寒假作业11 名词性从句（4大易错点+3大避坑点+易错通关练+高考真题+热点话题练习）高二英语人教版

限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业11 名词性从句（4大易错点+3大避坑点+易错通关练+高考真题+热点话题练习）（易错培优练） 一、核心定义 （一）名词性从句的 4 种类型及本质 本质：在句中充当名词的作用（作主语、宾语、表语、同位语），从句需用陈述语序，连接词决定从句逻辑。 （二）分类讲解 主语从句，在句子中作主语的句子叫主语从句。 1.由从属连词that, whether引导的主语从句： ▲that引导主语从句放在句首时,that不可省。 That light travels in straight line is known to all. (that不能省) That he will succeed is certain. (that不能省) That he is still alive is a wonder. (that不能省) That the baby could speak made his parents very happy. (that不能省) That she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence. (that不能省) ▲whether引导的主语从句一般位于句首。也可用it作形式主语,将其后置,此时whether可换为if。 (if引导主语从句时,只能用it作形式主语,放在句首,而将if引导的主语从句放到句末。) Whether she will come or not is still a question. Whether the old couple enjoy the trip remains to be proved. Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. It was a problem whether they would support us. It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good. It is uncertain if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 2.由关系代词who/whoever; whom/whomever(少); what/whatever; which/whichever; whose 引导的主语从句。 Who will win the scholarship is unknown. Who will be sent abroad to further his studies is not announced. Who murdered the present is being investigated. Whoever comes is welcome. Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights Whoever breaks the rule must be punished Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine. Whoever wants to see this film can go with us tonight. Whoever helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. Who/whom he will work with is still a secret. Whom we must study for is a question of great importance. Whoever you fell in love with has nothing to do with me. whoever既用作主格也用作宾语(作宾语时不宜用whomever，因为在现代英语中whomever已几乎不用)。 What you have done might do harm to other people. What must be done has been done. What you said just now hurt her feelings. What impressed me most was his great responsibility for his work. What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality． What surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well. Whatever the parents do is for their children. Whatever you say is of no use now. Whatever was said here must be kept secret. Which school will win the prize is not known. I read it in some book or other, does it matter which it was? Whichever you take will be yours. Whichever book you choose doesn’t matter to me. Whichever of us gets home first starts cooking. Whose relatives lost their life in the shocking earthquake hasn’t been announced. 3.由关系副词when; where; why; how引导的主语从句。 When the plane is to take off hasn’t been announced. Where the heroine went is not mentioned at the end of the story. Where the English evening will be held is still under discussion. Why he often comes here is known to us all. Why he didn't come here is not clear to anyone. Why the sun in the morning looks bigger than the sun at noon is very interesting. How he was successful is still a puzzle. How he managed to finish the composition in such a short time is still a mystery. How and why Einstein had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, and sadness. How much water is flowing can be measured easily. 水的流量是多少…… 主语从句的主谓一致问题 ①单个主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数；两个或两个以上主语从句并列作主语时，若表同一概念 / 事件，谓语用单数；若表不同概念，谓语用复数。 （同一概念）：When and where the meeting will be held is not decided.（会议的时间和地点未确定，表同一事件） （不同概念）：When the project starts and who will lead it have been discussed.（项目何时启动、谁来领导，是两个不同问题） ②what引导的主语从句,谓语动词可由表语来决定。 What we need are women workers. What we need is more time and money. 主语从句中的虚拟语气:其中在it’s natural/important/ necessary/strange that…结构中,主语从句常用should +do的虚拟语气(美语中省去should). It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time. It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand the rule of school. It is natural that she should do so. It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible. ▲It + be +名词+ that-从句 It’s a pity/a shame/an honor/a fact/a surprise/a question/good news/no wonder/ common knowledge/high time that… It is a pity that you didn’t attend the lecture yesterday. It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. It’s no wonder that you’ve achieved so much progress. 主语从句中的虚拟语气:其中在此结构中若为surprise, a pity, a shame, no wonder等表示惊奇、惋惜的名词时,主语从句常用should +do的虚拟语气(美语中省去should)。若为advice, desire, demand, order, proposal, recommendation, requirement, suggestion等表示建议、请求、要求、命令等名词时,须用should +do的虚拟语气(美语中省去should)。 It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad. It’s a pity that I (should) miss the lecture. ▲It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句 It’s said/reported/believed/thought/announced/decided/known to all /must be pointed out/must be admitted that… It is reported that the number of wild animals in Africa is decreasing. It’s announced that the hostages have been released. It’s decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday. It’s known to us how he became a writer. 其中在此结构中若为request, demand, require, beg, propose, suggest, recommend, advise, order, command, urge, desire 等表示建议、请求、要求、命令等的动词,则主语从句中须用should +do的虚拟语气(美语中省去should)。 It is required that nobody (should) smoke here. It is desired that we（should）get everything ready this evening. It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week. ▲It +不及物动词+ that-分句 It seems/appears/happens (to sb)/occurred to sb/turned out/doesn’t matter /make no difference that… It seems to me that you object the plan. It happened to me that I had been out when he called. It occurred to me that I forgot to shut the windows. It doesn’t matter whether he likes or not. It makes no difference that you will go today or tomorrow. 常将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。 It doesn't seem that they know where to go. It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. ▲如果句子是疑问句，则必须用带形式主语it的结构： Is it true that he is the girl’s father? How is it that you are late again? ▲what引导的主语从句,通常直接将主语从句放在句首,一般不用it作形式主语。 What make the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water. 有时也可用it形式主语It is clear enough what he meant. ▲seem的五种用法 ①.sb seems (to be)+adj./n./prep. She seems (to be) quite happy. He seems (to be) an honest man. He seems (to be) in trouble. You don’t seem to be quite yourself today. ②.sb seems to do She seems to know the secret. He seems to be sleeping then. I seem to have seen him somewhere before. ③.it seems that… It seems that she is quite happy. It seems that he was sleeping then. It seems that I have seen him. It seems to be years since I last saw you. ④.sb/sth seems as if …. It seems as if it is going to rain. He seems as if he has known the news. ⑤.there seem(s) to be … There seems to be a small pine on the top of the hill. There seems to be no need to go now. 宾语从句，在句子中作宾语的句子叫宾语从句。及物动词(vt.),介词(prep),少量形容词之后跟宾语从句。 1.由从属连词that, whether, if引导的宾语从句： I know that he is friendly and hospitable.(好客的) they told us once again that the situation was serious . The doctor insists that I give up smoking. The seller demanded that payment should be made within five days. I wish（that）she would understand me. We learnt from his letter that he was studying abroad. Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in. I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out. I wonder whether (if) daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside. I don’t know whether/if he cares about me. I’ll see whether/if I can persuade him to accept the invitation. Realizing that it was just a difference in custom, the foreigner smiled and said nothing. On being asked whether he had had a good time in Australia, he answered “Terrible ”. 宾语从句中If不能替代whether的七种情况 在引导宾语从句时,whether与if通常可以互换.if多用于口语和非正式文体中,whether则多用于比较正式的文体中. if 引导主语从句时，通常用 it 作形式主语（如 It is uncertain if he will come）；但正式文体中，主语从句放句首时，只能用 whether，不能用 if。 She asked me if／whether I could help her with her English． I don't know if／whether they can promote understanding in such a short time. ①引导位于句首的主语从句、表语从句以及同位语从句时,只能用whether. Whether they win or lost is all the same to me. whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen. The question is whether they can cooperate with us. We are discussing the problem whether we have enough funds to carry out the project. ②直接与or not连用时,只能用whether I wonder whether or not they will come to help us. She doesn’t care a bit whether I’m absent or not. ③位于在介词后面,作介词宾语时,只能用whether I'm thinking of whether we should present a gift to the poor girl. I'm not interested in whether she'll come or not． The teacher worried about whether he had hurt the girl’s feelings. It all depends on whether it will clear up. ④在带to的动词不定式前,只能用whether She hasn't decided whether to go or not．  He doesn't know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home． ⑤.在动词discuss, decide等动词引起的宾语从句中,只能用whether. They discussed whether they should close the shop. The old lady has not decided whether she will live with her daughter in the countryside. ⑥宾语从句提前时,只能用whether Whether this is true or not，I can't say. Whether we can really help you, I don’t know yet. ⑦在有些句子中,用if引导宾语从句可能会产生歧义.因此若表示选择含义,最好用whether Let me know whether you are coming. You should tell your mother whether you want to go with her for a holiday. 宾语从句中whether不能替代if的两种情况. ①引导条件状语从句或宾语从句中表条件时 We'll go hiking if it doesn't rain tomorrow． My father promised me that if I passed the final exam, he would show me around some scenic spots in the city. ②引导否定概念的宾语从句时一般用if. He asked me if I hadn't finished my homework 宾语从句中that不能省的十种情况. ①当一个谓语动词带两个或两个以上的that引导的宾语从句时,第一个可以省后几个不能省略. He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it. ②that宾语从句的状语部分位于从句前部时 I promised that if anyone could set me free, I would make him king over the earth. ③宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时 The old lady then explained that what she was looking for was a pair of gloves for a girl. ④在介词后 He has no special fault except that he smokes too much. ⑤有间接宾语时 He told me that he was leaving for Japan. ⑥在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时 I think it necessary that he should stay here. ⑦宾语从句与动词被其他词,插入语或从句隔开时 They told us once again that the situation was serious. We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. When he got to England, he found, however, that his English was too limited. ⑧that从句单独回答问题时。 —What did he hear? —That Kate had passed the exam. ⑨位于句首时 That our team will win, I believe. ⑩在except, but, in等介词后.其它一些介词的宾语从句如由连词that引导,则需用it先行一步,作形式宾语. He has no special fault except that he smokes too much. See to it that children don’t catch cold. The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more. 所得税过高是有害的，因为它可能使人不愿意多赚钱. doubt(vt./n.)的用法 1.用于肯定句,与whether连用. ①I doubt whether he is loyal to his country. (vt.宾语从句,可换为if) ②I have some doubt whether he is loyal to his country. (n.同位语从句) I have some doubt about his loyalty to his country. (n.) 2. doubt（动词 / 名词）用于肯定句时，表不确定，后接 whether/if；若与 that 连用，表不相信（语气强烈，需明确语境）；否定句 / 疑问句中，doubt 后接 that 肯定句（不确定）：I doubt whether he will come. 肯定句（不相信）：I doubt that he told the truth.（=I don’t believe he told the truth.） 否定句：I don’t doubt that he will come. 2.由关系代词who, whom, which what, whose, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever等引导的宾语从句 I wonder who takes charge of it. She will give whoever needs help a warm support Do you know whom they are waiting for? Tell me which one you like best. He can't tell which method they will use for the experiment. Do you know which film they are talking about? You can take whichever you like. Take whichever seat you like. Have you determined whichever you should buy, a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do We’ll do whatever we can to save him. The bosses wants to know whose fault this is. 3. 由关系副词when, where, why, how等引导的宾语从句 I’d like to know when they will let him out. I wonder why she refused my invitation Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip? I asked how he was getting on with his studies. 4.某些形容词后的宾语从句 常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure, certain, glad, pleased ,happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised等。 I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. He is glad that his girl friend went to see him when he was ill. I am sure that you will make greater progress in English through hard work. We are surprised that he has left without saying goodbye to us. 5.介词后的宾语从句 We’re worried about whether he is safe. It depends on whether he is coming or not Please keep me informed of how everything is going. I always think of how I can improve my spoken English. The teacher is satisfied with what she has said. We should pay attention to what the teacher is saying. Peter lives in what used to be a wasteland. He wishes to make friends with whoever shares his hobbies and interest. ▲注意:except, but, in三个介词后可用that引导的宾语从句 I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work in a big company. 6.动词+间接宾语+宾语从句 动词如:advise, ask, inform, promise, question, remind, show, teach, tell, warn等,宾语从句前可以有一个间接宾语,这个宾语有时可以省略,有的不能省略. He asked me whether I was a teacher. I told him that because of the last condition, I’d have to turn it down. He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal. He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but lots of others. 7.宾语从句时态呼应原则 当主句谓语动词是现在的某种时态时,宾语从句根据情况选用任意时态, 当主句谓语动词是过去的某种时态时,从句中谓语动词也要用过去范畴的时态,但若从句陈述的是真理或客观规律,不论主句是什么时态,其谓语的时态仍用一般现在时. He asked who could answer the question 4on Page 5. She said that she had finished her homework already. My father told me that the earth goes around the sun. 8.宾语从句的虚拟语气 ①.wish引起的宾语从句. A) 对现在或将来虚拟用一般过去时 I wish I were you. I wish I spoke English fluently. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese. B) 对将来虚拟也可用would、could、might（should少）＋do.(时间上较后)(请注意：主 句和从句的主语往往不相同).wish表示对将来事情的主观愿望. I wish it would stop raining. I wish you would be quiet. I wish he might stay with me. I wish I could fly. I wish she would change her mind. He will wish we would join him the following week. C) 对过去的虚拟用过去完成时,偶尔也可用would、could、might＋have done. I wish I hadn't wasted so much time. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.  I wish you had called earlier. I wish I had taken your advice. I wish I could have slept longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to school. ②在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中用(should)＋do， desire, request, demand, require, beg ,propose, suggest, recommend, advise, order, command, urge , insist . The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight. She desired we cooperate with the corporation. I prefer you choose the blue one. The students urged the library be open to the public as soon as possible. He proposed that we should go for a walk. He insisted that we tell him the news.  ▲suggest ①作“建议”意时用should＋do，should常省略。②作“暗示、表明”意时宾语从句用陈述语气。 I suggest we start out/off at once. Your expressions suggested you were angry. What you said suggested you had finished it. The research suggested that the figure was true. ▲insist ①表示坚持做/干一件事用should＋do，should常省略 ②表示坚持说明一件事实宾语从句用陈述语气。 He insists that he is right./I insisted that you were wrong. He insisted he was really very tired and that he should be allowed to have a rest. The scientists insisted that silkworms fist were raised by a lady in what is Hu Bei province now. The police insisted that everybody obey rules and regulations. 表语从句，在句子中作表语的句子叫表语从句. 即位于be动词和系动词之后的从句.表语从句主要解释说明或阐述主句主语的具体内容,表意与同位语从句相当. 1.由从属连词that, whether引导的表语从句 The problem is that millions of people die of illnesses caused by smoking. The reason for his absence was that he was ill in hospital. My idea is that we should start making preparations right now. The question is whether they will be able to help us out. The question is whether it is worth doing. 2.由关系代词who, whom, which what, whose等引导的表语从句 You are not who/whom I thought you were. The problem is who we can get to replace her. What I want to know is which road we should take. Mary is no longer what she used to be. 3.由关系副词when, where, why, how等引导的表语从句 My question is when we set off. That’s where you are wrong. This is where our problem lies. That’s why I object to the plan. The difficulty is how we can help smokers kick their habit. 4.表语从句的特殊引导词because, why, as if/though及句型the reason why/for…is that… It is because I love you too much. That’s because you can’t appreciate music. If I’m a bit sleepy, it’s because I was up all night. I failed the exam. That’s because I’m too careless. I’m too careless. That is why I failed the exam. That’s why he didn’t come. It looks as if it is going to rain. It was as though she had known Millie for years. The reason why he was dismissed is that he didn’t work hard. The reason (why) I was late was that I missed the bus by one minute this morning. 5.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词,其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用should＋动词原形的虚拟语气，should常省略。这类名词常见的有。demand，desire，requirement，advice, recommendation, suggestion, order, necessity, preference, proposal, plan, idea等。 My advice is that we join hands to fight against the enemy. My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by everyone． We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off. 同位语从句，用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句.它一般跟在抽象名词fact，idea，news，word, rumor, hope，belief，thought，truth，theory, doubt，suggestion，proposal, possibility, warning, instruction，reason，information, message, story, question, order, demand, wish, doubt, statement等之后，对这些名词的具体内容进行说明或解释.引导同位语从句的词除连词that，whether外，还有关系代词what, which, who, 以及关系副词how，when，where，why等。 1.由从属连词that，whether引导的同位语从句 The fact that we lack enough funds needs to be considered. The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. There is no doubt that the prices of cars will come down. Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. Word came that our team won. The rumor spread that a new school would be built here. They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. He gave us many suggestions that we should get up earlier and take more exercise The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.(这个建议是由主席提出的) 2.由关系代词引导的同位语从句 The question who should be the first has not been settled. I have no idea what should be done next. This is a question who the book belongs to. 3.由关系副词when, where, why, how引导的同位语从句 I have no idea when he will be back. They’re still discussing the matter when we’ll hold the sports meeting. He can’t answer the question how he got the money. They usually write exact instructions how the music is to be played. Many people are considering the question why the prices of houses can’t be controlled effectively/are increasing sharply. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 英语中一个名词或代词后所跟的从句要么是定语从句,要么是同位语从句.判断其根本依据是看这个名词或代词(先行词)在后边从句中是否充当句子成分,若不充当任何句子成分则是同位语从句;若充当句子成分则是定语从句.以下是几点区别方法。 1.意义的不同 同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号(同位语从句和先行词可转化为表语从句)；而定语从句是限定所修饰名词的。 We are glad at the news that he will come. We are glad at the news that he told us. 2.从引导词的省略角度来看 同位语从句的所有引导词在任何情况下都不能省略。而定语从句的引导词在有些时候可以省略。如关系代词在限制性定语从句作宾语时可以省。 The suggestion (that) she has put forward is very good. The suggestion that we clean the classroom by turns is very good. The fact (that) we talked about is important. The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody. 3.从引导词的总类来看 what, how, whether等可引导同位语从句,但不引导定语从句。 4.从引导词的功能上的不同 ①所有定语从句的引导词都是替代先行词,且必须在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分.而所有同位语从句的引导词都不替代其所修饰的名词,其中that, whether 只起引导作用,不充当任何句子成分.但疑问词引导的同位语从句要在此句中充当相应的句子成分.②疑问词引导的同位语从句表疑问,引导定语从句时不表疑问.③疑问词引导的同位语从句只是先行词具体内容的表述,并不替代其所修饰的名词。 5.被修饰词语的区别 同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限,通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等,而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛.另外,when和where 引导定语从句时,通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句,它通常只修饰名词the reason,而它引导同位语从句时则不一定。 They put forward the question where they could get the money. This is the place where the accident happened. I have no idea when they will come. I’ll never forget the days when I lived there. 基本上可以说when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词, 则when和where引导的是定语从句,否则为同位语从句。 ▲名词性从句引导词which与what的区别 要选which,需给出被选对象,若无被选对象则不能选which. what表泛指,不需给出被选对象.且what具有分身术,可分身为一个指人或指物的先行词(sb/sth)+关系代词(which/that/who/whom)所构成的定语从句. 二、常见时间标志词 从句类型 功能 常见位置 主语从句 作句子主语 句首或用 it 作形式主语 宾语从句 作动词 / 介词 / 形容词宾语 及物动词后、介词后、adj.（sure/certain 等）后 表语从句 作系动词表语 be/seem/become 等系动词后 同位语从句 解释说明名词内容 抽象名词（fact/news/idea 等）后 3、 核心连接词分类（易错点根源） 连接词类别 代表词汇 语法功能 从属连词 that/if/whether 仅起连接作用（if/whether 表 “是否”） 连接代词 what/which/who/whom/whose 连接 + 在从句中作主语 / 宾语 / 定语 连接副词 when/where/why/how/how many/how much 等 连接 + 在从句中作状语 二、4 大核心易错点精析 易错点 1：连接词选择错误 错因分析 1. 混淆 “连接词是否作成分”：缺成分时误用从属连词（that/if），无缺成分时误用连接代词 / 副词； 2. 混淆 “是否” 表达：if 与 whether 的用法边界不清； 3. 固定搭配误用：如 reason 后表语从句误用 because，instead of 后误用 that 引导宾语从句。 【易错提醒】 误：I don’t know that he will come.（想表达 “是否”，无缺成分但需表疑问） 正：I don’t know whether/if he will come. 【解析】从句无缺成分，表 “是否” 时用 whether/if；若后接 or not，只能用 whether（I don’t know whether he will come or not）。 误：She asked me that I liked English.（想表达 “是否”，动词 ask 后需疑问语气） 正：She asked me if/whether I liked English. 【解析】ask、wonder、doubt 等表 “询问 / 怀疑” 的动词后，宾语从句表 “是否” 需用 if/whether，不用 that。 误：The reason why he was late is because he missed the bus.（固定搭配错误） 正：The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus. 【解析】reason 后接表语从句时，固定用 that 引导（The reason is that...），because 不可替代（because 引导原因状语从句）。 拓展延伸：whether 的 6 种特殊用法（if 无此功能） 1. 作介词宾语：It depends on whether we have enough time.（不可用 if） 2. 引导主语从句放句首：Whether he will attend the meeting is uncertain.（不可用 if） 3. 接不定式：She hasn’t decided whether to go abroad.（不可用 if） 4. 与 or not 连用：I’m not sure whether he is right or not.（if 需改为 if...or not，不如 whether 简洁） 5. 引导表语从句：The question is whether we can finish the task.（不可用 if） 6. 引导同位语从句：There is some doubt whether they will succeed.（不可用 if） 易错点 2：宾语从句语序错误 错因分析 1. 受主句疑问语气影响，误将从句改为疑问句语序（助动词 / 情态动词提前）； 2. 连接词为 what/who/which 等作主语时，误判为语序错误。 【易错提醒】 误：Could you tell me where is the nearest bank?（从句用了疑问语序） 正：Could you tell me where the nearest bank is? 【解析】宾语从句必须用 “连接词 + 陈述句语序”，助动词 is 需放在主语 the nearest bank 后。 误：I don’t know what did he say at the meeting.（助动词 did 提前，语序错误 正：I don’t know what he said at the meeting. 【解析】从句主语是 he，谓语动词 said 需用过去式，遵循 “主语 + 谓语” 的陈述语序。 避坑技巧：语序判断三步法 1. 找到从句的连接词； 2. 识别从句的主语（连接词作主语时，连接词 = 主语）； 3. 确保 “主语在前，谓语在后”，助动词 / 情态动词不提前。 易错点 3：that 的省略与不可省略混淆 错因分析 1. 过度省略：在需保留 that 的语境中误删，导致句子歧义或语法错误； 2. 多余添加：在可省略 that 的语境中冗余使用，显得累赘。 不可省略 that 的 5 种关键情况（必记） 1. 主语从句放句首时：That she refused the offer surprised all of us.（不可省略）拓展：用 it 作形式主语时，that 可省略：It surprised all of us (that) she refused the offer. 2. 宾语从句有多个并列分句时（第二个及以后 that 需保留）：错误：He said he would come and he would bring a gift.（第二个 that 省略，易歧义）正确：He said that he would come and that he would bring a gift. 3. 表语从句中：The fact is that we have run out of time.（不可省略） 4. 同位语从句中：We heard the news that our team won the game.（不可省略） 5. 宾语从句前有插入语时：He said, to my surprise, that he had quit his job.（that 不可省略） 可省略 that 的 3 种情况 1. 宾语从句放及物动词后（常用动词：say/tell/think/believe 等）：She told me (that) she would visit me next week. 2. 用 it 作形式宾语时：I find it necessary (that) we should practice more. 3. 宾语从句较短且逻辑清晰时：He thinks (that) English is easy to learn. 易错点 4：同位语从句与定语从句混淆 错因分析：两者均位于名词后，误将解释名词 “内容” 的同位语从句当作修饰名词的定语从句，连接词误用 which/that。 核心区分技巧 特征 同位语从句 定语从句 连接词 常用 that（不可省略），无 which 可用 that/which（作成分时可省略） 从句功能 解释名词的 “具体内容”（名词与从句等价） 修饰名词的 “特征 / 范围”（限定名词） that 的作用 无词义，不作成分 有指代意义（指代先行词），作主语 / 宾语 典型例句对比 1. 同位语从句：We were excited at the news that our team won the championship. 【解析】从句 “our team won the championship” 是 news 的具体内容，that 无意义、不作成分，不可改为 which。 2. 定语从句：We were excited at the news that/which he told us yesterday. 【解析】从句 “he told us yesterday” 修饰 news（限定 “他昨天告诉我们的消息”），that/which 指代 news，作 told 的宾语，可省略。 拓展：常接同位语从句的抽象名词 fact（事实）、news（消息）、idea（想法）、promise（承诺）、doubt（怀疑）、suggestion（建议）、belief（信念）、truth（真相）等。 三、3 大避坑点技巧总结（精准突破易错点） 避坑点 1：“成分分析法” 快速选连接词（解决 80% 连接词错误） 步骤： 1. 确定从句类型（主 / 宾 / 表 / 同位语从句）； 2. 分析从句内部是否缺少成分（主语 / 宾语 / 定语 / 状语）； 3. 匹配连接词： 4. 缺主语 / 宾语 / 定语→连接代词（what/which/who 等）； 5. 缺状语（时间 / 地点 / 原因 / 方式）→连接副词（when/where/why 等）； 6. 无缺成分→从属连词（that/if/whether），表 “是否” 用 if/whether，否则用 that。 实例应用： 1. ______ he will go to Beijing depends on his parents’ decision.（主语从句，无缺成分，表 “是否”→Whether） 2. I don’t know ______ he needs.（宾语从句，缺宾语→what） 3. The problem is ______ we can get enough money.（表语从句，无缺成分，表 “是否”→whether） 避坑点 2：“语序铁律” 兜底（解决语序错误） 核心规则：所有名词性从句，无论主句是否为疑问语气，从句必须用 “连接词 + 主语 + 谓语” 的陈述语序；连接词（what/who/which 等）在从句中作主语时，看似 “疑问语序” 实则为陈述语序，无需调整。 【易错提醒】 误：Do you know when will the train arrive?（从句用疑问语序） 正：Do you know when the train will arrive?（连接词 when + 主语 the train + 谓语 will arrive） 正：Who will be our monitor hasn’t been decided yet.（who 作从句主语，语序正确） 【解析】从句主语是 he，谓语动词 said 需用过去式，遵循 “主语 + 谓语” 的陈述语序。 避坑点 3：“固定搭配 + 语境匹配” 双重验证（解决细节错误） 1. 固定搭配清单（必记）： The reason is that...（原因是……） It is a pity/shame/necessary that...（形式主语从句，that 不可省略） I doubt if/whether...（我怀疑是否……） I’m sure/certain that...（我确定……） depend on/insist on+whether（不可用 if） 2. 语境匹配原则： 表 “不确定 / 选择”→用 whether/if； 表 “具体内容 / 事实”→用 that； 表 “时间 / 地点 / 原因 / 方式”→用对应的连接副词。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、巩固提升练（基础小题） （一） 单句改错。 1.It is unknown that they will meet again.（______） 【答案】that→whether 【解析】unknown 表 “不确定”，主语从句需表 “是否”，用 whether；that 无疑问含义，不可用。 2.He asked me how could he improve his English quickly.（______） 【答案】could he→he could 【解析】宾语从句需用陈述语序，连接词 how + 主语 he + 谓语 could improve。 3.She desired we cooperate with the local team.（______） 【答案】She desired that we (should) cooperate with the local team. 【解析】desire 表 “渴望、要求”，后接宾语从句需用虚拟语气，that 不可省略，should 可省略。 4.I’m interested in that he is doing now.（______） 【答案】that→what 【解析】介词 in 后接宾语从句，从句 “he is doing” 缺宾语，用 what 指代 “他正在做的事情”；that 不作成分，不可用。 5.The fact which he lied to us made us angry.（______） 【答案】which→that 【解析】从句 “he lied to us” 是 fact 的具体内容，为同位语从句，用 that；which 不可引导同位语从句。 （二） 单项选择。 1. ______ makes the film so moving is the father’s deep love for his son. A. That B. What C. Who D. Which 【答案】B 【解析】主语从句中缺少主语，指 “使电影感人的事物”，用 what；that 无词义、不作成分，who 指人，which 表选择，均不符合。 2. We haven’t decided ______ we will go camping this weekend or not. A. if B. whether C. that D. when 【答案】B 【解析】与 or not 连用表 “是否”，只能用 whether；if 不可与 or not 直接连用。 3.The problem is ______ we can find a solution to the environmental pollution.A. that B. how C. what D. which 【答案】B 【解析】表语从句中缺少方式状语（“如何找到解决方案”），用 how；that 无缺成分时用，what 缺宾语，which 表选择，均不符合。 4.I have no idea ______ the meeting will last. Could you tell me?A. how soon B. how long C. how often D. how far 【答案】B 【解析】根据 “last”（持续）可知，询问 “会议将持续多久”，用 how long（多久，接延续性动词）；how soon（多久以后，接将来时），how often（多久一次，表频率），how far（多远，表距离），均不符合。 5. The news ______ our team won the game spread quickly in our school.A. which B. that C. what D. where 【答案】B 【解析】同位语从句，解释 news 的内容，用 that；which 不可引导同位语从句，what 缺成分，where 缺地点状语，均不符合。 一、高考真题练 1. （2024・新课标 Ⅰ 卷）______ we need most is a balanced diet and regular exercise. A. That B. What C. Which D. Whom 【答案】B 【解析】主语从句中缺少宾语，指 “我们最需要的东西”，用 what；that 不作成分，which 表选择，whom 指人，均不符合语境。 2. （2023・浙江卷）I really don’t know ______ I can do to help you out of trouble. A. what B. how C. that D. which 【答案】A 【解析】宾语从句中缺少 do 的宾语，用 what 指代 “能做的事情”；how 是副词，不能作宾语，that 无缺成分时用，which 表选择，均不符合。 3. （2022・全国乙卷）The question is ______ we can finish the task before the deadline. A. if B. whether C. that D. when 【答案】B 【解析】表语从句中表 “是否”，用 whether；if 不能引导表语从句，that 无疑问含义，when 表时间，均不符合。 4. （2021・全国甲卷）It is often said that ______ we learn from mistakes is more important than the mistakes themselves. A. that B. what C. how D. which 【答案】B 【解析】主语从句中缺少 learn 的宾语，指 “从错误中学到的东西”，用 what；that 不作成分，how 表方式，which 表选择，均不符合。 5. （2020・新课标 Ⅱ 卷）His plan is ______ he will build a new school for the children in the village. A. that B. what C. how D. why 【答案】A 【解析】表语从句中无缺成分，陈述 plan 的具体内容，用 that；what 缺成分，how 表方式，why 表原因，均不符合。 一. 句型转换（将简单句改为名词性从句 ）. 1.He will come to the party. We are not sure.（合并为主语从句） 【答案】Whether he will come to the party is not sure. 【解析】用 whether 引导主语从句，表 “是否”，放句首。 2.What did she say? It surprised everyone.（合并为主语从句） 【答案】What she said surprised everyone. 【解析】用 what 引导主语从句，作 said 的宾语，从句用陈述语序。 3.We should protect wild animals. It is our duty.（合并为形式主语从句） 【答案】It is our duty that we should protect wild animals. 【解析】用 it 作形式主语，that 引导真正的主语从句，避免句子头重脚轻。 2、 语法填空。 （一） （23-24高二上·浙江湖州·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 There are currently over 3, 000 endangered languages in the world on the edge of extinction. And languages and dialects are dying at 1 alarming rate. According to National Geographic, one language disappears from the earth every 14 days, and few leave any recognizable marks. The least spoken languages in the world tend to be spoken only by a few elders of small 2 (community). Learning a dying language rarely appeals to people 3 try to secure their place in a global economy, so younger generations aren’t typically learning these languages 4 their parents or grandparents. Most of these endangered languages also lack a writing system, 5 (make) their preservation an even bigger challenge. In this landscape of amazing loss, institutions and projects are trying to save 6 is left. The Endangered Languages Documentation Programme 7 (found) in 2002 with the aim of preserving languages threatened by extinction. It not only funds individual projects 8 (develop) by scholars, but also provides training in London and around the world 9 (help) prepare the methods required for research work. The purpose of documenting languages must not 10 (simple) be to pin(钉) them to the wall like butterflies. 【答案】 1．an 2．communities 3．who/that 4．from 5．making 6．what 7．was founded 8．developed 9．to help 10．simply 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了很多语言和方言正在濒临灭绝，所以濒危语言文献项目成立于2002年，旨在保护濒临灭绝的语言。 1．考查冠词。句意：语言和方言正在以惊人的速度消亡。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：at a rate意为“以……的速度”，空后是alarming，为原因音素开头，所以应该用an。故填an。 2．考查名词。句意：世界上说得最少的语言往往只被少数小社区的长者说。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词small，所以空处应填名词，community意为“社区”，为可数名词，根据空前的a few可知，应该用复数形式。故填communities。 3．考查定语从句关系词。句意：对于那些试图在全球经济中立足的人来说，学习一门即将消亡的语言很少有吸引力，所以年轻一代通常不会从父母或祖父母那里学习这些语言。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，从句缺少主语，应该用关系代词，先行词为people，指人，所以应该用who或者that引导。故填who或者that。 4．考查介词。句意：对于那些试图在全球经济中立足的人来说，学习一门即将消亡的语言很少有吸引力，所以年轻一代通常不会从父母或祖父母那里学习这些语言。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：learn sth. from sb.意为“向某人学某事”。故填from。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些濒临灭绝的语言大多也缺乏书写系统，这使得保存它们成为更大的挑战。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词lack，所以make应该用非谓语动词形式，其中“使得保存它们成为更大的挑战”，表示正在进行的动作，所以此处应该用现在分词作结果状语。故填making。 6．考查宾语从句连接词。句意：在这种损失惊人的情况下，机构和项目正试图拯救剩下的东西。分析句子机构可知，空处引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以应该用连接代词引导，根据句意，此处指物，应该用what引导。故填what。 7．考查动词时态和语态。句意：濒危语言文献项目成立于2002年，旨在保护濒临灭绝的语言。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以found作谓语，主语是The Endangered Languages Documentation Programme ，为第三人称单数，同时两者间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态，再根据时间状语in 2002，可知应该用一般过去时。故填was founded。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：它不仅资助学者开发的个别项目，而且在伦敦和世界各地提供培训，帮助准备研究工作所需的方法。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词funds，所以develop应该用非谓语形式，根据空后的by表“被”之意，所以应该用过去分词表被动。故填developed。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：它不仅资助学者开发的个别项目，而且在伦敦和世界各地提供培训，帮助准备研究工作所需的方法。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词 provides，所以help应该用非谓语形式，此处应该用不定式，作目的状语。故填to help。 10．考查副词。句意：记录语言的目的一定不是简单地把它们像蝴蝶一样钉在墙上。分析句子结构可知，空后是动词be，所以空处应填副词修饰动词，simple的副词形式是simply。 （二） （23-24高二上·甘肃甘南·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It is a special cross-country race. The competitors’ vehicles are made 11 fruits and vegetables like carrots, eggplants, grapefruits, pumpkins and oranges. They are the creations of pupils from the Shanghai World Foreign Language Primary School. According to Chen You, the science class teacher, 12 (base) knowledge had been taught within 1 classes to students before they drew sketches and 13 (choose) vegetables to make a food car. Although students were encouraged 14 (design) their cars together with parents, all the cars should be made in the class. After 15 (bring) piles of ingredients as well as tools the children began their innovation. Some cut the carrot slices to make them round, and some others assembled (组装) their car components together. In addition to the 16 (compete), students are required to reflect on the 17 (difficulty) they encountered making their vehicles, and 18 things they have learned from the activity and the improvements they think the course can make. 19 touched the teachers most was the unity and friendship among the children. For example, although the contest was fierce (激烈的), students felt 20 (excite) for the champion car as if they themselves had stood out, and when a girl’s car fell apart their friends comforted her and helped reassemble the car. 【答案】 11．of 12．basic 13．chose 14．to design 15．bringing 16．competition 17．difficulties 18．the 19．What 20．excited 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是小学生举行的一次特殊的越野赛。参赛者的车辆由水果和蔬菜制成，如胡萝卜、茄子、葡萄柚、南瓜和橙子。 11．考查介词。句意：参赛者的车辆由水果和蔬菜制成，如胡萝卜、茄子、葡萄柚、南瓜和橙子。固定搭配：be made of“由……组成”。故填of。 12．考查形容词作定语。句意：据科学班老师陈友介绍，在1节课的时间里，学生们先学习了基础知识，然后再画草图，选择蔬菜制作美食车。此处knowledge是名词，由形容词修饰，base的形容词是basic。故填basic。 13．考查一般过去时。句意：据科学班老师陈友介绍，在1节课的时间里，学生们先学习了基础知识，然后再画草图，选择蔬菜制作美食车。before引导的时间状语从句中动词choose与drew构成并列谓语。故填chose。 14．考查动词不定式。句意：虽然鼓励学生和家长一起设计自己的汽车，但所有的汽车都应该在课堂上制造。固定搭配：encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”，其中动词不定式作宾语补足语，但该句是被动语态，句中动词不定式作主语补足语。故填to design。 15．考查动名词作宾语。句意：孩子们带来了成堆的食材和工具后，开始了他们的创新。句中after是介词，后面用动名词作宾语。故填bringing。 16．考查名词。句意：除了比赛之外，学生们还需要反思他们在制造车辆时遇到的困难，以及他们从活动中学到的东西，以及他们认为课程可以带来的改进。根据空前的the可知，此处用名词作宾语，所给词compete是动词，其名词是competition，此处表示这次比赛，用单数。故填competition。 17．考查名词复数。句意：除了比赛之外，学生们还需要反思他们在制造车辆时遇到的困难，以及他们从活动中学到的东西，以及他们认为课程可以带来的改进。此处用名词复数作宾语。故答案为difficulties。 18．考查并列连词。句意：除了比赛之外，学生们还需要反思他们在制造车辆时遇到的困难，他们从活动中学到的东西，以及他们认为课程可以带来的改进。分析句子可知，此处特指“在活动中学到的东西”，用定冠词修饰。故填the。 19．考查主语从句。句意：最让老师们感动的是孩子们之间的团结和友谊。该句主语是主语从句，主语从句缺少引导词，从句的谓语动词缺少主语，所填词要其双重作用，这里是连接代词what引导的主语从句，位于句首用大写。故填What。 20．考查情感形容词。句意：例如，虽然比赛很激烈，但学生们对冠军车感到很兴奋，就像他们自己脱颖而出一样。此处指“学生感到兴奋”，所以用动词excite的情感形容词excited。故填excited。 （三） （23-24高二上·广东广州·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Cultural Landscape of Old Tea Forests of the Jingmai Mountain in Pu’er gained World Heritage Site status on the 45th Session of the World Heritage Committee of UNESCO on Sunday, becoming China’s 57th entry on that list. 21 is also the first World Heritage Site with 22 theme of tea. The landscape 23 (create) by ancestors of Blang people who immigrated to Jingmai Mountain in the 10th century AD and discovered wild tea trees, as well as by the ancestors of Dai people. 24 the basis of longstanding practices, local people developed an under-story growing technique 25   (eventual) . That is to create ideal light conditions for the growing of tea trees to produce quality organic tea leaves without the 26 (apply) of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. China will strengthen 27 (effort) to better supervise the heritage site, face climate change, guide local communities 28 (join) in protection and regulate tourism to ensure lastingly inherited outstanding universal values of the old tea forests. On Jingmai Mountain, communities also maintain ancient governance systems to protect the site, including traditional festivals and ceremonies 29 (relate) to Tea Ancestor, a belief 30 spirits live in the forest as well as among local fauna and flora. Tea leaves contribute to over 90 percent of the income for those communities. 【答案】 21．It 22．the 23．was created 24．On 25．eventually 26．application 27．efforts 28． to join 29．related 30．that 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了中国的普洱景迈山古茶林文化景观被列入世界遗产名录，它是中国第57个入选该名录的项目，还介绍了该文化景观的特色和价值。 21．考查代词。句意：它也是第一个以茶为主题的世界遗产。分析句子可知，此空应填it作主语，指代上文The Cultural Landscape of Old Tea Forests of the Jingmai Mountain in Pu’er ，且句首时首字母应大写。故填It。 22．考查冠词。句意：它也是第一个以茶为主题的世界遗产。分析句子可知，这里考查the theme of表“……的主题”，为固定搭配。故填the。 23．考查时态语态。句意：这里的景观是由公元10世纪移民到景迈山的布朗人的祖先以及傣族的祖先创造的，他们发现了野生茶树。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语动词，The landscape与create为被动关系，且这里时态应与后面保持一致，用一般过去时。故填was created。 24．考查介词。句意：在长期实践的基础上，当地人最终发展出了一种下层林木生长的技术。分析句子可知，这里考查on the basis of表“基于”，为固定搭配，且句首时首字母应大写。故填On。 25．考查副词。句意：在长期实践的基础上，当地人最终发展出了一种下层林木生长的技术。分析句子可知，此空应填副词作状语，修饰前面动词。故填eventually。 26．考查名词。句意：即为茶树的生长创造理想的光照条件，在不使用杀虫剂和化肥的情况下生产出优质的有机茶叶。分析句子可知，这里应填名词作介词后宾语，application表“运用”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填application。 27．考查名词复数。句意：中国将加强对遗产地的监管，应对气候变化，引导当地社区参与保护，规范旅游业，确保老茶林突出的普遍价值得到持久传承。分析句子可知，effort表“努力”，为可数名词，而这里应用名词复数作宾语。故填efforts。 28．考查非谓语。句意：中国将加强对遗产地的监管，应对气候变化，引导当地社区参与保护，规范旅游业，确保老茶林突出的普遍价值得到持久传承。分析句子可知，此空应填不定式作宾补。故填to join。 29．考查非谓语。句意：在景迈山上，社区还维护着古老的治理体系来保护遗址，包括与茶祖有关的传统节日和仪式，茶祖是一种相信灵魂生活在森林中以及当地动植物中的信仰。be related to与……有关，此处用过去分词作后置定语。故填related。 30．考查同位语从句。句意：在景迈山上，社区还维护着古老的治理体系来保护遗址，包括与茶祖有关的传统节日和仪式，茶祖是一种相信灵魂生活在森林中以及当地动植物中的信仰。分析句子可知，这里考查同位语从句，而后面为完整句子，所以应用that引导该同位语从句。故填that。 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业11 名词性从句（4大易错点+3大避坑点+易错通关练+高考真题+热点话题练习）（易错培优练） 一、核心定义 （一）名词性从句的 4 种类型及本质 本质：在句中充当名词的作用（作主语、宾语、表语、同位语），从句需用陈述语序，连接词决定从句逻辑。 （二）分类讲解 主语从句，在句子中作主语的句子叫主语从句。 1.由从属连词that, whether引导的主语从句： ▲that引导主语从句放在句首时,that不可省。 That light travels in straight line is known to all. (that不能省) That he will succeed is certain. (that不能省) That he is still alive is a wonder. (that不能省) That the baby could speak made his parents very happy. (that不能省) That she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence. (that不能省) ▲whether引导的主语从句一般位于句首。也可用it作形式主语,将其后置,此时whether可换为if。 (if引导主语从句时,只能用it作形式主语,放在句首,而将if引导的主语从句放到句末。) Whether she will come or not is still a question. Whether the old couple enjoy the trip remains to be proved. Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. It was a problem whether they would support us. It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good. It is uncertain if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 2.由关系代词who/whoever; whom/whomever(少); what/whatever; which/whichever; whose 引导的主语从句。 Who will win the scholarship is unknown. Who will be sent abroad to further his studies is not announced. Who murdered the present is being investigated. Whoever comes is welcome. Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights Whoever breaks the rule must be punished Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine. Whoever wants to see this film can go with us tonight. Whoever helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. Who/whom he will work with is still a secret. Whom we must study for is a question of great importance. Whoever you fell in love with has nothing to do with me. whoever既用作主格也用作宾语(作宾语时不宜用whomever，因为在现代英语中whomever已几乎不用)。 What you have done might do harm to other people. What must be done has been done. What you said just now hurt her feelings. What impressed me most was his great responsibility for his work. What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality． What surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well. Whatever the parents do is for their children. Whatever you say is of no use now. Whatever was said here must be kept secret. Which school will win the prize is not known. I read it in some book or other, does it matter which it was? Whichever you take will be yours. Whichever book you choose doesn’t matter to me. Whichever of us gets home first starts cooking. Whose relatives lost their life in the shocking earthquake hasn’t been announced. 3.由关系副词when; where; why; how引导的主语从句。 When the plane is to take off hasn’t been announced. Where the heroine went is not mentioned at the end of the story. Where the English evening will be held is still under discussion. Why he often comes here is known to us all. Why he didn't come here is not clear to anyone. Why the sun in the morning looks bigger than the sun at noon is very interesting. How he was successful is still a puzzle. How he managed to finish the composition in such a short time is still a mystery. How and why Einstein had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, and sadness. How much water is flowing can be measured easily. 水的流量是多少…… 主语从句的主谓一致问题 ①单个主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数；两个或两个以上主语从句并列作主语时，若表同一概念 / 事件，谓语用单数；若表不同概念，谓语用复数。 （同一概念）：When and where the meeting will be held is not decided.（会议的时间和地点未确定，表同一事件） （不同概念）：When the project starts and who will lead it have been discussed.（项目何时启动、谁来领导，是两个不同问题） ②what引导的主语从句,谓语动词可由表语来决定。 What we need are women workers. What we need is more time and money. 主语从句中的虚拟语气:其中在it’s natural/important/ necessary/strange that…结构中,主语从句常用should +do的虚拟语气(美语中省去should). It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time. It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand the rule of school. It is natural that she should do so. It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible. ▲It + be +名词+ that-从句 It’s a pity/a shame/an honor/a fact/a surprise/a question/good news/no wonder/ common knowledge/high time that… It is a pity that you didn’t attend the lecture yesterday. It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. It’s no wonder that you’ve achieved so much progress. 主语从句中的虚拟语气:其中在此结构中若为surprise, a pity, a shame, no wonder等表示惊奇、惋惜的名词时,主语从句常用should +do的虚拟语气(美语中省去should)。若为advice, desire, demand, order, proposal, recommendation, requirement, suggestion等表示建议、请求、要求、命令等名词时,须用should +do的虚拟语气(美语中省去should)。 It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad. It’s a pity that I (should) miss the lecture. ▲It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句 It’s said/reported/believed/thought/announced/decided/known to all /must be pointed out/must be admitted that… It is reported that the number of wild animals in Africa is decreasing. It’s announced that the hostages have been released. It’s decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday. It’s known to us how he became a writer. 其中在此结构中若为request, demand, require, beg, propose, suggest, recommend, advise, order, command, urge, desire 等表示建议、请求、要求、命令等的动词,则主语从句中须用should +do的虚拟语气(美语中省去should)。 It is required that nobody (should) smoke here. It is desired that we（should）get everything ready this evening. It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week. ▲It +不及物动词+ that-分句 It seems/appears/happens (to sb)/occurred to sb/turned out/doesn’t matter /make no difference that… It seems to me that you object the plan. It happened to me that I had been out when he called. It occurred to me that I forgot to shut the windows. It doesn’t matter whether he likes or not. It makes no difference that you will go today or tomorrow. 常将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。 It doesn't seem that they know where to go. It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. ▲如果句子是疑问句，则必须用带形式主语it的结构： Is it true that he is the girl’s father? How is it that you are late again? ▲what引导的主语从句,通常直接将主语从句放在句首,一般不用it作形式主语。 What make the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water. 有时也可用it形式主语It is clear enough what he meant. ▲seem的五种用法 ①.sb seems (to be)+adj./n./prep. She seems (to be) quite happy. He seems (to be) an honest man. He seems (to be) in trouble. You don’t seem to be quite yourself today. ②.sb seems to do She seems to know the secret. He seems to be sleeping then. I seem to have seen him somewhere before. ③.it seems that… It seems that she is quite happy. It seems that he was sleeping then. It seems that I have seen him. It seems to be years since I last saw you. ④.sb/sth seems as if …. It seems as if it is going to rain. He seems as if he has known the news. ⑤.there seem(s) to be … There seems to be a small pine on the top of the hill. There seems to be no need to go now. 宾语从句，在句子中作宾语的句子叫宾语从句。及物动词(vt.),介词(prep),少量形容词之后跟宾语从句。 1.由从属连词that, whether, if引导的宾语从句： I know that he is friendly and hospitable.(好客的) they told us once again that the situation was serious . The doctor insists that I give up smoking. The seller demanded that payment should be made within five days. I wish（that）she would understand me. We learnt from his letter that he was studying abroad. Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in. I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out. I wonder whether (if) daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside. I don’t know whether/if he cares about me. I’ll see whether/if I can persuade him to accept the invitation. Realizing that it was just a difference in custom, the foreigner smiled and said nothing. On being asked whether he had had a good time in Australia, he answered “Terrible ”. 宾语从句中If不能替代whether的七种情况 在引导宾语从句时,whether与if通常可以互换.if多用于口语和非正式文体中,whether则多用于比较正式的文体中. if 引导主语从句时，通常用 it 作形式主语（如 It is uncertain if he will come）；但正式文体中，主语从句放句首时，只能用 whether，不能用 if。 She asked me if／whether I could help her with her English． I don't know if／whether they can promote understanding in such a short time. ①引导位于句首的主语从句、表语从句以及同位语从句时,只能用whether. Whether they win or lost is all the same to me. whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen. The question is whether they can cooperate with us. We are discussing the problem whether we have enough funds to carry out the project. ②直接与or not连用时,只能用whether I wonder whether or not they will come to help us. She doesn’t care a bit whether I’m absent or not. ③位于在介词后面,作介词宾语时,只能用whether I'm thinking of whether we should present a gift to the poor girl. I'm not interested in whether she'll come or not． The teacher worried about whether he had hurt the girl’s feelings. It all depends on whether it will clear up. ④在带to的动词不定式前,只能用whether She hasn't decided whether to go or not．  He doesn't know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home． ⑤.在动词discuss, decide等动词引起的宾语从句中,只能用whether. They discussed whether they should close the shop. The old lady has not decided whether she will live with her daughter in the countryside. ⑥宾语从句提前时,只能用whether Whether this is true or not，I can't say. Whether we can really help you, I don’t know yet. ⑦在有些句子中,用if引导宾语从句可能会产生歧义.因此若表示选择含义,最好用whether Let me know whether you are coming. You should tell your mother whether you want to go with her for a holiday. 宾语从句中whether不能替代if的两种情况. ①引导条件状语从句或宾语从句中表条件时 We'll go hiking if it doesn't rain tomorrow． My father promised me that if I passed the final exam, he would show me around some scenic spots in the city. ②引导否定概念的宾语从句时一般用if. He asked me if I hadn't finished my homework 宾语从句中that不能省的十种情况. ①当一个谓语动词带两个或两个以上的that引导的宾语从句时,第一个可以省后几个不能省略. He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it. ②that宾语从句的状语部分位于从句前部时 I promised that if anyone could set me free, I would make him king over the earth. ③宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时 The old lady then explained that what she was looking for was a pair of gloves for a girl. ④在介词后 He has no special fault except that he smokes too much. ⑤有间接宾语时 He told me that he was leaving for Japan. ⑥在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时 I think it necessary that he should stay here. ⑦宾语从句与动词被其他词,插入语或从句隔开时 They told us once again that the situation was serious. We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. When he got to England, he found, however, that his English was too limited. ⑧that从句单独回答问题时。 —What did he hear? —That Kate had passed the exam. ⑨位于句首时 That our team will win, I believe. ⑩在except, but, in等介词后.其它一些介词的宾语从句如由连词that引导,则需用it先行一步,作形式宾语. He has no special fault except that he smokes too much. See to it that children don’t catch cold. The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more. 所得税过高是有害的，因为它可能使人不愿意多赚钱. doubt(vt./n.)的用法 1.用于肯定句,与whether连用. ①I doubt whether he is loyal to his country. (vt.宾语从句,可换为if) ②I have some doubt whether he is loyal to his country. (n.同位语从句) I have some doubt about his loyalty to his country. (n.) 2. doubt（动词 / 名词）用于肯定句时，表不确定，后接 whether/if；若与 that 连用，表不相信（语气强烈，需明确语境）；否定句 / 疑问句中，doubt 后接 that 肯定句（不确定）：I doubt whether he will come. 肯定句（不相信）：I doubt that he told the truth.（=I don’t believe he told the truth.） 否定句：I don’t doubt that he will come. 2.由关系代词who, whom, which what, whose, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever等引导的宾语从句 I wonder who takes charge of it. She will give whoever needs help a warm support Do you know whom they are waiting for? Tell me which one you like best. He can't tell which method they will use for the experiment. Do you know which film they are talking about? You can take whichever you like. Take whichever seat you like. Have you determined whichever you should buy, a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do We’ll do whatever we can to save him. The bosses wants to know whose fault this is. 3. 由关系副词when, where, why, how等引导的宾语从句 I’d like to know when they will let him out. I wonder why she refused my invitation Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip? I asked how he was getting on with his studies. 4.某些形容词后的宾语从句 常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure, certain, glad, pleased ,happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised等。 I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. He is glad that his girl friend went to see him when he was ill. I am sure that you will make greater progress in English through hard work. We are surprised that he has left without saying goodbye to us. 5.介词后的宾语从句 We’re worried about whether he is safe. It depends on whether he is coming or not Please keep me informed of how everything is going. I always think of how I can improve my spoken English. The teacher is satisfied with what she has said. We should pay attention to what the teacher is saying. Peter lives in what used to be a wasteland. He wishes to make friends with whoever shares his hobbies and interest. ▲注意:except, but, in三个介词后可用that引导的宾语从句 I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work in a big company. 6.动词+间接宾语+宾语从句 动词如:advise, ask, inform, promise, question, remind, show, teach, tell, warn等,宾语从句前可以有一个间接宾语,这个宾语有时可以省略,有的不能省略. He asked me whether I was a teacher. I told him that because of the last condition, I’d have to turn it down. He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal. He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but lots of others. 7.宾语从句时态呼应原则 当主句谓语动词是现在的某种时态时,宾语从句根据情况选用任意时态, 当主句谓语动词是过去的某种时态时,从句中谓语动词也要用过去范畴的时态,但若从句陈述的是真理或客观规律,不论主句是什么时态,其谓语的时态仍用一般现在时. He asked who could answer the question 4on Page 5. She said that she had finished her homework already. My father told me that the earth goes around the sun. 8.宾语从句的虚拟语气 ①.wish引起的宾语从句. A) 对现在或将来虚拟用一般过去时 I wish I were you. I wish I spoke English fluently. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese. B) 对将来虚拟也可用would、could、might（should少）＋do.(时间上较后)(请注意：主 句和从句的主语往往不相同).wish表示对将来事情的主观愿望. I wish it would stop raining. I wish you would be quiet. I wish he might stay with me. I wish I could fly. I wish she would change her mind. He will wish we would join him the following week. C) 对过去的虚拟用过去完成时,偶尔也可用would、could、might＋have done. I wish I hadn't wasted so much time. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.  I wish you had called earlier. I wish I had taken your advice. I wish I could have slept longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to school. ②在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中用(should)＋do， desire, request, demand, require, beg ,propose, suggest, recommend, advise, order, command, urge , insist . The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight. She desired we cooperate with the corporation. I prefer you choose the blue one. The students urged the library be open to the public as soon as possible. He proposed that we should go for a walk. He insisted that we tell him the news.  ▲suggest ①作“建议”意时用should＋do，should常省略。②作“暗示、表明”意时宾语从句用陈述语气。 I suggest we start out/off at once. Your expressions suggested you were angry. What you said suggested you had finished it. The research suggested that the figure was true. ▲insist ①表示坚持做/干一件事用should＋do，should常省略 ②表示坚持说明一件事实宾语从句用陈述语气。 He insists that he is right./I insisted that you were wrong. He insisted he was really very tired and that he should be allowed to have a rest. The scientists insisted that silkworms fist were raised by a lady in what is Hu Bei province now. The police insisted that everybody obey rules and regulations. 表语从句，在句子中作表语的句子叫表语从句. 即位于be动词和系动词之后的从句.表语从句主要解释说明或阐述主句主语的具体内容,表意与同位语从句相当. 1.由从属连词that, whether引导的表语从句 The problem is that millions of people die of illnesses caused by smoking. The reason for his absence was that he was ill in hospital. My idea is that we should start making preparations right now. The question is whether they will be able to help us out. The question is whether it is worth doing. 2.由关系代词who, whom, which what, whose等引导的表语从句 You are not who/whom I thought you were. The problem is who we can get to replace her. What I want to know is which road we should take. Mary is no longer what she used to be. 3.由关系副词when, where, why, how等引导的表语从句 My question is when we set off. That’s where you are wrong. This is where our problem lies. That’s why I object to the plan. The difficulty is how we can help smokers kick their habit. 4.表语从句的特殊引导词because, why, as if/though及句型the reason why/for…is that… It is because I love you too much. That’s because you can’t appreciate music. If I’m a bit sleepy, it’s because I was up all night. I failed the exam. That’s because I’m too careless. I’m too careless. That is why I failed the exam. That’s why he didn’t come. It looks as if it is going to rain. It was as though she had known Millie for years. The reason why he was dismissed is that he didn’t work hard. The reason (why) I was late was that I missed the bus by one minute this morning. 5.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词,其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用should＋动词原形的虚拟语气，should常省略。这类名词常见的有。demand，desire，requirement，advice, recommendation, suggestion, order, necessity, preference, proposal, plan, idea等。 My advice is that we join hands to fight against the enemy. My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by everyone． We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off. 同位语从句，用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句.它一般跟在抽象名词fact，idea，news，word, rumor, hope，belief，thought，truth，theory, doubt，suggestion，proposal, possibility, warning, instruction，reason，information, message, story, question, order, demand, wish, doubt, statement等之后，对这些名词的具体内容进行说明或解释.引导同位语从句的词除连词that，whether外，还有关系代词what, which, who, 以及关系副词how，when，where，why等。 1.由从属连词that，whether引导的同位语从句 The fact that we lack enough funds needs to be considered. The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. There is no doubt that the prices of cars will come down. Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. Word came that our team won. The rumor spread that a new school would be built here. They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. He gave us many suggestions that we should get up earlier and take more exercise The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.(这个建议是由主席提出的) 2.由关系代词引导的同位语从句 The question who should be the first has not been settled. I have no idea what should be done next. This is a question who the book belongs to. 3.由关系副词when, where, why, how引导的同位语从句 I have no idea when he will be back. They’re still discussing the matter when we’ll hold the sports meeting. He can’t answer the question how he got the money. They usually write exact instructions how the music is to be played. Many people are considering the question why the prices of houses can’t be controlled effectively/are increasing sharply. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 英语中一个名词或代词后所跟的从句要么是定语从句,要么是同位语从句.判断其根本依据是看这个名词或代词(先行词)在后边从句中是否充当句子成分,若不充当任何句子成分则是同位语从句;若充当句子成分则是定语从句.以下是几点区别方法。 1.意义的不同 同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号(同位语从句和先行词可转化为表语从句)；而定语从句是限定所修饰名词的。 We are glad at the news that he will come. We are glad at the news that he told us. 2.从引导词的省略角度来看 同位语从句的所有引导词在任何情况下都不能省略。而定语从句的引导词在有些时候可以省略。如关系代词在限制性定语从句作宾语时可以省。 The suggestion (that) she has put forward is very good. The suggestion that we clean the classroom by turns is very good. The fact (that) we talked about is important. The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody. 3.从引导词的总类来看 what, how, whether等可引导同位语从句,但不引导定语从句。 4.从引导词的功能上的不同 ①所有定语从句的引导词都是替代先行词,且必须在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分.而所有同位语从句的引导词都不替代其所修饰的名词,其中that, whether 只起引导作用,不充当任何句子成分.但疑问词引导的同位语从句要在此句中充当相应的句子成分.②疑问词引导的同位语从句表疑问,引导定语从句时不表疑问.③疑问词引导的同位语从句只是先行词具体内容的表述,并不替代其所修饰的名词。 5.被修饰词语的区别 同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限,通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等,而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛.另外,when和where 引导定语从句时,通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句,它通常只修饰名词the reason,而它引导同位语从句时则不一定。 They put forward the question where they could get the money. This is the place where the accident happened. I have no idea when they will come. I’ll never forget the days when I lived there. 基本上可以说when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词, 则when和where引导的是定语从句,否则为同位语从句。 ▲名词性从句引导词which与what的区别 要选which,需给出被选对象,若无被选对象则不能选which. what表泛指,不需给出被选对象.且what具有分身术,可分身为一个指人或指物的先行词(sb/sth)+关系代词(which/that/who/whom)所构成的定语从句. 二、常见时间标志词 从句类型 功能 常见位置 主语从句 作句子主语 句首或用 it 作形式主语 宾语从句 作动词 / 介词 / 形容词宾语 及物动词后、介词后、adj.（sure/certain 等）后 表语从句 作系动词表语 be/seem/become 等系动词后 同位语从句 解释说明名词内容 抽象名词（fact/news/idea 等）后 3、 核心连接词分类（易错点根源） 连接词类别 代表词汇 语法功能 从属连词 that/if/whether 仅起连接作用（if/whether 表 “是否”） 连接代词 what/which/who/whom/whose 连接 + 在从句中作主语 / 宾语 / 定语 连接副词 when/where/why/how/how many/how much 等 连接 + 在从句中作状语 二、4 大核心易错点精析 易错点 1：连接词选择错误 错因分析 1. 混淆 “连接词是否作成分”：缺成分时误用从属连词（that/if），无缺成分时误用连接代词 / 副词； 2. 混淆 “是否” 表达：if 与 whether 的用法边界不清； 3. 固定搭配误用：如 reason 后表语从句误用 because，instead of 后误用 that 引导宾语从句。 【易错提醒】 误：I don’t know that he will come.（想表达 “是否”，无缺成分但需表疑问） 正：I don’t know whether/if he will come. 【解析】从句无缺成分，表 “是否” 时用 whether/if；若后接 or not，只能用 whether（I don’t know whether he will come or not）。 误：She asked me that I liked English.（想表达 “是否”，动词 ask 后需疑问语气） 正：She asked me if/whether I liked English. 【解析】ask、wonder、doubt 等表 “询问 / 怀疑” 的动词后，宾语从句表 “是否” 需用 if/whether，不用 that。 误：The reason why he was late is because he missed the bus.（固定搭配错误） 正：The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus. 【解析】reason 后接表语从句时，固定用 that 引导（The reason is that...），because 不可替代（because 引导原因状语从句）。 拓展延伸：whether 的 6 种特殊用法（if 无此功能） 1. 作介词宾语：It depends on whether we have enough time.（不可用 if） 2. 引导主语从句放句首：Whether he will attend the meeting is uncertain.（不可用 if） 3. 接不定式：She hasn’t decided whether to go abroad.（不可用 if） 4. 与 or not 连用：I’m not sure whether he is right or not.（if 需改为 if...or not，不如 whether 简洁） 5. 引导表语从句：The question is whether we can finish the task.（不可用 if） 6. 引导同位语从句：There is some doubt whether they will succeed.（不可用 if） 易错点 2：宾语从句语序错误 错因分析 1. 受主句疑问语气影响，误将从句改为疑问句语序（助动词 / 情态动词提前）； 2. 连接词为 what/who/which 等作主语时，误判为语序错误。 【易错提醒】 误：Could you tell me where is the nearest bank?（从句用了疑问语序） 正：Could you tell me where the nearest bank is? 【解析】宾语从句必须用 “连接词 + 陈述句语序”，助动词 is 需放在主语 the nearest bank 后。 误：I don’t know what did he say at the meeting.（助动词 did 提前，语序错误 正：I don’t know what he said at the meeting. 【解析】从句主语是 he，谓语动词 said 需用过去式，遵循 “主语 + 谓语” 的陈述语序。 避坑技巧：语序判断三步法 1. 找到从句的连接词； 2. 识别从句的主语（连接词作主语时，连接词 = 主语）； 3. 确保 “主语在前，谓语在后”，助动词 / 情态动词不提前。 易错点 3：that 的省略与不可省略混淆 错因分析 1. 过度省略：在需保留 that 的语境中误删，导致句子歧义或语法错误； 2. 多余添加：在可省略 that 的语境中冗余使用，显得累赘。 不可省略 that 的 5 种关键情况（必记） 1. 主语从句放句首时：That she refused the offer surprised all of us.（不可省略）拓展：用 it 作形式主语时，that 可省略：It surprised all of us (that) she refused the offer. 2. 宾语从句有多个并列分句时（第二个及以后 that 需保留）：错误：He said he would come and he would bring a gift.（第二个 that 省略，易歧义）正确：He said that he would come and that he would bring a gift. 3. 表语从句中：The fact is that we have run out of time.（不可省略） 4. 同位语从句中：We heard the news that our team won the game.（不可省略） 5. 宾语从句前有插入语时：He said, to my surprise, that he had quit his job.（that 不可省略） 可省略 that 的 3 种情况 1. 宾语从句放及物动词后（常用动词：say/tell/think/believe 等）：She told me (that) she would visit me next week. 2. 用 it 作形式宾语时：I find it necessary (that) we should practice more. 3. 宾语从句较短且逻辑清晰时：He thinks (that) English is easy to learn. 易错点 4：同位语从句与定语从句混淆 错因分析：两者均位于名词后，误将解释名词 “内容” 的同位语从句当作修饰名词的定语从句，连接词误用 which/that。 核心区分技巧 特征 同位语从句 定语从句 连接词 常用 that（不可省略），无 which 可用 that/which（作成分时可省略） 从句功能 解释名词的 “具体内容”（名词与从句等价） 修饰名词的 “特征 / 范围”（限定名词） that 的作用 无词义，不作成分 有指代意义（指代先行词），作主语 / 宾语 典型例句对比 1. 同位语从句：We were excited at the news that our team won the championship. 【解析】从句 “our team won the championship” 是 news 的具体内容，that 无意义、不作成分，不可改为 which。 2. 定语从句：We were excited at the news that/which he told us yesterday. 【解析】从句 “he told us yesterday” 修饰 news（限定 “他昨天告诉我们的消息”），that/which 指代 news，作 told 的宾语，可省略。 拓展：常接同位语从句的抽象名词 fact（事实）、news（消息）、idea（想法）、promise（承诺）、doubt（怀疑）、suggestion（建议）、belief（信念）、truth（真相）等。 三、3 大避坑点技巧总结（精准突破易错点） 避坑点 1：“成分分析法” 快速选连接词（解决 80% 连接词错误） 步骤： 1. 确定从句类型（主 / 宾 / 表 / 同位语从句）； 2. 分析从句内部是否缺少成分（主语 / 宾语 / 定语 / 状语）； 3. 匹配连接词： 4. 缺主语 / 宾语 / 定语→连接代词（what/which/who 等）； 5. 缺状语（时间 / 地点 / 原因 / 方式）→连接副词（when/where/why 等）； 6. 无缺成分→从属连词（that/if/whether），表 “是否” 用 if/whether，否则用 that。 实例应用： 1. ______ he will go to Beijing depends on his parents’ decision.（主语从句，无缺成分，表 “是否”→Whether） 2. I don’t know ______ he needs.（宾语从句，缺宾语→what） 3. The problem is ______ we can get enough money.（表语从句，无缺成分，表 “是否”→whether） 避坑点 2：“语序铁律” 兜底（解决语序错误） 核心规则：所有名词性从句，无论主句是否为疑问语气，从句必须用 “连接词 + 主语 + 谓语” 的陈述语序；连接词（what/who/which 等）在从句中作主语时，看似 “疑问语序” 实则为陈述语序，无需调整。 【易错提醒】 误：Do you know when will the train arrive?（从句用疑问语序） 正：Do you know when the train will arrive?（连接词 when + 主语 the train + 谓语 will arrive） 正：Who will be our monitor hasn’t been decided yet.（who 作从句主语，语序正确） 【解析】从句主语是 he，谓语动词 said 需用过去式，遵循 “主语 + 谓语” 的陈述语序。 避坑点 3：“固定搭配 + 语境匹配” 双重验证（解决细节错误） 1. 固定搭配清单（必记）： The reason is that...（原因是……） It is a pity/shame/necessary that...（形式主语从句，that 不可省略） I doubt if/whether...（我怀疑是否……） I’m sure/certain that...（我确定……） depend on/insist on+whether（不可用 if） 2. 语境匹配原则： 表 “不确定 / 选择”→用 whether/if； 表 “具体内容 / 事实”→用 that； 表 “时间 / 地点 / 原因 / 方式”→用对应的连接副词。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、巩固提升练（基础小题） （一） 单句改错。 1.It is unknown that they will meet again.（______） 2.He asked me how could he improve his English quickly.（______） 3.She desired we cooperate with the local team.（______） 4.I’m interested in that he is doing now.（______） 5.The fact which he lied to us made us angry.（______） （二） 单项选择。 1. ______ makes the film so moving is the father’s deep love for his son. A. That B. What C. Who D. Which 2. We haven’t decided ______ we will go camping this weekend or not. A. if B. whether C. that D. when 3.The problem is ______ we can find a solution to the environmental pollution.A. that B. how C. what D. which 4.I have no idea ______ the meeting will last. Could you tell me?A. how soon B. how long C. how often D. how far 5. The news ______ our team won the game spread quickly in our school.A. which B. that C. what D. where 一、高考真题练 1. （2024・新课标 Ⅰ 卷）______ we need most is a balanced diet and regular exercise. A. That B. What C. Which D. Whom 2. （2023・浙江卷）I really don’t know ______ I can do to help you out of trouble. A. what B. how C. that D. which 3. （2022・全国乙卷）The question is ______ we can finish the task before the deadline. A. if B. whether C. that D. when 4. （2021・全国甲卷）It is often said that ______ we learn from mistakes is more important than the mistakes themselves. A. that B. what C. how D. which 5. （2020・新课标 Ⅱ 卷）His plan is ______ he will build a new school for the children in the village. A. that B. what C. how D. why 一. 句型转换（将简单句改为名词性从句 ）. 1.He will come to the party. We are not sure.（合并为主语从句） 2.What did she say? It surprised everyone.（合并为主语从句） 3.We should protect wild animals. It is our duty.（合并为形式主语从句） 2、 语法填空。 （一） （23-24高二上·浙江湖州·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 There are currently over 3, 000 endangered languages in the world on the edge of extinction. And languages and dialects are dying at 1 alarming rate. According to National Geographic, one language disappears from the earth every 14 days, and few leave any recognizable marks. The least spoken languages in the world tend to be spoken only by a few elders of small 2 (community). Learning a dying language rarely appeals to people 3 try to secure their place in a global economy, so younger generations aren’t typically learning these languages 4 their parents or grandparents. Most of these endangered languages also lack a writing system, 5 (make) their preservation an even bigger challenge. In this landscape of amazing loss, institutions and projects are trying to save 6 is left. The Endangered Languages Documentation Programme 7 (found) in 2002 with the aim of preserving languages threatened by extinction. It not only funds individual projects 8 (develop) by scholars, but also provides training in London and around the world 9 (help) prepare the methods required for research work. The purpose of documenting languages must not 10 (simple) be to pin(钉) them to the wall like butterflies. （二） （23-24高二上·甘肃甘南·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It is a special cross-country race. The competitors’ vehicles are made 11 fruits and vegetables like carrots, eggplants, grapefruits, pumpkins and oranges. They are the creations of pupils from the Shanghai World Foreign Language Primary School. According to Chen You, the science class teacher, 12 (base) knowledge had been taught within 1 classes to students before they drew sketches and 13 (choose) vegetables to make a food car. Although students were encouraged 14 (design) their cars together with parents, all the cars should be made in the class. After 15 (bring) piles of ingredients as well as tools the children began their innovation. Some cut the carrot slices to make them round, and some others assembled (组装) their car components together. In addition to the 16 (compete), students are required to reflect on the 17 (difficulty) they encountered making their vehicles, and 18 things they have learned from the activity and the improvements they think the course can make. 19 touched the teachers most was the unity and friendship among the children. For example, although the contest was fierce (激烈的), students felt 20 (excite) for the champion car as if they themselves had stood out, and when a girl’s car fell apart their friends comforted her and helped reassemble the car. （三） （23-24高二上·广东广州·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Cultural Landscape of Old Tea Forests of the Jingmai Mountain in Pu’er gained World Heritage Site status on the 45th Session of the World Heritage Committee of UNESCO on Sunday, becoming China’s 57th entry on that list. 21 is also the first World Heritage Site with 22 theme of tea. The landscape 23 (create) by ancestors of Blang people who immigrated to Jingmai Mountain in the 10th century AD and discovered wild tea trees, as well as by the ancestors of Dai people. 24 the basis of longstanding practices, local people developed an under-story growing technique 25   (eventual) . That is to create ideal light conditions for the growing of tea trees to produce quality organic tea leaves without the 26 (apply) of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. China will strengthen 27 (effort) to better supervise the heritage site, face climate change, guide local communities 28 (join) in protection and regulate tourism to ensure lastingly inherited outstanding universal values of the old tea forests. On Jingmai Mountain, communities also maintain ancient governance systems to protect the site, including traditional festivals and ceremonies 29 (relate) to Tea Ancestor, a belief 30 spirits live in the forest as well as among local fauna and flora. Tea leaves contribute to over 90 percent of the income for those communities. 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $