课时作业(1) Unit 1 Period 1（Word练习）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第四册高中同步学案（人教版）

课时作业(一)　Unit 1　Period 1 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Americans are afraid that robots are going to take our jobs.Tireless and immune to disease, robots can drive cars, make coffee and even write short and humorous newspaper columns faster and more efficiently than humans. Robots do not need health insurance or salary, and they do not need to take sick days or vacations.They do not waste time on meetings and do not need to know office politics. They don't make the PowerPoint. This being the case, it is reasonable to believe that more employees will be dismissed and robots will soon take the place of humans in most fields. But all of these thoughts may not be true. If artificial intelligence achieves its full potential, machines could easily become as smart as humans—maybe smarter. They will certainly become smarter than a lot of human beings. So one day the robots will realize that work is not a happy thing. So before long they will start behaving exactly like humans.They will play computer games for hours when they should be working hard.They will secretly watch new movies just like humans. Employers will never need to be afraid of the robots' strikes or slowdowns, because robots will never ask for more money.And they don't need to earn some money to raise their family.But precisely (正是) because robots will not be afraid of losing their jobs, they will not work hard. Employers will finally have no choice but to recall the humans.Humans will always be willing to do some work in order to make money, but robots won't. I think that robots will only be on the job for about six months before they start to become even less productive than the humans they were designed to replace.Thus mankind needs not be afraid of robots.Analysing the pros and cons, I think humans still have advantages. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。随着人工智能在越来越多的工作中的使用，有人担心在许多领域机器人会取代人类。本篇文章以幽默的语气分析了这一问题。 1．What is the best title for the text? A．Different Ideas About Man and Robots B．Future Development of Robots C．Will Robots End Up Working Efficiently? D．Will Robots Finally Take the Place of Humans? 解析：选D　主旨大意题。通览全文可知本文首先提出有人担心在工作中机器人会取代人类，然后作者以幽默的语气分析了这一问题。由此可知D项“机器人终将取代人类吗？”最适合作为文章标题。 2．Why will robots secretly watch new movies one day? A．They don't think work is a pleasure. B．They have finished their jobs. C．They are unable to stand the heavy work. D．They are designed not to work for a long time. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，当机器人意识到工作没有乐趣的时候，它们会打游戏或偷偷看电影。故选A。 3．What can we learn from Paragraph 5? A．Robots will go on strike one day. B．Robots tend to ask for a pay rise. C．Employers will decide on humans as their workforce. D．Employers will find it difficult to choose between humans and robots. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第五段的叙述可知，雇主不用担心机器人罢工，因为机器人不会要求加薪。但正是因为机器人不会害怕失去工作，他们才不会努力工作。雇主们最终不得不让人重返工作岗位，为了挣钱，人总是愿意工作的，但机器人不会。故选C。 B News anchors(主持人) must have been reluctant and felt it was like reading science fiction to read out the following news: Xin Xiaomeng began working as the world's first female artificial intelligence news anchor at the Xinhua News Agency on Sunday, three months after a male robot joined the profession. Unlike previous news robots though, Xin does not read news like a cold machine; she reads it more like a human being.The muscles on her face stretch and relax—and her reactions change—as she continues reading. That's why many news anchors are worried: Will AI replace us in the near future? To find the answer, we have to analyse the technologies that support Xin at her job.Three key technologies are used to support Xin. First, samples of human voices are collected and synthesized (合成). This is followed by the collection and synthesis of human muscle movement samples. Third, the voices and movements are married(相结合) in a way that when the AI news anchor reads, the micro electric motors behind her face move to make her expressions seem more human. Yet we need a thorough knowledge of deep learning technology to make a robot imitate a person's voice.The developer needs to collect tens of thousands of pronunciations, input them into the machine and match them with the text for the AI news anchor to learn and read.The process of imitating facial movements is similar.The developer has to analyse the movements of the 42 muscles in the human face, make a model set from the collected data for the AI news anchor to learn, and make it imitate the movements of facial muscles via programs. Both the technologies used to make Xin's performance impressive are mature，whereas the real difficulty lies in the third—the technology to match the pronunciations with facial movements so that Xin's expressions vary according to the content of the news report.In fact, Xin's expressions don't always change according to the content.As a result, her expressions look anything but human.Actually, AI is still no match for human qualities. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了世界上第一位女性人工智能新闻主播辛晓萌背后的人工智能技术，同时作者指出，人工智能仍不及人类。 4．What does the underlined word “reluctant” in the first paragraph mean? A．Delighted.　　　　 B．Unwilling. C．Confused. D．Optimistic. 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的内容及第二段中的“That's why many news anchors are worried: Will AI replace us in the near future？”可知，担心将来自己的工作会被人工智能取代的新闻主播一定不愿意看到人工智能新闻主播将在电视台开始工作的消息。由此可知画线词意为“不愿意的”。 5．What can we learn about previous news robots? A．They read news without expressions. B．They looked like human beings. C．They could interview sports stars. D．They could interact with the audience. 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Unlike previous news robots though, Xin does not read news like a cold machine; she reads it more like a human being.The muscles on her face stretch and relax—and her reactions change—as she continues reading.”可知，与以前的新闻机器人不同的是，辛晓萌播报新闻时不像一台冷冰冰的机器，更像是一个活生生的人。“她”脸上的肌肉伸展和放松，反应也会发生变化。由此可知，以前的新闻机器人播报新闻时面无表情。 6．What do we know about the third technology? A．This technology is very perfect so far. B．This technology is quite popular now. C．This technology remains at the theoretical stage. D．This technology is far from mature. 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“the real difficulty lies in the third—the technology...As a result, her expressions look anything but human”可知，真正的难点在于第三项技术，它使辛晓萌的面部表情根据新闻报道的内容的变化而变化。事实上，辛晓萌的表情不总是随着内容的变化而变化，它的表情也不像人类。由此可知，第三项技术还远远不够成熟。 7．What conclusion can we draw from the last paragraph? A．Human news anchors should learn from AI anchors to save their jobs. B．AI news anchors perform much better than human news anchors at present. C．AI news anchors won't replace human news anchors in the near future. D．Xin Xiaomeng's expressions vary so naturally that they are true to life. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Actually, AI is still no match for human qualities.”可知，人工智能仍无法匹敌人类的特质。由此可知，人工智能新闻主播在不久的将来不会取代人类新闻主播。 Ⅱ.七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The man who could see the future The ability to predict the future is a rare talent. American author Isaac Asimov (1920—1992), one of the greatest science fiction writers of his age, had such a talent. __1__Now that we're here, let's see what he got right. __2__ Asimov presumed computers would cause a revolution comparable to the industrial revolutions. Specifically, he said that “mobile computerized objects” would be an important part of everyday life.Here, he clearly predicted our world of smartphones, tablets and other devices.He also had a great deal to say about space exploration.__3___ How did Asimov develop his special sense of future developments? __4__ He read the newspapers and magazines sold in his parents' candy store. His scientific interest gained sharper focus at Columbia University in New York.Asimov went to study chemistry, but became bored with the pure laboratory science.Instead, he thought hard about the social implications(作用)of science.He wanted to communicate his ideas to the public. __5__ Asimov had his finger on the pulse of both scientific and social change.He had a clear vision of what was around the corner for humanity in his works like the Galactic Empire series. “His predictions are absolutely fascinating，” Calum Chase, an English writer, told BBC News.“He is a genius.” A．As a smart boy, Asimov taught himself to read at the age of five. B．Space exploration can really make our life more convenient and comfortable. C．Back in 1983, he was asked to predict what the world would look like in 2019. D．On the role that computers would play in the future, his prediction was amazingly accurate. E．Asimov had developed a great interest in computer programming since childhood. F．As an author, his books would feature the theme of social change caused by technology. G．The International Space Station proves his prediction that we would not simply visit space but seek to stay there. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了科幻大师阿西莫夫和他的预言的准确性以及他是如何培养他对未来发展的特殊意识的。 1．解析：选C　考查过渡句。由空前句可知，美国作家艾萨克·阿西莫夫是他所处时代最伟大的科幻作家之一，他有预测未来的天赋；再根据后一句可推知，空处在本段中起到承上启下的作用。故C项“早在1983年，他就被要求预测2019年的世界会是什么样子”切题。 2．解析：选D　考查主旨句。由空后句可知，阿西莫夫认为计算机将引发一场可与工业革命相比的革命，根据第一段可知，下文叙述阿西莫夫预测的事情，故D项“对计算机在未来所扮演的角色方面，他的预测极其准确”与本段内容符合，故选D。 3．解析：选G　考查细节句。由空前句可知，他对太空探索进行了很多预测，所以空处要继续谈论他预言的结果。G项“国际空间站印证了他的预言——我们不仅要进入太空，还要设法留在那里”与太空探索话题相关，而且是预测的事情。故选G。 4．解析：选A　考查细节句。由下一句“He read the newspapers and magazines sold in his parents candy store.”可知，他读了父母的糖果店出售的报纸和杂志。A项“阿西莫夫是一个聪明的孩子，在五岁时就开始自学阅读”与下面一句都在讲阅读，衔接紧密。这两句共同解释上面的问题，即首句内容“阿西莫夫是如何培养他对未来发展的特殊意识的？”。故选A。 5．解析：选F　考查主旨句。由该空所在位置判断此处应填入本段的主旨句。由下文可知，阿西莫夫能把握科学和社会变革的脉搏。他在《银河帝国系列》等作品中清楚地预见了人类即将面临的事情。故F项“作为一名作家，他的书的特色是以科技引起的社会变革为主题”作为本段主旨句最为合适。 Ⅲ.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Many teachers believe that hands­on experience is the 1.______(good) way to learn. A group of students in the United States are putting that belief to the test. They 2.______(success) designed and built a robot for discovering unexplored mines 3.______the bottom of the sea. Students made the robot 4.______(answer) a challenge from the US Department of Defense. The students recently tested the underwater vehicle 5.______(call) PerseusⅡin a 95­metre­long tank of water at the Stevens Institute of Technology. The robot costs about $15，000 to build. The students use a video game control to direct 6.______(it) movements in the tank. What's more, devices known as Japters 7.______(able) the robot to go up, down and towards its target in the water. Video cameras on the robot send images back to a computer through a 13­metre­long cable. Perseus Ⅱ，8.______the students worked up to 20 hours a week to design and build, also has 9.____set of lasers(激光), which are used to measure the size of an object. DeLorme supervised the project from 10.______(begin) to end. He says the specialized requirements of robots are demanding. 【语篇解读】　本文介绍了美国学生成功设计和制造了一款机器人。 1．best　考查形容词最高级。句意：许多老师相信亲自动手的经历是最好的学习方法。根据定冠词the可知此处用形容词最高级，故填best。 2．successfully　考查词形转换。修饰动词designed and built，故用副词successfully。 3．at　考查介词。at the bottom of是固定短语，意为“在……的底部”。 4．to answer　考查动词不定式。表示目的“为了应对挑战”，故用不定式to answer。 5．called　考查非谓语动词。句意：这些学生最近测试了这款叫作PerseusⅡ的水下工具。the underwater vehicle与call之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词called作后置定语。 6．its　考查代词。句意：这些学生用一个视频游戏操纵装置来指挥它的运动。修饰名词movements应用形容词性物主代词its。 7．enable　考查词形转换。句意：更重要的是，被称为Japters的装置使机器人能够在水里向上走、向下走、朝着它的目标前进。主语为devices，其后缺少谓语动词，故应填动词enable。 8．which　考查定语从句。此句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词PerseusⅡ指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，故填which。 9．a　考查冠词。a set of是固定短语，意为“一套”。 10．beginning　考查固定短语。from beginning to end是固定短语，意为“自始至终”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $