Unit 12 Part B Lesson 2 & Lesson 3（教用Word）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第四册高中同步学案（北师大版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语核心词汇与句式，系统梳理词义理解（如“emerge”“decline”）、介词搭配（如“in spite of”“prevent from”）及重点句式（如“not just...but also...”“as引导从句”），通过基础练习、深度解析到迁移应用的递进设计，搭建从词汇理解到句式运用的学习支架。 资料以讲练结合为特色，词汇解析含例句、拓展及迁移应用（如“influential”的词性转换与短语搭配），句式剖析涵盖语法功能与主谓一致（如“not just...but also...”的就近原则），助力提升语言能力与思维品质。分层练习题（单词拼写、语法填空等）课中辅助教师系统授课，课后帮助学生巩固应用，查漏补缺，培养自主学习能力。

Part B　Lesson 2 & Lesson 3 Ⅰ.根据语境写出下列黑体单词的汉语意思 1．All of a sudden, a wonderful idea emerged in my mind.(浮现) 2．The old man is completely clueless about computers.(一窍不通的) 3．Following the standard, the students rewrote their paper and submitted them for final evaluation.(评估) 4．This is certainly a theoretical risk but in practice there is seldom a problem. (理论的) 5．Molly fought and overcame her fear of flying after being trained for a long time. (克服) 6．Henry Luce has a grand blueprint for the future of the company.(宏伟的) 7．Her health has been declining progressively for several months.(降低) 8．She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash bonus.(额外的好处) 9．The stone rolled down the mountain by gravity.(重力) Ⅱ.用适当的介词或副词填空 1．I don't want to be involved in anything you're talking about, okay? 2．An excess of fat in one's diet can lead to heart disease. 3．All of a sudden, the door closed and the lights went on. 4．At the age of five, he showed exceptional talent as a musician. 5．When washing the floor, put on rain boots to prevent from slipping down. 6．Please separate the white shirt from the colored ones. 7．He turned his face to look up at the sky in a carefree manner. 8．That's a beautiful piece of work. You should be proud of it. 9．In spite of all your talk, you never seem to come to the point. 10．His car alarm had been going off for two days and as a result, the battery was flat. 1．On 14 March, 2018, one of the world's most influential scientists, Stephen Hawking, died at his home in England, aged 76.(教材P58) 2018年3月14日，世界上最具影响力的科学家之一，斯蒂芬·霍金在英国家中去世，享年76岁。 　◆influential adj.有很大影响力的，有支配力的 The group was influential in setting up the new schools. 这个集团对这些新学校的建立颇有影响。 She is one of the most influential figures in local politics. 她是当地政坛举足轻重的人物之一。 [词汇拓展] influence n.　　　　　　影响；权势；有影响的人或事物 vt. 影响；感化 have an influence/effect/impact on/upon 对……有影响 exert an influence on 对……施加影响 under the influence of 在……的影响下 Those so­called friends of hers have a bad influence on her. 她那些所谓的朋友对她的影响很坏。 Van Gogh had a major influence on the development of modern painting. 凡·高对现代绘画的发展有着重大影响。 [迁移应用] 单句填空 (1)A good teacher has a great influence on/upon his pupils. (2)He was one of the most influential (influence) performers of modern jazz. (3)The very earliest sculptures were made under the influence of Greek art. 2．In the early stages of his career, his illness got worse, but he was allowed to do research only rather than teach, which was easier for him.(教材P58－P59) 在他职业生涯的早期，他的病情恶化了，但他被允许只做研究而不教书，这对他来说更容易。 　◆rather than而非，而不是 I, rather than you, am to blame for the car accident. 应该对这起车祸负责任的是我，不是你。 She seems to be clever rather than honest. 与其说她老实，不如说她聪明。 Hearing the exciting news, they cried rather than smiled. 听到这个激动人心的消息，他们哭了而不是笑了。 [词汇拓展] prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 　　　　　宁愿做某事而不做某事 prefer doing sth. rather than doing sth. 宁愿做某事而不做某事 would do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不做某事 other than 除了 less than 少于 more than 多于；不仅仅是 no more than 不超过；仅仅 no less than 不少于；多达 He preferred to starve to death rather than steal. 他宁可饿死也不愿偷窃。 He claims not to own anything other than his home. 他声称除了家他一无所有。 I expect it to earn its cost in less than three years. 我希望它在3年内赚回成本。 In that battle, we wiped out no less than twenty thousand enemies. 在那一次战役中，我们消灭的敌人不少于2万人。 [迁移应用] 完成句子 (1)我宁愿待在家里也不愿去参加那个晚会。 I preferred to stay at home rather_than take part in that party. (2)做成一个盒子不超过几个小时。 Each box requires no_more_than a few hours of labour to make. (3)对大多数人来说，工作不只是一种需要。 Work is more_than a necessity for most human beings. 3．Although Hawking's physical abilities declined over decades, he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes.(教材P59) 虽然霍金的身体能力在过去几十年里有所下降，但他从未停止过他的研究，并对黑洞产生了许多新的想法。 　◆decline vi.减少，降低 They wish that prices would decline. 他们希望物价能降低。 Her influence declined after she lost the election. 落选后她的影响力大为降低。 [词汇拓展] decline v.　　　　 　谢绝，拒绝 　n. 减下，下降，衰退 decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事 fall/go into decline 陷入衰退 the economic decline 经济衰退 on the decline 逐渐下降；正在衰退 one's declining years 某人的晚年 Many students declined to be interviewed on tape. 许多学生谢绝录音采访。 The global economic growth is on the decline this year. 今年全球经济增长呈下降趋势。 [迁移应用] 单句填空 (1)The number of robberies in the area is on the decline. (2)He declined to_discuss (discuss) his plans with the newspaper men. (3)The price of 14­inch TV sets declined from 400 to 320 yuan each. 4．In spite of his disease, Hawking didn't consider himself an unlucky man.(教材P59) 尽管霍金患有疾病，但他并不认为自己是个不幸的人 。 　◆in spite of虽然；不顾；尽管……(仍……) In spite of their quarrel, they remain the best of friends. 尽管有过争吵，他们仍是最好的朋友。 In spite of his disappointment, he managed a weak smile. 尽管他很失望，他还是勉强露出一点淡淡的微笑。 [词汇拓展] despite＝in spite of　　　尽管，不管 despite/in spite of the fact that... ＝although/though... 尽管…… regardless of 不管，不顾 Despite the fact that she wanted to see him, she turned down his invitation. 尽管很想看到他，但她还是拒绝了他的邀请。 The club welcomes all new members regardless of age. 俱乐部欢迎所有新成员，不分年龄。 [迁移应用] 完成句子 (1)尽管年事已高，她仍然过着积极的生活。 She still leads an active life, in_spite_of her advancing years. (2)尽管她个子矮，却是个出色的篮球运动员。 Despite_the_fact_that she is short, she is an excellent basketball player. (3)这份工作面向所有申请者，年龄、种族和性别不限。 The job is open to all applicants regardless_of age, race or gender. 5．He said it had not prevented him from having a family, and being successful in his work.(教材P59) 他说，这并没有妨碍他拥有家庭，也没有妨碍他在工作中取得成功。 　◆prevent vt.防止；妨碍；阻止 Mary's father tried to prevent her marriage. 玛丽的父亲试图阻止她的婚事。 The heavy rain prevented us coming in time. 大雨使我们没能及时赶来。 [词汇拓展] prevention n.　　防止；预防 prevent...(from) doing sth. 防止或阻止……做某事 Prevention is better than cure. 预防胜于治疗。 However, my parents are trying to prevent me (from) going. 然而我父母正设法阻止我去。 ★名师点睛　prevent/stop/keep sb./sth. from doing sth.这个结构中三个动词基本可以通用，不同之处在于：stop和prevent用于该结构时，介词from可以省略，但在被动语态中不能省；keep用于该结构时，任何时候都不能省略from。 He stopped the children (from) playing near the river. 他阻止孩子们在河边玩耍。 You should keep your son from playing football in the street. 你应该阻止你的儿子在大街上踢足球。 [迁移应用] 完成句子 (1)你能不能不让你的狗到我的花园里来？ Can't you prevent/stop/keep_your_dog_from_coming into my garden? (2)谁也不能阻止这个计划的实施。 No one can keep_the_plan_from_being carried out. (3)他因病未能参加期末考试。 He was_prevented by illness from_taking the final exam. 1．Hawking was famous, not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmolog, but also for overcoming the challenges of ALS (a disease that affects muscle control).(教材P58) 霍金出名，不仅是因为他在理论物理和宇宙学方面的杰出工作，还因为他克服了ALS(一种影响肌肉控制的疾病)的挑战。 　[句式剖析]　句中not just...but also...连接了两个并列的介词短语。not just/only...but also...意为“不仅……而且/还……”，通常被用来连接并列的成分或句子。 He not only read the book, but also remembered what he had read. 他不但读了这本书，而且记得所读的内容。 [句式拓展] 语法功能：连接并列的成分，可以是两个主语、谓语、表语、状语，也可以是两个句子。 形式：not just/only...but (also)...其中，also通常可以省略。 主谓一致：not just/only...but (also)...连接两个并列的成分作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数遵循“就近原则”，即谓语动词的人称和数与but (also)后面的成分保持一致。 Not only you but (also) he wants to go to a key university. 不但你，还有他也想上重点大学。 Children's TV programs are not only entertaining but (also) instructive. 儿童电视节目不仅有娱乐性还有教育意义。 ★名师点睛　当not just/only...but (also)...连接两个并列句子时，若not just/only位于句首，前面的分句采用部分倒装语序，but (also)连接的分句仍然是陈述语序。 Not only did he speak English well, but he(also) spoke Japanese fluently. 他不仅英语说得好，而且日语也讲得很流利。 Not only can this save money, but it can (also) reduce complexity. 它不仅可以节省成本，还可以降低复杂度。 [迁移应用] 翻译句子 (1)她不仅会说西班牙语，还精通计算机。(部分倒装) Not_only_does_she_speak_Spanish,_but_she_(also)_masters_computer. (2)不但老师们反对这个安排，学生们也反对。 Not_only_the_teachers_but_(also)_the_students_are_against_the_arrangement. (3)她不仅写了正文部分，而且还挑选了插图。 She_not_only_wrote_the_text_but_(also)_selected_the_illustrations. 2．However, as his illness became worse, he lost the use of his hands.(教材P59) 然而，随着病情加重，他更是丧失了手部的功能。 　[句式剖析]　该句是一个复合句。as连接时间状语从句，意为“随着……”，表示主从句的内容都在发展变化。 As she got older and older, her hair went greyer and greyer. 随着年龄越来越大，她的头发越来越灰白。 [句式拓展] (1)as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为，由于”。 (2)as引导时间状语从句，有三个意思：当……时；一边……一边……；随着……。 (3)as引导比较状语从句，意为“像……一样”。 (4)as引导方式状语从句，意为“正如；就像；按照”。 As the old saying goes, a word spoken can never be taken back. 正如古语所说，一言既出，驷马难追。 (5)as引导让步状语从句，从句一般放在主句之前，并且采用倒装语序，从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是名词，前置时要省略冠词。 Young as he is, he already knows what career he wants to follow. 他虽然年轻，可是早就知道自己想要从事的职业。 (6)as引导定语从句，既可以修饰某个名词，又可以修饰整个句子；既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句。 This was such a tough job as no one would accept. 这项工作很艰巨，没人会接受。 As was expected, he performed the task successfully. 正如所期盼的那样，他成功地完成了任务。 [迁移应用] 完成句子 (1)学生们一边朝学校走一边唱歌。 The students are singing songs as_they_are_walking toward the school. (2)尽管他的主意可能听起来有些奇怪，但与会的所有人都接受了。 Strange_as_it_might_sound,_his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. (3)你们必须像尊敬我一样尊敬我的妻子。 You must show my wife the_same_respect_as you show me. 3．However, many people could not really understand what he had written.(教材P59) 然而，许多人无法真正理解他写的东西。 　[句式剖析]　what he had written是宾语从句，what在从句中作had written的宾语。 what常用来引导名词性从句，即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 What she explained about her being late for the meeting made us very amazed. 她对她开会迟到的解释让我们很惊讶。(what引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语) That they won the game was what we had expected. 他们赢得了这场比赛，这正是我们所期盼的。(what引导表语从句，并在从句中作宾语) Ten minutes later, we arrived at what was called Gum Tree. 10分钟后，我们到了一个叫桉树村的地方。(what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语) ★名师点睛　(1)what在相应的名词性从句中通常有一定的意义，常表示“什么”“什么样的”“所……的”“……的样子”“……的事/话”等。 (2)what在相应的名词性从句中常作主语、宾语或表语。 (3)that也可引导名词性从句，但that在从句中不作成分，不必译出。that引导宾语从句时可以省略，但引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时不能省略。 The problem is what has made her so angry at the conference. 问题是什么使她在会议上如此生气。 That she didn't change her mind made me very angry. 她没有改变注意，这使我很生气。 [迁移应用] 单句填空 (1)Please attend to what is concerned with your project. (2)Can you tell me what you need most at present? (3)What is known to us all is that the 2024 Olympic Games will take place in Paris. Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．There has been a sharp decline (下降) in profits this year. 2．The stone rolled down the mountain by gravity (重力). 3．The wedding was a very grand (宏大的) occasion. 4．She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash bonus (奖金). 5．When the moon emerged (出现) from behind the clouds, I made out a figure moving in the distance. 6．Is it a coincidence (巧合) that the most innovative companies are also the best known brands? 7．The old woman is completely clueless (一无所知) about computers. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Language emerges and develops with the emergence (emerge) and development of society. 2．The school has only been open for six months, so it's hard to_evaluate (evaluate) its success. 3．Job training is an investment (invest), not a cost. So you must take it seriously. 4．Inspiration doesn't emerge coincidentally (coincidence). Instead, it comes from the efforts we have been making before. 5．I don't want this misunderstanding (misunderstand) to come between us. 6．It is a good time to find a new job at the beginning of the year. 7．He was excited (excite) to tell us he would go abroad. 8．Dr. White's opinion is that all hard work will lead to the success. Ⅲ.短语填空 by coincidence, all of a sudden, become involved in, pay attention to, in other words, make a discovery, lead to, agree with 1．Too much work and too little rest often leads_to illness. 2．I think it's important for the teenagers to become_involved_in community service. 3．By_coincidence,_we all arrived at the station at the same time. 4．He does better than before. In_other_words,_he is determined to do well. 5．Everyone should pay_attention_to safety when crossing the road. 6．All_of_a_sudden,_the boy slipped into the river. 7．We agree_with you that the open system is by far the best. 8．He made_a_discovery that made his parents proud. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $