填finished。
15.We (learn) English for six years. We can communicate with foreigners now.
【答案】have learned/have learnt
【详解】句意:我们已经学了六年英语了。我们现在可以和外国人交流了。learn“学习”,动词,根据时间状语“for six years”可知,此处为现在完成时态,其结构为have/has+过去分词,主语为We,助动词用have,learn的过去分词为learned/learnt。故填have learned/have learnt。
16.While I (watch) TV, I received a text message from my son.
【答案】was watching
【详解】句意:当我在看电视时,我收到了儿子发来的一条短信。根据“While”和“I received a text message from my son.”可知,从句是while引导的时间状语从句,主句是一般过去时,从句应用过去进行时表示过去正在发生的动作,结构为was/were doing,主语是I,be动词用was。故填was watching。
17.Congratulations! Your name will at the front of the book. (disappear)
【答案】appear
【详解】句意:恭喜!你的名字将出现在书的前页。disappear“消失”,根据“Congratulations!”可知,此处是祝贺对方的名字出现在书的前页,appear“出现”符合,助动词will后跟动词原形。故填appear。
18.After arguing with his sister, he raising his voice at her in anger. (regret)
【答案】regretted
【详解】句意:和妹妹吵架后,他后悔愤怒地对她大喊大叫。根据提示可知,此处需要用regret的动词形式作谓语;前半句的 arguing表明动作发生在过去,句子时态为一般过去时,regret的过去式是regretted。故填regretted。
19.The stamp exhibition thousands of people. It is really a big success. (attractive)
【答案】attracts
【详解】句意:这次邮票展览吸引了成千上万的人。它真的非常成功。 attractive是形容词,意为“有吸引力的”;此处缺少谓语动词,主语“The stamp exhibition”是单数,结合后句“is”可知时态为一般现在时,attractive的动词形式是attract,其第三人称单数形式是attracts;“attracts thousands of people”表示“吸引了成千上万的人”,符合语境。故填attracts。
20.It’s (say) that scientists haven’t found the best way to solve this problem.
【答案】said
【详解】句意:据说科学家还没有找到解决这个问题的最佳方法。本题考查的是固定句型 “It’s said that…”的用法,表示“据说……”。故填said。
三、完形填空
阅读下面短文,从所给各题的A、B、C四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I used to find English very difficult. I always got low 21 in tests and I was afraid 22 in class. I thought I had no gift for languages. One day, I had a long talk with my English teacher, Ms. Li. She told me that 23 was the key. She said, “Don’t be afraid of making 24 . They are a natural part of learning.” I decided to 25 her advice. First, I changed my way of learning new words. Instead of just memorizing them from a list, I started to learn words in 26 by reading short stories and English posts online. This helped me understand how to use them. To improve my 27 , I began to watch English cartoons and movies with subtitles. I repeated the sentences 28 . I also started to keep a diary in English. At first, I wrote very 29 sentences, but I kept practicing every day.
I used to be nervous about grammar, but I found that doing grammar 30 was not boring if I did it with friends. We learned from each other. The most important change was that I started to 31 myself in English every morning. I talked about my plans for the day. It really built my 32 .
Now, I really enjoy English class. I often 33 discussions with my classmates. I’m not the best student, but I have made great progress. Learning English is a journey. It requires patience and good 34 , but it is also full of fun and 35 . If I can do it, you can too!
21.A.scores B.prizes C.suggestions
22.A.to speak B.speak C.speaking
23.A.courage B.secret C.practice
24.A.mistakes B.noises C.promises
25.A.forget B.take C.refuse
26.A.groups B.context C.textbooks
27.A.writing B.listening C.grammar
28.A.aloud B.slowly C.quietly
29.A.long B.perfect C.simple
30.A.exercises B.research C.interviews
31.A.teach B.talk to C.ask
32.A.memory B.confidence C.notes
33.A.join in B.look up C.laugh at
34.A.methods B.friends C.money
35.A.challenges B.differences C.competitions
【答案】21.A 22.A 23.C 24.A 25.B 26.B 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.A 31.B 32.B 33.A 34.A 35.A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了作者通过调整学习方法、坚持练习、增强自信,从害怕英语到享受学习并取得显著进步的过程。
21.句意:我总是在考试中得低分,我害怕在课堂上说话。
scores分数;prizes奖品;suggestions建议。根据前文“I used to find English very difficult.”可知,英语很难,所以“我”总是在考试中得低分。故选A。
22.句意:我总是在考试中得低分,我害怕在课堂上说话。
to speak说,讲,不定式;speak说,讲,动词原形;speaking说,讲,现在分词或动名词。根据空格前“I was afraid”可知,be afraid to do sth“害怕做某事”,固定搭配。故选A。
23.句意:她告诉我练习是关键。
courage勇气;secret秘密;practice练习。根据后文内容,尤其是“At first, I wrote very…sentences, but I kept practicing every day.”可知,老师告诉作者的是练习是关键。故选C。
24.句意:她说:“不要害怕犯错。它们是学习的自然组成部分。”
mistakes错误;noises噪音;promises承诺。根据“She said, ‘Don’t be afraid of making…. They are a natural part of learning.’”可知,此处应表达不要害怕犯错,make mistakes“犯错”,固定搭配。故选A,
25.句意:我决定采纳她的建议。
forget忘记;take拿,采纳,接受;refuse拒绝。根据空格后“her advice”,结合语境可知,此处指“我”接受李老师的建议,take one’s advice“采纳某人的建议”,固定搭配。故选B。
26.句意:我开始通过阅读短篇小说和网上的英语帖子,在语境中学习单词,而不是仅仅从列表中记忆它们。
groups组;context语境;textbooks课本。根据空格后“by reading short stories and English posts online.”可知,此处指在语境中学习单词。故选B。
27.句意:为了提高听力,我开始看带字幕的英语动画片和电影。
writing写作;listening听;grammar语法。根据空格后“I began to watch English cartoons and movies with subtitles.”可知,看英语动画和带字幕电影练的是“听力”。故选B。
28.句意:我大声地重复这些句子。
aloud大声地;slowly缓慢地;quietly安静地。根据“I repeated the sentences…”和前一句“I began to watch English cartoons and movies with subtitles.”可知,此处指大声地重复英语动画和带字幕电影里的句子。故选A。
29.句意:起初,我写的句子很简单,但我每天都坚持练习。
long长的;perfect完美的;simple简单的。根据“I also started to keep a diary in English. At first, I wrote very…sentences”可知,刚开始写英语日记时,写的应是简单的句子。故选C。
30.句意:我以前对语法很紧张,但我发现如果和朋友一起做,做语法练习并不无聊。
exercises练习;research研究;interviews采访,面试。根据“ doing grammar…was not boring if I did it with friends.”可知,此处应表达如果和朋友一起做,做语法练习并不无聊。故选A。
31.句意:最重要的变化是,我开始每天早上用英语自言自语。
teach教;talk to对……说话;ask问。根据“I talked about my plans for the day.”,结合选项可知,“我”用英语自言自语,talk to oneself“自言自语”。故选B。
32.句意:它真的建立了我的信心。
memory记忆;confidence信心;notes笔记。根据前文“I used to be nervous about grammar, but I found that doing grammar…was not boring if I did it with friends.…The most important change was that I started to…myself in English every morning. I talked about my plans for the day.”可知,通过练习、自言自语,建立的是“信心”。故选B。
33.句意:我经常和我的同学一起参加讨论。
join in加入,参加;look up查阅;laugh at嘲笑。根据空格后“discussions”可知,此处指参加讨论。故选A。
34.句意:这需要耐心和好的方法,但也充满了乐趣和挑战。
methods方法;friends朋友;money钱。根据前文“Learning English is a journey.”,结合语境可知,学习语言需要耐心和好的方法。故选A。
35.句意:这需要耐心和好的方法,但也充满了乐趣和挑战。
challenges挑战;differences不同,区别;competitions比赛。根据“Learning English is a journey.”,结合语境可知,学习英语之路充满挑战和乐趣。故选A。
四、短文填空
The West Lake in Hangzhou attracts people from all over the world. It is famous for its 36 (nature) beauty and bridges. Of all the bridges over the West Lake, the Broken Bridge is said to be the 37 (famous). Every year, quite a lot of 38 (tourist) come here to visit it. However, the name “Broken Bridge” does not 39 (mean) the bridge is broken. People 40 (name) it because it marks the end of the way that leads to Solitary Hill, a small hill close to the West Lake. And people have used this name since the Tang Dynasty (618-907).
In the Song Dynasty (960-1279), the Broken Bridge became a popular sight for visitors. They would 41 (usual) come to the West Lake in winter to enjoy the 42 (beautiful) of the bridge. For hundreds of 43 (year), the beautiful picture of Lingering Snow of the Broken Bridge has been a well-talked-about scene. And even today it is still 44 (consider) a good example of harmonious (和谐的) beauty between architecture (建筑设计) and nature.
Poems and 45 (story) of old days helped to make a connection between the bridge and love. For example, the story of the White Snake and Xu Xian meeting on the Broken Bridge has made it an important symbol of love in 46 (China) culture.
【答案】36.natural 37.most famous 38.tourists 39.mean 40.named 41.usually 42.beauty 43.years 44.considered 45.stories 46.Chinese
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了杭州西湖断桥的名称由来、历史与自然景观价值,以及它在中国文化中作为爱情象征的文化意义。
36.句意:它以自然美和桥梁而闻名。根据空格后“beauty”是名词,结合所给词可知,nature“自然”,名词,此处应填入其形容词形式natural,作定语,修饰名词beauty,意为“自然的”,指自然美。故填natural。
37.句意:在西湖上所有的桥中,断桥据说是最著名的。根据句中“Of all the bridges over the West Lake”,结合所给词可知,此处应填入famous的最高级形式most famous,意为“最著名的”,表达在西湖上所有的桥中,断桥据说是最著名的。故填most famous。
38.句意:每年都有相当多的游客来这里参观。根据空格前“a lot of”,结合所给词可知,tourist“游客”,可数名词单数,a lot of后要接可数名词复数,所以此处应填入其复数形式tourists,指相当多的游客。故填tourists。
39.句意:然而“断桥”这个名字并不意味着桥断了。根据空格前“does”是助动词,后跟动词原形,结合所给词可知,此处应填入mean,动词原形,意为“意味着”,表达然而“断桥”这个名字并不意味着桥断了。故填mean。
40.句意:人们给它命名是因为它标志着通往孤山的路的尽头,孤山是靠近西湖的一座小山。根据“People…it because it”,结合所给词可知,name“给……命名”,动词原形,“人们给断桥命名”应是发生在过去,时态为一般过去时,所以此处应填入name的过去式named,作谓语。故填named。
41.句意:他们通常在冬天来西湖欣赏大桥的美丽。分析句子“They would…come to the West Lake in winter”,结合所给词可知,usual“通常的”,形容词,此处应填入其副词形式usually,修饰动词come。故填usually。
42.句意:他们通常在冬天来西湖欣赏桥的美丽。根据“enjoy the…of the bridge”,结合所给词可知,beautiful“美丽的”,形容词,此处应填入其名词形式beauty,意为“美丽”,指欣赏桥的美丽。故填beauty。
43.句意:数百年来,断桥残雪的美丽画面一直是人们津津乐道的场景。根据空格前“hundreds of”,结合所给词可知,year“年”,可数名词单数,此处应填入其复数形式years,指数百年。故填years。
44.句意:直到今天,它仍然被认为是建筑和自然和谐之美的典范。分析句子“it is still…a good example of harmonious (和谐的) beauty between architecture (建筑设计) and nature.”,结合所给词可知,主语“it”与consider之间是被动关系,所以此处应填入consider的过去分词considered,与空格前“is”一同构成被动语态,作谓语。故填considered。
45.句意:过去的诗歌和故事有助于在桥和爱情之间建立联系。根据“Poems and…of old days”,结合所给词可知,story“故事”,可数名词单数,过去的诗歌和故事不仅一个,所以此处应填入其复数形式stories。故填stories。
46.句意:例如,白蛇和许仙在断桥上相遇的故事使它成为中国文化中爱情的重要象征。根据空格后“culture”是名词,结合所给词可知,China“中国”,名词,此处应填入其形容词形式Chinese,作定语,修饰名词culture,意为“中国的”,指中国文化。故填Chinese。
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