Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Learning About Language & Using Language 同步练习-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册

Part 2　Learning About Language & Using Language 基础过关练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.If we continue to damage nature, someday it will be cruel 　　　　　 us.  2.　　　　　(unfortunate), due to the bad weather, the annual show has been cancelled.  3.Nowadays many enterprises believe that a good 　　　　　(advertise) campaign will increase their sales.  4.She is one of the strong 　　　　　(candidate) for the scholarship due to her excellent academic performance.  5.It can enhance task performance by providing clear 　　　　　(guide) or motivation.  6.By 12 April, 2024, more than two hundred people had been assigned 　　　　　(support) that mountainous area.   7.A recent national survey has revealed that 　　　　　(rough) three out of four high school students wear glasses, fueling concerns about eyesight problems among China's youth.   8.When she arrived home from work, the dog threw itself against the screen door and 　　　　　(bark) madly at her.  Ⅱ.单元语法专练 题型(一) 1.They 　　　　　(work) on their program all year and are hoping to finish it soon.  2.A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson 　　　　　(offer) free rides to college students for the past eight years.  3.Scientists 　　　　　(do) research on the disease all the time since it was first discovered in the early 20th century.  4.The woman 　　　　　(make) shoes since she was 19 years old and this year marks her 31st year in making cloth shoes.  5.Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she 　　　　　(study) English for a year.  6.The Browns 　　　　　(miss)the online shopping experience in China since they moved back to New Zealand one year ago.  7.In the latest UN report on global food security, the number of undernourished(营养不良) people in the world 　　　　　(rise), despite great advances in nutrition science.  8.Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I 　　　　　(help) the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.  题型(二) 用现在完成进行时完成句子 1.最近我们常常见面。 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　each other frequently recently.  2.这场森林大火到现在已经烧了很多天。 Until now the forest fire 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 for dozens of days.  3.在过去的十年里,他一直在拍摄这座城市,并在网上和展览中分享这些照片。(photograph) During the past decade, he 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 the city, and sharing these photos online and in exhibitions.  能力提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 　　The day I met Hani Irmawati, she stood alone in the parking lot of the international school. She was a shy, seventeen-year-old girl in worn clothing. Despite the school's policy against Indonesian students,she approached me, begging to improve her English. When I inquired about her motivation, expecting a local job search, she quietly expressed her dream of attending an American university. 　　Moved by her determination, I volunteered to help her after school. Each day, Hani woke at dawn and caught the city bus to her public high school. In the afternoon, she arrived at my classroom, exhausted but eager to learn. Despite her struggles for college-level English, her perseverance amazed me. 　　Hani's family lived modestly, her parents working as a custodian and a maid respectively. Their income couldn't support her American university aspirations, dampening my initial optimism. 　　In December 1998, a scholarship opportunity arose, but upon reviewing the requirements, I despaired. Hani lacked the extracurricular experience and standardized test scores typical of applicants. Despite my discouragement, she remained resolute, asking me to submit her application. Unable to refuse, I completed the application, highlighting her courage and perseverance. I warned her of slim acceptance odds, but she remained steadfast. 　　In the following weeks, Hani intensified her English studies, and I arranged for her to take the Test of English Fluency. The computerized test posed a significant challenge to her. Just before departing for the test, she received a letter from the scholarship association. I began reading the letter with her, only to discover she'd been accepted. 　　Overjoyed, I celebrated while Hani stood quietly, perhaps bewildered by my shock. At that moment, I realized what Hani had known all along: success requires not just intelligence, but also the drive to persevere and the courage to believe in oneself. 1.What motivated Hani to improve her English? A.Pressure from family members.　　　 B.Job prospects in the local community. C.Curiosity about foreign languages.　　　D.Ambition of entering an American university. 2.What can we infer about the difficulties that Hani had? A.Hani's parents were unsupportive of her dream. B.Hani was uninterested in extracurricular activities. C.Hani's application form was not submitted on time. D.Hani was not academically qualified for the scholarship. 3.How did the author likely feel upon discovering Hani's acceptance into the scholarship? A.Surprised and proud.　　　 B.Relieved but envious. C.Touched and honored.　　　D.Shocked but concerned. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A.From Shyness to Success　　　 B.A Scholar's Journey C.The Power of Perseverance　　　D.Hani's Unrealistic Dream Ⅱ.七选五 　　Doing something challenging takes courage, commitment and willpower. 　1　! Whether it's finding a decent job, learning a new skill or starting a new wellness routine, you'll grow and learn along the way. So, step out of your comfort zone and face the challenge. You'll learn lessons that can transform your life.   　　It builds your resilience(适应力). 　　When you face something difficult, you can build your resilience. Resilience isn't just a fixed quality that you're born with. 　2　. The key is to set small, attainable goals that push you a little outside of your comfort zone but still within reach. You'll gradually see progress and maintain motivation as you work toward self-improvement.   　　　3　.  　　You may not realize how incredible you are until you overcome something difficult. Dealing with a challenge shows your strengths, maybe some you didn't even know that you had! This self-awareness helps develop a sense of purpose. It also helps improve performance and leads to better decision-making. 　　It teaches you self-confidence. 　　Completing a challenge shows you do have the capability to succeed. In other words, when things get difficult, you have the strength to continue forward, giving you a newfound sense of self-worth. 　4　.  　　It helps you learn new skills. 　　If you want to improve your fitness, you challenge your body to become stronger, right?　5　! Challenging yourself helps you learn new skills that you improve over time with commitment and practice. So find a goal that you feel crazy about. You'll expand your mind as you learn new information and experience new situations.  A.But it's well worth it B.It develops self-awareness C.It helps you manage stress D.You can also train yourself to become resilient E.That same approach applies to just almost anything F.You'll experience a bad meal in an unfamiliar place G.You'll carry that confidence as you face future challenges 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　  Ⅲ.完形填空 　　Looking at a timeline of Kirstie Ennis' life, it's clear that to call her a go-getter would be a considerable understatement. By 31, she has made remarkable　1　, such as gaining three master's degrees, walking 1,000 miles across England, and climbing six of the world's tallest mountains, all after 　2 　 a tragic accident.  　　In 2012, the former soldier　3　 survived in a helicopter crash. Undergoing surgery, she eventually lost her left 　4 　 due to serious infection. Forced into medical retirement, Ennis needed to 　5　 a way to both process her trauma(创伤) and continue to 　6　 people, one of her main reasons for joining the army.  　　She found the answer in the great　7　. She began snowboarding and diving, participating in events to raise money for nonprofits. Soon, she had a more specific goal in mind: She would mount all the Seven Summits—the highest 　8　 on each of the seven continents. Since 2017, she's checked six of them off her list. Next spring, she would set to explore her final 　9　, the most difficult climb, Mount Qomolangma.  　　She has also set up the Kirstie Ennis Foundation, offering educational and　10　opportunities to people like her and introducing medical device technology to underserved parts of the world. Its assignment is to 　11　 individuals to bravely get over the mountains in front of them.  　　Ennis　12　 doubt about her capabilities. “People look at me and think ‘She's small, she's a woman, and she has one leg.’ 　13　 I enjoy the challenge, and being the underdog,” She added. “I'm 　14　 of myself and I want to show people that with self-belief and 　15　, nothing is impossible.”  1.A.commitments　　　B.discoveries C.contributions　　 　D.achievements 2.A.witnessing　　　B.overcoming C.preventing　　　D.investigating 3.A.barely　　　B.slightly C.probably　　　D.genuinely 4.A.arm　　　B.eye C.leg　　　D.ear 5.A.beg for　　　B.agree on C.make up　　　D.figure out 6.A.teach　　　B.amuse C.assist　　　D.comfort 7.A.cities　　　B.majority C.tradition　　　D.outdoors 8.A.degrees　　　B.peaks C.levels　　　D.awards 9.A.stage　　　B.project C.frontier　　　D.chance 10.A.healing　　　B.cultural C.financial　　　D.voluntary 11.A.unite　　　B.inspire C.educate　　　D.accompany 12.A.voices　　　B.spreads C.ignores　　　D.welcomes 13.A.Yet　　　B.Then C.Once　　　D.Soon 14.A.proud　　　B.ashamed C.critical　　　D.cautious 15.A.sincerity　　　B.patience C.generosity　　　D.perseverance 答案 基础过关练 Ⅰ.1.to　考查介词。句意:如果我们继续破坏自然,总有一天它会对我们残酷。be cruel to...表示“对……残酷”。故填to。 2.Unfortunately　考查副词。句意:不幸的是,由于糟糕的天气,一年一次的演出被取消了。该空位于句首,后面有逗号,逗号后句子成分完整,所以设空处应作状语,修饰整个句子,应用副词。故填Unfortunately。 3.advertising　考查名词。句意:如今,很多公司都认为良好的广告宣传活动会增加它们的销售量。设空处修饰其后的名词campaign,应用名词作定语,advertising campaign意为“广告宣传活动”。故填advertising。 4.candidates　考查名词复数。句意:由于她优异的学业成绩,她是该奖学金的有力候选人之一。根据空前的one of可知,设空处应用名词复数。故填candidates。 5.guidance　考查名词。句意:它能够通过提供明确的指导或激励来提高任务表现。设空处与motivation并列,都作providing的宾语,应用名词;根据语境可知此处表示“指导”,应用名词guidance。 6.to support　考查动词不定式。句意:截至2024年4月12日,两百多个人已经被派去支援那个山区。assign sb. to do sth.意为“指派某人做某事”,此处为其被动形式。故填to support。 7.roughly　考查副词。句意:最近的一项全国性调查显示,大约四分之三的高中生戴眼镜,这加剧了对中国青少年视力问题的担忧。设空处作状语,应用副词。故填roughly。 8.barked　考查动词的时态。句意:当她下班回到家时,那只狗猛地撞向纱门,并疯狂地对着她吠叫。设空处与threw是and连接的并列成分,共同作主句的谓语,所以设空处也应用一般过去时。故填barked。 Ⅱ.题型(一) 1.have been working　句意:他们一整年都在研究这个项目,希望很快就能完成。根据句中的“all year”和“are hoping to finish it soon”可知,他们一整年都在研究这个项目,到现在还没有结束,强调动作的持续性,应用现在完成进行时;主语They是复数,故填have been working。 2.has been offering　句意:76岁的威尔逊是一个退休的工程师,他在过去八年里一直为大学生提供免费乘车服务。根据句中的for the past eight years和语境可知,威尔逊在过去的八年里一直为大学生提供免费乘车服务,并且很可能继续下去,所以用现在完成进行时;主语为第三人称单数,故填has been offering。 3.have been doing　句意:自二十世纪初首次发现这种疾病以来,科学家们一直在研究这种疾病。根据“since it was first discovered in the early 20th century”和语境可知,科学家们一直在研究这种疾病,并且很可能继续下去,应用现在完成进行时;主语Scientists是复数,故填have been doing。 4.has been making　句意:这位女士从19岁起就一直在做鞋,今年是她做布鞋的第31个年头。根据句中的since she was 19 years old和语境可知,这位女士一直在做鞋,并且有可能继续做下去,所以用现在完成进行时;主语为The woman,故填has been making。 5.has been studying　句意:凯西正在阳光学校的课堂上记语法规则的笔记,她在那里学习英语已经一年了。根据句中的for a year和语境可知,凯西在那里学习英语已经一年了,并且很可能继续下去,所以用现在完成进行时;主语为she,故填has been studying。 6.have been missing　句意:自从一年前搬回新西兰后,布朗一家就一直怀念着在中国的网购经历。根据“since they moved back to New Zealand one year ago”和语境可知,miss这一动作从过去持续到现在,并且很可能继续下去,强调动作的延续性,应用现在完成进行时;主语The Browns 表示复数意义,故填have been missing。 7.has been rising　句意:在最新的联合国全球粮食安全报告中,尽管营养科学取得了巨大的进步,但是世界上营养不良的人口数量仍在增加。根据句中的In the latest UN report和语境可知,世界上营养不良的人口数量一直在增加,并且很可能继续增加,所以用现在完成进行时;“the number of+n.”作主语时谓语动词用单数,故填has been rising。 8.have been helping　句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“梦梦”和“娇庆”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的大熊猫饲养员更轻松、更自信地说英语。根据句中的Since June 2017和语境可知,“我”一直在帮助大熊猫饲养员提高英语口语水平,并且很可能继续下去,所以用现在完成进行时;主语为I,故填have been helping。 题型(二) 1.We have been seeing　2.has been burning　3.has been photographing 能力提升练 Ⅰ.语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了17岁女孩Hani Irmawati为了自己上大学的梦想而努力学习英语,最终获得了奖学金被大学录取的故事。 1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When I inquired about her motivation, expecting a local job search, she quietly expressed her dream of attending an American university.”可知,进入一所美国大学这一抱负促使Hani提高她的英语水平。故选D。 2.D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Hani lacked the extracurricular experience and standardized test scores typical of applicants.”可推测,Hani在学术上不符合获得奖学金的条件。故选D。 3.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Overjoyed, I celebrated while Hani stood quietly, perhaps bewildered by my shock.”可知,作者对Hani成功获得奖学金感到震惊;结合“At that moment, I realized what Hani had known all along...”和选项可推测,作者也感到自豪。故选A。 4.C　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了17岁女孩Hani Irmawati为了自己上大学的梦想而努力学习英语,凭借自己的毅力、决心和勇气,最终获得了奖学金被大学录取的故事。所以C项“毅力的力量”最适合作为文章的标题。故选C。 Ⅱ.语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了做具有挑战性的事情的好处。 1.A　设空处与上下文构成的语意结构为:做一些具有挑战性的事情需要勇气、投入和意志力。→　1　→无论是找到一份体面的工作,学习一项新技能,还是开始一项新的健康养生习惯,你都会在这个过程中成长和学习。由此可知,虽然做一些具有挑战性的事情有困难,但是这是值得的,会带来好处;A项“但是这很值得”承上启下,符合语境。故选A。  2.D　设空处与上下文构成的语意结构为:适应力不只是你与生俱来的一种固定品质。→　2　→关键是设定小的、可实现的目标,让你稍微走出舒适区,但仍在力所能及的范围内。上文指出适应力不是与生俱来的固定品质,下文提出具体的训练方法;由此可知,D项“你也可以训练自己变得有适应力”承上启下,符合语境。故选D。  3.B　根据文章结构可知,设空处应是段落小标题。根据段落中的“This self-awareness helps develop a sense of purpose.”等内容可以推测,本段主要介绍自我意识;B项“它培养自我意识”能概括本段主旨,符合语境。故选B。 4.G　根据本段小标题“It teaches you self-confidence.”和设空处上文“Completing a challenge shows...you have the strength to continue forward, giving you a newfound sense of self-worth.”可知,完成挑战会给你带来自信;G项“当你面对未来的挑战时,你会带着那种自信”承接上文,且G项中的“that confidence”呼应小标题中的“self-confidence”。故选G。 5.E　设空处与上下文构成的语意结构为:如果你想改善你的健康状况,你挑战你的身体来(让它)变得更强壮,对吗?→　5　→挑战自己帮助你学习新的技能,随着时间的推移,你可以通过投入和实践来提升这些技能。由此推测,设空处应由“挑战身体来使它变得更强壮”过渡到“挑战自己学习新技能”;E项“同样的方法几乎适用于任何事情”承上启下,符合语境。故选E。  Ⅲ.语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了Kirstie Ennis的生活经历。 1.D　根据下文“such as gaining three master's degrees, walking 1,000 miles across England, and climbing six of the world's tallest mountains”可知,这些都是她的成就。commitment承诺,保证;discovery发现;contribution贡献;achievement成就。故选D。 2.B　根据下文“...survived in a helicopter crash. Undergoing surgery, she eventually lost her left 　4　 due to serious infection.”可知,她经历了一场事故,而这所有的成就都是在她克服了这场事故之后实现的。witness见证;overcome克服;prevent防止;investigate调查。故选B。   3.A　根据下文可知,她在事故中勉强生还。接受手术后,她最终因严重感染失去了左腿。barely勉强才能;slightly稍微;probably很可能;genuinely真正地。故选A。 4.C　根据下文“People look at me and think ‘She's small, she's a woman, and she has one leg.'”可推测,她因严重感染失去了一条腿。arm臂;eye眼;leg腿;ear耳。故选C。 5.D　根据上文可知,她经历事故,并因严重感染失去了一条腿;而根据下文“She found the answer in the great 　7　.”可知,她需要想出一种方法来解决当时的处境,既能处理她的创伤,又能继续帮助人们。beg for乞求;agree on就……达成一致;make up组成,编造;figure out想出,弄明白。故选D。   6.C　上文提到她之前是一名军人,根据下文“one of her main reasons for joining the army”并结合常识和选项可知,她参军应该是为了帮助人们。teach教;amuse使娱乐;assist帮助;comfort安慰。故选C。 7.D　根据下文“She began snowboarding and diving, participating in events to raise money for nonprofits.”可知,她决定参加户外运动。city城市;majority大多数;tradition传统;the outdoors户外。故选D。 8.B　句中破折号后面的内容在解释the Seven Summits,即七大洲的最高峰。degree度数,程度;peak顶峰,山峰,山岳;level等级;award奖品。peak是summit的同义词。故选B。 9.C　根据上文可知,她为自己定了一个目标,即登上七大洲的最高峰,而目前她已经登上了其中的六个。由此可知,她还有最后一个边疆未去探索,也就是最难攀登的珠穆朗玛峰。stage舞台;project项目;frontier边疆,新领域;chance机会。故选C。 10.A　根据下文“introducing medical device technology to underserved parts of the world”可知,她想为像自己这样的人提供治疗机会。healing帮助治愈的;cultural文化的;financial金融的;voluntary自愿的。故选A。 11.B　根据空后的“to bravely get over the mountains in front of them”可推测,她想用自己的经历激励人们战胜困难,挑战自我。unite联合;inspire激励;educate教育;accompany陪伴。故选B。 12.C　根据下文“People look at me and think ‘She's small, she's a woman, and she has one leg.' ...being the underdog”可知,虽然人们对她的能力抱有怀疑,但是她自己却无视这些,并且享受这种挑战。voice表达;spread传播;ignore忽视;welcome欢迎。故选C。 13.A　空前的“People look at me and think ‘She's small, she's a woman, and she has one leg.’...”和空后的“I enjoy the challenge, and being the underdog”之间构成转折关系。yet然而;then然后;once曾经;soon很快。故选A。 14.A　根据上文可知,她勇于挑战,取得了很多非凡的成就;再根据下文“I want to show people...nothing is impossible”可知,她为自己感到自豪。proud自豪的;ashamed羞愧的;critical批判的;cautious谨慎的。故选A。 15.D　根据上文可知,她在失去一条腿后,仍然坚持不懈,实现了自己爬山的目标,她为自己感到骄傲。由此可知,她认为只要有自信和毅力,什么都可以实现。sincerity真诚;patience耐心;generosity慷慨;perseverance毅力,韧性。故选D。 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $