Unit 12 Part A Topic Talk & Lesson 1（教用Word）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第四册高中同步学案（北师大版）

本讲义围绕“创新”主题，系统梳理科学与技术创新相关词汇（如relativity, genius）、复杂句式（如定语从句、独立主格结构）及形容词分类与排序规则，通过传记阅读、词汇拓展、句式分析和语法精析构建学习支架，帮助学生逐步掌握主题语言知识。 资料以爱因斯坦传记导入，融合语言能力与文化意识培养，通过词汇迁移应用（如adapt的用法练习）和语法实例分析（如复合形容词“one-year-old”）提升思维品质。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后练习题助力学生查漏补缺，强化学习能力。

UNIT 12　INNOVATION 单元主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术创新 Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower.——Steve Jobs 领袖和跟风者的区别就在于创新。——史蒂夫·乔布斯 类文赏读　话题导入 THE MAN WHO CHANGED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE Albert Einstein, who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived.He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well­known being the general theory of relativity1 and the famous formula E＝mc2. Einstein was not only a genius2；he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people. This gentle genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879. When he was 16, he tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam, despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics. After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900. After two years of looking for work as a teacher, Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss patent office.While working there, out of a strong passion3 for knowledge, he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. That same year, which was later recorded as a miracle year in science. he published four extraordinary physics papers. Following this, he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton. After four years, he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enter research full­time at a university. In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric4 effect. Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions5 closed to him. As a consequence, he had to flee Germany. After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position6 as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. Following that, he continued to make great achievements in physics and mathematics. To the public, he was seen as a slightly odd­looking but kind and funny man.He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock. Although he was a genius, he sometimes forgot things, like his friends's birthdays.But despite his peculiarities7, he was loved by his friends and neighbours.There is even a story about how he helped a little girl who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework. In fact, Einstein often encountered8 people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help explain things.After many such occasions, he finally started saying, “Pardon me! Sorry! Always I am mistaken for Professor Einstein！” On 18 April 1955, it was reported that Einstein had passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist. (选自新人教版选择性必修第一册　UNIT 1) 词汇积累 1．relativity/relətIvəti/n.相对论 2．genius/diniəs/n.天才 3．passion/pn/n.酷爱；激情 4．photoelectric/fətəIlektrIk/adj.光电的 5．institution/Insttjun/n.制度；习俗 6．take up a position担任；任职 7．peculiarity/pIkjulirəti/n.个性；特点 8．encounter/Inkantə(r)/v.偶然碰到；遇到 n.邂逅 靓句背诵 1．Albert Einstein, who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived. 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦——这位或许是现代物理学领域最伟大的科学家——被公认是有史以来智商最高的人之一。 [句式分析]　本句是一个复合句。句中的两个who都引导定语从句，先行词分别是Albert Einstein和the smartest men。 2．He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well­known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2. 他为世界做出了无数的的贡献，最为出名的当数广义相对论和著名的方程式E＝mc2。 [句式分析]　本句是一个简单句，但是包含一个独立主格结构：the most well­known being the general theory...。 3．He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock. 他胡须浓密，头发发又长又白，有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。 [句式分析]　 本句是一个复合句。其中which引导定语从句，先行词是hair; as though引导状语从句。 4．There is even a story about how he helped a little girl who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework. 甚至还有一件轶事，说的是他如何为一名上门求助的小女孩讲解家庭作业。 [句式分析]　 本句是一个复合句。其中how引导宾语从句；who引导定语从句，先行词是a little girl。(这是边文，请据需要手工删加) (这是边文，请据需要手工删加) 英语　选择性必修第四册(BS)(这是双页眉，请据需要手工删加) UNIT 12　INNOVATION(这是单页眉，请据需要手工删加) Part A　Topic Talk & Lesson 1 Ⅰ.根据语境写出下列单词 1．carry out scientific experiments进行科学实验 2．donate money to the disaster area向灾区捐款 3. correspond with friends regularly和朋友定期通信 4．instant coffee速溶咖啡 5．launch a rocket into space发射火箭进入太空 6．apologize to sb.subsequently随后向某人道歉 7．a constant stream of visitors all day整天络绎不绝的游客 8．the findings of the research研究的结果 9．perceive a change in one's mood 察觉到某人情绪的变化 10．in my humble opinion依我的拙见 11．the outcome of the negotiation谈判结果 12．check the accuracy of the figures核实数字的准确性 13．finish the task in a joint effort共同完成任务 14．study hard and efficiently 努力高效地学习 15．propose a possible solution to the mystery 提出了对这个奥秘的一种可能的解答 Ⅱ.选词填空 single out, in fact, figure out, work on, not to mention, according to, range from, go out, deal with, be dedicated to 1．He has been working_on his new novel these days. 2．Jack was singled_out to attend the speaking contest to be held next week on behalf of the whole class. 3．China will continue to be_dedicated_to international cooperation in this area. 4．The lights suddenly went_out when I was watching TV last night. 5．It didn't take the children long to figure_out the correct answer. 6．In_fact,_I know nothing about the man next door except that he is working for a private company. 7．Lots of magazines in foreign languages have been subscribed to, not_to_mention those in Chinese. 8．According_to the timetable, the plane takes off at 8∶30 a．m.. 9．These types of loans can range_from $ 3 million to $ 10 million in value. 10．You need the patience of Job to deal_with some of our customers. Ⅲ.根据课文补全下列句式 1．We started flying around the world, launching satellites into orbit and，at_the_same_time,_scientists figured out how to split the atom，previously_thought_to_be the smallest particle of matter in the universe. 我们开始坐飞机周游世界， 将人造卫星发射到轨道上。同时， 科学家们发现了如何分裂原子。在此之前人们认为原子是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。 2．Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery, it_is_possible_to_single_out a few pioneers of the 20th century. 虽然要选出最重要的发现是不可能的， 但要选出几位20世纪的先驱是可能的。 3．With_computers_talking_to_one_another,_it would enable government leaders to communicate with each other. 计算机之间的对话将使政府领导人能够相互沟通。 4．Human life on this planet has been transformed into a “global village”， with_all_the_different_countries_linked in the chain of common interests. 在这个星球上人类生活已经变成了一个“地球村”， 各国利益相连。 1．Intelligence is the ability to adapt to change.(教材P51) 智力是适应变化的能力。 　◆adapt v．使适应；适应；使适合；改编，改写；改造，修改 We must adapt our thinking to the new conditions. 我们必须使自己的思想适应新的情况。 He adapted (himself) quickly to the customs. 他很快适应了这些风俗习惯。 The car has been specially adapted for use by the handicapped. 这辆车已经过特别改装以供残疾人使用。 [词汇拓展] adapt to　　　　适应 adapt...to... ……适应…… adaptable adj. 能适应的，适应性强的； 可改编的 adaptive adj. 适应的，适合的 adaptation n. 适应，适合；改编本 be adapted for... 为……改编/改造/改装 be adapted from...　由……改编 be well adapted to 特别适应 He is an adaptable man and will soon learn the new work. 他是个适应性很强的人，很快就将学会这份新工作。 The process of adaptation to a new school is difficult for some children. 对一些孩子来说，适应新学校的过程很难。 These books have been adapted for middleschool students. 这些书籍是为中学生们改编的。 [迁移应用] 单句填空 (1)He specialises in screen adaptations (adapt) of classic novels. (2)This film was adapted from a novel written by Mo Yan. (3)Our son has adapted to a very different system of education. 2．Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased organs with donated ones.(教材P52) 医学上的进步范围很广，从利用显微镜揭示病因，到施行手术，用捐赠的器官做器官移植。 　◆range v．在某范围内变化；涉及；排列 n.限度，范围，幅度，程度；种类 There were 120 students whose ages ranged from 10 to 18. 有120名学生，年龄在10岁至1 8岁之间。 His lectures ranged widely over a variety of topics. 他的讲座广泛涉及各种话题。 Cups and plates were neatly ranged on her shelves. 杯子和盘子整齐地排列在她的架子上。 [词汇拓展] a wide range of　 　范围广泛的 beyond one's range＝beyond the range of 超出……范围 range from...to... 从……到……不等 in/within range of 在范围内 out of range of 超出……范围 Uganda's beautiful highlands are host to a wide range of wildlife. 乌干达美丽的高地是众多野生动植物的栖息地。 The cat stayed well out of range of the children. 那只猫离孩子们远远的。 Madagascar's ecosystems range from the rainforest to the semi­desert. 马达加斯加的生态系统从雨林到半荒漠等不一而足。 [迁移应用] 完成句子 (1)有多种颜色和图案可供选择。 A_wide_range_of colors and patterns are available. (2)这辆车的价格超出了大多数人的购买能力。 This car is beyond_the_range_of most people's pockets. (3)山上的在我视野范围内的树木都被砍倒了。 The trees on the mountairis in/within_range_of my vision have all been cut down. 3．Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones, and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.(教材P52) 随着移动电话的出现，我们通信方式发生了变化，从写信变成了发电子邮件和发达即时消息。 　◆correspond vi.通信 We've corresponded (with each other) for years but I've never actually met him. 我们已(互相)通信多年了，可是我实际上从未见过他本人。 She still corresponds with friends she met in Majorca nine years ago. 她依然和9年前在马略卡岛遇到的朋友们通信。 [词汇拓展1] correspond to/with sth. 　　　　　与……一致，符合；相当于 correspond with sb.与某人通信 correspondence n. 信件；通信；关系；联系 corresponding adj. 符合的；对等的；相关联的 Alexander has kept up a correspondence with his friend for over a year. 亚历山大跟他的一个朋友保持通信已超过一年了。 His actions do not correspond with his words. 他言行不一。 The American Congress corresponds to the British Parliament. 美国国会相当于英国议会。 [迁移应用1] 单句填空 (1)Profits have risen by 15 percent compared with the corresponding (correspond) period last year. (2)Their nursery schools correspond roughly to/with our infant schools. (3)She corresponded regularly with her former music teacher. ◆instant adj.立刻的，马上的 His new book was an instant success. 他的新书一出版就大获成功。 I felt instant relief after treatment. 医治后我随即感到舒服。 [词汇拓展2] instant n.　　　　　片刻，瞬息 instant coffee 速溶咖啡 instant noodles 方便面 in an instant 立刻，立即 instantly adv. 立即，马上 　conj. 一……就…… the instant (that) 一……就…… In an instant, he took off his coat and jumped into the water. 他立即脱下外套，跳入水中。 He sent me an email instantly he arrived in Paris. 他一到巴黎就给我发了一封电子邮件。 I sent you the news the instant (that) I heard it. 我一听到此消息便通知你了。 [迁移应用2] 完成句子 (1)下雨了，人群立刻散尽。 When the rain started, the crowd vanished in_an_instant . (2)我一看到他就知道，他正是警方在寻找的那个人。 The_instant I saw him, I knew he was what the police were looking for. 4．We started flying around the world, launching satellites into orbit and, at the same time, scientists figured out how to split the atom, previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universt.(教材P52) 我们开始坐飞机周游世界，将人造卫星发射至轨道。同时，科学家们发现了如何分裂原子。在此之前，原子被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。 　◆figure out解决；计算出；弄明白 The children figured out the right answer quickly. 孩子们很快算出了正确答案。 I was trying to figure out what had happened. 我试图弄明白出了什么事。 We must figure out how to solve the problem. 我们必须弄明白如何解决这个问题。 [词汇拓展] figure vt.& vi.　　　认为；估计；出现 figure in 包括进；算进 figure on 指望；计划 I figured that he was drunk and shouldn't be allowed to drive. 我认为他喝醉了，不应该让他开车。 We figured in the travel expenses but forgot the cost of meals. 我们把旅费算了进去，但忘了计算伙食费。 It may take several hours to figure up these expenses. 计算这些费用也许要用好几个小时。 [迁移应用] 用适当的介词或副词填空 (1)Do I still figure in your plans? (2)I hadn't figured on getting home so late. (3)I have figured out how much during the week I spent. 5．In the summer of 1905, this outspoken young man was rocking his one­year­old baby when he was suddenly inspired.(教材P52) 1905年夏天，这个直言不讳的年轻人正摇着他的一岁大的婴儿，在这时，他突然受到了启发。 　 ◆inspire vt.鼓舞，鼓励；激励；给某人创作灵感 The excellent situation has been inspiring us to win greater victories. 大好形势不断鼓舞着我们争取更大的胜利。 You inspired me by playing the piano so beautifully. 你弹奏的优美的钢琴曲激发了我的灵感。 [词汇拓展] inspire to do sth.　激励某人去做某事 inspiration n. 鼓舞；启示；灵感 inspired adj. 激动的；得到灵感的 inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；启发灵 感的；使人振奋的 India's myths and songs are the inspiration for her books. 印度的神话与歌曲是她那些书的灵感来源。 It was not exactly our most inspiring performance of the season. 那并非是我们本赛季最激动人心的表现。 [迁移应用] 用所给词的适当形式填空 (1)His glorious life will always be an inspiration (inspire) to us. (2)We were greatly inspired by his inspiring (inspire) speech. (3)Our challenge is to inspire those voters to_join (join) our cause. 6．With the development of computers, people expected to get more things done efficiently.(教材P53) 随着计算机的发展，人们期望能有效率地完成更多的事情。 　◆efficiently adv.有效率地，高效能地 The police dealt with the incident very efficiently. 警方非常高效率地处理了这一事件。 It is very hard to work efficiently in such a confined space. 在这样狭小的空间里很难高效地工作。 [词汇拓展] efficient adj.　　有效率的，高效能的 inefficient adj. 效率低下的 efficiency n. 效率，效能 effective adj. 有效的；生效的 effectively adv. 有效地 Their equipment was not as efficient at finding gold as today's machinery. 在探寻金矿方面，他们的设备不如现在的机器高效。 Their communication systems are inefficient in the extreme. 他们的通信系统效率极低。 [迁移应用] 用所给词的适当形式填空 (1)Many children can't function effectively (effective) in large classes. (2)I was impressed by the efficiency (efficient) with which she handled the crisis. (3)He could do his work efficiently (efficient) with a background of domestic comforts. 7．During the Cold War, a “huge network” of computers was proposed by two American scientists.(教材P53) 在冷战期间，两位美国科学家提出了计算机的“巨型网络”(概念)。 　◆propose vt.提出(某观点、方法等) He has proposed a resolution limiting the role of US troops. 他提出了一项限制美军作用的决议。 They proposed concrete suggestlons for improvement. 他们提出了具体的改进建议。 [词汇拓展] propose sb. as　 提名/推荐某人(任某职) propose to sb. 向某人求婚 propose that...(should) do sth. 提议/建议……做某事 propose a toast to... 提议为……干杯 proposal n. 建议；提议 I propose him as a candidate for the presidency. 我提名他为总统候选人。 She proposed that the book (should) bebanned. 她提议查禁这本书。 We fell into love at first sight, and he proposed to me six weeks later. 我们一见钟情，6周后他就向我求婚了。 [迁移应用] 单句填空 (1)I'd like to propose a toast to the bride and groom. (2)His proposal (propose) that the system should be changed was rejected. (3)He proposed that a friendly competition (should)_be_started (start) among the different classes. 8．I could come up with hundreds of inventions that will enable people to live better lives.(教材P55) 我可以想出成百上千种发明，让人们过上更好的生活。 　◆come up with提出；想出；赶上 He came up with a new idea for increasing sales. 他想出了一个增加销售量的新主意。 We came up with them at the top of the mountain. 我们在山顶赶上了他们。 [词汇拓展] come about　　发生 come across (偶然)遇见，发现 come along 来吧；一起来；进步；进展 come back 回来；回想 come from 来自 come off 离开；脱落；举行 come on 跟着来；进步；快点 come out 出来；出版；结果是；开花 come to 共计；达成；苏醒；归结为 come up 走近；上来；被提及 Can you explain how it came about that you were an hour late for class? 你上课迟到一个小时，你能解释一下它是怎么发生的吗？ There's a big press launch today and you're most welcome to come along. 今天有一个大型的媒体推介会，非常希望您能光临。 [迁移应用] 用come短语的适当形式填空 (1)My parents often come_up_with some good proposals for me. (2)The gardener went into his garden to see if the flowers had come_out． (3)We've just come_across an old friend we haven't seen for ages. (4)Spokesman Williams says those talks are coming_along quite well. 1．Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones, and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.(教材P52) 随着移动电话的出现，我们的通信方式发生了变化，从写信变成了发电子邮件和发送即时消息。 　[句式剖析]　句中的we correspond是定语从句，修饰先行词the way，引导定语从句的关系词that或in which被省略掉了。 This is the best way he can remember the words. 这是他能记住单词的最好方法。 He loved the way she smiled。 他喜欢她微笑的样子。 [句式拓展] way意为“方式；方法”时，如果在定语从句中作状语，定语从句可以用that或in which来引导，也可以省略引导词；如果在后面的定语从句中作主语或宾语，定语从句一般用that或which来引导，也可以省略引导词(作宾语时)。 You should pay attention to the way (that/in which)you speak to your parents. 你应该注意与父母讲话的方式。(作状语) The way that/which was put forward by the kid was reasonable. 那孩子提出的方法是合理的。(作主语) The way (that/which) he explained to us was quite simple. 他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。(作宾语) ★名师点睛　除了定语从句之外，way后面的定语还可以是动词不定式或of短语。 There was no way to prove that he had stolen the money. 没有办法证明是他偷了那笔钱。 This is a new way of storing information. 这是储存信息的新方法。 [迁移应用 ] (1)He often thinks of various ways of making his class interesting and lively. (2)The way that/which the professor introduced to the students was easy to understand. (3)Culture is the way that/in_which a group of people solve problems. 2．We started flying around the world, launching satellites into orbit and, at the same time, scientists figured out how to split the atom, previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe.(教材P52) 我们开始坐飞机周游世界，将人造卫星发射至轨道。同时，科学家们发现了如何分裂原子。在此之前，原子被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。 　[句式剖析]　句中的previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe是过去分词短语，在此处作后置定语。过去分词(短语)作定语，与所修饰词语之间通常存在被动关系；少数过去分词也可表示完成，不表被动。 Have you read the novel written by Dickens? 你读过狄更斯写的这本小说吗？ He is a retired teacher loved and respected by all. 他是一位受到大家爱戴和尊敬的退休教师。 She is sweeping up the fallen leaves on the ground. 她正在打扫地上的落叶。(fallen表完成，不表被动) ★名师点睛　过去分词(短语)作定语的几个特征。 (1)前置与后置的特征：单个的过去分词作定语一般要放在所修饰的名词之前，过去分词短语作定语则要放在所修饰的名词之后。 a used stamp 一枚用过的邮票 the letter sent to our manager 那封寄给我们经理的信 (2)展示出的时态特征：及物动词的过去分词含有被动或完成的含义。 The government decided to rebuild the damaged bridge. 政府决定重建那座被毁坏的大桥。 The electric bicycles produced by our factory are of high quality. 我们厂生产的电动自行车质量很高。 (3)扩展成句的特征：过去分词作定语时，可通过添加引导词和系动词be的适当形式，扩展为一个定语从句。 What can I do to rescue the girl (who is)trapped in the big fire? 我做些什么才能营救被困在大火中的女孩呢？ [迁移应用] 用所给词的适当形式填空 (1)The fox shot (shoot) in the legs couldn't run any longer. (2)Vegetables bought (buy) from the supermarket are always fresh. (3)The concert given (give) by the symphony orchestra was a great success. 3．He double­checked and saw a blue mould in the dish around which the bacteria had been destroyed.(教材P52－P53) 他仔细检查，发现盘子里有一个蓝色的霉菌，在它周围的细菌已经被消灭了。 　[句式剖析]　这是一个复合句。around which引导的是定语从句，修饰a blue mould。 It's an issue around which there is a wide variation of opinions. 在这个问题上，人们的看法有很大差异。 [句式拓展] “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 (1)在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，若先行词是人或物，紧接在介词后的关系代词分别使用whom或which，不能使用who或that。 You may find yourself in situations in which you have to introduce yourself. 你或许会发现你处于必须要介绍自己的情况之中。 The games in which he competed were swimming and shooting. 他参加的竞赛项目是游泳和射击。(which不可换为that) (2)不是所有的介词都能提到从句句首。一般来说，若定语从句中的某些短语动词或固定词组后的介词与动词之间关系较为密切，动词后的介词则不可提至从句句首。因为若将介词提前，其中的短语动词或词组则会失去它们本身的意义或可能使句子产生歧义，如look after、look for等。 This is the pen which I'm looking for. (通常不说：This is the pen for which I'm looking.) 这就是我正在寻找的那支笔。 (3)“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的选用主要根据三条原则： ①根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来考虑。 Have you met the person about whom he was speaking? 你见过他正提到的那个人吗？ ②根据先行词的习惯搭配或意义来考虑。 The farm on which we worked ten years ago isn't what it used to be. 10年前我们工作过的那个农场已不是过去的样子了。 ③根据句子的具体含义来考虑。 The pen with which he is writing now was bought yesterday. 他现在写字用的那支笔是昨天买的。 [迁移应用] 单句填空 (1)China is a beautiful country, of which we are greatly proud. (2)This is the student by whom my daughter was saved. (3)He built a telescope through which he could study the skies. (4)The person to whom you should write is Mr.Ball. 4．With the development of computers, people expected to get more things done efficiently.(教材P53) 随着计算机的发展，人们期望能有效率地完成更多的事情。 　 [句式剖析]　这是一个简单句。with介词短语作状语，动词不定式短语作expected的宾语，其中get more things done属于“get＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。 You must get the work finished ahead of time. 你们必须提前完成这项工作。 I got my motorcycle repaired yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我把摩托车修好了。 [句式拓展] get＋doing sth.开始做某事 get＋宾语＋adj.使/让……变得…… get＋宾语＋to do sth.让/使/叫……做某事 get＋宾语＋doing使某动作进行起来 get＋宾语＋done要别人做某事或遭遇某事 I'll get the children ready for school. 我让孩子做好上学的准备。 Can you try to get them to bring down the price? 你能让他们降低价格吗？ It's difficult to get the car going on cold mornings. 寒冷的早晨很难把汽车发动起来。 [迁移应用] 用所给词的适当形式填空 (1)We must get our teacher to_join (join) us in the party. (2)Getting the factory going (go) in these hard times is almost impossible. (3)She got her glasses broken (break) when playing basketball with her friends. Activity 1　规律探究 感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题 1．If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century... 2．...the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages. 3．...this outspoken young man was rocking his one­year­old baby when he was suddenly inspired. 4．In 1929, another important finding was made by... 5．...the world as we know it today would be a completely different place. 方框中的黑体单词都是形容词，都修饰名词。句1中的single和important是多个形容词修饰名词；有的形容词是简单形容词，有的形容词是复合形容词，如：句3中的形容词是复合形容词；有的形容词前面可以由副词修饰表示程度，如：句5中的形容词被副词completely修饰。 Activity 2 　语法精析 Adjectives(形容词) 形容词是描述事物的特征、性质、类属、状态等内容的一类词，主要用于修饰、丰富、限定名词和部分代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。 一、形容词的分类 类别形容词—daily, direct, local...性质形容词—hot, cold, long...颜色形容词—red, blue, black...强调形容词—complete, entire, perfect...静态形容词—big, small, tall...动态形容词—brave, calm, careful...简单形容词—单个的形容词 本课时我们重点讲解性质形容词、类别形容词和复合形容词。 1．性质形容词 性质形容词有级的变化，能用程度副词修饰，在句子中充当定语(最多)、表语、宾语补足语、状语(很少)。 Our teacher is taller than we are. 我们老师的个子比我们的高。 It is warmer today than it was yesterday. 今天的天气比昨天暖和。 Practice proves that this idea is completely correct. 实践证明，这个想法是完全正确的。 2．类别形容词 类别形容词常没有级的变化，也不用程度副词修饰。有些类别形容词只能作定语，不能作表语，还有一些作定语和表语都可以。 Tokyo and New York are major financial centres. 东京和纽约是主要的金融中心。 Two of the candidates must be female. 候选人中必须有两名是女性。 3．复合形容词 复合形容词是指由两个或两个以上共同组成并起形容词作用的词，复合形容词主要作定语，一般不作表语，常见的复合形容词主要有以下几种类型： 类型 例词 数词＋名词 5­year, 3­week, 2­year­old, one­child, two­hour 形容词＋名词＋ed形式 cold­blooded, warm­hearted， middle­aged, blue­eyed 续表 类型 例词 形容词/副词＋动词­ing形式 hard­working, good­looking， ever­lasting 名词＋动词­ed形式 man­made, snow­capped， hand­made, heart­broken 形容词/副词＋动词­ed形式 newly­built, well­known， new­born, so­called 其他 out­of­date, know­it­all， child­like 二、形容词的排序规则 形容词的一般排序规则如下： 形容词的排序 例词 Quantity or number 数量或数字 sixteen, two, twenty­five, one hundred and ten Quality or opinion性质或评述 attractive, amazing, striking， beautiful, handsome, brilliant, delicious Size大小 enormous, tiny, tall, short 续表 形容词的排序 例词 Age年龄 nineteen­year­old, twenty­year­old Shape形状 round，oval Colour颜色 red, blue, violet, magenta Origin产地 French, Chinese, Italian， British, American Material材料 platinum, diamond 也可以用口诀概括： a small Swiss watch一块瑞士小手表 a large square table一张大方桌 his new Japanese timing device 他的新式日本计时装置 a beautiful short new red Chinese woollen coat 一件漂亮的中式的新的红羊毛短外套 a pretty little square old black Japanese wooden writing desk 一张旧的很漂亮的黑色的日本式的方形木制小写字桌 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Clara had never experienced such well­being (幸福) in all her life. 2．To make sure the children are well nourished, vitamin (维生素) drops are usually recommended. 3．Students have to learn to strike a balance between study and entertainment (娱乐). 4．The technical innovation (革新) will save us much time and labour. 5．Brian is gifted (有天赋的) in writing music; he is very likely to be a Beethoven. 6．When we finish, ISS will be a premier (最好的), world­class laboratory in low Earth orbit. 7．Our constant (持续不断的) aim is to help our guests enjoy the party. 8．In order to achieve this goal, we will strengthen our co­operation and make joint (共同的) efforts. 9．Still, the actor finds ways to keep himself humble (谦虚的). 10．If you look at the paper under a microscope (显微镜), you will see the fibres. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The Internet is an invention (invent) that I cannot live without as we use it every day for study, fun and communication. 2．As a youth, he discovered a gift for teaching. 3．He has_entertained (entertain) us for hours with his stories and jokes. 4．We should learn to control these emotions so that each day will be productive (product). 5．Marie Curie, a Polish­French physicist and chemist, won the 1903 Nobel Prize for physics and the 1911 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. 6．He is one of those who like innovation. 7．Make sure that you follow the instructions carefully (careful). 8．A company should find ways to_innovate (innovate) in products. 9．He is good at solving (solve) all kinds of problems in his everyday life. Ⅲ.短语填空 range from...to..., at the same time, figure out, according to, turn to, deal with, with the development of, one another, be dedicated to 1．We know who can depend on in our lives and turn_to them when we heed help. 2．With_the_development_of the Internet, online education has caught on. 3．In the competition, the children's ages ranged_from 5 years old to 15 years old. 4．Our organization is_dedicated_to furthering the cause of world peace. 5．I hope we shall be friends and come to understand one_another． 6．The findings are arranged in rank order according_to performance. 7．No one could figure_out how he got to be so wealthy. 8．He was afraid of her, but at_the_same_time he really liked her. 9．The local government have taken positive steps to deal_with the problem. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $