Unit 4 Natural Disasters 期末复习单元知识点 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

人教版必修一单元知识 UNIT 4 1、 词性转换 1. die vi.死;死亡→death n.死;死亡→deadly adj.致命的→dead adj.死的;去世的 →dying adj.垂死的 2. shock n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt.(使)震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的 →shocked adj.震惊的 3. breath n.呼吸→breathe vi.&vt.呼吸→breathing n.呼吸 →breathless adj.气喘吁吁的→breathtaking adj.令人惊叹的 4.revive vt.&vi.复活;(使)苏醒→revival n.振兴;复苏 5.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n.折磨;苦难 →sufferer n.受难者;患病者 6.survive vi.生存;存活 vt.幸存;艰难度过→survival n.幸存→survivor n.幸存者 7.power n.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力→powerful adj.强大的;有力的 →powerless adj.无力的;没有能力的 8.long adj.长的→length n.长;长度;篇幅→lengthen vt.使延长;加长 vi.延长;变长 9.disaster n.灾难→disastrous adj.灾难性的 10.dry adj.干旱的 v.弄干;变干→drought n.旱灾;久旱 11.flood n.洪水;大量 v.被水淹没;使充满→flooded adj.被水淹没的 12.destroy v.破坏→destruction n.破坏→destructive adj.破坏性的 →destroyer n.破坏者；驱逐舰 13.evacuate v.撤离;疏散→evacuation n.撤离;疏散 14.affect v.影响;疾病侵袭→affection n.喜爱;爱慕 15.unify vi.&vt.统一;(使)成一体→unification n.统一→unified adj.统一的 16.volcano n.火山→volcanic adj.火山的;火山引起的;火山产生的 17.electric adj.用电的→electricity n.电→electrically adv.用电地 →electrical adj.用电的;电的→electrician n.电工;电气技师 现在两者的区别不明显： an electric/electrical company电力公司 an electric/electrical current电流 an electric/electrical shock触电 18.bury v.埋葬→burial n.埋葬;葬礼 19.effort n.努力→effortless adj.不需费力的；容易的 20.wise adj.明智的;睿智的→wisdom n.智慧→unwise adj.不明智的 →wisely adv.明智地 21. erupt vi.&vt.(火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出 →eruption n.火山爆发;(战争等)爆发 22.supply v./n.供给;供应→supplier n.供应商;供货方 23.emerge v.出现→emergence n.出现→emerging adj.新兴的 →emergency n.突发事件;紧急情况→emergent adj.紧急的 24.calm adj.冷静的 v.使平静→calmly adv.镇静地→calmness n.镇静;平静 25.deliver vt.&vi.递送;传达 vt.发表→delivery n.交付;递送→deliverer n.送货人 26.sum v.总结 n.总和→summary n.总结→summarize v.总结 27.effect n.影响;结果;效果→effective adj.有效果的;有影响的 →effectively adv.有效地；事实上→side-effect n.副作用 【语境活用】 1. This book is three times the ________ (long) of that one. 2. The traffic accident resulted from the driver’s carelessness, resulting in the ________ (die) of 3 people. 3. Luckily, I ________ the terrible car crash last week and I was the only ________ of the accident. (survive) 4. He was ________ at the ________ news, for I could see his ________ look on his face. (shock) 5. The old man went through a lot of ________ in the old days. What was worse，he ________ from heart attack when he was in his eighties. (suffer) 2. After he came to ________, everyone said he was a ________ leader, but now he feels so ________ that he even can’t save his daughter. (power) 3. The new educational policy has a positive ________ on students’ independent learning ability, and it will ________ their overall development in the long term. (effect/affect) 4. In the earthquake rescue scene, the doctor managed to keep his ________ and handled the situation with ________ to comfort the injured. (calm) 5. As senior students, we need to make every ________ to prepare for the college entrance exam, and an ________ schedule can help us balance study and rest. (effort) 6. It was a ________ decision to participate in the community volunteer activity, and the teacher praised her for her ________ in choosing meaningful things. (wise) 7. After climbing to the top of the mountain, she was out of ________ and had to stop to ________ deeply for a while. (breathe) 二、词汇拓展 1. rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援 - go/come to sb.’s rescue = rescue sb. 救援某人 - rescue ... from ... 把……从……营救出来 2. damage vt. 损害；破坏 n. 损坏；损失 - damage sb.’s career/reputation/health 损害某人的事业/名誉/健康 - do/cause (great) damage to ... 对……造成(很大的)损害 3. affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 - be affected by 受……的影响；被……感动 - be affected with 感染……疾病 4. ruin n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏 - lie/be in ruins 成为废墟 - be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟 - ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡 - ruin one’s health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途 5. bury vt. 埋葬；安葬；使沉浸；使专心 - be buried in=bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于 - be buried in thought 沉思 - bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面 6. effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 - make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事 - spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事 - make every effort 尽一切努力 7. suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 - suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage 遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏 - suffer from 受……折磨；患……病 8. supply n. 供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt. 供应；供给 - supply sth. to sb. = supply sb. with sth. 向某人提供某物 - be in short supply 短缺 - a large supply of/large supplies of 大量……的供应 10. power n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力 - be in power 执政；掌权 - come to/into power 掌权；上台 - in one’s power 在某人的掌控中 - beyond one’s power 某人力所不能及的 - do all/everything in one’s power to do sth竭尽全力做某事 11. strike vi. & vt. 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击 - be struck by 被……打动/迷住了 - it strikes/hits/occurs to sb. that ... 某人突然想起…… - strike ... into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心 12. effect n. 影响；结果；效果 - side effect 副作用 - come into/take effect 生效；见效 - have an effect on/upon 对……产生影响 - bring/put ... into effect 实施；使……生效/起作用 三、（1）课文重点短语 1. as if 似乎；好像；仿佛 2. in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 3. in shock 震惊；吃惊 4. come to an end 结束；终结 5. dig out 挖掘出；发现 6. the number of ……的数目 7. blow away 吹走 8. instead of 而不是 9. in times of 在……的时候 10. cut across 横穿 11. as usual 和往常一样 12. get up on one’s feet 站起来 13. in the open air 露天；在户外 14. carry out 执行；实施；贯彻；完成 15. on hand 现有（尤指帮助） 16. sweep away 消灭；彻底消除 17. stay away from 远离 18. fall down 跌倒；倒塌 （2）课文重点短语例句 1. He talked about the city as if he had been there himself. 他谈论起那个城市，就好像他自己去过一样。 2. After the earthquake, the ancient temple was left in ruins. 地震过后，那座古庙变得破败不堪。 3. When the meeting came to an end, it was already dark outside. 当会议结束时，外面天已经黑了。 4. The number of students participating in the sports meeting has increased this year. 今年参加运动会的学生人数增加了。 5. Why not ride a bike instead of driving to work? It’s good for both health and the environment. 为什么不骑自行车而不是开车去上班呢？这对健康和环境都有好处。 6. Despite the bad weather, the mailman delivered letters as usual. 尽管天气恶劣，邮递员还是和往常一样投递信件。 7. Scientists have carried out a series of experiments to test the new theory. 科学家们进行了一系列实验来验证这个新理论。 8. When the sudden storm caused chaos, the local volunteers were on hand to offer necessary supplies to the affected residents. 突发暴风雨引发混乱之际，当地志愿者及时在场，为受灾群众提供了必要物资。 9. Parents should advise their children to stay away from unhealthy online content. 父母应建议他们的孩子远离不健康的网络内容。 10. The strong wind nearly blew away the papers on my desk. 强风几乎把我桌上的文件吹走了。 四、语法 定语从句（Attributive Clause） 1、 定语从句的定义：从“形容词”到“从句”的升级 （一）基础概念 定语：本质是“形容词性修饰语”，用来回答“哪一个/什么样的”，修饰名词或代词。 1. the red book 2. the book on the desk 定语从句：用完整从句充当定语，修饰名词/代词，功能等同于“长长的形容词”，核心是限定或补充说明先行词的特征。 The book that I bought yesterday is interesting. The city where I grew up is famous for its traditional food. I saw a man who was wearing a red coat standing at the school gate. 二、定语从句的构成：拆解 “先行词 + 关系词 + 从句”的三角关系 （一）结构公式 先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句 （二）成分解析 1. 先行词：被从句修饰的名词/代词（可以是人、物、时间、地点、原因等） The girl who is singing is my classmate. 2. 关系词：连接先行词与从句的“桥梁”，具有双重功能 ① 指代先行词（避免重复） ② 在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语 3. 定语从句：完整的句子结构，依赖关系词补充成分 （三）关系词分类表 类别 常见词 核心功能 关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose 在从句中作主语/宾语/定语 关系副词 when, where, why 在从句中作状语（时间/地点/原因） 三、关系代词的用法 关系代词 指代内容 从句中成分 是否可省略（作宾语时） that 人/物 主语/宾语 可省略 which 物/事 主语/宾语 可省略 who 人（主格/口语中可作宾格） 主语/宾语 可省略 （口语） whom 人（宾格，正式用法） 宾语 可省略 （可用 who/that 替换） whose 人/物的所属关系（“……的”） 定语 不可省略 关系代词的用法例句 1. The English textbook that my deskmate lent me is very helpful for my grammar learning. 2. The school talent show, which will be held next Friday, has attracted many Grade 10 students. 3. The girl who sits next to me in class loves drawing cartoon characters in her notebook. 4. The friend with whom I practice English after school is good at oral expression. 5. The teacher whose class we enjoy most often tells us funny stories about his college life. 6. The teachers and textbooks that we used last term are still useful for our review now. 7. The novel which I borrowed from the school library is about a teenage adventure. 8. The classmate whom I helped with physics yesterday got an A in the recent test. 1、 关系副词与“介词 + which”的互换 关系副词 对应“介词 + which” 介词选择依据 when in/on/at + which 先行词是时间名词，搭配介词与时间一致（如on the day→on which） where in/at/on + which 先行词是地点名词，搭配介词与地点一致（如in the village→in which） why for + which 先行词是reason，固定搭配for the reason 关系副词的用法例句 1. The day when we won the group singing competition at our school art festival is still unforgettable. 2. The reading room where we often prepare for our mid-term exams has just got new desks and chairs. 3. The reason why most students choose to join the English club is to improve their oral English. 五、限制性 vs 非限制性定语从句 对比维度 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 核心作用 限定先行词的范围，去掉后主句意思不完整 补充先行词的附加信息， 去掉后主句意思仍完整 标点特征 无逗号，与主句紧密相连 有逗号，与主句分隔开 关系词使用 可用 that；作宾语可省略关系词 不可用 that；关系词不可省略（即使作宾语） 6、 Which 与 That 的核心区别 （一）只用 That 的 4 种高频场景 1. 先行词为不定代词（all, everything, nothing, little, much 等） All that I have is yours. 2. 先行词被序数词、最高级或the only, the very, the last修饰 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 3. 先行词既有人又有物 They talked about the people and things that they remembered. 4. 主句以 who/which 开头的特殊疑问句（避免重复） Who is the girl that is standing at the gate? （二）禁用 That 的 2 种情况 1. 非限制性定语从句中 My father, who is a doctor, works in a local hospital. 2. 关系代词前有介词时 This is the house in which he was born.（不能用in that） 单元综合练习 一、用which, who, whose, whom填空 1. A disaster is a very bad accident or a sudden event________usually causes great damage and can ruin many people's lives. 2. The woman wanted to find and thank the firefighter_________rescued her from the fire. 3. A typhoon is an extremely strong wind_________often happens in the Western Pacific Ocean. 4. The children_________parents could not be found were looked after by neighbours and friends. 5. A tsunami is a very large wave_________is often caused by an earthquake under the sea. 6. People to__________much is given are people of__________much will be expected. 二、选择death, destroy, survive, crash, shelter, disaster的正确形式填空 Earthquakes are a form of natural __________.They are so powerful that they can cause tall buildings to __________ to the ground in just a few seconds. In fact, most of the __________ in an earthquake are caused by falling houses or buildings. New research data from earthquake zones is helping architects to design safer buildings that will not be __________ during an earthquake. Instead of being fixed in place like most ordinary buildings, the new buildings they have designed can move. Other researchers have designed small round houses that will not fall down when there is a quake. Because the houses are round, they can __________ strong winds and floods, and are good __________ during a disaster. 三、用括号中的单词和短语把句子翻译成英语。 1. 志愿者给被困在村子里的人送去了食物和其他补给品。(trap, deliver, supply) 2. 多年以后，他在乡下过着平静的生活，似乎灾难从未发生过。(calm, as if, disaster) 3. 在震区，因为没有栖身之所，人们只好露宿户外。(quake-hit area, in the open air, shelter) 4. 这个援助项目将对非洲女童的教育产生巨大影响。(aid, effect) 5. 虽然洪水没有影响我们的学校，但是却冲毁了低地的许多房屋。(affect, ruin) 6. 幸运的是，志愿者手上有一些船只，可以帮助人们转移到安全的地方。(on hand) 四、用括号里的关系代词将这两个句子合并成一个句子。 1. The baby was crying. The baby was rescued from the building. (who) 2. The CCTV reporter is interviewing a woman. The woman’s family survived the earthquake. (whose) 3. The soldier will remember the rescue worker. The soldier worked with the rescue worker during the quake. (with whom) 4. The rescue workers had to walk slowly through the bricks. The bricks covered the ground. (that/which) 5. My family will always be thankful for the people. We received aid from the people. (from whom) 6. The people lost everything in the quake. We need to help them prepare for the coming winter. (who) 答案 词性转换【语境活用】 1. length 2. death 3. survived; survivor 4. shocked; shocking; shocked 5. sufferings; suffered 2. power; powerful; powerless 3. effect; affect 4. calmness; calmness 5. effort; effortless 6. wise; wisdom 7. breath; breathe 单元综合练习 一、用which, who, whose, whom填空 1. which/that 2. who/that 3. which/that 4. whose 5. which/that 6. whom; whom 二、选择death, destroy, survive, crash, shelter, disaster的正确形式填空 disaster; crash; deaths; destroyed; survive; shelters 三、用括号中的单词和短语把句子翻译成英语 1. Volunteers delivered food and other supplies to the people trapped in the village. 2. Years later, he lived a calm life in the countryside as if the disaster had never happened. 3. In the quake-hit area, people had to live in the open air because they had no shelters. 4. This aid project will have a great effect on the education of African girls. 5. Although the flood did not affect our school, it ruined many houses in the lowlands. 6. Luckily, the volunteers had some boats on hand and could help people move to safe places. 四、用括号里的关系代词将两个句子合并成一个句子 1. The baby who was rescued from the building was crying. 2. The CCTV reporter is interviewing a woman whose family survived the earthquake. 3. The soldier will remember the rescue worker with whom he worked during the quake. 4. The rescue workers had to walk slowly through the bricks that/which covered the ground. 5. My family will always be thankful for the people from whom we received aid. 6. We need to help the people who lost everything in the quake prepare for the coming winter. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $