Unit 5 Natural disasters 宾语从句（2）（单元核心语法精练）英语新教材沪教版（五四学制）八年级下册

Unit 5 Natural disasters 核心语法精练（宾语从句(2) ） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单项选择 3 二、完成句子 9 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 10 题型一 语法填空 10 题型二 语法选择 13 Whether/if引导的宾语从句 详细讲解 whether和if引导的宾语从句均表“是否”，用于表达不确定的判断，从句需用陈述句语序（主语+谓语），二者多数情况可互换，但在特定场景下有明确使用限制。 一、 核心用法与结构 1. 基本结构 主句谓语动词 + whether/if + 完整陈述句（宾语从句） 例句： I wonder whether/if she will come to the party.（我想知道她是否会来参加派对。） He asked me whether/if I had seen his key.（他问我有没有见过他的钥匙。） 2. 适用的主句谓语类型 常用于表“询问、怀疑、不确定”的动词后，如ask, wonder, want to know, doubt, find out等。 例句：She doubts whether/if this plan is practical.（她怀疑这个计划是否可行。） 二、 whether和if的通用场景与区别 1. 通用场景 在大多数及物动词后引导宾语从句，且从句不与or not连用、不置于介词后、不作不定式的宾语时，whether和if可互换。 例句： Do you know whether/if the store is open today? I don’t care whether/if it rains tomorrow. 2. 只能用whether的情况（核心考点） ① 与or not连用时 whether可与or not直接连用（whether or not），或置于从句末尾（whether...or not）；if不能与or not直接连用。 例句： ✅ I want to know whether or not he will join us. ✅ I want to know whether he will join us or not. ❌ I want to know if or not he will join us. ② 置于介词之后时 介词（如about, for, on, in等）后的宾语从句，只能用whether引导。 例句： ✅ We are talking about whether we should change the plan. ❌ We are talking about if we should change the plan. ③ 引导的宾语从句作不定式（to do）的宾语时 例句： ✅ She hasn’t decided whether to go abroad or to study at home. ❌ She hasn’t decided if to go abroad or to study at home. ④ 引导的宾语从句置于句首时（表强调） 例句： ✅ Whether he will come, I am not sure. ❌ If he will come, I am not sure. 3. 只能用if的情况 引导宾语从句且表“如果” 时，只能用if，此时whether不可替换。 例句：I don’t know if he will come tomorrow. If he comes, I will call you.（前半句if表“是否”，后半句if表“如果”） 三、 核心语法规则 1. 语序规则 宾语从句必须用陈述句语序，不能用疑问句语序。 错误：Do you know whether is she coming? 正确：Do you know whether she is coming? 2. 时态一致原则 和that引导的宾语从句一致： 主句谓语为一般现在时/一般将来时，从句可根据实际情况用任意时态； 主句谓语为一般过去时，从句需用相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时等）； 特例：从句表述客观真理、科学事实时，时态不受主句影响，仍用一般现在时。 例句：The teacher asked if the earth goes around the sun.（客观真理，从句用一般现在时） 一、单项选择 1．—How meaningful the trip is! I wonder ________ our school will hold it next year. —Of course we will. It’s our school’s tradition. A．when B．where C．whether D．how 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这次旅行多有意义啊！我想知道我们学校明年是否会举办它。——当然会。这是我们学校的传统。 考查宾语从句的连接词辨析。when什么时候；where在哪里；whether是否；how如何。根据“Of course we will.”可知，对方给出了肯定的回答，说明问句是在询问事件发生的可能性，即“是否”会举办，而非询问时间、地点或方式。wonder后接宾语从句，表示“想知道是否……”，应用whether引导。故选C。 2．—Do you like Sally’s story? —Yes. It’s interesting but I doubt ________ the story is true. A．that B．when C．where D．whether 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你喜欢萨利的故事吗？——是的。它很有趣，但我怀疑这个故事是否是真的。 考查宾语从句引导词辨析。that引导宾语从句时，无实义，在从句中不作成分；when引导宾语从句时，在从句中作时间状语；where引导宾语从句时，在从句中作地点状语；whether引导宾语从句时，意为“是否”。根据“but I doubt...the story is true.”可知，此处指怀疑这个故事是否是真的，应用whether引导宾语从句。故选D。 3．—Kate, I’m going to a party tonight. Could you please tell me ________? —With pleasure. Wait a moment, please. A．if the skirt looked nice on me B．what should I pay attention to C．that I should take some flowers D．whether I can order a taxi on the phone 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——凯特，我今晚要去参加一个派对。你能告诉我是否可以通过电话叫出租车吗？——乐意效劳，请稍等。 考查宾语从句。根据“Could you please tell me ...?”可知，此处为宾语从句，应用陈述语序，排除B项；主句“Could you please tell me”表示委婉语气，且结合“I’m going to a party tonight.”可知，从句表示的时态应为现在或将来的时态，A项中“if”引导的宾语从句应用一般现在时，而不是一般过去时，故排除；C项语义不合——说话人并非要求对方“告诉我我应该带花”，故排除；D项为陈述语序，且时态为一般现在时，内容合理 (去派对可能需要叫出租车，符合稍等的情境)。故选D。 4．—What are you doing, Billy? —I am searching for some information about the Super Blue Blood Moon. I wonder _______. A．how long does it last B．that it will appear next time C．why does it look red D．whether it represents something lucky 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你在干什么，比利？——我正在寻找一些关于超级蓝血月的信息。我想知道这是否代表幸运。 考查宾语从句。在宾语从句中，从句部分必须使用陈述句语序（即主语在前，谓语在后），故排除A/C选项；根据“I wonder...”可知，从句应该是提出一个问题，而B选项中that引导的是陈述句，故排除B选项，故选D。 5．—I wonder ________ you left your bag in the library. I saw it there just now. —Oh, thank you! I forgot about it. A．when B．if C．why D．where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我想知道你是否把包忘在图书馆了。我刚才在那里看到了它。——哦，谢谢你！我忘了。 考查宾语从句连接词。when何时；if是否；why为什么；where哪里。根据答语“I saw it there just now”和“Thank you! I forgot about it”可知，说话人在确认对方是否把包忘在图书馆，表示不确定的猜测，因此用if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”。故选B。 6．—I wonder ________ this yellow pet cat is Frank’s. —It can’t be his. He doesn’t like keeping pet cats. A．since B．if C．unless D．whenever 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我想知道这只黄色的宠物猫是不是Frank的。——它不可能是他的。他不喜欢养宠物猫。 考查连词辨析。since自从；if是否，如果；unless除非；whenever无论何时。根据答语“It can’t be his. He doesn’t like keeping pet cats.”可知，前者询问猫是否属于Frank，需用if引导宾语从句表示“是否”。故选B。 7．It depends on ________ he can solve the problem correctly. A．if B．whether C．that D．why 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这取决于他能否正确地解决这个问题。 考查连词辨析。if是否，如果；whether是否；that引导从句，无实义；why为什么。根据“depends on...he can solve the problem correctly.”可知是取决于他能否正确地解决这个问题，从句位于介词on之后，用whether引导宾语从句。故选B。 8．I wonder ________ he will come to my birthday party or not. A．that B．whether C．what D．how 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我想知道他是否会来我的生日派对。 考查宾语从句连接词。that无实际含义，仅起连接作用；whether是否，可与“or not”搭配，引导宾语从句；what什么；how如何。根据句中“or not”可知，此处需表达“是否”的含义，“whether...or not”是固定搭配，符合语境，故选B。 9．—Will you buy this tie? —I have no idea. I don’t know ________ the color matches his new shirt or not. A．if B．that C．why D．whether 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你会买这条领带吗？——我不知道。我不知道这颜色是否和他的新衬衫相配。 考查宾语从句。if是否；that引导宾语从句时，无实际意义；why为什么；whether是否。根据空格后的“or not”可知，空格处应选whether引导此宾语从句。故选D。 10．—Would you like to go climbing with us this weekend? —I’d love to, but I’m not sure ________ I’ll be free or not then. A．whether B．that C．when D．if 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这个周末你想和我们一起去爬山吗？——我很想去，但我不确定那时我是否有空。 考查连词辨析。whether是否；that引导宾语从句时，无实义；when什么时候；if如果、是否。分析题干可知，空白处是宾语从句的连词，表示“是否”的含义，且与“or not”连用时，通常使用“whether”而非“if”。故选A。 11．I wonder ________ they went to the concert last night. A．what B．when C．that D．whether 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我想知道他们昨晚是否去听音乐会了。 考查宾语从句引导词。what什么；when什么时候；that（无实义，仅引导陈述句）；whether是否。根据句意，此处表示“是否”去听音乐会，应用whether引导宾语从句。故选D。 12．I wonder ________ we will have a school trip next week. A．that B．if C．what D．which 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我想知道我们下周是否会有学校旅行。 考查宾语从句的引导词。that那个；if如果、是否；what什么；which哪个。根据“I wonder...we will have a school trip next week.”以及选项可知，应用if引导一个宾语从句，表示不确定是否发生。故选B。 13．I’m not sure ________ he will come to the party or not. A．if B．whether C．that D．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我不确定他是否会来参加聚会。 考查宾语从句。if如果；whether是否；that那个；what什么。whether ... or not“是否”是固定搭配，if不能和or not直接连用；that引导宾语从句时无实际意义；what在宾语从句中要充当成分。此处表示“是否”且与or not连用。故选B。 14．He asked me ________ I had finished my homework. A．that B．if C．what D．which 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他问我是否完成了作业。 考查宾语从句连接词。that无意义；if是否；what什么；which哪一个。根据“He asked me ... I had finished my homework.”可知问是否完成了作业，用if引导宾语从句。故选B。 15．—Would you like to see the new movie 731 tomorrow? —Yes, of course. But I am not sure ________ Tony will go. A．why B．what C．that D．if 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你明天想去看新电影《731》吗？——当然，但我不确定托尼是否会去。 考查宾语从句。why为什么；what什么；that那；if是否。根据句意，空格处需填入表示“是否”的引导词，表达不确定托尼是否会去。故选D。 16．Although he explained a lot, we still wondered ________. A．that he had nothing to do with it B．whether his method would be effective C．how could he find the way finally D．why didn’t he meet our expectations 【答案】B 【详解】句意：虽然他解释了很多，但我们仍然怀疑他的方法是否有效。 考查宾语从句。该句是宾语从句，使用陈述语气，排除选项CD；“wondered”表示“想知道”，表示“不确定”性，其后通常接由if/whether引导的宾语从句，选项A语序无误，但是与逻辑矛盾，故选B。 17．—Do you believe ________ man can live on Mars in the future? —It’s hard to say. I am not sure ________ we can grow plants on Mars. A．if; that B．whether; if C．that; that D．that; whether 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你认为人类将来能在火星上生活吗？——很难说。我不确定我们是否能在火星上种植植物。 考查宾语从句引导词。 根据“Do you believe...man can live on Mars in the future?”可知，believe 表示“相信”，当后接一个陈述性从句时，常用that引导宾语从句，故第一空填that；not sure表示“不确定”，常用if或whether引导宾语从句。故选D。 18．—I’m not sure ________ my suggestion abut learning English is helpful to you. —It surely is. It helps me a lot. A．what B．when C．why D．whether 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我不确定我关于学习英语的建议是否对你有帮助。——当然有帮助。它对我帮助很大。 考查宾语从句。what什么；when何时；why为什么；whether是否。根据答句“It surely is. It helps me a lot.”可知，空格处应填入表示“是否”的词，引导宾语从句，即不确定我关于学习英语的建议是否对你有帮助。故选D。 19．—Do you know ________ Miss Liu can join the school leavers’ party next week? —She will if she is free. A．when B．who C．whether D．how 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你知道刘老师下周是否能参加毕业生派对吗？——如果她有空她会来的。 考查宾语从句连接词。when何时；who谁；whether是否；how怎样。根据“Do you know…party next week?”和答语可知，此处询问的是刘老师是否能参加毕业生派对，故选C。 20．The old man asked me ________ I could help him find his lost dog. He looked very worried. A．that B．if C．what D．which 【答案】B 【详解】句意：老人问我是否能帮他找到他丢失的狗。他看起来很担心。 考查宾语从句的连接词。that那个，引导宾语从句时无意义；if是否；what什么；which哪一个。根据“The old man asked me”可知，老人是在询问是否能帮忙，因此应使用表示“是否”的连接词if。故选B。 二、完成句子 21．许多家长担心孩子们能否明智地使用人工智能。 Lots of parents worry kids can use AI wisely not. 【答案】 whether or 【详解】据中英文对照可知，此处缺“是否”，英文表达为whether...or not，故填whether；or。 22．比尔想知道明年他们是否会再吃到粽子。 Bill they’ll have zongzi again next year. 【答案】 wonders whether/if 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“想知道……是否”。“想知道”用动词“wonder”，此处用第三人称单数形式。“是否”可用“whether”或“if”引导宾语从句。故填wonders；whether/if。 23．比尔想知道他们明年是否还会吃粽子。 Bill they’ll have zongzi again next year. 【答案】 wonders if/whether 【详解】根据中英文提示可知，缺少“想知道”和“是否”的表达。“想知道”用动词wonder，主语Bill是第三人称单数，句子描述常态想法，时态为一般现在时，故wonder需变为wonders；“是否”在宾语从句中用if或whether，均符合语境。故填wonders；if/whether。 24．我常常怀疑发展我的爱好是否重要。 I often . 【答案】doubt whether it’s important to develop my hobbies 【详解】根据所给汉语意思可知，空缺处应该填的是“怀疑发展我的爱好是否重要”，doubt“怀疑”，句子时态是一般现在时，主语是I，谓语动词用原形；whether“是否”，引导宾语从句；it’s+形容词+to do sth“做某事是……的”，important“重要的”；develop“发展”；my hobbies“我的爱好”，故填doubt whether it’s important to develop my hobbies。 25．你可以告诉我艺术节是否有趣吗？（完成译句） Could you please tell me the art festival is fun not? 【答案】 whether or 【详解】根据中文提示可知，此处是询问艺术节是否有趣，“是否”应用whether...or not来表达，为固定搭配。故填whether；or。 26．对于我们是否应该给机器人更多的工作岗位，人们持不同意见。 People have different opinions on robots more jobs. 【答案】 whether we should offer/give 【详解】对照中英文可知，该句用“whether”引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，且使用陈述语气；we“我们”是主语；“should”表示“应该”，接动词原形；“give/offer”是动词，意为“给/提供”。故填whether；we；should；offer/give。 27．这是她第一次来中国，她不知道她是否能明白中文。 She wondered Chinese because it was her first time to come to China. 【答案】 if/whether she could understand 【详解】根据中文提示及所给英文可知，此处考查if/whether“是否”引导的宾语从句，she“她”作主语，时态遵循“主过从过”原则，情态动词can“能”变形为过去式could，后接动词原形understand“理解”。故填if/whether；she；could；understand。 28．他不敢肯定这个问题是不是值得关注。 He doubted or not. 【答案】whether this problem was worth paying attention to 【详解】是否whether，常与or not连用，是宾语从句的引导词；这个问题this problem，作从句主语；值得关注be worth paying attention to，主句是过去时，从句要用过去的时态，be动词用was。故填whether this problem was worth paying attention to。 29．他是否回来取决于明天是否下雨。 Whether or not he will come back if . 【答案】 depends on/upon it will rain tomorrow 【详解】depend on/upon“取决于”，“Whether or not he will come back”作主语，此处时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用三单形式；根据“明天是否下雨”可知，本句时态是一般将来时（will do），主语是it，rain“下雨”，tomorrow“明天”。故填depends；on/upon；it；will；rain；tomorrow。 30．我想知道你是否对这些讲座感兴趣。 I wonder in these lectures. 【答案】 whether/if you are interested 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“你是否感兴趣”；根据“I wonder”可知，此句为宾语从句，whether/if“是否”；you“你”；be interested in“对……感兴趣”，时态为一般现在时，从句主语为you，所以be动词用are。故填whether/if；you；are；interested。 题型一 语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 I’m walking along a busy beach in Thailand. Many families and friends are enjoying 1 (them). It’s been many years since a tsunami happened here. The tsunami was terrible, but there were lots of 2 (touch) moments. Some people, like Tilly Smith, saved lives 3 (brave) with their knowledge. This clever 10-year-old girl saw the water going farther up the beach. It wasn’t calm. At that time, all the tourists 4 (play) happily on the beach. Only she knew that a tsunami was coming. She learnt about tsunamis at school two weeks 5 (early). Tilly warned people on the beach. 6 they all ran to a hotel. Minutes later, the tsunami hit. That school lesson about tsunamis saved 100 lives. Knowledge can make a big 7 (different) between life and death. And nowadays we can depend on technology, too. For example, a “SAFETY NET” app. It shows you 8 world map with all the active disasters flagged. You can choose your area and it will warn you about the upcoming disasters. It can also tell you how serious it might be and some safe places to go in order to save yourself 9 danger. In a word, useful weather knowledge and modern technology can both help humans a lot. They can send accurate natural disaster warnings, giving people enough time 10 (prepare) and stay away from dangers like floods and typhoons. 【答案】 1．themselves 2．touching 3．bravely 4．were playing 5．earlier 6．So 7．difference 8．a 9．from 10．to prepare 【导语】本文围绕海啸应对及自然灾害防范展开。 1．句意：许多家庭和朋友都玩得很开心。根据“enjoying”可知，此处使用反身代词，enjoy oneself“玩得开心”，them的反身代词是themselves。故填themselves。 2．句意：海啸很可怕，但有很多感人的时刻。根据“moments”可知，此处使用形容词作定语，touch的形容词是touching“感人的”。故填touching。 3．句意：有些人，像蒂莉·史密斯，用他们的知识勇敢地拯救了生命。根据“saved lives”可知，此处使用副词修饰动词，brave的副词是bravely“勇敢地”。故填bravely。 4．句意：当时，所有的游客都在海滩上开心地玩耍。根据“At that time”可知，此处使用过去进行时，结构为was/were doing，主语all the tourists是复数，be动词用were，play的现在分词是playing。故填were playing。 5．句意：她两周前在学校学到了关于海啸的知识。根据“learnt about tsunamis at school two weeks”可知，此处表示“两周前”，two weeks earlier“两周前”。故填earlier。 6．句意：所以他们都跑到了一家旅馆。根据“Tilly warned people on the beach.”和“they all ran to a hotel”可知，前后是因果关系，用so“所以”连接。故填So。 7．句意：知识可以在生死之间产生很大的影响。根据“make a big”可知，此处使用名词，different的名词是difference“不同，影响”，make a big difference“产生很大的影响”。故填difference。 8．句意：它向你展示了一张标有所有活跃灾害的世界地图。根据“world map”可知，此处表示泛指，且world以辅音音素开头，使用不定冠词a。故填a。 9．句意：它还可以告诉你它可能有多严重，以及一些安全的地方，以便使自己免于危险。根据“save yourself...danger”可知，此处表示“使自己免于危险”，save...from...“使……免于……”。故填from。 10．句意：它们可以发出准确的自然灾害预警，给人们足够的时间准备，远离洪水、台风等危险。enough time to do sth“足够的时间做某事”。故填to prepare。 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Earthquakes usually come without warning. Earthquakes 1 (cause) lots of disasters before. What should you do if this happens to you? An earthquake is 2 (danger), but there are still things you can do to protect yourself. Stay calm as the Earth begins 3 (shake). Your chances of survival in an earthquake go up if you can keep calm. 4 (stay) calm is not easy, but it can save your life. If you are inside when the earthquake starts, get under a table 5 a bed. You need to have something strong around you to protect you from falling objects. Do not stand near walls or windows and stay 6 of the kitchen. The kitchen is dangerous because of many glass objects. If you are outside, get to 7 open area as fast as you can. Stay away from 8 (build) and trees. If you are in a car, pull over to a place where there are no trees or tall hills and stay in the car. If you are close to the sea, try to get as far away from the water as possible. Earthquakes can cause huge waves (浪) that can 9 (real) harm the people nearby. When the earthquake is over, there is still plenty of danger. For example, gas fires often break out after an earthquake. If you see a fire, quickly move outdoors to an open area. Always remember to hope for the best but prepare for the 10 (bad). 【答案】 1．have caused 2．dangerous 3．to shake/shaking 4．Staying 5．or 6．out 7．an 8．buildings 9．really 10．worst 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地震时我们应该怎么做以进行自我保护远离危害。 1．句意：地震之前已造成许多灾难。cause“造成”，根据“Earthquakes...lots of disasters before.”可知需用现在完成时，主语为复数，助动词用have。故填have caused。 2．句意：地震是危险的，但你仍然可以做一些事情来保护自己。根据“An earthquake is...”可知，分析句子结构，空处缺形容词，在句中作表语。danger“危险”为名词，其形容词为dangerous。故填dangerous。 3．句意：当地面开始摇晃时，保持冷静。shake“摇晃”，根据“...as the Earth begins...”可知，begin to do/doing sth.“开始做某事”为固定搭配。故填to shake/ shaking。 4．句意：保持冷静是不容易的，但它可以拯救你的生命。根据“...calm is not easy”可知，分析句子结构，空处缺主语，需用动名词，动词stay的动名词为staying，放句首时，首字母要大写。故填Staying。 5．句意：如果地震开始时你在室内，躲到桌子或床下。根据“get under a table...a bed.”可知，应该是躲到桌子或床下，表选择，or“或者”符合题意。故填or。 6．句意：不要站在墙壁或窗户附近，不要进厨房。根据“The kitchen is dangerous because of many glass objects.”可知厨房很危险，所以不要进厨房，stay out of 意为“避开、不进入”。故填out。 7．句意：如果你在外面，尽可能快地到达一个开阔的地方。根据“...get to...open area as fast as you can.”可知，此处泛指“一个开阔的地方”，open以元音音素开头，需用冠词an。故填an。 8．句意：远离建筑物和树木。根据“Stay away from...and trees.”可知，此处需要名词作宾语，build的名词是building，可数名词复数表泛指。故填buildings。 9．句意：地震引起的巨浪可能会真正伤害附近的人。根据“that can...harm the people”可知，修饰动词harm需用副词。故填really。 10．句意：永远记住希望最好的，但要为最坏的情况做准备。根据“hope for the best but prepare for the...”可知，空处与“the best”对应，空处需最高级。bad的最高级形式是worst。故填worst。 题型二 语法选择 Hello, everybody! I’m Dang Gui, a student from Sichuan, China. Just a month ago, I had 1 unusual experience. As the news reported, a terrible earthquake happened in our county, where I lived with 2 family. It’s the strongest earthquake these years. It’s reported that the earthquake 3 10 people to be dead, hundreds of people to be injured (受伤的), and several people to be missing, up to now. I still remember the time when the earthquake happened. It 4 in the morning. At that time, I was preparing 5 my school things. Mum was doing the dishes in the kitchen 6 Dad was cleaning the room. Suddenly, the earthquake happened. The building was shaking, as well as the lights, and the furniture in it. People were shouting in fear and trying 7 out of the house. I felt very scared. Mum and Dad ran to me. And we stayed together in a safe corner of the house. Followed by many aftershocks (余震), finally, the earthquake ended. We felt very 8 to be safe and sound. After the earthquake, all the 9 in my neighbourhood came out to help. The whole country offered us with great love, care and support, too. I think the earthquake brought us much 10 than before. 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．I B．me C．my 3．A．has caused B．causes C．will cause 4．A．were B．are C．was 5．A．for B．from C．about 6．A．since B．although C．while 7．A．get B．to get C．got 8．A．unlucky B．luck C．lucky 9．A．tourist B．tourists C．neighbours 10．A．closer B．the closest C．farther 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文作者介绍了自己经历的一次地震。 1．句意：就在一个月前，我有一次不寻常的经历。 a一个，不定冠词，用在辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，不定冠词，用在元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表示特指。根据空格后“unusual experience”可知，此处泛指一次不寻常的经历，且unusual是以元音音素开头，所以此处应该填入不定冠词an。故选B。 2．句意：正如新闻报道的，我们县发生了一场可怕的地震，我和家人住在那里。 I我，主格人称代词；me我，宾格人称代词；my我的，形容词性物主代词。根据分析句子“where I lived with…family.”可知，此处应该填入形容词性物主代词my，修饰名词family。故选C。 3．句意：据报道，到目前为止，地震已造成10人死亡，数百人受伤，数人失踪。 has caused已经造成，现在完成时；causes造成，第三人称单数形式；will cause将造成，一般将来时。根据句中“up to now”可知，此处时态为现在完成时，表达到目前为止，地震已造成10人死亡，数百人受伤，数人失踪。故选A。 4．句意：它是在早上。 were是，过去式，复数；are是，复数形式；was是，过去式，单数。根据语境可知，此次地震发生在过去，所以时态为一般过去时，且该句主语是It，所以此处be动词要用was。故选C。 5．句意：当时，我正在准备我的学校的事情。 for对于；from来自；about关于。根据空格前“preparing”可知，此处考查：prepare for，动词短语，意为“为……做准备”，所以此处应该填入介词for，指的是作者正在准备他的学校的事情。故选A。 6．句意：妈妈正在厨房洗碗，而爸爸正在打扫房间。 since自……以来；although虽然，尽管；while当……时，然而。根据“Mum was doing the dishes in the kitchen…Dad was cleaning the room.”，结合选项可知，此处应该填入while，表达妈妈正在厨房洗碗，而爸爸正在打扫房间。故挑选C。 7．句意：人们害怕地大喊大叫，试图逃出房子。 get获得，动词原形；to get获得，不定式；got获得，过去式。根据空格前“trying”可知，此处考查try to do sth，固定搭配，意为“试图做某事”，所以此处应该填入不定式to get，作宾语。故选B。 8．句意：我们感到非常幸运，安然无恙。 unlucky不幸运的，形容词；luck运气，名词；lucky幸运的，形容词。根据分析句子“We felt very… o be safe and sound.”可知，此处应该填入lucky，形容词，作表语，意为“幸运的”，表达我们感到非常幸运，安然无恙。故选C。 9．句意：地震后，我家附近所有的邻居都出来帮忙。 tourist游客，可数名词单数；tourists游客，可数名词复数；neighbours邻居，可数名词复数。根据空格后“in my neighbourhood”可知，此处指的是作者家附近所有的邻居都出来帮忙。故选C。 10．句意：我想地震让我们比以前更亲近了。 closer更亲近的，形容词比较级；the closest最亲近的，最高级；farther更远的，形容词比较级。根据空格后“than before”可知，此处应该填入形容词比较级；又根据前文“The whole country offered us with great love, care and support, too.”可知，此处应该填入closer，指的是地震让“我”们比以前更亲近了。故选A。 Last winter many parts of China, such as Hunan, Hubei and Guizhou experienced drops in temperature of more than 14℃. On December 12, 2023, the China government made 1 first yellow warning in ten years for freezing temperatures. 2 temperatures were low, a large crowd of people traveled to watch the great winter landscape. In Zhangjiajie, Hunan, the cold brought not only snow 3 also more than 4,000 visitors each day. 32Hike, an online travel platform (平台) in Guangzhou, said it increased the number of organized trips to Hengshan Mountain to give visitors a chance 4 the snow-white landscape. To serve tourists and provide a safe and 5 experience, scenic spots (风景区) used a lot of safety ways. They posted big safety warnings in risky areas and 6 free hot tea, raincoats and towels. Some medical aid sites 7 up to do with emergencies. “Kang Yang, a police officer working on Zhurong Peak, 8 highest point on Hengshan Mountain”, said all his workmates worked day and night. They kept walking around and helping out tourists at any time. “We tell visitors to the mountain to manage their time well, and ask them to come down from the mountain as 9 as possible, and no later than 4:00 pm. Officials also use megaphones (扩音器) to remind tourists 10 safety,” Kang said. 1．A．it B．its C．itself 2．A．Though B．Whether C．If 3．A．and B．so C．but 4．A．enjoy B．to enjoy C．enjoying 5．A．comfortable B．uncomfortable C．comfortably 6．A．will offer B．offers C．offered 7．A．are set B．were set C．are setting 8．A．the B．a C．an 9．A．early B．earlier C．earliest 10．A．in B．with C．of 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了中国部分地区在2023年冬季遭遇极端低温天气，政府发布黄色预警，以及各地景区为游客提供安全保障和服务的情况。 1．句意：2023年12月12日，中国政府发布了十年来首次黄色预警，提醒人们注意低温天气。 it它，主/宾格；its它的，形容词性物主代词；itself他自己，反身代词。空处修饰名词短语“first yellow warning”，应用形容词性物主代词。故选B。 2．句意：虽然气温很低，但还是有一大群人前来观看这一壮观的冬季景观。 Though尽管；Whether是否；If如果。根据“temperatures were low, a large crowd of people traveled to watch the great winter landscape”可知，前半句是后半句的让步状语，所以用though引导让步状语从句。故选A。 3．句意：在湖南张家界，寒冷不仅带来了雪，而且每天吸引了4000多名游客。 and和；so所以；but但是。not only...but also...“不但……而且……”。故选C。 4．句意：广州在线旅游平台32Hike表示，为了让游客有机会欣赏雪景，该公司增加了赴衡山旅游的组团数量。 enjoy欣赏（原形）；to enjoy去欣赏（不定式）；enjoying欣赏（现在分词）。根据“give visitors a chance…the snow-white landscape”可知，此处指欣赏美景的好机会，用动词不定式作后置定语修饰名词chance。故选B。 5．句意：为了服务游客并提供安全和舒适的体验，风景区采取了许多安全措施。 comfortable舒适的；uncomfortable不舒适的；comfortably舒适地。根据“scenic spots (风景区) used a lot of safety ways”可知，此处需要一个形容词来修饰“experience”，且应是为游客提供好的体验，所以用comfortable。故选A。 6．句意：他们在危险区域张贴了大型安全警告，并提供了免费的热茶、雨衣和毛巾。 will offer将提供（一般将来时）；offers提供（三单形式）；offered提供（过去式）。根据“They posted big safety warnings in risky areas and…free hot tea, raincoats and towels”可知，时态是一般过去时，所以空处用过去式。故选C。 7．句意：一些医疗援助站点被设立以应对紧急情况。 are set被设立（一般现在时的被动语态）；were set被设立了（一般过去时的被动语态）；are setting正在设立（现在进行时）。本段是一般过去时，且主语与动词set up之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 8．句意：康阳是一名在衡山最高点祝融峰工作的警察。 the定冠词，表特指；a不定冠词，表泛指，用于首字母发辅音音素的单词前；an不定冠词，表泛指，用于首字母发元音音素的单词前。根据“highest point on Hengshan Mountain”可知，最高级前用定冠词the。故选A。 9．句意：我们告诉到山上的游客要管理好自己的时间，并要求他们尽可能早地下山，不晚于下午4点。 early早，原级；earlier更早，比较级；earliest最早，最高级。根据“come down from the mountain as…as possible”可知，as...as之间用副词原级。故选A。 10．句意：工作人员还使用扩音器提醒游客注意安全。 in在……里；with和；of……的。根据“remind tourists…safety”可知，此处是固定短语remind sb of sth“提醒某人某事”。故选C。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Natural disasters 核心语法精练（宾语从句(2) ） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单项选择 3 二、完成句子 9 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 10 题型一 语法填空 10 题型二 语法选择 13 Whether/if引导的宾语从句 详细讲解 whether和if引导的宾语从句均表“是否”，用于表达不确定的判断，从句需用陈述句语序（主语+谓语），二者多数情况可互换，但在特定场景下有明确使用限制。 一、 核心用法与结构 1. 基本结构 主句谓语动词 + whether/if + 完整陈述句（宾语从句） 例句： I wonder whether/if she will come to the party.（我想知道她是否会来参加派对。） He asked me whether/if I had seen his key.（他问我有没有见过他的钥匙。） 2. 适用的主句谓语类型 常用于表“询问、怀疑、不确定”的动词后，如ask, wonder, want to know, doubt, find out等。 例句：She doubts whether/if this plan is practical.（她怀疑这个计划是否可行。） 二、 whether和if的通用场景与区别 1. 通用场景 在大多数及物动词后引导宾语从句，且从句不与or not连用、不置于介词后、不作不定式的宾语时，whether和if可互换。 例句： Do you know whether/if the store is open today? I don’t care whether/if it rains tomorrow. 2. 只能用whether的情况（核心考点） ① 与or not连用时 whether可与or not直接连用（whether or not），或置于从句末尾（whether...or not）；if不能与or not直接连用。 例句： ✅ I want to know whether or not he will join us. ✅ I want to know whether he will join us or not. ❌ I want to know if or not he will join us. ② 置于介词之后时 介词（如about, for, on, in等）后的宾语从句，只能用whether引导。 例句： ✅ We are talking about whether we should change the plan. ❌ We are talking about if we should change the plan. ③ 引导的宾语从句作不定式（to do）的宾语时 例句： ✅ She hasn’t decided whether to go abroad or to study at home. ❌ She hasn’t decided if to go abroad or to study at home. ④ 引导的宾语从句置于句首时（表强调） 例句： ✅ Whether he will come, I am not sure. ❌ If he will come, I am not sure. 3. 只能用if的情况 引导宾语从句且表“如果” 时，只能用if，此时whether不可替换。 例句：I don’t know if he will come tomorrow. If he comes, I will call you.（前半句if表“是否”，后半句if表“如果”） 三、 核心语法规则 1. 语序规则 宾语从句必须用陈述句语序，不能用疑问句语序。 错误：Do you know whether is she coming? 正确：Do you know whether she is coming? 2. 时态一致原则 和that引导的宾语从句一致： 主句谓语为一般现在时/一般将来时，从句可根据实际情况用任意时态； 主句谓语为一般过去时，从句需用相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时等）； 特例：从句表述客观真理、科学事实时，时态不受主句影响，仍用一般现在时。 例句：The teacher asked if the earth goes around the sun.（客观真理，从句用一般现在时） 一、单项选择 1．—How meaningful the trip is! I wonder ________ our school will hold it next year. —Of course we will. It’s our school’s tradition. A．when B．where C．whether D．how 2．—Do you like Sally’s story? —Yes. It’s interesting but I doubt ________ the story is true. A．that B．when C．where D．whether 3．—Kate, I’m going to a party tonight. Could you please tell me ________? —With pleasure. Wait a moment, please. A．if the skirt looked nice on me B．what should I pay attention to C．that I should take some flowers D．whether I can order a taxi on the phone 4．—What are you doing, Billy? —I am searching for some information about the Super Blue Blood Moon. I wonder _______. A．how long does it last B．that it will appear next time C．why does it look red D．whether it represents something lucky 5．—I wonder ________ you left your bag in the library. I saw it there just now. —Oh, thank you! I forgot about it. A．when B．if C．why D．where 6．—I wonder ________ this yellow pet cat is Frank’s. —It can’t be his. He doesn’t like keeping pet cats. A．since B．if C．unless D．whenever 7．It depends on ________ he can solve the problem correctly. A．if B．whether C．that D．why 8．I wonder ________ he will come to my birthday party or not. A．that B．whether C．what D．how 9．—Will you buy this tie? —I have no idea. I don’t know ________ the color matches his new shirt or not. A．if B．that C．why D．whether 10．—Would you like to go climbing with us this weekend? —I’d love to, but I’m not sure ________ I’ll be free or not then. A．whether B．that C．when D．if 11．I wonder ________ they went to the concert last night. A．what B．when C．that D．whether 12．I wonder ________ we will have a school trip next week. A．that B．if C．what D．which 13．I’m not sure ________ he will come to the party or not. A．if B．whether C．that D．what 14．He asked me ________ I had finished my homework. A．that B．if C．what D．which 15．—Would you like to see the new movie 731 tomorrow? —Yes, of course. But I am not sure ________ Tony will go. A．why B．what C．that D．if 16．Although he explained a lot, we still wondered ________. A．that he had nothing to do with it B．whether his method would be effective C．how could he find the way finally D．why didn’t he meet our expectations 17．—Do you believe ________ man can live on Mars in the future? —It’s hard to say. I am not sure ________ we can grow plants on Mars. A．if; that B．whether; if C．that; that D．that; whether 18．—I’m not sure ________ my suggestion abut learning English is helpful to you. —It surely is. It helps me a lot. A．what B．when C．why D．whether 19．—Do you know ________ Miss Liu can join the school leavers’ party next week? —She will if she is free. A．when B．who C．whether D．how 20．The old man asked me ________ I could help him find his lost dog. He looked very worried. A．that B．if C．what D．which 二、完成句子 21．许多家长担心孩子们能否明智地使用人工智能。 Lots of parents worry kids can use AI wisely not. 22．比尔想知道明年他们是否会再吃到粽子。 Bill they’ll have zongzi again next year. 23．比尔想知道他们明年是否还会吃粽子。 Bill they’ll have zongzi again next year. 24．我常常怀疑发展我的爱好是否重要。 I often . 25．你可以告诉我艺术节是否有趣吗？（完成译句） Could you please tell me the art festival is fun not? 26．对于我们是否应该给机器人更多的工作岗位，人们持不同意见。 People have different opinions on robots more jobs. 27．这是她第一次来中国，她不知道她是否能明白中文。 She wondered Chinese because it was her first time to come to China. 28．他不敢肯定这个问题是不是值得关注。 He doubted or not. 29．他是否回来取决于明天是否下雨。 Whether or not he will come back if . 30．我想知道你是否对这些讲座感兴趣。 I wonder in these lectures. 题型一 语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 I’m walking along a busy beach in Thailand. Many families and friends are enjoying 1 (them). It’s been many years since a tsunami happened here. The tsunami was terrible, but there were lots of 2 (touch) moments. Some people, like Tilly Smith, saved lives 3 (brave) with their knowledge. This clever 10-year-old girl saw the water going farther up the beach. It wasn’t calm. At that time, all the tourists 4 (play) happily on the beach. Only she knew that a tsunami was coming. She learnt about tsunamis at school two weeks 5 (early). Tilly warned people on the beach. 6 they all ran to a hotel. Minutes later, the tsunami hit. That school lesson about tsunamis saved 100 lives. Knowledge can make a big 7 (different) between life and death. And nowadays we can depend on technology, too. For example, a “SAFETY NET” app. It shows you 8 world map with all the active disasters flagged. You can choose your area and it will warn you about the upcoming disasters. It can also tell you how serious it might be and some safe places to go in order to save yourself 9 danger. In a word, useful weather knowledge and modern technology can both help humans a lot. They can send accurate natural disaster warnings, giving people enough time 10 (prepare) and stay away from dangers like floods and typhoons. 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Earthquakes usually come without warning. Earthquakes 1 (cause) lots of disasters before. What should you do if this happens to you? An earthquake is 2 (danger), but there are still things you can do to protect yourself. Stay calm as the Earth begins 3 (shake). Your chances of survival in an earthquake go up if you can keep calm. 4 (stay) calm is not easy, but it can save your life. If you are inside when the earthquake starts, get under a table 5 a bed. You need to have something strong around you to protect you from falling objects. Do not stand near walls or windows and stay 6 of the kitchen. The kitchen is dangerous because of many glass objects. If you are outside, get to 7 open area as fast as you can. Stay away from 8 (build) and trees. If you are in a car, pull over to a place where there are no trees or tall hills and stay in the car. If you are close to the sea, try to get as far away from the water as possible. Earthquakes can cause huge waves (浪) that can 9 (real) harm the people nearby. When the earthquake is over, there is still plenty of danger. For example, gas fires often break out after an earthquake. If you see a fire, quickly move outdoors to an open area. Always remember to hope for the best but prepare for the 10 (bad). 题型二 语法选择 Hello, everybody! I’m Dang Gui, a student from Sichuan, China. Just a month ago, I had 1 unusual experience. As the news reported, a terrible earthquake happened in our county, where I lived with 2 family. It’s the strongest earthquake these years. It’s reported that the earthquake 3 10 people to be dead, hundreds of people to be injured (受伤的), and several people to be missing, up to now. I still remember the time when the earthquake happened. It 4 in the morning. At that time, I was preparing 5 my school things. Mum was doing the dishes in the kitchen 6 Dad was cleaning the room. Suddenly, the earthquake happened. The building was shaking, as well as the lights, and the furniture in it. People were shouting in fear and trying 7 out of the house. I felt very scared. Mum and Dad ran to me. And we stayed together in a safe corner of the house. Followed by many aftershocks (余震), finally, the earthquake ended. We felt very 8 to be safe and sound. After the earthquake, all the 9 in my neighbourhood came out to help. The whole country offered us with great love, care and support, too. I think the earthquake brought us much 10 than before. 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．I B．me C．my 3．A．has caused B．causes C．will cause 4．A．were B．are C．was 5．A．for B．from C．about 6．A．since B．although C．while 7．A．get B．to get C．got 8．A．unlucky B．luck C．lucky 9．A．tourist B．tourists C．neighbours 10．A．closer B．the closest C．farther Last winter many parts of China, such as Hunan, Hubei and Guizhou experienced drops in temperature of more than 14℃. On December 12, 2023, the China government made 1 first yellow warning in ten years for freezing temperatures. 2 temperatures were low, a large crowd of people traveled to watch the great winter landscape. In Zhangjiajie, Hunan, the cold brought not only snow 3 also more than 4,000 visitors each day. 32Hike, an online travel platform (平台) in Guangzhou, said it increased the number of organized trips to Hengshan Mountain to give visitors a chance 4 the snow-white landscape. To serve tourists and provide a safe and 5 experience, scenic spots (风景区) used a lot of safety ways. They posted big safety warnings in risky areas and 6 free hot tea, raincoats and towels. Some medical aid sites 7 up to do with emergencies. “Kang Yang, a police officer working on Zhurong Peak, 8 highest point on Hengshan Mountain”, said all his workmates worked day and night. They kept walking around and helping out tourists at any time. “We tell visitors to the mountain to manage their time well, and ask them to come down from the mountain as 9 as possible, and no later than 4:00 pm. Officials also use megaphones (扩音器) to remind tourists 10 safety,” Kang said. 1．A．it B．its C．itself 2．A．Though B．Whether C．If 3．A．and B．so C．but 4．A．enjoy B．to enjoy C．enjoying 5．A．comfortable B．uncomfortable C．comfortably 6．A．will offer B．offers C．offered 7．A．are set B．were set C．are setting 8．A．the B．a C．an 9．A．early B．earlier C．earliest 10．A．in B．with C．of 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $