Unit 9 Section Ⅰ 语法学习课（教用Word）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第三册高中同步学案（北师大版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦英语完成时核心语法点，通过情境对话实例引入，系统梳理现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时及过去完成进行时的用法规则，并对比辨析各组时态差异，构建“情境感知—规则详解—对比辨析—应用实践”的学习支架。 资料以真实对话情境激发兴趣，“要义详析”模块细化时态规则，“即学活用”和“语法主题应用”强化语言运用，提升语言理解与表达能力（语言能力）。对比辨析培养分析比较思维（思维品质），分层练习设计便于课中教学实施与课后自主查漏补缺，提升学习效率（学习能力）。

完成时 [情境探究] 1．—Lily, has you found your ticket? —Not yet! ——Lily, 你找到你的票了吗？ ——还没有！ 2．—Did you visit the Disneyland of Shanghai? —I had intended to, but I decided to stay with my sick mother at the last minute. ——你去过上海的迪斯尼乐园吗？ ——我本来想去的， 但在最后一刻我决定留下来陪我生病的母亲。 3．—Where is Jack? I cannot find him anywhere. —He went to the library after lunch and has been writing his essay there ever since. ——Jack在哪儿？ 我到处都找不到他。 ——他午餐后就到图书馆去了， 从那时起他就一直在那里写论文。 4．—I hear Katherine won the first prize in the English speech contest held last Sunday. —There is no surprise. She had been practicing for weeks. ——我听说Katherine在上周日举行的英语演讲比赛中获得了第一名。 ——没什么好惊讶的。她已经练习了好几个星期。 观察上面对话， 并完成句子： 1．Since the quarrel last year, they have__split__up with each other. 自从去年吵过架以后， 他们就分道扬镳了。 2．They arrived at the airport, only to find the flight had__been__cancelled. 他们到达机场， 竟然发现航班已经被取消了。 3．My knee joints have__been__aching for a week. 我的膝关节痛了一个星期了。 4．They had__been__arranging jewellery since eight o'clock and had only just finished when two robbers broke in. 他们从八点钟开始就在布置珠宝， 刚布置完， 两个强盗就破门而入了。 [要义详析] 一、现在完成时 (1)现在完成时除可以和for, since引导的状语连用外， 还可以和下面的介词短语连用： during/in/over the last(past) few years (months, weeks... ), in recent years, so far, up to now等。 (2)下列句型中常用现在完成时： It has been＋一段时间＋since从句； This (That/It) is the first (second...) time that＋现在完成时； This (That/It) is the best/finest/most interesting...＋that＋现在完成时。 *This is the first time that Jack has won the first prize in the competition. 这是杰克第一次在比赛中获得第一名。 *This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最有趣的一部电影。 (3)在时间或条件状语从句中， 现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。 *I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it. 我一写完信就会寄出的。 二、过去完成时 (1)常用过去完成时的几种情况。 ①句中含有by, by the end of, by the time, until, before, since等后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句。 *By the end of last year, we had produced 20, 000 cars. 到去年年底， 我们已经生产出两万辆车了。 ②表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等， 常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成时， 即hoped/planned. . . ＋to have done。 *We had planned to finish the work before dark, but we were held up by a heavy rain. 我们本打算在天黑前完成这项工作， 但是被大雨耽搁了。 ③“时间名词＋before”在句中作状语， 谓语动词用过去完成时； “时间名词＋ago”在句中作状语， 谓语动词用一般过去时。 *He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. 他说他的启蒙老师至少10年前就过世了。 *Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago. 肖华是三年前毕业的。 ④在hardly/scarcely... when..., no sooner... than... 句式中， 主句常用过去完成时， 表示“一……就……”。当hardly, scarcely, no sooner置于句首时， 其后要用部分倒装。 *We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. ＝No sooner had we been seated than the bus started. 我们刚坐下， 公交车就开了。 (2)在before或after引导的时间状语从句中可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 *After he (had) left the room, the boss came in. 他离开房间后老板进来了。 三、现在完成进行时 (1)表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在。 这种时态多用延续性动词， 表示这一动作可能刚完成， 也可能仍在进行。 *—Tony, why are your eyes red? ——托尼， 为什么你的眼睛那么红啊？ —I have been cutting up peppers for the last five minutes. ——在过去的5分钟里， 我一直都在切辣椒。 *How long have you been living here? 你住在这儿多久了？ (动作可能会继续下去) *Have you been waiting long for me? 你等我很久了吗？ (动作不再继续) (2)现在完成进行时有时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行， 而是在断断续续地重复。 这时现在完成进行时可用非延续性动词。 *I have been ringing you several times in two days. 两天内我给你打过几次电话。 *You have been saying you can succeed for three years. 3年来你一直在说你能成功。 (3)现在完成进行时有时可指“刚才”或“近来”发生的动作。 此时往往暗示这个动作对现在的影响， 和现在的情况有联系， 常含有一种因果关系。 *I feel a little tired because I have been playing basketball. 我有些累， 我刚才一直在打篮球。 四、过去完成进行时 表示一直持续到过去某一时间的动作， 这一动作可能刚结束， 也可能仍在进行。过去完成进行时必须以一个过去时间为前提。 *He had been working in a factory before he came to Beijing. 他来北京之前一直在工厂上班。 *She had been living here before she went to Shanghai. 她去上海之前一直住在这里。 五、注意几组时态的区别 (1)现在完成时与一般过去时： ①时间上有差异： 凡含有过去时间的， 如ago, last year, just now, the other day等均用一般过去时， 不能用现在完成时。 ②结果上有差异： 现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果， 动作到现在刚完成或还在继续； 一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”， 和现在毫无关系。 (2)过去完成时与一般过去时： 过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”； 如出现同一主语连续几个动作(“连谓”)的形式则只用一般过去时即可。 (3)现在完成时与现在完成进行时： ①现在完成时表示动作已经完成， 现在完成进行时表示动作未完成； 现在完成时表示动作过程的持续性， 现在完成进行时强调动作持续的长久性。 [名师点津] 状态动词、知觉动词和情感动词， 如see, feel, know, love等， 不能用于现在完成进行时， 但可用于现在完成时。 *I have been knowing her for a long time.(×) I have known her for a long time.(√) 我认识她很久了。 ②现在完成时同某些频度副词或数词连用时， 表示反复的但可能有间断的动作； 现在完成进行时可以表示反复的、不间断的动作， 不能同具体数词或表示具体次数的词连用。 *I've been reading this book three times. (×) I've read this book three times. (√) 我已经读过这本书3次了。 (4)过去完成时与现在完成时： 二者所表示的动作均始于过去。现在完成时以现在的时间为基点， 侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响。过去完成时以过去的时间为基点， 强调“过去的过去”。若动作截止到现在， 用现在完成时； 若截止到过去某时， 用过去完成时。 *Up to now, he has been to the Great Wall three times. 迄今为止， 他去过长城3次了。 ⊙即学活用 单句语法填空 (1)Up to now, he has__been__selected (select) chairman of the Students' Union twice in our school. (2)During her stay in Hangzhou, Jenny tried almost all the local foods her friends had__recommended (recommend). (3)The cost of living had__gone__up (go) by ten percent before the government took any action. (4)No sooner had she got to school than she began (begin)to clean her classroom. (5)By the time we got home, the man had__left__ (leave)with a note on the door, saying “I'll come tomorrow.” (6)My hands are dirty. I have__been__painting (paint)the door all the morning. (7)Mr Smith gave her one of the pills that he had__been__taking (take) for stomachache or something like that. (8)Technology has__seen (see) some amazing developments in the last few decades. (9)It was the first time in a year and a half that I had__seen (see) my parents. [语法主题应用] 使用本单元所学知识翻译下面语段。 冬天的一天 我的家乡位于一个非常适宜居住的山谷里， 在那里， 人们生活得很和谐。我还记得去年冬天， 当我早上醒来的时候， 雪已经停了。望着窗外， 草坪上银光闪闪的雪已经被爸爸打扫干净了。我合上从当地图书馆借来的书， 下楼去吃早餐， 早餐已经在厨房的桌子上准备好了。然后我的弟弟来告诉我， 他已经完成了所有的作业， 他在前一天晚上做了一个好梦。早餐时， 我们谈到了他的梦。他说他和我以及我们的父母去山上滑雪了， 我们在那里度过了一天。早饭后， 我真的和我的弟弟出去玩了半天雪。这是我们第一次在一起玩得很开心。这真是快乐的一天。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案： One day in winter My hometown is located in a very habitable valley where the people live in a harmonious atmosphere. I still remember last winter, when I woke up in the morning, it had already stopped snowing. Looking outside of the window, the shiny white snow on our lawn had been cleaned by my father. I closed the book that had borrowed from local library and went downstairs for breakfast, which had been prepared well on the kitchen table. Then my little brother came to tell me that he had finished all his homework and he had a very nice dream the night before. During the breakfast, we had been talking about his dream. He said he had gone to ski in the mountains with me and our parents, and we really had had a good day there. After breakfast, I really went out to play snow with my little brother for half a day. It was the first time that we had enjoyed ourselves together. It was really a happy day. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $