精品解析：福建省厦门六中2023-2024学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题

厦门六中2023-2024学年高三上学期第三阶段检测 英语试题 本试卷分四部分，共12页。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话仅读一遍。 1 Which platform does the 10:40 train leave from? A. Platform 2. B. Platform 3. C. Platform 5. 2. Why is Mike so happy? A. He was admitted to college. B. He heard from his parents. C. He won a prize. 3. What time is the man’s appointment? A. At 9:15. B. At 11:00. C. At 11:10. 4. What will the weather be like tomorrow? A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Cloudy. 5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers？ A. Husband and wife. B. Salesman and customer. C. Friends. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6 What did Karen do during her trip? A. She made some wine. B. She drank some wine. C. She bought some wine. 7. What does Karen think about her trip to Alabama? A. Enjoyable. B. Awful. C. Boring. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. Why does the woman have to move? A. The rent is too high. B. The landlord is selling the place. C. The construction noise is too loud. 9. Where might the woman stay for a while? A. In her parents’. B. In a storeroom. C. In a hotel. 10. What does the woman ask the man to do? A. Pack her stuff. B. Look for a new place. C. Take care of her pet. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A history exam. B. Note-taking. C. A historical story. 12. What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Use symbols. B. Add examples. C. Copy texts. 13. How many pages of notes did the woman take? A. Two. B. Six. C. Seven. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14. What does Andy probably do? A. A tour guide. B. A writer. C. A pilot. 15. Which theme park has the most roller coasters in one park? A. Cedar Point. B. Magic Kingdom. C. Lotte World. 16. What can people do in the parks in China soon? A. Visit dinosaurs in the south. B. Ride the highest roller coaster. C. Watch animals at night. 17. Where does Andy plan to go this year? A. Singapore. B. New York. C. China. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. Who is the speaker talking to? A. Gym members. B. Potential clients. C. Sports trainers. 19. What does the speaker suggest right after you sign up? A. Talking to a specialist. B. Starting your training program. C. Going on a diet. 20. What is the advantage of this gym? A. The classes are free. B. The services are better. C. The pool is always available. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） A Louis Pasteur once said, “Chance favors the prepared mind.” That’s the truth behind the following inventions — the scientists were prepared and were able to see the magic in a mistake. Mauve In 1856, William Perkin was trying to come up with an artificial medicine, but his experiments produced a thick mess. But the more Perkin looked at it, the more he saw a beautiful color in his mess. Turns out he had made mauve, the first-ever synthetic dye (合成染料), which was far better than any natural dyes: the color was brighter, clearer, and didn’t fade or wash out. Superglue This super-sticky substance was discovered by accident — twice! Chemist Harry Coover had been attempting to make clear plastic gun sights, and in 1942 one method he tested produced an extremely quick bonding adhesive (黏合剂). It was useless for his gun sights, though, and he forgot about it until almost ten years later, when he came across it again while developing heat-resistant parts for airplanes. This time he realised its potential, and the product was put on the market. Plastic In 1907, shellac (虫胶) was used in electronics. It was costly, so American chemist Leo Hendrik Baekeland tried to produce an alternative. Instead, his experiments produced a material that could take high temperatures. He later developed it into plastic, and it was soon used in the production of almost everything. Teflon Back in the 1930s, Young DuPont chemist Roy Plunkett was working to make a new kind of CFC for refrigeration. After storing the gas in certain containers, he opened one to discover that it had changed into a white powder that was extremely sticky and had a very high melting point. Three years later, the substance, which was named Teflon, was patented. 1. Which invention came out earliest? A. Mauve. B. Superglue. C. Plastic. D. Teflon. 2. Who recognized the value of his original invention when developing airplane parts? A. William Perkin. B. Harry Coover. C. Leo Hendrik. D. Roy Plunkett. 3. What do the inventions have in common? A. They were made by accident. B. They could take high temperatures. C They received no recognition at first. D. They could be used in medical fields. B Most 13-year-olds might have spent those three years preoccupied with schoolwork or hanging out with mates. One teenager, however, spent his nights sleeping in a tent to raise money for the hospice (临终安养院) that looked after his friend. Now, Max Woosey — who became known as the Boy in the Tent during his young years-long fundraising campaign — has decided to go back indoors after three years and more than £700,000 in charitable donations. “I love camping, it’s one of my favourite things and I’m definitely going to miss it,” he said. “I think that highlight would have to be the second camp out, because that year was the hardest.” “The first year was quite nice but the second was colder and there were worse storms. It was really meaningful for me because all my friends and family were there.” He said that although the wind and the rain proved to be tricky adversaries (对手), it was last summer’s heatwave that almost forced him to return to the comforts of his bedroom. “Honestly, it was horrible, and when there’s a heatwave your tent turns into a greenhouse. It was absolutely boiling,” he said. On the prospect of sleeping inside on a regular basis again, he said: “I think it’s going to be weird (怪异的) the first few nights but I think it is time to come inside now. There are future adventures we are hoping can become possible. It is going to be strange but I’m just going to have to get over it.” Speaking to ITV’s Good Morning Britain, he said: “My friend Rick was absolutely amazing. He loved the outdoors, he loved sports and we got along really well. The North Devon hospice just took brilliant care of him and I wanted to say thank you in the biggest way I could. So I started sleeping outside and I tried to raise as much money as I could for them.” Donations will go to North Devon hospice. Stephen Roberts, its chief executive, told the ITV: “The funds he raised for North Devon hospice in this time will make a real difference to the patients and families we support.” 4. What has Max been engaged in for three years? A. Doing charity camping. B. Hanging out with friends. C. Looking after his friend. D. Donating tents to the hospice. 5. What was the biggest challenge for Max while he camped out? A. Terrible storms. B. Extreme heat. C. Freezing weather. D. Desperate loneliness. 6. What is Max’s attitude to future adventures? A. Worried. B. Doubtful. C. Expectant. D. Reserved. 7. Why did Max raise money for North Devon hospice? A. To pay the medical bill of his friend. B. To improve the welfare of its medical staff. C. To appreciate its loving care for his friend. D. To update its medical equipment and service. C Not long ago, Linda Khan was sitting by a hospital bed in Houston, feeling ill at ease. Beside her lay her father who needed a heart surgery. The two of them had engaged in nothing but depressing small talk. Then, her eye fell on a pile of books. She picked up one, and started to read it out loud. "Right away it changed the mood and atmosphere," she says. Reading gave the daughter a way to connect with her father. Listening allowed the father travel on the sound of his daughter's voice into a place where he felt himself again. “From then on," Khan says, “I always read to him." In a 2010 survey in the United Kingdom, elderly adults who joined weekly read-aloud groups reported better concentration, less anxiety, and an improved ability to socialize. The survey authors owed these improvements in large part to the “rich, varied diet of serious literature" that group members consumed, with fiction encouraging feelings of relaxation and calm, poetry fostering focused concentration, and narratives giving rise to cognitive (认知的) thoughts, feelings, and memories. In truth, almost any kind of reading to another person can be beneficial. Readers get rewards too. For Neil Bush, the late-life hospitalizations of his famous parents, George H. W. and Barbara Bush, became opportunities to repay a debt of gratitude. “When I was a kid, they would read to me," he said. With his parents in and out of care, “We've been reading books about Dad's foreign policy and, more recently, Mom's autobiography." Bush went on, his voice thick with emotion, “And to read their amazing life to them has been a remarkable blessing to me, personally, as their son." To many people, reading to parents may seem so far outside the normal range of regular activities, and it may even feel odd and improper. However, there are still a lot many who brave the momentary strangeness of reading to elderly adults and both reader and listeners are, to borrow a phrase from Wordsworth, surprised by the joy of it. 8. What did reading offer to Linda and her father? A A way to establish a bond. B. A way to travel together in reality. C. A way to treat the disease. D. A way to engage in learning. 9. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Improvements in mental health. B. Benefits of reading to others. C. Changes in cognitive process. D. Development of social skills. 10. What does Neil Bush's experience prove? A. Reading benefits more than the listener B. Parents should red more to their kids. C. Children should show their gratitude. D. Reading to parents is children's duty 11. How does the author feel about reading to an elderly adult? A Improper and odd. B. Abnormal but worthy. C. Rewarding and joyful. D. Interesting but unnecessary. D Humans are not the animal kingdom’s only super fans of fashion. Tits (山雀) can be fashion-victims, too, apparently. A study, published in Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology by Sonja Wild and Lucy Aplin, shows that, given the chance, they decorate their nests with this season’s must-have color. Dr Wild and Dr Aplin were following up work published in 1934 by Henry Smith Williams, an American naturalist. He noticed that when he put various colored balls of wool out in his garden, almost always one and only one became popular that season, integrated into local bird’s nests. But which particular color was favored varied from season to season. This suggested that the color chosen by one of the early birds was spotted and copied by others. Williams’s work was, however, forgotten until Dr Wild and Dr Aplin came across it while following up on a different study. The study noted that, during any given breeding (繁殖) season, the blue tits they were investigating tended to integrate the same herbal plants into their nests regardless of how abundant those herbs actually were. This, too, suggested fashion-following, and it likewise led Dr Wild and Dr Aplin to infer that birds were studying the nests of others and copying them. They therefore set out to rerun Williams’s experiment, but this time to collect some actual numbers. The birds they followed were part of a well-monitored population of blue, great and marsh tits in a wood near the institute. Of the 68 tits nests built that season in the experimental areas, 26 contained wool, including 18 of the color of wool chosen by the first nest builder. Tits, then, do seem to be “on trend” when it comes to nest-building materials. Why that should happen remains obscure. Dr Wild and Dr Aplin suspect the trendsetters are older birds, and younger ones simply follow. Williams’s original work, though, suggests such initial choices are random. A bit like those of the leaders of human fashions. 12. What do we know about tits from the first two paragraphs? A. Tits favored wool to build their nests. B. Tits tend to copy others in building their nests. C. Tits choose the same color throughout the year. D. Tits like to follow fellow birds’ behavior in most cases. 13. Why did Dr Wild and Dr Aplin rerun William’s experiment? A. To offer guidance for William. B. To study birds’ nests. C. To investigate bird breeding. D. To prove birds’ modelling behavior. 14. What does the underlined word “obscure” in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Evident. B. Shallow. C. Complicated. D. Unclear. 15. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Tits: Fashion Followers B. Nest Building: Colors First C. Birds: Human Followers D. Scientific Research: Number First 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） Think back to your last presentation. ____16____ And were they engaged in what you were saying? While you may think yourself to be a great speaker, it is not particularly hard to annoy your audience. Here are the top three annoying habits in a presentation and tips to help you avoid them. Reading the presentation The most annoying presentation habit is also one of the easiest to fall victim to. With a visual aid, you tend to look back and read what you have already written. ____17____ By reading your slides, you show no additional information, and therefore give your audience no reason to keep listening once they have finished reading the slide themselves. One guideline I find especially effective is to ensure each slide has no more than six main points, and no more than six words per point. ____18____ And your audience will be more focused on what you are saying. No knowledge of the subject matter ____19____ The more prepared you are, the better you can effectively avoid sounding like you’ve never even heard of your topic before. So in order to show your audience you know your stuff, getting ready will make all the difference. Using too many “umms” and “uhhs” The third most annoying habit was using many “umms” and “uhhs”, a symptom of not communicating effectively. This could be a result of stage fright, but more often than not these interjections (感叹词) happen unconsciously. ____20____ One tip for avoiding this is to practice your presentation multiple times beforehand, out loud. The more you practice, the more likely you can catch yourself before letting the “umms” and “uhhs” slip out. A. Was it boring? B. Were people interested? C. It helps you to save your time. D. This stops you overloading your slides with information. E. Despite how innocent they seem, they can ruin your credibility. F. Avoiding this annoying habit comes down to one factor: preparation. G. However, all this shows that you can do what your audience can as well. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） For me, nothing is more satisfying than discovering hidden gems (美妙绝伦的事物) in secondhand shops and estate sales. After all, one person’s trash (废物) is another person’s ____21____. I have collected more than 50,000 of these items. I’ve also set up a social media account to help ____22____ items with their owners. The first item I ____23____ was a VHS tape of a family holiday. It was a video of two parents and a son wearing a T-shirt with the words “Wesleyan swimming” on it. My social media ____24____ asked swimming coaches across the US if they recognised the student. After just a few days, someone identified him and we ____25____ him down on social media. He couldn’t believe it. He then ____26____ some of the movies with his own sons. People are often quite ____27____ when we get in touch——most of these items are lost after a house move: the people clearing someone’s ____28____ don’t always know what they’re getting rid of. Sometimes people ____29____ a camera to a charity shop and forget to take the memory card out. I’ve also heard _____30_____ about people having to sell the contents of their storage units. I have some _____31_____, including not sharing sensitive photographs and removing posts if the family does not want their memories _____32_____. Without social media, this project would not be _____33_____. Every family I’ve contacted has been _____34_____ to have their memories back. I want to inspire people to _____35_____ their own family history and memorabilia (纪念品) so that they don’t end up getting lost. 21. A. duty B. strength C. medicine D. treasure 22. A. reunite B. exchange C. share D. package 23. A. sold B. purchased C. posted D. admired 24. A. followers B. monitors C. customers D. designers 25. A. guided B. tracked C. let D. settled 26. A. shot B. downloaded C. recreated D. contributed 27. A. embarrassed B. optimistic C. emotional D. confident 28. A. way B. calendar C. mind D. stuff 29. A. display B. donate C. rent D. return 30. A. notices B. deals C. stories D. advertisements 31. A. rules B. demands C. aims D. plans 32. A. apart B. away C. inside D. online 33. A. possible B. tough C. complete D. original 34. A. objective B. careful C. realistic D. grateful 35. A. assess B. preserve C. revise D. comprehend 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Breathing dirty air causes the premature death of at least 1,200 children across Europe each year. Actually, many thousands more ____36____ (trouble) with physical and mental health problems that could have lifelong impacts. ____37____ it comes to air pollution, we can’t think of children ____38____ little adults. They receive more pollution, and it starts in the womb (子宫) and continues in kindergarten and onwards. Children are more exposed to dirty air than adults because they have a ____39____ (fast) breathing rate, are closer to the ground and are outdoors more. They are particularly ____40____ (sense) to dirty air, and pollutants can have a permanent impact on their development. The impacts begin before birth, ____41____ contributes to low birth weight and premature birth. Reducing the ____42____ (source) of air pollution, including road traffic, coal and solid fuel burning, and industrial emissions (排放物), is key. Action should also be taken ____43____ (reduce) the specific risks to children. These could include putting clean air zones around schools, where traffic would ____44____ (restrict) and idling engines (怠速运转) prohibited. Local authorities and schools should also consider _____45_____ (plant) trees, ivy screens and hedge fences around playgrounds. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，为了培养学生的创新精神和劳动技能，上周六你校在图书馆举办了学生现场手工制作比赛。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括： 1. 参赛对象； 2. 比赛过程和结果； 3. 比赛意义。 1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 An on-site craft competition ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 At age 10, I stood in front of my new class, my new classmates looking at me with mild interest as my teacher introduced me. I joined in the middle of the school year. There were 41 students in my new class. I was the 42nd. All my classmates sat in pairs except for this one girl, Kate. I went and sat down next to her and gave her a small, uncertain smile. She smiled in return. The class started and we didn’t talk until lunch time. At lunch time, I pulled out my lunch box, packed by my mother. It had fried rice with home-made cakes and a small box of fruits. Clearly my mom had spent time packing this yummy lunch. This girl took out a small box with bread butter inside. In India, it’s pretty rare for kids to just get bread butter for lunch. The only time I had bread butter for lunch was if my mom was unwell. So I thought that was what the problem here was. I offered her a small part of my lunch and forgot all about it. The next day, she again had bread butter. Well, I thought, her mother might have fallen ill, so she was taking time to recover. I again offered her a part of my lunch. This went on for a week. Then one day, I asked the one question that I shouldn’t have. “Is your mom not well?” In fact, I wasn’t prepared for the answer. Later, I knew that her mother, who worked in a supermarket, was in poor health. She constantly stayed at home with no income. I didn’t know what to do. So I did the most obvious thing. I went home and told my mom that my lunch wasn’t enough and I still felt hungry after eating it. My mom started packing a bigger lunch. And in school, I’d tell Kate that my mom had packed me a lunch too big, so could she please help me finish it? Then I asked her what her favorite dish was. “Naan,” she whispered. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 When I told my mom that I wanted very much to have Naan, she felt puzzled. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I moved out of that school soon after and didn’t stay in touch with Kate. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 厦门六中2023-2024学年高三上学期第三阶段检测 英语试题 本试卷分四部分，共12页。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Which platform does the 10:40 train leave from? A. Platform 2. B. Platform 3. C. Platform 5. 2. Why is Mike so happy? A. He was admitted to college. B. He heard from his parents. C. He won a prize. 3. What time is the man’s appointment? A. At 9:15. B. At 11:00. C. At 11:10. 4. What will the weather be like tomorrow? A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Cloudy. 5 What is the probable relationship between the speakers？ A. Husband and wife. B. Salesman and customer. C. Friends. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What did Karen do during her trip? A. She made some wine. B. She drank some wine. C. She bought some wine. 7. What does Karen think about her trip to Alabama? A. Enjoyable. B. Awful. C. Boring. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. Why does the woman have to move? A. The rent is too high. B. The landlord is selling the place. C. The construction noise is too loud. 9. Where might the woman stay for a while? A. In her parents’. B. In a storeroom. C. In a hotel. 10. What does the woman ask the man to do? A. Pack her stuff. B. Look for a new place. C. Take care of her pet. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A history exam. B. Note-taking. C. A historical story. 12. What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Use symbols. B. Add examples. C. Copy texts. 13. How many pages of notes did the woman take? A. Two. B. Six. C. Seven. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14. What does Andy probably do? A. A tour guide. B. A writer. C. A pilot. 15. Which theme park has the most roller coasters in one park? A. Cedar Point. B. Magic Kingdom. C. Lotte World. 16. What can people do in the parks in China soon? A. Visit dinosaurs in the south. B. Ride the highest roller coaster. C. Watch animals at night. 17. Where does Andy plan to go this year? A. Singapore. B. New York. C. China. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. Who is the speaker talking to? A. Gym members. B. Potential clients. C. Sports trainers. 19. What does the speaker suggest right after you sign up? A. Talking to a specialist. B. Starting your training program. C. Going on a diet. 20. What is the advantage of this gym? A. The classes are free. B. The services are better. C. The pool is always available. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） A Louis Pasteur once said, “Chance favors the prepared mind.” That’s the truth behind the following inventions — the scientists were prepared and were able to see the magic in a mistake. Mauve In 1856, William Perkin was trying to come up with an artificial medicine, but his experiments produced a thick mess. But the more Perkin looked at it, the more he saw a beautiful color in his mess. Turns out he had made mauve, the first-ever synthetic dye (合成染料), which was far better than any natural dyes: the color was brighter, clearer, and didn’t fade or wash out. Superglue This super-sticky substance was discovered by accident — twice! Chemist Harry Coover had been attempting to make clear plastic gun sights, and in 1942 one method he tested produced an extremely quick bonding adhesive (黏合剂). It was useless for his gun sights, though, and he forgot about it until almost ten years later, when he came across it again while developing heat-resistant parts for airplanes. This time he realised its potential, and the product was put on the market. Plastic In 1907, shellac (虫胶) was used in electronics. It was costly, so American chemist Leo Hendrik Baekeland tried to produce an alternative. Instead, his experiments produced a material that could take high temperatures. He later developed it into plastic, and it was soon used in the production of almost everything. Teflon Back in the 1930s, Young DuPont chemist Roy Plunkett was working to make a new kind of CFC for refrigeration. After storing the gas in certain containers, he opened one to discover that it had changed into a white powder that was extremely sticky and had a very high melting point. Three years later, the substance, which was named Teflon, was patented. 1. Which invention came out earliest? A. Mauve. B. Superglue. C. Plastic. D. Teflon. 2. Who recognized the value of his original invention when developing airplane parts? A. William Perkin. B. Harry Coover. C. Leo Hendrik. D. Roy Plunkett. 3. What do the inventions have in common? A. They were made by accident. B. They could take high temperatures. C. They received no recognition at first. D. They could be used in medical fields. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了科学家在偶然的错误中发现的几项伟大发明。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一部分的In 1856，第二部分的in 1942，第三部分的In 1907以及第四部分的Back in the 1930s可知，Mauve是最早发明的。故选A项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Superglue中“Chemist Harry Coover had been attempting to make clear plastic gun sights, and in 1942 one method he tested produced an extremely quick bonding adhesive (黏合剂). It was useless for his gun sights, though, and he forgot about it until almost ten years later, when he came across it again while developing heat-resistant parts for airplanes. This time he realised its potential, and the product was put on the market.”（化学家哈里·库弗(Harry Coover)一直在尝试制造清晰的塑料枪瞄准具，1942年，他测试了一种方法，产生了一种极快的粘合粘合剂。然而，它对他的枪瞄准具毫无用处，直到近十年后，他才把它忘了，当时他在开发飞机的耐热部件时再次发现了它。这一次，他意识到了它的潜力，并将产品推向了市场。）可知，Harry Coover在开发飞机零件时认识到他的原始发明的价值。故选B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Louis Pasteur once said, “Chance favors the prepared mind.” That’s the truth behind the following inventions — the scientists were prepared and were able to see the magic in a mistake.”（路易斯·巴斯德曾经说过:“机会总是青睐有准备的人。”这就是以下发明背后的真相——科学家们准备好了，并且能够在错误中看到奇迹）可知，这几项发明都是在偶然的错误中发明出来的。故选A项。 B Most 13-year-olds might have spent those three years preoccupied with schoolwork or hanging out with mates. One teenager, however, spent his nights sleeping in a tent to raise money for the hospice (临终安养院) that looked after his friend. Now, Max Woosey — who became known as the Boy in the Tent during his young years-long fundraising campaign — has decided to go back indoors after three years and more than £700,000 in charitable donations. “I love camping, it’s one of my favourite things and I’m definitely going to miss it,” he said. “I think that highlight would have to be the second camp out, because that year was the hardest.” “The first year was quite nice but the second was colder and there were worse storms. It was really meaningful for me because all my friends and family were there.” He said that although the wind and the rain proved to be tricky adversaries (对手), it was last summer’s heatwave that almost forced him to return to the comforts of his bedroom. “Honestly, it was horrible, and when there’s a heatwave your tent turns into a greenhouse. It was absolutely boiling,” he said. On the prospect of sleeping inside on a regular basis again, he said: “I think it’s going to be weird (怪异的) the first few nights but I think it is time to come inside now. There are future adventures we are hoping can become possible. It is going to be strange but I’m just going to have to get over it.” Speaking to ITV’s Good Morning Britain, he said: “My friend Rick was absolutely amazing. He loved the outdoors, he loved sports and we got along really well. The North Devon hospice just took brilliant care of him and I wanted to say thank you in the biggest way I could. So I started sleeping outside and I tried to raise as much money as I could for them.” Donations will go to North Devon hospice. Stephen Roberts, its chief executive, told the ITV: “The funds he raised for North Devon hospice in this time will make a real difference to the patients and families we support.” 4. What has Max been engaged in for three years? A. Doing charity camping. B. Hanging out with friends. C. Looking after his friend. D. Donating tents to the hospice. 5. What was the biggest challenge for Max while he camped out? A. Terrible storms. B. Extreme heat. C. Freezing weather. D. Desperate loneliness. 6. What is Max’s attitude to future adventures? A. Worried. B. Doubtful. C. Expectant. D. Reserved. 7. Why did Max raise money for North Devon hospice? A. To pay the medical bill of his friend. B. To improve the welfare of its medical staff. C. To appreciate its loving care for his friend. D. To update its medical equipment and service. 【答案】4. A 5. B 6. C 7. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述13岁少年Max Woosey通过在野外露营来进行慈善筹款的故事。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“One teenager, however, spent his nights sleeping in a tent to raise money for the hospice (临终安养院) that looked after his friend. Now, Max Woosey — who became known as the Boy in the Tent during his young years-long fundraising campaign — has decided to go back indoors after three years and more than £700,000 in charitable donations (然而，有一位少年连续数晚睡在帐篷里，为照料他朋友的临终安养院筹款。如今，马克斯·伍西——在他多年的青少年筹款活动中被称为“帐篷里的男孩”——在三年时间里募集了超过70万英镑的善款后，决定回归室内生活)”可知，马克斯三年来一直在进行慈善露营活动。故选A。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“He said that although the wind and the rain proved to be tricky adversaries (对手), it was last summer’s heatwave that almost forced him to return to the comforts of his bedroom. “Honestly, it was horrible, and when there’s a heatwave your tent turns into a greenhouse. It was absolutely boiling,” he said (他说，尽管风雨是难缠的阻碍，但去年夏天的热浪几乎迫使他回到舒适的卧室。“说实话，那太可怕了，热浪来袭时，帐篷就变成了温室，简直酷热难耐，”他说道)”可知，马克斯露营时面临的最大挑战是极端高温。故选B。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“There are future adventures we are hoping can become possible (我们希望未来能有更多可能的冒险)”可知，马克斯对未来的冒险充满期待。故选C。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段“The North Devon hospice just took brilliant care of him and I wanted to say thank you in the biggest way I could. So I started sleeping outside and I tried to raise as much money as I could for them (北德文郡临终安养院把他照顾得非常好，我想用最大的方式来表达感谢。于是我开始睡在外面，努力为他们筹集尽可能多的钱)”可知，马克斯为这家安养院筹款是为了感谢它对自己朋友的悉心照料。故选C。 C Not long ago, Linda Khan was sitting by a hospital bed in Houston, feeling ill at ease. Beside her lay her father who needed a heart surgery. The two of them had engaged in nothing but depressing small talk. Then, her eye fell on a pile of books. She picked up one, and started to read it out loud. "Right away it changed the mood and atmosphere," she says. Reading gave the daughter a way to connect with her father. Listening allowed the father travel on the sound of his daughter's voice into a place where he felt himself again. “From then on," Khan says, “I always read to him." In a 2010 survey in the United Kingdom, elderly adults who joined weekly read-aloud groups reported better concentration, less anxiety, and an improved ability to socialize. The survey authors owed these improvements in large part to the “rich, varied diet of serious literature" that group members consumed, with fiction encouraging feelings of relaxation and calm, poetry fostering focused concentration, and narratives giving rise to cognitive (认知的) thoughts, feelings, and memories. In truth, almost any kind of reading to another person can be beneficial. Readers get rewards too. For Neil Bush, the late-life hospitalizations of his famous parents, George H. W. and Barbara Bush, became opportunities to repay a debt of gratitude. “When I was a kid, they would read to me," he said. With his parents in and out of care, “We've been reading books about Dad's foreign policy and, more recently, Mom's autobiography." Bush went on, his voice thick with emotion, “And to read their amazing life to them has been a remarkable blessing to me, personally, as their son." To many people, reading to parents may seem so far outside the normal range of regular activities, and it may even feel odd and improper. However, there are still a lot many who brave the momentary strangeness of reading to elderly adults and both reader and listeners are, to borrow a phrase from Wordsworth, surprised by the joy of it. 8. What did reading offer to Linda and her father? A. A way to establish a bond. B. A way to travel together in reality. C. A way to treat the disease. D. A way to engage in learning. 9. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Improvements in mental health. B. Benefits of reading to others. C. Changes in cognitive process. D. Development of social skills. 10. What does Neil Bush's experience prove? A. Reading benefits more than the listener B. Parents should red more to their kids. C. Children should show their gratitude. D. Reading to parents is children's duty 11. How does the author feel about reading to an elderly adult? A. Improper and odd. B. Abnormal but worthy. C. Rewarding and joyful. D. Interesting but unnecessary. 【答案】8. A 9. B 10. A 11. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是说明文。文章以琳达通过给住院的父亲读书，从而找到了与父亲建立联系的方法为引子，介绍了读书给别人听的各种好处，并鼓励年轻人读书给老人听。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Reading gave the daughter a way to connect with her father.(阅读给女儿提供了一种与父亲联系的方式)”可知，阅读给琳达和她的父亲提供了一种建立联系的方法。故选A。 【9题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段的“In a 2010 survey in the United Kingdom, elderly adults who joined weekly read-aloud groups reported better concentration, less anxiety, and an improved ability to socialize.(2010年在英国进行的一项调查中，参加每周朗读小组的老年人注意力更加集中，焦虑程度更低，社交能力也有所提高)”可知，本段主要讲述阅读不仅可以提高注意力，改善焦虑，还可以提高社交技能，B选项是A项、C项、D项的总结，单独的A项C项D项均不完整，故选B。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。第三段首段“Readers get rewards too. (阅读者也会有收获)”，说明阅读对阅读者也有收获，紧接着以Bush的故事来论证这个观点，因此推断从Bush的经历可以证明阅读不仅仅使听者获益，故选A。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“However, there are still a lot many who brave the momentary strangeness of reading to elderly adults and both reader and listeners are, to borrow a phrase from Wordsworth, surprised by the joy of it.(然而，仍然有很多人勇敢地面对对老年人阅读的短暂的陌生感，读者和听众都要借用华兹华斯的一句话，对它的喜悦感到惊讶)”可知，作者认为读者和听者都会为阅读的快乐所震惊，因此推断作者对为老人阅读的态度是收获良多且快乐，故选C。 D Humans are not the animal kingdom’s only super fans of fashion. Tits (山雀) can be fashion-victims, too, apparently. A study, published in Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology by Sonja Wild and Lucy Aplin, shows that, given the chance, they decorate their nests with this season’s must-have color. Dr Wild and Dr Aplin were following up work published in 1934 by Henry Smith Williams, an American naturalist. He noticed that when he put various colored balls of wool out in his garden, almost always one and only one became popular that season, integrated into local bird’s nests. But which particular color was favored varied from season to season. This suggested that the color chosen by one of the early birds was spotted and copied by others. Williams’s work was, however, forgotten until Dr Wild and Dr Aplin came across it while following up on a different study. The study noted that, during any given breeding (繁殖) season, the blue tits they were investigating tended to integrate the same herbal plants into their nests regardless of how abundant those herbs actually were. This, too, suggested fashion-following, and it likewise led Dr Wild and Dr Aplin to infer that birds were studying the nests of others and copying them. They therefore set out to rerun Williams’s experiment, but this time to collect some actual numbers. The birds they followed were part of a well-monitored population of blue, great and marsh tits in a wood near the institute. Of the 68 tits nests built that season in the experimental areas, 26 contained wool, including 18 of the color of wool chosen by the first nest builder. Tits, then, do seem to be “on trend” when it comes to nest-building materials. Why that should happen remains obscure. Dr Wild and Dr Aplin suspect the trendsetters are older birds, and younger ones simply follow. Williams’s original work, though, suggests such initial choices are random. A bit like those of the leaders of human fashions. 12. What do we know about tits from the first two paragraphs? A. Tits favored wool to build their nests. B. Tits tend to copy others in building their nests. C. Tits choose the same color throughout the year. D. Tits like to follow fellow birds’ behavior in most cases. 13. Why did Dr Wild and Dr Aplin rerun William’s experiment? A. To offer guidance for William. B. To study birds’ nests. C. To investigate bird breeding. D. To prove birds’ modelling behavior. 14. What does the underlined word “obscure” in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Evident. B. Shallow. C. Complicated. D. Unclear. 15. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Tits: Fashion Followers B. Nest Building: Colors First C. Birds: Human Followers D. Scientific Research: Number First 【答案】12. B 13. D 14. D 15. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项发表在《行为生态学和社会生物学》的研究，该研究发现山雀在筑巢时会追随“时尚”，选择当季受欢迎的羊毛颜色来装饰巢穴，研究者通过重复实验验证了这一现象，并探讨了背后可能的原因。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“This suggested that the color chosen by one of the early birds was spotted and copied by others (这表明最早筑巢的鸟儿所选的颜色会被其他同类发现并模仿)”可知，山雀在筑巢时存在模仿其他同类的行为。故选B。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“This, too, suggested fashion-following, and it likewise led Dr Wild and Dr Aplin to infer that birds were studying the nests of others and copying them. They therefore set out to rerun Williams’s experiment, but this time to collect some actual numbers (这同样表明存在追随时尚的现象，也让怀尔德博士和阿普林博士推断鸟类会观察并模仿其他同类的巢穴。因此，他们着手重复威廉姆斯的实验，不过这次要收集一些确切的数据)”可知，两位博士重复实验的目的是为了验证鸟类存在模仿行为。故选D。 【14题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段“Why that should happen remains obscure. Dr Wild and Dr Aplin suspect the trendsetters are older birds, and younger ones simply follow. Williams’s original work, though, suggests such initial choices are random (这种现象为何会发生仍obscure。怀尔德博士和阿普林博士猜测，引领潮流的是年长的鸟类，年幼的鸟类只是单纯模仿。不过威廉姆斯最初的研究表明，这种初始的颜色选择是随机的)”可知，后文两位博士的猜测和威廉姆斯的观点并不一致，说明这一现象的原因还没有定论。由此可推测obscure的含义是“不清楚的”。故选D。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开篇点明核心观点——山雀也会追随时尚，在筑巢时选择当季受欢迎的颜色，随后通过实验验证了这一观点，并探讨了现象背后的原因。选项A“山雀：时尚追随者”精准概括了全文主旨，符合主题，适合用作标题。故选A。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） Think back to your last presentation. ____16____ And were they engaged in what you were saying? While you may think yourself to be a great speaker, it is not particularly hard to annoy your audience. Here are the top three annoying habits in a presentation and tips to help you avoid them. Reading the presentation The most annoying presentation habit is also one of the easiest to fall victim to. With a visual aid, you tend to look back and read what you have already written. ____17____ By reading your slides, you show no additional information, and therefore give your audience no reason to keep listening once they have finished reading the slide themselves. One guideline I find especially effective is to ensure each slide has no more than six main points, and no more than six words per point. ____18____ And your audience will be more focused on what you are saying. No knowledge of the subject matter ____19____ The more prepared you are, the better you can effectively avoid sounding like you’ve never even heard of your topic before. So in order to show your audience you know your stuff, getting ready will make all the difference. Using too many “umms” and “uhhs” The third most annoying habit was using many “umms” and “uhhs”, a symptom of not communicating effectively. This could be a result of stage fright, but more often than not these interjections (感叹词) happen unconsciously. ____20____ One tip for avoiding this is to practice your presentation multiple times beforehand, out loud. The more you practice, the more likely you can catch yourself before letting the “umms” and “uhhs” slip out. A. Was it boring? B. Were people interested? C. It helps you to save your time. D. This stops you overloading your slides with information. E. Despite how innocent they seem, they can ruin your credibility. F. Avoiding this annoying habit comes down to one factor: preparation. G. However, all this shows that you can do what your audience can as well. 【答案】16. B 17. G 18. D 19. F 20. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以回忆自身演讲经历的提问切入，指出即便自认为是优秀演讲者，也容易在演讲中惹恼听众，随后具体介绍了演讲里的三大烦人习惯，以及对应的规避技巧。 【16题详解】 上文“Think back to your last presentation. (回想一下你上一次演讲。)”以回忆演讲的表述引出话题，下文“And were they engaged in what you were saying? (他们是否专注于你所说的内容？)”是一个关于听众状态的疑问句，二者存在并列逻辑。B项“听众们感兴趣吗？”承上启下，与下文的疑问句结构一致、话题相关，共同从听众反应的角度引发读者对自身演讲效果的思考，符合语境。故选B。 【17题详解】 上文“With a visual aid, you tend to look back and read what you have already written. (借助视觉辅助工具时，你往往会回头去读自己已经写好的内容。)”描述了演讲时读幻灯片的行为，下文“By reading your slides, you show no additional information, and therefore give your audience no reason to keep listening once they have finished reading the slide themselves. (读幻灯片的话，你不会展示任何额外信息，因此听众自己读完幻灯片内容后，就没有理由再继续听你讲了。)”阐述了该行为的负面影响。G项“然而，这样做只会表明你能做的事，听众也能做到”承上启下，承接上文读幻灯片的行为，同时为下文阐述该行为的负面影响做铺垫，点明读幻灯片会让演讲失去价值的核心问题，逻辑连贯。故选G。 【18题详解】 上文“One guideline I find especially effective is to ensure each slide has no more than six main points, and no more than six words per point. (我发现一个特别有效的准则是，确保每张幻灯片不超过六个要点，且每个要点不超过六个单词。)”给出了精简幻灯片内容的具体方法，下文“And your audience will be more focused on what you are saying. (这样你的听众会更专注于你所说的内容。)”说明了该方法对听众的积极影响。D项“这能避免你在幻灯片上堆砌过多信息”承上启下，“这”指代上文的幻灯片内容精简准则，解释了该准则的直接作用，同时与下文听众更专注的效果形成因果逻辑，符合段落主旨。故选D。 【19题详解】 该段小标题为“No knowledge of the subject matter (对演讲主题一无所知)”，核心话题是演讲前的准备与对主题的熟悉度，下文“The more prepared you are, the better you can effectively avoid sounding like you’ve never even heard of your topic before. (你准备得越充分，就越能避免让自己听起来好像从未听说过演讲主题一样。)”强调了准备的重要性。F项“避免这个烦人的习惯归根结底只有一个因素：准备”承上启下，直接点出规避“对主题一无所知”这一问题的核心办法是准备，同时呼应下文对准备重要性的阐述，逻辑通顺。故选F。 【20题详解】 上文“The third most annoying habit was using many “umms” and “uhhs”, a symptom of not communicating effectively. This could be a result of stage fright, but more often than not these interjections (感叹词) happen unconsciously. (第三个最烦人的习惯是频繁使用“嗯”和“呃”这类语气词，这是沟通不畅的一种表现。这可能是怯场导致的，但这些感叹词往往是无意识间说出来的。)” 描述了演讲中频繁使用语气词的习惯及其产生原因，下文“One tip for avoiding this is to practice your presentation multiple times beforehand, out loud. (避免这个问题的一个技巧是，提前大声反复练习你的演讲。)”给出了对应的规避技巧。E项“尽管这些语气词看起来无伤大雅，但它们会损害你的可信度”承上启下，点明频繁使用语气词的负面影响，既承接上文对该习惯的描述，又能引出下文规避技巧的介绍，让段落逻辑完整。故选E。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） For me, nothing is more satisfying than discovering hidden gems (美妙绝伦事物) in secondhand shops and estate sales. After all, one person’s trash (废物) is another person’s ____21____. I have collected more than 50,000 of these items. I’ve also set up a social media account to help ____22____ items with their owners. The first item I ____23____ was a VHS tape of a family holiday. It was a video of two parents and a son wearing a T-shirt with the words “Wesleyan swimming” on it. My social media ____24____ asked swimming coaches across the US if they recognised the student. After just a few days, someone identified him and we ____25____ him down on social media. He couldn’t believe it. He then ____26____ some of the movies with his own sons. People are often quite ____27____ when we get in touch——most of these items are lost after a house move: the people clearing someone’s ____28____ don’t always know what they’re getting rid of. Sometimes people ____29____ a camera to a charity shop and forget to take the memory card out. I’ve also heard _____30_____ about people having to sell the contents of their storage units. I have some _____31_____, including not sharing sensitive photographs and removing posts if the family does not want their memories _____32_____. Without social media, this project would not be _____33_____. Every family I’ve contacted has been _____34_____ to have their memories back. I want to inspire people to _____35_____ their own family history and memorabilia (纪念品) so that they don’t end up getting lost. 21. A. duty B. strength C. medicine D. treasure 22. A. reunite B. exchange C. share D. package 23. A. sold B. purchased C. posted D. admired 24. A. followers B. monitors C. customers D. designers 25. A. guided B. tracked C. let D. settled 26. A. shot B. downloaded C. recreated D. contributed 27. A. embarrassed B. optimistic C. emotional D. confident 28. A. way B. calendar C. mind D. stuff 29. A. display B. donate C. rent D. return 30. A. notices B. deals C. stories D. advertisements 31. A. rules B. demands C. aims D. plans 32. A. apart B. away C. inside D. online 33. A. possible B. tough C. complete D. original 34. A. objective B. careful C. realistic D. grateful 35. A. assess B. preserve C. revise D. comprehend 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者建立了一个社交媒体账户帮助人们找回丢失的物品并鼓励人们保存这些记忆。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，一个人的废物可能是另一个人的宝贝。A. duty责任；B. strength力量；C. medicine药物；D. treasure宝藏，宝贝。根据前文“one person’s trash (废物) is another person’s”可知，废物和宝贝形成对比。故选D项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我还建立了一个社交媒体账户，帮助物品与失主重聚。A. reunite重聚；B. exchange交换；C. share分享；D. package打包。根据语境和后文“items with their owners”可知，物品与主人重聚。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我发布的第一个物品是家庭度假的VHS录像带。A. sold出售；B. purchased购买；C. posted发布；D. admired欣赏。根据前文“I’ve also set up a social media account”可知，作者在社交媒体发布了录像带。故选C项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的社交媒体粉丝问美国各地的游泳教练，他们是否认出了这名学生。A. followers追随者，粉丝；B. monitors监督员，监察员；C. customers顾客；D. designers设计者。根据语境和前文“The first item I ____3____ was a VHS tape of a family holiday.”和“My social media”可知，作者的粉丝看了录像。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天后，有人认出了他，我们在社交媒体上找到了他。A. guided引导；B. tracked跟踪，找到；C. let让；D. settled解决。根据前文“someone identified him”可知，作者他们在社交媒体上找到了他。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他和自己的儿子一起重新创作了其中的一些视频。A. shot拍摄；B. downloaded下载；C. recreated再创造，再创作；D. contributed贡献。根据前文“It was a video of two parents and a son”可知，他们找回录像之后，重新创作了一些视频。故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们与他们取得联系时，他们通常情绪激动——这些物品大多是在搬家后丢失的：清理物品的人并不总是知道他们丢掉了什么。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. optimistic乐观的；C. emotional情绪激动的；D. confident自信的。根据后文“when we get in touch”及“most of these items are lost after a house move: the people clearing someone’s ____8____ don’t always know what they’re getting rid of”可知，他们的东西失而复得，情绪很激动。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们与他们取得联系时，他们通常情绪激动——这些物品大多是在搬家后丢失的：清理物品的人并不总是知道他们丢掉了什么。A. way方式；B. calendar日历；C. mind头脑；D. stuff东西。根据前文“most of these items are lost after a house move”可知，他们不知道丢了什么东西。故选D项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时人们把相机捐给慈善商店，却忘了取出存储卡。A. display显示；B. donate捐赠；C. rent租赁；D. return返还。根据前文“a charity shop”可知，他们捐赠给了慈善商店。故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我也听说过人们不得不卖掉他们存储单元的内容的故事。A. notices通知；B. deals交易；C. stories故事；D. advertisements广告。根据后文“people having to sell the contents of their storage units”可知，作者听说过一些故事。故选C项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有一些规则，包括不分享敏感照片，如果家人不希望他们的记忆在网上，就删除帖子。A. rules规则；B. demands要求；C. aims目标；D. plans计划。根据后文“including not sharing sensitive photographs and removing posts if the family does not want their memories ____12____”可知，作者有一些规则。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我有一些规则，包括不分享敏感照片，如果家人不希望他们的记忆在网上，就删除帖子。A. apart分开地；B. away远离地；C. inside在里面；D. online在线上，在网上。根据前文“I’ve also set up a social media account”可知，此处指在网上。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有社交媒体，这个项目就不可能实现。A. possible可能的；B. tough艰难的；C. complete完整的；D. original起初的。根据前文“Without social media”可知，没有社交媒体，项目不可能实现。故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我联系过的每个家庭都很感激帮他们找回了记忆。A. objective客观的；B. careful小心的；C. realistic现实的；D. grateful感激的。根据语境和后文“to have their memories back.”可知，他们是感激的。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想鼓励人们保存自己的家族史和纪念品，这样他们就不会迷路。A. assess评价；B. preserve保存；C. revise修订；D. comprehend理解。通读全文，根据前文“Every family I’ve contacted has been ____14____ to have their memories back.”可知，作者鼓励人们保存家族史和纪念品。故选B项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Breathing dirty air causes the premature death of at least 1,200 children across Europe each year. Actually, many thousands more ____36____ (trouble) with physical and mental health problems that could have lifelong impacts. ____37____ it comes to air pollution, we can’t think of children ____38____ little adults. They receive more pollution, and it starts in the womb (子宫) and continues in kindergarten and onwards. Children are more exposed to dirty air than adults because they have a ____39____ (fast) breathing rate, are closer to the ground and are outdoors more. They are particularly ____40____ (sense) to dirty air, and pollutants can have a permanent impact on their development. The impacts begin before birth, ____41____ contributes to low birth weight and premature birth. Reducing the ____42____ (source) of air pollution, including road traffic, coal and solid fuel burning, and industrial emissions (排放物), is key. Action should also be taken ____43____ (reduce) the specific risks to children. These could include putting clean air zones around schools, where traffic would ____44____ (restrict) and idling engines (怠速运转) prohibited. Local authorities and schools should also consider _____45_____ (plant) trees, ivy screens and hedge fences around playgrounds. 【答案】36. are troubled 37. When 38. as 39. faster 40. sensitive 41. which 42. sources 43. to reduce 44. be restricted 45. planting 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了空气污染对人们造成的影响以及一些解决措施。 【36题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：事实上，成千上万的人受到身心健康问题的困扰，这些问题可能会对他们的一生产生影响。谓语动词trouble与主语many thousands more是被动的关系，此处叙述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态。主谓一致，故填are troubled。 【37题详解】 考查从属连词。句意：当谈到空气污染时，我们不能把孩子当作小大人。when it comes to...“当谈到……”是固定句式，when引导时间状语从句，符合句意。句首字母大写，故填When。 【38题详解】 考查介词。句意：当谈到空气污染时，我们不能把孩子当作小大人。think of...as...“把……当作……”是固定搭配，介词as意为“作为”。故填as。 【39题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：儿童比成年人更容易暴露在污浊的空气中，因为他们的呼吸频率更快，离地面更近，户外活动更多。根据句中more和closer等句意可知，此处应用形容词比较级作定语。故填faster。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它们对污浊的空气特别敏感，污染物会对它们的发展产生永久性的影响。根据前文are可知，此处应用其形容词作表语，be sensitive to...“对……敏感”是固定搭配。故填sensitive。 【41题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这些影响在出生前就开始了，这会导致体重过低和早产。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个句子，关系代词which引导从句，在从句中作主语。故填which。 【42题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：减少空气污染源，包括道路交通、煤炭和固体燃料燃烧以及工业排放物，是关键。后文列举了road traffic, coal and solid fuel burning, and industrial emissions这三种污染源，应用source的复数形式作宾语。故填sources。 【43题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：还应采取措施来减少空气污染对儿童的具体风险。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作状语，表目的。故填to reduce。 44题详解】 考查含情态动词的被动语态。句意：这些措施可能包括在学校周围设立清洁空气区，在那里交通将受到限制，发动机怠速运转被禁止。动词restrict和主语traffic之间是被动关系，应用其被动结构be done，和would构成含情态动词的被动语态。故填be restricted。 【45题详解】 考查动名词。句意：地方当局和学校也应该考虑在操场周围种植树木、常春藤屏障和篱笆。consider doing sth“考虑做某事”是固定短语，动名词planting作consider的宾语。故填planting。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，为了培养学生的创新精神和劳动技能，上周六你校在图书馆举办了学生现场手工制作比赛。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括： 1. 参赛对象； 2. 比赛过程和结果； 3. 比赛意义。 1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯 An on-site craft competition ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: An on-site craft competition An on-site craft competition was held in our school library last Saturday, which was aimed at developing students’ innovative spirit and labor skills. The participants selected from all the classes were required to create a craft in the given time. After an hour, a variety of awesome works were presented, including vivid wooden carvings and lifelike clay animals. Finally, the completed works were judged, ten of which received awards. The competition was a great success. Not only did it provide the students with a platform to demonstrate their talents, but also it stimulated their interest in exploring their creativity. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就上周六学校在图书馆举办的学生现场手工制作比赛的过程、对象、结果和意义进行报道。 【详解】1.词汇积累 旨在做……：be aimed at doing→be designed to do 培养：develop→cultivate 各种各样的：a variety of→various 激发：stimulate→motivate 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：After an hour, a variety of awesome works were presented, including vivid wooden carvings and lifelike clay animals. 拓展句：After an hour, a variety of awesome works were presented, which included vivid wooden carvings and lifelike clay animals. 【点睛】【高分句型1】An on-site craft competition was held in our school library last Saturday, which was aimed at developing students’ innovative spirit and labor skills.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句，动名词短语作宾语） 【高分句型2】Not only did it provide the students with a platform to demonstrate their talents, but also it stimulated their interest in exploring their creativity.（运用了not only引导的倒装句，动词不定式作目的状语，动名词作宾语） 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 At age 10, I stood in front of my new class, my new classmates looking at me with mild interest as my teacher introduced me. I joined in the middle of the school year. There were 41 students in my new class. I was the 42nd. All my classmates sat in pairs except for this one girl, Kate. I went and sat down next to her and gave her a small, uncertain smile. She smiled in return. The class started and we didn’t talk until lunch time. At lunch time, I pulled out my lunch box, packed by my mother. It had fried rice with home-made cakes and a small box of fruits. Clearly my mom had spent time packing this yummy lunch. This girl took out a small box with bread butter inside. In India, it’s pretty rare for kids to just get bread butter for lunch. The only time I had bread butter for lunch was if my mom was unwell. So I thought that was what the problem here was. I offered her a small part of my lunch and forgot all about it. The next day, she again had bread butter. Well, I thought, her mother might have fallen ill, so she was taking time to recover. I again offered her a part of my lunch. This went on for a week. Then one day, I asked the one question that I shouldn’t have. “Is your mom not well?” In fact, I wasn’t prepared for the answer. Later, I knew that her mother, who worked in a supermarket, was in poor health. She constantly stayed at home with no income. I didn’t know what to do. So I did the most obvious thing. I went home and told my mom that my lunch wasn’t enough and I still felt hungry after eating it. My mom started packing a bigger lunch. And in school, I’d tell Kate that my mom had packed me a lunch too big, so could she please help me finish it? Then I asked her what her favorite dish was. “Naan,” she whispered. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 When I told my mom that I wanted very much to have Naan, she felt puzzled. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I moved out of that school soon after and didn’t stay in touch with Kate. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When I told my mom that I wanted very much to have Naan, she felt puzzled. Naan was not a common dish in our household, and my mom wasn’t sure if she could prepare it, but she promised she would try. The next day, I was thrilled to find that my lunch box now contained a piece of Naan, and I eagerly shared it with Kate. Seeing her smiling face made me feel really happy inside. From that day on, my mom would occasionally pack some Indian delicacies for me to share with Kate, and I would be more than happy to do so. I moved out of that school soon after and didn't stay in touch with Kate. However, this experience taught me an important lesson about kindness and understanding. Often we judge people too quickly, without realizing their underlying struggles. While it may seem small, sharing my lunch with Kate helped me to connect with her on a deeper level and to understand her better. As I grew older, I would try to apply this lesson in my daily life – to be a little kinder, a little more empathetic, and a little more understanding of people's struggles. 【解析】 【导语】本文以回忆为线索，叙述了作者和同桌Kate相遇后，了解到她家庭情况后，决定与母亲一起帮助Kate的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“当我告诉我妈妈我非常想要馕饼时，她感到困惑”可知，第一段可描写作者发现母亲给他准他了馕饼，并与Kate分享。 ②由第二段首句内容“不久之后，我就搬出了那所学校，没有和凯特保持联系”可知，第二段可描写作者对自己的经历的感悟。 2.续写线索：告诉母亲——看到馕饼——分享——搬出学校——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①分享：share/divide/split ②准备：prepare/intend/draw up ③判断：judge/estimate/assess 情绪类 ①开心：happy/content/joyous ②激动：thrill/excit/amaze 【点睛】[高分句型1]Seeing her smiling face made me feel really happy inside. (动名词做主语) [高分句型2]As I grew older, I would try to apply this lesson in my daily life – to be a little kinder, a little more empathetic, and a little more understanding of people's struggles. （由As引导的时间状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $