定语从句介词+关系代词及定语从句的写作运用知识清单-2026届高三英语一轮复习

定语从句 —— 介词+关系代词及定语从句的写作运用 学习目标 本节课结束，你能够： 1．正确选择“介词+关系代词”中的介词和关系代词； 2．准确运用定语从句描述事物，表达感情，进行沟通和写作，实现交际目的。 学习过程 新知讲解 “介词+关系代词”中关系代词的选择 材料① (a) The person to whom you should write is Mr. Hall. (b) This is the station in which I met him yesterday. (c) This area was struck by floods from whose effect people are still suffering. 1．观察材料①中的例句及画线部分可知，在“介词+关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句当中，关系代词有三种选择：先行词指_____时，关系代词用_________ ；先行词指_____时，关系代词用_________ ；先行词在从句中充当_____语时，关系代词用_________。 2．注意：介词后要用关系代词的_____格形式，且介词后不用__________。 “介词+关系代词”中介词的选择 材料② I remember the day on which I settled in Beijing. I remember the year in which I settled in Beijing. Old people really enjoy the speed _____ which their messages get sent and answered after learning how to use WeChat. 1．观察材料②中的例句发现，“介词+关系代词”中介词的选择可以根据_______ 的搭配习惯来确定。 2．在材料②中例句的横线处填入适当的介词。 材料③ This is the book on which I spent five dollars. This is the book for which I paid five dollars. He is an expert on rice planting _____ whom the local villagers have learnt a lot. 3．观察材料③中的例句发现，“介词+关系代词”中介词的选择可以根据定语从句中的________与介词的搭配习惯来确定。常见的搭配有：talk to sb., wait for sb., work with sb., discuss sth. with sb., argue with sb. about sth.等。 4．在材料③中例句的横线处填入适当的介词。 注意：有些动词与介词放在一起才能表达固定的含义，此类情况不可把介词与动词分开，不用“介词+关系代词”。如：This is the book which she is looking for，不可以写作 This is the book for which she is looking 。常见的搭配有：look at/for/after/forward to, take care of, care for, depend on, pay attention to, catch/keep up with, listen to, hear of/from 等。 材料④ The child about whom I’m worried is Tom. This is the movie of which I am afraid. China is a large country with a long history _____ which we are greatly proud. 5．观察材料④中的例句发现，“介词+关系代词”中介词的选择可以根据定语从句中的_______与介词的搭配习惯来确定。 6．在材料④中例句的横线处填入适当的介词。 材料⑤ My computer, without which I can’t work, crashed yesterday. This is the pilot by whom my son was saved. The naughty boy made a hole in the wall _______ which he could see what was happening outside. 第 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 7．观察材料⑤中的例句发现，“介词+关系代词”中介词的选择还可以根据________所表达的意义来确定。 8．在材料⑤中例句的横线处填入适当的介词。 写作中的定语从句 1．假定你是李华，想要申请成为学生会宣传部的一员，请你写一封申请信，陈述自己的理由和优势，你会如何开始表达？ 例：我能胜任这个职位的原因如下。 The _________ why I am qualified for this position is as follows. 2．成为宣传部的一员之后，学校将举办一次“中国传统文化节”，你想写一封邀请信，邀请外教 Ryan 来参加这次文化节，你会如何表达？ 例：这里会有许多有趣的活动，从这些活动当中，你可以更深刻地体会到中国传统文化。 There will be many interesting activities _______ ________ you can have a deeper insight into traditional Chinese culture. 例：此外，文化节上还会举办一场剪纸展览，在展览中，你也可以进一步地感受中国传统手工的魅力。 In addition, there will also be a paper-cutting exhibition during the festival _______________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．Ryan 对文化节大加赞赏，但他不久之后就要结束自己在中国的教学生涯，回到自己的国家去，你想写一封感谢信，表达自己对于 Ryan 的感激之情，可以如何表达？ 例：我会一直记得这段时光，在这段时光里，你不遗余力地帮助我解决英语问题。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 学以致用 1. Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions or relative pronouns. (1) She wondered whether he had someone to _______ he could talk freely. (2) Physics is the subject in our school _____ which every student is interested. (3) We’re amazed at the means _____ which ancient Egyptians moved the stones. (4) A relationship with a true friend _____ whom you can turn in trouble will surely produce fruit. (5) The police arrested (逮捕) the very man in __________ backpack I found my lost wallet. 2. Write the sentences using relative clauses. 假如你校打算为留学生举办一场主题为“穿汉服，学书法”的中国传统文化体验活动，你作为学生会的一员，需要根据以下内容将通知补充完整，请你运用定语从句写出下列句子。 （1）告知留学生活动的目的： ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ （2）介绍活动内容： ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ （3）邀请对中国传统文化有兴趣的同学来参加： ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 课堂小结 学习过程答案 “介词+关系代词”中关系代词的选择 1. 人 whom 物 which 定 whose 2. 宾 that/who “介词+关系代词”中介词的选择 1. 先行词 2. at 3. 谓语动词 4. from 5. 形容词 6. of 7. 从句 8. through 写作中的定语从句 1. reason 2. from which where/in which you will feel more about the charm of traditional Chinese manual art. 3. I will always remember those days when/during which you spared no effort to help me deal with English problems. 学以致用 1. (1) whom (2) in (3) by (4) to (5) whose 2. (1) Our school is going to organize an activity whose purpose is to help overseas students have a better understanding of traditional Chinese culture. (2) The activity includes many fantastic parts in which you can have a chance to wear Han-style clothes, learn calligraphy, display your own handwriting and take photos. (3) Students that/who are interested in traditional Chinese culture are welcome. 课后习题 一、填空题（本题共 5 小题。在横线处填入适当的介词或关系代词。） 1．The biggest hobby in America, the one ________ which Americans spend the most time, energy and money, is gardening. 【答案】on 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：美国人最大的爱好是园艺，这也是美国人花费时间、精力和金钱最多的爱好。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为 the one，指代上文 the biggest hobby；根据从句谓语动词 spend 的固定搭配 spend sometime/money on sth.，表示“在某事（物）上花费…… 时间或金钱”可知，此处应将介词 on 提到关系代词 which 之前，构成“介词+关系代词” 的结构。故填 on。 2．The man with ________ you shook hands just now is our headmaster. 【答案】whom 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：刚才和你握手的那个人是我们的校长。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，此处为“介词+关系代词”结构，修饰先行词 man ，作介词 with 的宾语，先行词指人，关系代词应用 whom。故填 whom。 3．The market ________ which they are competing is still unformed. 【答案】for/in 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们正在竞争的市场尚未成型。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 The market，根据从句动词 compete 的固定短语为 compete for sth.可知，此处应将介词for 提到关系代词 which 之前，构成“介词+关系代词” 的结构；或根据先行词 market 可知，in the market 为固定搭配，在从句中作地点状语，此处将介词 in 提到关系代词 which 之前，构成“介词+关系代词” 的结构。故填 for 或 in。 4．Common interests provide rich ground from ________ many friendships grow. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：共同的兴趣爱好为许多友谊的发展提供了丰富的基础。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 rich ground，先行词指物，在从句中作状语，介词 from 前置，应用关系代词 which 引导。故填which。 5．He gave me some reference books ________ which I was not very familiar. 【答案】with 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他给了我一些我不太熟悉的参考书。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，此处为“介词+关系代词” 的结构，修饰先行词 reference books ，根据从句形容词 familiar 的固定搭配be familiar with，表示“对……感到熟悉”可知，此处应将介词with 提到关系代词which 之前。故填with。 二、应用文写作（本题共 1 小题） 6．假定你是李华，你的网友 Lily 正在中国做交换生。最近， 她发邮件向你诉说了她的困扰：不适应，很孤独。你想给她回复邮件并安慰她，请你运用定语从句写出下列句子。 （1）向她表示自己的安慰和理解： __________________________________________________________________________________________ （2）提出自己的建议： ①________________________________________________________________________________________ ②________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】（1）留学生们感到孤独和不适应是很正常的现象：It’s common for exchange students like you that are living and studying in an entirely new environment to feel lonely. （2）建议一是多交朋友，分享感受：I highly recommend that you make some new friends with whom you can share your feelings. 建议二是参加社团或课外活动，与人互动：If I were you, I would join some clubs or participate in some after-class activities which will give you a chance to relax and interact with others. 【解析】略 第 4 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $