专题09 人与自然（自然生态）（高考真题+高考模拟）“场景化”解题训练（专项训练）2026年高考英语

专题09 人与自然（自然生态） 目录 01 场景语料导入 1 02 核心词汇清单 2 03 题型融合训练 4 04 高考真题导航 10 05 高考模拟助力 16 01场景语料导入 整合全球生态保护报告、《中国环境报》2025年11月《让自然重焕生机》及国内外生态保护典型案例。 （难度：中 建议阅读时间：8分钟） In an era of growing environmental challenges, the bond between humans and nature has never been more crucial. For 20-year-old Leo, a biology student with a deep love for wildlife, this connection became a driving force to turn passion into action. What started as a campus research project on local bird habitats soon evolved into a journey of advocating for ecological protection and bridging the gap between human development and natural balance. Leo's dedication to nature began in his childhood. During family trips to rural wetlands, he witnessed the gradual disappearance of water birds due to habitat destruction and pollution. As he grew older, he noticed more alarming changes: rivers once clear were now murky with waste, and forests that had been home to diverse species were being cut down for construction. Unlike some who viewed environmental issues as too large to tackle, Leo saw every small action as a step toward change. He volunteered with local environmental organizations, participating in tree-planting campaigns, cleaning up wetland areas, and conducting surveys on endangered species. He also studied international cases of ecological restoration, learning how community-led projects and scientific management could revive damaged ecosystems. Later, Leo joined a national youth ecological innovation competition themed "Coexist with Nature." The task was to design practical solutions to address local environmental problems. His team, consisting of students majoring in biology, environmental science, and engineering, had intense discussions—some advocated for large-scale restoration projects, while others emphasized the importance of public awareness and daily conservation. Leo proposed a comprehensive approach: establishing a community-based ecological protection system that combined habitat restoration with educational programs. The plan included creating a local wildlife sanctuary, developing a mobile app to track regional ecological data, and organizing regular workshops to teach residents about sustainable living. Leo took charge of the field research, surveying local ecosystems to ensure the solutions were tailored to the area's specific needs. Their project won the second prize, and a local environmental protection association partnered with them to implement the plan, bringing positive changes to the regional ecology. Through his efforts in ecological protection, Leo has grown into a more responsible, resilient, and far-sighted young adult. He has realized that protecting nature is not just about preserving wild places, but about fostering a harmonious relationship between humans and the planet. As an environmental scientist told him, "Nature is not a resource to be exploited, but a partner to coexist with—when we protect it with dedication, we are not just saving wildlife and ecosystems, but safeguarding a livable future for ourselves and generations to come." Today, Leo continues to promote ecological protection, shares his experiences at youth forums, and proves that every individual's effort can make a difference in building a sustainable world where humans and nature thrive together.（462词） 02核心词汇清单 (一)核心概念类（自然生态相关） 词汇/短语 词性 中文释义 语境原句摘录 教学重点（学生需掌握） ecological protection 名词短语 生态保护 advocating for ecological protection and bridging the gap between human development and natural balance 1. 同义表达：ecological conservation；2. 场景拓展：environmental protection（环境保护）、ecological restoration（生态修复） sustainable living 名词短语 可持续生活 organizing regular workshops to teach residents about sustainable living 1. 常见搭配：promote sustainable living（推广可持续生活）、practice sustainable living（践行可持续生活）；2. 拓展：sustainable development（可持续发展）、eco-friendly lifestyle（环保生活方式） habitat destruction 名词短语 栖息地破坏 he witnessed the gradual disappearance of water birds due to habitat destruction and pollution 1. 核心搭配：prevent habitat destruction（防止栖息地破坏）、reverse habitat destruction（扭转栖息地破坏）；2. 拓展：habitat preservation（栖息地保护）、natural habitat（自然栖息地） (二) 行为动作类（生态保护与修复相关） 词汇/短语 词性 中文释义 语境原句摘录 教学重点（语法+应用） restore 动词 恢复；修复 learning how community-led projects and scientific management could revive damaged ecosystems 1. 同义替换：revive、rehabilitate；2. 场景应用：生态修复、环境治理等语境，常用搭配“restore + 生态系统/栖息地” advocate for 动词短语 倡导；支持 Leo continues to promote ecological protection, shares his experiences at youth forums 1. 同义表达：promote、champion；2. 用法：advocate for sth.（倡导某事），advocate doing sth.（倡导做某事） coexist with 动词短语 与……共存 designing practical solutions to address local environmental problems and coexist with nature 1. 同义表达：live in harmony with；2. 场景拓展：coexist with wildlife（与野生动物共存）、coexist with nature（与自然共存） implement 动词 实施；执行 a local environmental protection association partnered with them to implement the plan 1. 词形变化：implementation（名词，实施）；2. 常见搭配：implement policies（实施政策）、implement projects（执行项目） (三)观点态度类（生态认知与评价相关） 词汇 / 短语 词性 中文释义 语境原句摘录 立场倾向 教学重点（情感色彩 + 句型） eco-friendly 形容词 环保的；对生态友好的 developing a mobile app to track regional ecological data and promote eco-friendly lifestyle 褒义 1. 同义表达：environmentally friendly、green；2. 句型：sth. is eco-friendly to the environment（某物对环境友好） destructive 形容词 破坏性的；有害的 habitat destruction and pollution have a destructive impact on wildlife 贬义 1. 反义词：constructive（建设性的）、protective（保护性的）；2. 句型：sth. is destructive to sth.（某物对某物具有破坏性） harmonious 形容词 和谐的 fostering a harmonious relationship between humans and the planet 褒义 1. 同义表达：balanced、compatible；2. 句型：a harmonious relationship between A and B（A与B之间的和谐关系） (四) 情感与成长类（生态意义相关） 词汇 / 短语 词性 中文释义 语境原句摘录 领域 教学重点（拓展 + 应用） environmental responsibility 名词短语 环境责任 grown into a more responsible, resilient, and far-sighted young adult with a strong sense of environmental responsibility 社会价值 1. 搭配：fulfill environmental responsibility（履行环境责任）；2. 拓展：corporate environmental responsibility（企业环境责任） livable future 名词短语 宜居未来 safeguarding a livable future for ourselves and generations to come 发展价值 1. 搭配：build a livable future（构建宜居未来）；2. 拓展：livable city（宜居城市）、sustainable future（可持续未来） make a difference 动词短语 产生影响；发挥作用 every individual's effort can make a difference in building a sustainable world 个人价值 1. 句型：sb./sth. makes a difference to sth.（某人/某物对某事产生影响）；2. 场景应用：环保倡议、公益行动等语境 03 题型融合训练 （一）阅读理解 细节理解题 1. Why did Leo start to engage in ecological protection? A. To win a national youth ecological innovation competition B. To address the environmental problems he observed in daily life C. To promote large-scale construction projects in rural areas D. To learn environmental science from famous scientists 【答案】B（To address the environmental problems he observed in daily life） 【解析】原文定位：对应核心语料第二段 “During family trips to rural wetlands, he witnessed the gradual disappearance of water birds due to habitat destruction and pollution... As he grew older, he noticed more alarming changes... Leo saw every small action as a step toward change”。选项分析：选项 B 与原文表述一致，明确 Leo 投身生态保护的直接原因是解决他日常生活中观察到的环境问题。干扰项排除：A 项 “赢得全国青年生态创新竞赛” 是后续行动，非初始动机；C 项 “在农村推广大型建设项目” 与他保护生态的理念相悖；D 项 “向著名科学家学习环境科学” 原文未提及，属于无中生有。故选 B。 2. What did Leo do in his spare time to promote ecological protection? A. He designed high-tech products for industrial development B. He participated in tree-planting and wetland cleaning activities C. He organized large-scale construction of commercial facilities D. He advocated for overexploitation of natural resources at forums 【答案】B（He participated in tree-planting and wetland cleaning activities） 【解析】原文定位：对应核心语料第二段 “He volunteered with local environmental organizations, participating in tree-planting campaigns, cleaning up wetland areas, and conducting surveys on endangered species”。选项分析：选项 B 准确概括了 Leo 业余时间的核心行动，与原文细节完全匹配。干扰项排除：A 项 “为工业发展设计高科技产品” 与生态保护方向不符；C 项 “组织大型商业设施建设” 会破坏生态，与他的行为相悖；D 项 “在论坛上倡导过度开发自然资源” 与他的环保理念完全相反。故选 B。 推理判断题 3. What can we infer from Leo’s proposal in the national youth ecological innovation competition? A. He believed ecological protection requires joint efforts from communities B. He thought individual actions are useless in environmental protection C. He opposed scientific management of natural ecosystems D. He preferred large-scale projects over public education 【答案】A（He believed ecological protection requires joint efforts from communities） 【解析】原文定位：对应核心语料第三段 “establishing a community-based ecological protection system that combined habitat restoration with educational programs... organizing regular workshops to teach residents about sustainable living”。选项分析：从 Leo 提出的“社区生态保护体系”、“居民环保工作坊”等细节，可推断他认为生态保护需要社区共同努力，与选项 A 一致。干扰项排除：B 项 “认为个人行动在环保中无用” 与他“每一个小行动都是进步”的理念矛盾；C 项 “反对自然生态系统的科学管理” 与原文“scientific management could revive damaged ecosystems”相悖；D 项 “偏好大型项目而非公共教育” 与他“结合栖息地修复与教育项目”的提案不符。故选 A。 4. What does the environmental scientist want to convey? A. Humans should exploit natural resources to meet development needs B. Ecological protection is only the responsibility of environmental experts C. Protecting nature is essential for human survival and future generations D. Natural ecosystems can recover on their own without human intervention 【答案】C（Protecting nature is essential for human survival and future generations） 【解析】原文定位：对应核心语料第四段 “Nature is not a resource to be exploited, but a partner to coexist with—when we protect it with dedication, we are not just saving wildlife and ecosystems, but safeguarding a livable future for ourselves and generations to come”。选项分析：选项 C 是对科学家话语的同义转述，准确传达核心思想——保护自然对人类生存和后代福祉至关重要。干扰项排除：A 项 “人类应开发自然资源满足发展需求” 与科学家“自然不是剥削对象”的观点相反；B 项 “生态保护只是环境专家的责任” 与 Leo 等普通人的行动实践矛盾；D 项 “自然生态系统无需人类干预即可自行恢复” 与原文提及的“生态修复项目”必要性相悖。故选 C。 词义猜测题 5. The underlined word “murky” in Paragraph 2 probably means ______. A. clear B. polluted C. deep D. cold 【答案】B（polluted） 【解析】语境线索：对应核心语料第二段 “rivers once clear were now murky with waste”，结合前文“habitat destruction and pollution”可知，河流因垃圾变得不再清澈，推测“murky”指“受污染的；浑浊的”。选项分析：选项 B “受污染的” 符合语境逻辑，与 “murky” 的核心含义一致。干扰项排除：A 项 “清澈的” 与语境语义相反；C 项 “深的”、D 项 “冷的” 均与“垃圾导致河流变化”的语境无关。故选 B。 主旨大意题 6. What is the main idea of the text? A. The severe environmental problems caused by human activities B. How Leo’s team won the national ecological innovation competition C. Leo’s efforts in promoting ecological protection and harmonious coexistence D. The differences between ecological restoration and environmental destruction 【答案】C（Leo’s efforts in promoting ecological protection and harmonious coexistence） 【解析】文章结构梳理：第一段介绍 Leo 对自然的热爱及投身生态保护的契机；第二段讲述他观察到的环境问题及参与的环保志愿活动；第三段描述他在全国竞赛中提出社区生态保护方案并获奖；第四段总结他的成长与生态保护的意义。全文围绕 “Leo 推广生态保护、促进人与自然和谐共存的经历” 展开。选项分析：选项 C 全面涵盖核心内容，概括全文主旨。干扰项排除：A 项 “人类活动引发的严重环境问题” 仅为背景信息；B 项 “Leo 团队如何赢得全国生态创新竞赛” 是局部情节；D 项 “生态修复与环境破坏的差异” 偏离主题，文章重点是生态保护的实践与意义。故选 C。 （二）语法填空 Ecological protection has become an urgent global issue in modern society. Threaten __1__ habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change, many species are facing the risk of extinction. In recent years, more and more young people __2__ (devote) themselves to environmental protection, aiming to build a harmonious relationship between humans and nature. An international youth ecological organization __3__ (found) in 2024 has launched several projects to protect endangered species and restore damaged ecosystems. When working on these projects, young volunteers often need __4__ (learn) cross-disciplinary knowledge, such as biology, environmental science, and engineering. Some senior environmental experts __5__ (invite) to provide guidance and share their experiences with the young team. Last month, the organization’s ecological restoration project __6__ (carry) out in a rural wetland, and it received positive feedback from local residents and environmentalists. The success of the project has inspired more young people to join in. They spent months __7__ (monitor) the wetland ecosystem and improving the restoration plan according to the actual situation. This experience not only enhances their environmental awareness but also strengthens their sense of environmental __8__ (responsible). They believe that every individual can make a difference, and everyone deserves __9__ livable planet. With joint efforts, we can create a sustainable future __10__ humans and nature thrive together. 【答案】1. Threatened 2. have devoted 3. founded 4. to learn 5. are invited 6. was carried 7. monitoring 8. responsibility 9. a 10. where 【解析】 1.by 考查介词。过去分词 Threatened by，表“受到……威胁”。 2. have devoted 考查谓语动词（现在完成时）。根据时间状语“in recent years”可知，此处用现在完成时，主语 more and more young people 为复数，故填 have devoted。 3. founded 考查非谓语动词（ed形式）。空格处为后置定语修饰 An international youth ecological organization，organization 与 found 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词 founded，意为“成立于2024年的国际青年生态组织”。 4. to learn 考查非谓语动词（to do形式）。固定句型 need to do sth.，意为“需要做某事”，故填 to learn。 5. are invited 考查谓语动词（一般现在时被动语态）。此处描述经常性动作，用一般现在时，主语 some senior environmental experts 与 invite 之间是被动关系，故填 are invited。 6. was carried 考查谓语动词（一般过去时被动语态）。根据时间状语“Last month”可知用一般过去时，主语 the organization’s ecological restoration project 与 carry out 之间是被动关系，故填 was carried。 7. monitoring 考查非谓语动词（ing形式）。固定搭配 spend time (in) doing sth.，意为“花费时间做某事”，in 可省略，故填 monitoring。 8. responsibility 考查名词。形容词 environmental 修饰名词，responsible 的名词形式为 responsibility，意为“责任”，sense of environmental responsibility（环境责任感）。 9.a 考查冠词。此处表示“一个宜居的星球”，表泛指，livable 以辅音音素开头，故填 a。 10. where 考查定语从句。先行词为 a sustainable future，空格处引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，故填 where。 （三）书面表达 假设你是李华，你校学生会正在举办“守护自然，青年担当”主题征文活动，邀请同学们分享自己参与生态保护或推广环保理念的经历与感悟。请你根据自己参与社区“绿色家园”环保行动的经历，写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1.参与活动的初衷； 2.活动中的具体工作； 3.你的收获与感悟。 注意：1. 词数80-100；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Editors, I’m glad to share my experience of participating in the "Green Home" environmental protection activity in our community. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Editors, I’m glad to share my experience of participating in the "Green Home" environmental protection activity in our community. I joined the activity last month because I wanted to improve our living environment—many public areas were littered with waste, and some trees were dying due to neglect. As a member of the activity team, I collected and sorted garbage in the community, watered and pruned young trees, and distributed leaflets to teach residents about waste classification and energy conservation. We also faced some difficulties, such as persuading some people to change bad habits, but we kept communicating patiently. This experience made me realize the importance of environmental protection. Protecting nature is not a slogan but a daily practice. I also learned the power of teamwork—everyone’s small effort can make a big difference. I’ll continue to practice eco-friendly living and encourage more people to join in, contributing to a harmonious world where humans and nature coexist peacefully. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【详解】 【导语】本次书面表达要求撰写“守护自然，青年担当”主题征文，需紧扣“参与初衷 - 具体工作 - 收获感悟”三大核心，符合征文“真实具体、情感真挚”的文体要求。范文以参与社区环保行动为核心，贴近青少年生活场景，细节充实、逻辑清晰，既满足词数要求，又凸显了“青年参与环保、守护自然”的主题。以下从内容架构、词汇积累、句式拓展三个维度解析写作技巧： 一、 内容架构解析 • 参与初衷（1句）：用 “improve our living environment” 明确参与活动的核心目的，结合“公共区域垃圾堆积、树木枯萎”等具体场景，使动机更真实可信。 • 具体工作（2句）：列举“垃圾分类收集、树木养护、环保宣传”等活动环节，补充“说服居民改变坏习惯”的困难及解决方式，让经历更完整生动。 • 收获感悟（2句）：从“环保的重要性”切入，结合“团队合作的力量”，最后升华到“持续践行环保、呼吁他人参与”，呼应征文主题。 二、词汇积累（场景适配型：科技创新主题·校园场景） 原文词汇 含义 替换表达 适用场景 eco-friendly 环保的 environmentally friendly、green 环保行动、生活方式描述场景 waste classification 垃圾分类 garbage sorting 社区环保、公共卫生场景 energy conservation 节能 save energy 环保宣传、生活习惯场景 living environment 生活环境 living surroundings 社区建设、环保成效场景 coexist peacefully 和平共存 live in harmony 人与自然关系描述场景 三、句式拓展（从简单到丰富：适配高考写作要求·科技主题） 原句（简单句/并列句） 拓展句（复合句/升级结构） 拓展思路 I joined the activity. I wanted to improve our living environment. I joined the activity last month with the aim of improving our living environment—many public areas were littered with waste, and some trees were dying due to neglect. 用 “with the aim of” 明确目的，补充具体环境问题，丰富句子内涵 We faced difficulties. We communicated patiently. Though we faced some difficulties, such as persuading some people to change bad habits, we kept communicating patiently until they understood the importance of environmental protection. 用 “Though” 引导让步状语从句，“until” 引导时间状语从句，提升表达逻辑性 Protecting nature is important. It is a daily practice. Protecting nature is not just a slogan but a daily practice that requires everyone’s continuous effort. 用 “not just...but...” 递进结构，定语从句补充环保的要求，增强表达力度 四、高分句型解析（高考写作高频结构·文化遗产主题适配） 1. 目的状语 + 举例结构 例文原句：I joined the activity last month because I wanted to improve our living environment—many public areas were littered with waste, and some trees were dying due to neglect.（参考范文第二段） 解析：用 “because” 引导目的状语从句，破折号后列举具体环境问题，既明确了行动初衷，又通过社区场景增强真实感，符合高考“内容充实、贴合生活”的评分标准。 复用场景：介绍环保活动参与初衷时可套用 “I participated in... because I wanted to...—such as... ”，如 “I participated in the campus tree-planting activity because I wanted to green our school—many open areas were bare, and the air quality needed to be improved.” 1. “not just...but...” 递进结构 例文原句：Protecting nature is not a slogan but a daily practice.（参考范文第三段） 解析：通过递进结构突出环保的本质——不仅是口号，更是日常实践，比简单句更具逻辑层次感，能精准体现“青年担当”的主题，符合高考“表达准确、逻辑清晰”的要求。 复用场景：阐述环保意义时可套用 “Protecting nature is not just...but... ”，如 “Protecting nature is not just about saving endangered species, but about safeguarding our own living space.” 1. 主题句 + 结尾升华结构 例文原句：开头 “This experience made me realize the importance of environmental protection.” + 结尾 “I’ll continue to practice eco-friendly living and encourage more people to join in, contributing to a harmonious world where humans and nature coexist peacefully.”（参考范文第三段） 解析：开头主题句总述环保的重要性，结尾从个人行动上升到“呼吁更多人参与”的愿景，形成“个人感悟-社会号召”的升华脉络，既呼应征文主题，又提升文章立意，符合高考“主旨鲜明、内涵深刻”的评分标准。 复用场景：生态主题写作结尾可套用 “I’ll continue to... and encourage more people to... to build a harmonious world where humans and nature coexist.”，如 “I’ll continue to promote waste classification in my community, and encourage more people to adopt eco-friendly lifestyles, to build a harmonious world where humans and nature thrive together.” 04 高考真题导航 近3年考查3次，2025年新高考II卷，阅读理解B篇，文章主要介绍了室内植物对人们心理健康和工作效率的积极影响；2024年1月浙江卷，阅读理解C篇，文章介绍了一种新型园艺设计方法——矩阵种植；2023新高考I卷，阅读理解B篇，文章讲述了John Todd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。 1.（2025新高考II卷，B篇） When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. “Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 28．How was Detrinidad’s business when it started? A．It faced tough competition. B．It suffered a great loss. C．It got lots of financial support. D．It went surprisingly well. 29．What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants? A．They appeal more to students. B．They purify the environment. C．They raise the cortisol level. D．They enhance productivity. 30．What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers? A．The necessity of social skills. B．The meaning of sustainability. C．The importance of repeated efforts. D．The value of professional opinions. 31．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Time to Replace Houseplants B．Plants Boost Your Mood C．Tips on Choosing Houseplants D．Plants Brighten Your Home 【答案】28．D 29．D 30．C 31．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过Detrinidad的创业经历和专家研究，说明室内植物对人们心理健康和工作效率的积极影响，以及近年来居家趋势推动了室内植物产业的发展。 28．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. (当Sonja Detrinidad开设她的网店售卖室内植物时，她并没有抱太大的期望。但结果却恰恰相反：订单如潮水般涌来，仅在2020年6月就寄出了1200份订单)”可知，Sonja Detrinidad刚开始开网店卖室内植物时，并没有抱太大希望，但实际情况是订单很多，生意出奇地好。故选D。 29．细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.”(Knuth表示：“身处植物周围的学生，其学业表现比在没有植物的教室里的学生更出色。这种效率提升同样适用于成年人的工作场合。我们的研究显示，在植物丰富的工作环境中，人们的病假率降低了 30%。”)”可知，Knuth的研究发现，接触植物的学生学业表现更好，成年人在植物丰富的工作环境中生产率提高，病假率降低，因此，“植物能提升生产率”是她的发现之一。故选D。 30．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. (Detrinidad说：“医生需要不断实践医术，律师需要持续精进法律实务，而养护植物同样需要给自己练习的机会。照料植物是一种培养耐心和学习的过程。要用心呵护它，但如果它枯萎了，就再养一株新的。”)”可知，Detrinidad通过类比医生和律师需要不断实践来强调“照顾植物需要反复尝试”。她认为养植物失败是正常的，重要的是持续努力。由此推断，她提到医生和律师是为了解释“重复努力的重要性”。故选C。 31．主旨大意题。文章第一段以Detrinidad的成功为例引出室内植物行业的兴起，第二段至第三段通过Knuth的研究说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、提升生产率，第四段鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文核心围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开。选项B“Plants Boost Your Mood (植物改善你的情绪)”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选B。 2.(2024浙江卷，C篇) A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth. The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. 28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A. Running out of. B. Keeping away from. C. Putting up with. D. Taking advantage of. 29. Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced? A. To control weeds in large gardens. B. To bring in foreign species of plants. C. To conserve soil and water resources. D. To develop low-maintenance parkland. 30. Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens? A. Traditional. B. Odd-looking. C. Tasteful. D. Well-protected. 31. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. The future of gardening is WILD. B. Nature treats all lives as EQUALS. C. Matrix gardens need more CARE. D. Old garden plots work WONDERS. 【答案】28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型园艺设计方法——矩阵种植。 【28题详解】 词句猜测题。根据上文“Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工作)”可知，矩阵种植是让大自然自身承接更多的工作；结合常识和划线词所在句“Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.(Eschewing化肥和电动工具，它基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)”中“to garden more like nature does”可推知，要像大自然那样进行园艺种植，让大自然自身承接更多的工作，就不需要使用化肥和电动工具。所以划线词“Eschewing”的意思是“避开、远离”，与“Keeping away from.”同义。故选B项。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.(这个概念诞生于二战后，当时德国城市规划者试图以一种可复制且需要最少维护的方式种植大片公园绿地)”可知，引入矩阵种植的想法是为了开发低维护成本的公园绿地。故选D项。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four season interest and serving the needs of wildlife.(荷兰植物学家兼设计师Piet Oudolf的花园推广了这种风格，在种植组合中增添了艺术气息，同时玩转色彩和形态，四季都有看点，还满足了野生动物的需求)”可知，Piet Oudolf的花园有艺术气息，很有品味。故选C项。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工作。它避开化肥和电动工具，基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)”和最后一段中“With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.(随着人类投入的大幅减少，花园的生态系统可以良好发展。成熟的矩阵花园不需要我们给予大多数花园的维持手段：化肥、分株、定期浇水。与传统花园地块相比，它们增加了碳吸收，减少了雨水径流，并显著改善了栖息地和生物多样性)”可知，文章主要介绍了矩阵种植这种新型园艺设计方法，它让花园更接近自然、野生的状态，未来园艺可能会朝着这种更自然、野生的方向发展。故A项“The future of gardening is WILD(园艺的未来是自然的)”能概括文章主旨，适合做文章标题。故选A项。 3.(2023新高考I卷，B篇) When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.” 24. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone. C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor. 25. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem. C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine. 26. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea. C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention. 27. What is the basis for John’s work? A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive. C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups. 【答案】24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John Todd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. (当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? (在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, John added the sludge. (几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去)”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净水)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. (这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair. (你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。 05 高考模拟助力 1.（2026届河北省邢台市名校协作体一模英语试题，C篇） 38 students at the University of Michigan set out on a walk. Half of them wound their way through the forest, while the other half had a walk on the busy streets. A week later, the two groups exchanged routes. Both times, before they set out and when they returned to campus, the students took a test that challenged their attention and working memory, where they were given progressively longer strings of numbers to repeat. Walking through town improved their performance slightly, but walking in nature boosted scores by nearly 20 percent. “You didn’t even need to like or enjoy the nature walk to get these cognitive (认知的) benefits,” said Marc Berman, a professor of psychology at the University of Chicago. In his new book, “Nature and the Mind”, Dr. Berman credits the cognitive benefits of nature to “attention restoration theory”, whose basis is that our ability to focus is a limited resource that gets easily used up, and that being in nature is an effective way to restore it. One of the most important things about nature, according to attention restoration researchers, is that it involves a kind of “soft fascination”, meaning it pleases us in a gentle way without being too boring or stimulating. (Think about watching ocean waves roll in and out, or staring at a field of wildflowers.) Urban environments, by contrast, are more strongly appealing and demand our careful concentration in a way that exhausts us. Dr. Berman supposes that one reason nature has this effect on us is its physical properties, particularly its curved lines and shapes. And the curve of a river or rock formation, or the repeating patterns of snow, may be easier for our brains to process than the straight edges of a high-rise. “That might give our brains a rest, and that is why we might see these benefits,” he said. 8. Why is Berman’s book cited in paragraph 2? A. To show reliability of a new theory. B. To highlight students’ affection for nature. C. To explain nature’s effect theoretically. D. To argue limitedness of people’s concentration. 9. What does “soft fascination” emphasize? A. Intense focus on vivid details. B. gentle engagement of attention. C. Adaptation to the environment. D. Complete absence of disturbance. 10. How is the processing of curved shapes different from that of straight edges? A. It brings a worse memory. B. It requires less mental effort. C. It causes more attention stress. D. It involves greater brain activity. 11. What does the text mainly talk about? A. Nature’s role in restoring mind. B. The gains of walking outdoors. C. The ways of training concentration. D. Surroundings’ effect on cognition. 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. B 11. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章表明自然对心智具有很好的修复作用，并解释了其中的原理。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“In his new book, “Nature and the Mind”, Dr. Berman credits the cognitive benefits of nature to “attention restoration theory”, whose basis is that our ability to focus is a limited resource that gets easily used up, and that being in nature is an effective way to restore it.(在他的新书《自然与心灵》中，伯曼博士将大自然对认知的益处归功于“注意力恢复理论”，该理论认为我们的专注力是一种有限的资源，很容易耗尽，而身处大自然是恢复这种能力的有效方式。)”可知，伯曼的书在本段被引用是为了从理论上解释自然为何能提升认知。故选C。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“One of the most important things about nature, according to attention restoration researchers, is that it involves a kind of “soft fascination”, meaning it pleases us in a gentle way without being too boring or stimulating.(据注意力恢复研究者所言，大自然最重要的一点在于它具备一种“温和的吸引力”，即它能以一种温和的方式让我们感到愉悦，既不会太过枯燥，也不会过于刺激。)”可知，soft fascination强调自然以温和方式吸引注意力。故选B。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句“And the curve of a river or rock formation, or the repeating patterns of snow, may be easier for our brains to process than the straight edges of a high-rise. “That might give our brains a rest, and that is why we might see these benefits,” he said.(河流的曲线、岩石的轮廓，或者雪的重复纹理，这些往往比高楼大厦的直角更容易被我们的大脑处理。他说：“这或许能让我们的大脑得到放松，这就是我们能感受到这些好处的原因。”)”可知，曲线比直线边缘更能减少脑力消耗。故选B。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段““You didn’t even need to like or enjoy the nature walk to get these cognitive (认知的) benefits,” said Marc Berman, a professor of psychology at the University of Chicago. In his new book, “Nature and the Mind”, Dr. Berman credits the cognitive benefits of nature to “attention restoration theory”, whose basis is that our ability to focus is a limited resource that gets easily used up, and that being in nature is an effective way to restore it.(芝加哥大学的心理学教授马克·伯曼表示：“即便您并不喜欢或享受这次自然漫步，也能从中获得这些认知方面的益处。”在新著《自然与心灵》一书中，伯曼博士将自然带来的认知益处归功于“注意力恢复理论”。该理论的基础是：我们的专注力是一种有限的资源，很容易被消耗殆尽，而置身于自然环境中是一种有效的恢复这种能力的方式。)”可知，全文围绕自然对心智的修复作用展开。故选A。 2.（天津市南开大学附属中学2025-2026学年高二上学期第二次月考英语试卷，D篇） “Join our exciting wildlife watching tours and experience the holiday of a lifetime!” Eco-wildlife tours like this are becoming more and more popular with tourists. The opportunity to see whales and dolphins swimming in their natural habitat is so much better than seeing these great mammals in zoos and aquariums. As your boat edges out into the blue water, a group of dolphins come to greet you and swim around the boat, jumping playfully around you. In some places, tour companies even encourage tourists to go swimming with the dolphins. These intelligent mammals seem to enjoy our company, and interact with us. But is it possible that this kind of human activity is putting their survival at risk? A recent study has shown that the behaviour of whales and dolphins changes greatly when they are close to boats. Interpreting the boats as a possible danger, they start to breathe more quickly. The boats drive them away from the places where they feed and interrupt their routine of resting and taking care of their young. All of these factors could have a very negative effect on their general health. Another factor that should be taken into account is the effect of human attention on the animals. As they become more used to interacting with humans, they become less afraid of them. There have been several cases of tour boats running into dolphins or whales and causing their deaths. As dolphins live within close communities, events like these cause a lot of stress. Perhaps the best way to protect these animals is to reduce our interaction with them. This we could do by keeping a minimum distance between the animals and the boats, and by limiting the number of boats out on the water at one time. Most importantly, instead of disrupting these animals’ routines, we should try to adapt to them. In this way, we could learn to exist in harmony with these wild animals and ensure our continued co-existence on the planet that we all share. 51. According to the text, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a change in whale and dolphin behavior when boats are nearby? A. Their breathing becomes quicker. B. They are driven away from feeding grounds. C. They actively attack the boats to defend themselves. D. Their routines of resting and caring for their young are interrupted. 52. What’s the effect of human attention on the dolphins from Paragraph 3? A. Reduced potential risks of accidents. B. The gradual stress on dolphins’ communities. C. Dolphins’ better relationship with humans. D. Dolphins’ fear of human activities. 53. What measures does the article suggest to protect whales and dolphins? A Ban all tour boats from going out to sea forever. B. Reduce people’s interaction with them. C. Encourage more tourists to swim with them. D. Disturb the dolphins’ routines. 54. What is the author’s most likely attitude towards “swim-with-dolphins” tour programs? A Positive. B. Objective. C. Negative. D. Indifferent. 55. What is the author’s purpose in writing this article? A. To advertise exciting eco-wildlife watching tours. B. To describe the playful nature of dolphins and whales. C. To introduce the experiences of seeing animals in the wild. D. To analyze the problems of wildlife tour and possible measures. 【答案】51. C 52. B 53. B 54. C 55. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了生态野生动物旅游中人类与鲸鱼、海豚互动带来的问题及保护措施。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“A recent study has shown that the behaviour of whales and dolphins changes greatly when they are close to boats. Interpreting the boats as a possible danger, they start to breathe more quickly. The boats drive them away from the places where they feed and interrupt their routine of resting and taking care of their young.(最近的一项研究表明，当鲸鱼和海豚靠近船只时，它们的行为会发生很大变化。它们将船只视为可能的危险，开始呼吸加快。船只把它们从觅食的地方赶走，打断了它们休息和照顾幼崽的常规)”可知，选项A、B、D均有提及，而文中未提及它们会主动攻击船只来保护自己。故选C。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“As they become more used to interacting with humans, they become less afraid of them. There have been several cases of tour boats running into dolphins or whales and causing their deaths. As dolphins live within close communities, events like these cause a lot of stress.(随着它们越来越习惯与人类互动，它们对人类的恐惧也越来越少。已经有几起旅游船撞到海豚或鲸鱼并导致它们死亡的案例。由于海豚生活在紧密的群体中，这样的事件会给它们带来很大的压力)”可知，人类关注对海豚的影响是给海豚群体带来逐渐的压力。故选B。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Perhaps the best way to protect these animals is to reduce our interaction with them.(也许保护这些动物的最好方法是减少我们与它们的互动)”可知，文章建议减少人类与它们的互动来保护鲸鱼和海豚。故选B。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“There have been several cases of tour boats running into dolphins or whales and causing their deaths.(已经有几起旅游船撞到海豚或鲸鱼并导致它们死亡的案例)”以及第四段中“Perhaps the best way to protect these animals is to reduce our interaction with them.(也许保护这些动物的最好方法是减少我们与它们的互动)”可推知，作者对“与海豚一起游泳”旅游项目持负面态度。故选C。 【55题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Eco-wildlife tours like this are becoming more and more popular with tourists. (像这样的生态野生动物旅游越来越受到游客的欢迎)”以及后文“But is it possible that this kind of human activity is putting their survival at risk?(但是，这种人类活动有可能使它们的生存处于危险之中吗？)”结合文章主要讲述了生态野生动物旅游中人类与鲸鱼、海豚互动带来的问题及保护措施。可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是分析野生动物旅游的问题和可能的措施。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份限公司1 / 31zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题09 人与自然（自然生态） 目录 01 场景语料导入 1 02 核心词汇清单 2 03 题型融合训练 4 04 高考真题导航 6 05 高考模拟助力 9 01场景语料导入 整合全球生态保护报告、《中国环境报》2025年11月《让自然重焕生机》及国内外生态保护典型案例。 （难度：中 建议阅读时间：8分钟） In an era of growing environmental challenges, the bond between humans and nature has never been more crucial. For 20-year-old Leo, a biology student with a deep love for wildlife, this connection became a driving force to turn passion into action. What started as a campus research project on local bird habitats soon evolved into a journey of advocating for ecological protection and bridging the gap between human development and natural balance. Leo's dedication to nature began in his childhood. During family trips to rural wetlands, he witnessed the gradual disappearance of water birds due to habitat destruction and pollution. As he grew older, he noticed more alarming changes: rivers once clear were now murky with waste, and forests that had been home to diverse species were being cut down for construction. Unlike some who viewed environmental issues as too large to tackle, Leo saw every small action as a step toward change. He volunteered with local environmental organizations, participating in tree-planting campaigns, cleaning up wetland areas, and conducting surveys on endangered species. He also studied international cases of ecological restoration, learning how community-led projects and scientific management could revive damaged ecosystems. Later, Leo joined a national youth ecological innovation competition themed "Coexist with Nature." The task was to design practical solutions to address local environmental problems. His team, consisting of students majoring in biology, environmental science, and engineering, had intense discussions—some advocated for large-scale restoration projects, while others emphasized the importance of public awareness and daily conservation. Leo proposed a comprehensive approach: establishing a community-based ecological protection system that combined habitat restoration with educational programs. The plan included creating a local wildlife sanctuary, developing a mobile app to track regional ecological data, and organizing regular workshops to teach residents about sustainable living. Leo took charge of the field research, surveying local ecosystems to ensure the solutions were tailored to the area's specific needs. Their project won the second prize, and a local environmental protection association partnered with them to implement the plan, bringing positive changes to the regional ecology. Through his efforts in ecological protection, Leo has grown into a more responsible, resilient, and far-sighted young adult. He has realized that protecting nature is not just about preserving wild places, but about fostering a harmonious relationship between humans and the planet. As an environmental scientist told him, "Nature is not a resource to be exploited, but a partner to coexist with—when we protect it with dedication, we are not just saving wildlife and ecosystems, but safeguarding a livable future for ourselves and generations to come." Today, Leo continues to promote ecological protection, shares his experiences at youth forums, and proves that every individual's effort can make a difference in building a sustainable world where humans and nature thrive together.（462词） 02核心词汇清单 (一)核心概念类（自然生态相关） 词汇/短语 词性 中文释义 语境原句摘录 教学重点（学生需掌握） ecological protection 名词短语 生态保护 advocating for ecological protection and bridging the gap between human development and natural balance 1. 同义表达：ecological conservation；2. 场景拓展：environmental protection（环境保护）、ecological restoration（生态修复） sustainable living 名词短语 可持续生活 organizing regular workshops to teach residents about sustainable living 1. 常见搭配：promote sustainable living（推广可持续生活）、practice sustainable living（践行可持续生活）；2. 拓展：sustainable development（可持续发展）、eco-friendly lifestyle（环保生活方式） habitat destruction 名词短语 栖息地破坏 he witnessed the gradual disappearance of water birds due to habitat destruction and pollution 1. 核心搭配：prevent habitat destruction（防止栖息地破坏）、reverse habitat destruction（扭转栖息地破坏）；2. 拓展：habitat preservation（栖息地保护）、natural habitat（自然栖息地） (二) 行为动作类（生态保护与修复相关） 词汇/短语 词性 中文释义 语境原句摘录 教学重点（语法+应用） restore 动词 恢复；修复 learning how community-led projects and scientific management could revive damaged ecosystems 1. 同义替换：revive、rehabilitate；2. 场景应用：生态修复、环境治理等语境，常用搭配“restore + 生态系统/栖息地” advocate for 动词短语 倡导；支持 Leo continues to promote ecological protection, shares his experiences at youth forums 1. 同义表达：promote、champion；2. 用法：advocate for sth.（倡导某事），advocate doing sth.（倡导做某事） coexist with 动词短语 与……共存 designing practical solutions to address local environmental problems and coexist with nature 1. 同义表达：live in harmony with；2. 场景拓展：coexist with wildlife（与野生动物共存）、coexist with nature（与自然共存） implement 动词 实施；执行 a local environmental protection association partnered with them to implement the plan 1. 词形变化：implementation（名词，实施）；2. 常见搭配：implement policies（实施政策）、implement projects（执行项目） (三)观点态度类（生态认知与评价相关） 词汇 / 短语 词性 中文释义 语境原句摘录 立场倾向 教学重点（情感色彩 + 句型） eco-friendly 形容词 环保的；对生态友好的 developing a mobile app to track regional ecological data and promote eco-friendly lifestyle 褒义 1. 同义表达：environmentally friendly、green；2. 句型：sth. is eco-friendly to the environment（某物对环境友好） destructive 形容词 破坏性的；有害的 habitat destruction and pollution have a destructive impact on wildlife 贬义 1. 反义词：constructive（建设性的）、protective（保护性的）；2. 句型：sth. is destructive to sth.（某物对某物具有破坏性） harmonious 形容词 和谐的 fostering a harmonious relationship between humans and the planet 褒义 1. 同义表达：balanced、compatible；2. 句型：a harmonious relationship between A and B（A与B之间的和谐关系） (四) 情感与成长类（生态意义相关） 词汇 / 短语 词性 中文释义 语境原句摘录 领域 教学重点（拓展 + 应用） environmental responsibility 名词短语 环境责任 grown into a more responsible, resilient, and far-sighted young adult with a strong sense of environmental responsibility 社会价值 1. 搭配：fulfill environmental responsibility（履行环境责任）；2. 拓展：corporate environmental responsibility（企业环境责任） livable future 名词短语 宜居未来 safeguarding a livable future for ourselves and generations to come 发展价值 1. 搭配：build a livable future（构建宜居未来）；2. 拓展：livable city（宜居城市）、sustainable future（可持续未来） make a difference 动词短语 产生影响；发挥作用 every individual's effort can make a difference in building a sustainable world 个人价值 1. 句型：sb./sth. makes a difference to sth.（某人/某物对某事产生影响）；2. 场景应用：环保倡议、公益行动等语境 03 题型融合训练 （一）阅读理解 细节理解题 1. Why did Leo start to engage in ecological protection? A. To win a national youth ecological innovation competition B. To address the environmental problems he observed in daily life C. To promote large-scale construction projects in rural areas D. To learn environmental science from famous scientists 2. What did Leo do in his spare time to promote ecological protection? A. He designed high-tech products for industrial development B. He participated in tree-planting and wetland cleaning activities C. He organized large-scale construction of commercial facilities D. He advocated for overexploitation of natural resources at forums 推理判断题 3. What can we infer from Leo’s proposal in the national youth ecological innovation competition? A. He believed ecological protection requires joint efforts from communities B. He thought individual actions are useless in environmental protection C. He opposed scientific management of natural ecosystems D. He preferred large-scale projects over public education 4. What does the environmental scientist want to convey? A. Humans should exploit natural resources to meet development needs B. Ecological protection is only the responsibility of environmental experts C. Protecting nature is essential for human survival and future generations D. Natural ecosystems can recover on their own without human intervention 词义猜测题 5. The underlined word “murky” in Paragraph 2 probably means ______. A. clear B. polluted C. deep D. cold 主旨大意题 6. What is the main idea of the text? A. The severe environmental problems caused by human activities B. How Leo’s team won the national ecological innovation competition C. Leo’s efforts in promoting ecological protection and harmonious coexistence D. The differences between ecological restoration and environmental destruction （二）语法填空 Ecological protection has become an urgent global issue in modern society. Threaten __1__ habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change, many species are facing the risk of extinction. In recent years, more and more young people __2__ (devote) themselves to environmental protection, aiming to build a harmonious relationship between humans and nature. An international youth ecological organization __3__ (found) in 2024 has launched several projects to protect endangered species and restore damaged ecosystems. When working on these projects, young volunteers often need __4__ (learn) cross-disciplinary knowledge, such as biology, environmental science, and engineering. Some senior environmental experts __5__ (invite) to provide guidance and share their experiences with the young team. Last month, the organization’s ecological restoration project __6__ (carry) out in a rural wetland, and it received positive feedback from local residents and environmentalists. The success of the project has inspired more young people to join in. They spent months __7__ (monitor) the wetland ecosystem and improving the restoration plan according to the actual situation. This experience not only enhances their environmental awareness but also strengthens their sense of environmental __8__ (responsible). They believe that every individual can make a difference, and everyone deserves __9__ livable planet. With joint efforts, we can create a sustainable future __10__ humans and nature thrive together. （三）书面表达 假设你是李华，你校学生会正在举办“守护自然，青年担当”主题征文活动，邀请同学们分享自己参与生态保护或推广环保理念的经历与感悟。请你根据自己参与社区“绿色家园”环保行动的经历，写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1.参与活动的初衷； 2.活动中的具体工作； 3.你的收获与感悟。 注意：1. 词数80-100；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Editors, I’m glad to share my experience of participating in the "Green Home" environmental protection activity in our community. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 04 高考真题导航 近3年考查3次，2025年新高考II卷，阅读理解B篇，文章主要介绍了室内植物对人们心理健康和工作效率的积极影响；2024年1月浙江卷，阅读理解C篇，文章介绍了一种新型园艺设计方法——矩阵种植；2023新高考I卷，阅读理解B篇，文章讲述了John Todd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。 1.（2025新高考II卷，B篇） When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. “Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 28．How was Detrinidad’s business when it started? A．It faced tough competition. B．It suffered a great loss. C．It got lots of financial support. D．It went surprisingly well. 29．What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants? A．They appeal more to students. B．They purify the environment. C．They raise the cortisol level. D．They enhance productivity. 30．What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers? A．The necessity of social skills. B．The meaning of sustainability. C．The importance of repeated efforts. D．The value of professional opinions. 31．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Time to Replace Houseplants B．Plants Boost Your Mood C．Tips on Choosing Houseplants D．Plants Brighten Your Home 2.(2024浙江卷，C篇) A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth. The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. 28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A. Running out of. B. Keeping away from. C. Putting up with. D. Taking advantage of. 29. Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced? A. To control weeds in large gardens. B. To bring in foreign species of plants. C. To conserve soil and water resources. D. To develop low-maintenance parkland. 30. Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens? A. Traditional. B. Odd-looking. C. Tasteful. D. Well-protected. 31. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. The future of gardening is WILD. B. Nature treats all lives as EQUALS. C. Matrix gardens need more CARE. D. Old garden plots work WONDERS. 3.(2023新高考I卷，B篇) When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.” 24. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone. C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor. 25. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem. C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine. 26. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea. C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention. 27. What is the basis for John’s work? A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive. C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups. 05 高考模拟助力 1.（2026届河北省邢台市名校协作体一模英语试题，C篇） 38 students at the University of Michigan set out on a walk. Half of them wound their way through the forest, while the other half had a walk on the busy streets. A week later, the two groups exchanged routes. Both times, before they set out and when they returned to campus, the students took a test that challenged their attention and working memory, where they were given progressively longer strings of numbers to repeat. Walking through town improved their performance slightly, but walking in nature boosted scores by nearly 20 percent. “You didn’t even need to like or enjoy the nature walk to get these cognitive (认知的) benefits,” said Marc Berman, a professor of psychology at the University of Chicago. In his new book, “Nature and the Mind”, Dr. Berman credits the cognitive benefits of nature to “attention restoration theory”, whose basis is that our ability to focus is a limited resource that gets easily used up, and that being in nature is an effective way to restore it. One of the most important things about nature, according to attention restoration researchers, is that it involves a kind of “soft fascination”, meaning it pleases us in a gentle way without being too boring or stimulating. (Think about watching ocean waves roll in and out, or staring at a field of wildflowers.) Urban environments, by contrast, are more strongly appealing and demand our careful concentration in a way that exhausts us. Dr. Berman supposes that one reason nature has this effect on us is its physical properties, particularly its curved lines and shapes. And the curve of a river or rock formation, or the repeating patterns of snow, may be easier for our brains to process than the straight edges of a high-rise. “That might give our brains a rest, and that is why we might see these benefits,” he said. 8. Why is Berman’s book cited in paragraph 2? A. To show reliability of a new theory. B. To highlight students’ affection for nature. C. To explain nature’s effect theoretically. D. To argue limitedness of people’s concentration. 9. What does “soft fascination” emphasize? A. Intense focus on vivid details. B. gentle engagement of attention. C. Adaptation to the environment. D. Complete absence of disturbance. 10. How is the processing of curved shapes different from that of straight edges? A. It brings a worse memory. B. It requires less mental effort. C. It causes more attention stress. D. It involves greater brain activity. 11. What does the text mainly talk about? A. Nature’s role in restoring mind. B. The gains of walking outdoors. C. The ways of training concentration. D. Surroundings’ effect on cognition. 2.（天津市南开大学附属中学2025-2026学年高二上学期第二次月考英语试卷，D篇） “Join our exciting wildlife watching tours and experience the holiday of a lifetime!” Eco-wildlife tours like this are becoming more and more popular with tourists. The opportunity to see whales and dolphins swimming in their natural habitat is so much better than seeing these great mammals in zoos and aquariums. As your boat edges out into the blue water, a group of dolphins come to greet you and swim around the boat, jumping playfully around you. In some places, tour companies even encourage tourists to go swimming with the dolphins. These intelligent mammals seem to enjoy our company, and interact with us. But is it possible that this kind of human activity is putting their survival at risk? A recent study has shown that the behaviour of whales and dolphins changes greatly when they are close to boats. Interpreting the boats as a possible danger, they start to breathe more quickly. The boats drive them away from the places where they feed and interrupt their routine of resting and taking care of their young. All of these factors could have a very negative effect on their general health. Another factor that should be taken into account is the effect of human attention on the animals. As they become more used to interacting with humans, they become less afraid of them. There have been several cases of tour boats running into dolphins or whales and causing their deaths. As dolphins live within close communities, events like these cause a lot of stress. Perhaps the best way to protect these animals is to reduce our interaction with them. This we could do by keeping a minimum distance between the animals and the boats, and by limiting the number of boats out on the water at one time. Most importantly, instead of disrupting these animals’ routines, we should try to adapt to them. In this way, we could learn to exist in harmony with these wild animals and ensure our continued co-existence on the planet that we all share. 51. According to the text, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a change in whale and dolphin behavior when boats are nearby? A. Their breathing becomes quicker. B. They are driven away from feeding grounds. C. They actively attack the boats to defend themselves. D. Their routines of resting and caring for their young are interrupted. 52. What’s the effect of human attention on the dolphins from Paragraph 3? A. Reduced potential risks of accidents. B. The gradual stress on dolphins’ communities. C. Dolphins’ better relationship with humans. D. Dolphins’ fear of human activities. 53. What measures does the article suggest to protect whales and dolphins? A Ban all tour boats from going out to sea forever. B. Reduce people’s interaction with them. C. Encourage more tourists to swim with them. D. Disturb the dolphins’ routines. 54. What is the author’s most likely attitude towards “swim-with-dolphins” tour programs? A Positive. B. Objective. C. Negative. D. Indifferent. 55. What is the author’s purpose in writing this article? A. To advertise exciting eco-wildlife watching tours. B. To describe the playful nature of dolphins and whales. C. To introduce the experiences of seeing animals in the wild. D. To analyze the problems of wildlife tour and possible measures. 学科网（北京）股份限公司1 / 31zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $