Unit 8 Making a difference课文语法填空和重难点突破 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

Unit 8 Making a difference 课文语法填空和重难点突破 一、语法填空练习 (Grammar Cloze) 阅读下面短文，根据上下文、语法及词汇提示，用括号中所给单词的正确形式或相关短语填空，每空一词。 Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for inviting me to speak to you about Blue Sky Rescue today. Let me begin with my own story. Back in 2008, I 1. (hike) in the mountains with some friends when one of them fell and got a bad head 2. (injure). We had to find help 3. (quick), so we called an emergency number. It was already dark, and we couldn’t even see where we were. After some time, we heard dogs barking and the 4. (voice) of the Blue Sky Rescue team. I nearly started crying. We were so 5. (thank) that they found us! I’ve never forgotten that day. 6. then, I’ve wanted to help others too. I 7. (sign) up with Blue Sky Rescue in 2009, and I’ve been a volunteer 8. since. We’ve been to schools and other communities to teach children and adults how to stay safe and prepare for the 9. (bad). We’ve also rescued people during emergencies. We 10. (provide) medical aid and searched for missing people after natural disasters, like the 2013 earthquake in Ya’an and the typhoon in the Philippines in the 11. year. Working as a volunteer has taught me many 12. _ (practice) life-saving skills. It has also helped me understand the power of teamwork 13. it’s the key to successful rescues. Most of all, being a volunteer 14. (teach) me the value of every life. The work is difficult. It’s 15. (volunteer), so we aren’t paid. We often go without food or sleep. But our goal has 16. been to save as many people as we can. I’m just an ordinary person, but I’ll rush into danger, just like everyone else in Blue Sky Rescue. To the people we’ve saved and their loved ones, I know we’re their 17. (hero). And that makes everything we do worth it. We want to do even 18. (much), but we can’t do it all alone. Will you join us 19. a volunteer? Together we can make a 20. (different)! 答案解析： 1. was hiking.考点：过去进行时。was/were doing... when... 是经典句型，表示 “正在做某事时，突然发生了另一件事”。描述 2008 年徒步的背景动作。 2. injury.考点：名词。a bad head injury（严重的头部受伤）。a 和形容词 bad 后需接名词 injury。 3. quickly.考点：副词修饰动词。修饰动词 find，需用副词 quickly（快速地）。4.voices.考点：名词复数。救援队有多名成员，因此是多个人的“声音”，用 复数 voices。 5. thankful.考点：形容词（-ful 后缀）。be thankful that..（. + -ful 构成形容词。 对…感到感激）。thank 6. Since.考点：连词 since（时间起点）。Since then（从那时起），引导时间状语，主句常用现在完成时。 7. signed.考点：一般过去时。有明确过去时间点 in 2009，表示过去一次性完成的动作，用一般过去时 signed。 8. ever.考点：固定搭配。ever since（从那时起一直…）是固定短语，强调从过去某一刻持续到现在。 9. worst.考点：形容词最高级。prepare for the worst（做最坏的打算）是固定表达，bad 的最高级是 worst。 10. have provided.考点：现在完成时（并列结构）。与 and 前的 have rescued 并列，描述截至演讲时已完成的救援工作，用现在完成时。主语 We，用 have provided。 11. same.考点：形容词。in the same year（在同一年），指前文提到的 2013 年。 12. practical.考点：名词转形容词。修饰名词 skills 需用形容词 practical（实用的）。practice (n./v.) → practical (adj.)。 13. 14. because.考点：连词 because（表原因）。because it's the key...（因为它是关键…）。引导原因状语从句，解释前文“理解团队力量”的原因。 15. has taught.考点：现在完成时（第三人称单数）。主语 being a volunteer（动名词短语）视作单数，强调“做志愿者（这一经历）已经教会了我”，用 has taught。 15.voluntary.考点：形容词作表语。It's voluntary（这是志愿性的）。volunteer 主要作名词/动词，其形容词形式是 voluntary（自愿的）。 16. always.考点：副词。has always been（一直以来都是）。always 常用于现在完成时，强调状态的持续性。 17. heroes.考点：名词复数。we 指整个救援队，所以对于被救者来说，“我们”是他们的“英雄们”，用复数 heroes。 18. more.考点：比较级。do even more（做得更多）。much 的比较级是 more， 与 even 连用加强语气。 19. as.考点：介词（身份）。join us as a volunteer（作为一名志愿者加入我们）。as 表示“以…身份”。 20. difference.考点：固定搭配。make a difference（产生影响，做出改变）是核心短语。different (adj.) → difference (n.)。 二、语法重难点点拨 本篇演讲是应用现在完成时的典范，并融合了大量关于志愿服务和品质描述的词汇。 （一）核心语法：现在完成时的综合运用 演讲者通过对比“过去的触发事件”（一般过去时）和“持续的志愿生涯与成就”（现在完成时），有力地论证了主题。 1. 标志词与功能： -`Since + 时间点`：第 6 空 `Since then`，标志着一个持续状态（想帮助他人）的起点。 · `ever since`：第 8 空，强调从 2009 年签约起“一直”是志愿者，毫无间断。 -无明确时间状语，但强调“迄今为止的经历与成就”：第 10 空 `We have provided...`，第 14 空 `has taught me`。这些动作发生在过去，但演讲者意在列举其“志愿者身份”所取得的成果和带来的个人成长，与现在密切相关。 2. 与一般过去时的对比： -叙述具体、已结束的过去事件用一般过去时：第 1 空 `was hiking`（背景），第 7 空 `signed up in 2009`（具体动作）。 -叙述从过去持续到现在或强调对现在影响的经历用现在完成时。 -解题核心：在叙事中，判断动作是叙述过去故事线的一部分（用过去时），还是总结个人经历、成就或持续状态（用现在完成时）。 （二）核心词汇：志愿服务与核心短语 1. 志愿活动相关： -`sign up`（报名参加） · `prepare for the worst`（做最坏打算）— 第 9 空考点，熟语。 -`provide aid`（提供援助） -`make a difference`（产生影响）— 第 20 空考点，单元核心短语。 2. 品质与价值： -`practical skills`（实用技能） -`the value of life`（生命价值） -`voluntary work`（志愿工作）— 第 15 空考点，词性转换。 -`heroes`（英雄）— 第 17 空考点，名词复数。 （三）词性转换与构词法 1. 名词 ↔ 形容词： -`injury` (n.) ← 受伤 (第 2 空) · `practical` (adj.) ← `practice` (n./v.) (第 12 空) · `voluntary` (adj.) ← `volunteer` (n./v.) (第 15 空) · `difference` (n.) ← `different` (adj.) (第 20 空) 2. 形容词 → 副词：`quick → quickly` (第 3 空) 3. 形容词等级：`bad → worst` (最高级，第 9 空) （四）逻辑连接词 1. 原因：`because` (第 13 空)，明确给出前一句观点的理由。 2. 时间：`Since` (第 6 空), `when` (第 1 空所在句)。 （五）综合解题策略（叙事与论述类文本） 1. 定基调，分层次：识别文本类型。本文是演讲，包含个人故事（过去时） 和观点论述与呼吁（现在完成时/一般现在时）两部分。 2. 抓标志，定时态： -看到 `since`, `for`, `ever since`，或隐含“到目前为止”的意思 → 现在完成时。 -看到 `in 2009`, `back in 2008`, `when` 引导的过去事件 → 一般过去时。 -叙述客观事实或普遍真理 → 一般现在时。 3. 析成分，变词性： -空格前是冠词(`a`, `the`)/形容词？ → 很可能填名词。 -空格前是系动词(`is`, `are`, `was`, `were`)？ → 很可能填形容词或名词。 -空格修饰动词/形容词/整个句子？ → 填副词（常以-ly 结尾）。 4. 联上下文，记搭配：遇到 `prepare for the worst`, `make a difference`, `ever since` 等固定搭配，直接套用。 三、巩固练习 (Consolidation Exercises) Part A: 用 since 或 for 填 空 1. He has been a doctor 2010. 2. They have lived here _ ten years. 3. I haven’t seen her last Friday. 4. We have been friends we were children. Part B: 志愿服务词汇填空 Complete the sentences with the correct words. 1. After the flood, many (志愿者) went to help. 2. The firefighter (冲进) the burning building to save the child. 3. Learning first aid is a very (实用的) skill. 4. Their kindness really _ (产生了影响) in my life. Part C: 词性转换 1. The rescue was (success). It showed the (powerful) of teamwork. 2. She spoke (quiet) but (clear). 3. This work is hard, but it’s (worth). It brings great (value) to society. 4. Part D: 根据提示，写一封简短的志愿者申请邮件开头 (Writing) You want to join an animal shelter (动物收容所) as a volunteer. Write 2-3 sentences for the beginning of your application email. Try to use the present perfect tense. 提示词：interested in, love animals, have experience, since, would like to 开头样例：Dear Sir/Madam, I have been interested in helping animals since I was a child. I have some experience taking care of pets. I would like to volunteer at your animal shelter. 巩固练习参考答案 Part A:1. since 2. for 3. since 4. since Part B:1. volunteers 2. rushed into 3. practical 4. made a difference Part C:1. successful, power 2. quietly, clearly 3. worthwhile / worth it, value Part D:(样例) Dear Manager, I have loved animals for many years. I have already volunteered at a pet shop since last summer. I would like to help more animals by joining your team. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $