2026年中考英语总复习语法专题五 介词课件

专题五: 介词 总 法 语 考 中 复 习 介词 (Preposition) 属于虚词，一般用于名词或代词前，表示该词与句子其他成分的关系。 介词在句子中不能单独使用。介词后面的名词或代词称为介词宾语，介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语。 介 词 (Preposition) 03 02 表示时间 01 方式途径 地点方位 考点一 介词分类和用法 一、介词分类和用法 in 表示一段时间，用于年、月、世纪、四季或用于泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上前； in 2024, in July in winter in the 21st century　　 in the morning “in+一段时间”表示在一段时间之后，用于将来时 in a few days on 用于具体某一天或某一天的早上、下午、晚上前 on September 1st on a cold winter day 用于星期、节日前 on Saturday on Teachers’ Day on Women’s Day 时间介词 一、介词分类和用法 at 用于具体的时间点前或黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜前； at half past ten　 　　 at noon/night 表示年龄 at the age of 15 during 在……期间 during the summer holiday for 后接时间段,表示延续多久 Alice has been in China for six years. 时间介词 一、介词分类和用法 since 后接时间点/时间的分界线,或表示时间点的时间状语从句,常用于现在完成时 I have lived here since 2010. I have lived here since ten years ago. I have lived here since I was a child. from 后接开始的时间,常用搭配：from…to… 从……到…… From now on, I'll get up early. before 在……之前 I must finish all the work before ten o'clock. 时间介词 一、介词分类和用法 after 后接时间点,常用于将来时 I will go to school after seven o'clock. 后接以过去为起点的时间段,多用于过去时 Uncle Tom finished school after three years. by by+时间点(表过去),常用于过去完成时 By 2019, I had worked there for ten years. by+时间点(表将来),常用于将来完成时 By the end of this term, I will have learned 1,000 English words. 时间介词 一、介词分类和用法 before 在……之前 I must finish all the work before ten o'clock. after 后接时间点,常用于将来时 I will go to school after seven o'clock. 后接以过去为起点的时间段,多用于过去时 Uncle Tom finished school after three years. 时间介词 一、介词分类和用法 until/till 用于否定句中，意为“直到……才……”，其谓语动词多用瞬间性动词； 用在肯定句中，意为“直到……为止”，其前谓语动词须用延续性动词 The meeting won’t be held until 6 pm. 时间介词 一、介词分类和用法 at 后接较小的场所或具体地点 at home at the bus station on 与……表面接触 on the floor 表示两地接壤 Guangxi is on the west of Guangdong. in 表示在较大的地方(国家、省、城市等) in China, in Hebei 在周围环境是立体的地方 in the forest in the classroom 地点方位 一、介词分类和用法 to 在……范围之外,不接壤 Japan is to the east of China. over 指“在……(垂直的)正上方”，与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触，同under相对 There is a bridge over the river. 表示“(覆盖)在……上”，有遮蔽之意 He spreads the table cloth over the table. under 表示“在……正下方”，两者不接触 My schoolbag is under the desk. 地点方位 一、介词分类和用法 above 表示“在……的上方”，两者不接触，不一定垂直 The picture is above the bed. below 表示“在……的下方”，两者不接触，不一定垂直 The coat reaches below the knees. 地点方位 一、介词分类和用法 across 意为“横过；穿过”，指从一边到另一边，指从表面通过 walk across the road over 意为“横过；越过”，指从上方经过、跨越 We must go over the mountain. through 意为“穿过；通过；经过”，指从空间内部通过 go through the forest past 意为“经过”，指从旁边经过 I often go past the shop after school. 地点方位 一、介词分类和用法 near 在……附近 The Smiths have decided to buy a house near the sea. beside 在……旁边，相当于next to Jenny is sitting on the sofa and Danny is sitting beside her. behind 在……后面 There’s a really big park behind the museum. inside 在……里面 Then they heard an old woman’s voice from inside the house. 地点方位 一、介词分类和用法 outside 在……外面 Ben could hear strong winds outside his home in Alabama. along 沿着 My parents often walk along the river after supper. around 环绕，在……周围 The earth moves around the sun. 地点方位 一、介词分类和用法 by by+表示交通工具的单数名词,且名词前不加任何修饰词 by plane, by bus, by subway by+与交通有关的名词,表示交通方式 I will go there by sea. “by+名词/动名词”表示凭借工具或手段 Some work must be done by hand. with 表示用具体的东西，后接表示工具或身体部位的词 I often do my homework with a pen. 方式途径 一、介词分类和用法 in in+封闭的交通工具,且名词前有限定词 Alan goes to work in his sister's car. in+某种材料/语言/声音等 She wrote a letter in black ink. Can you say it in English? on on+开放型或大型交通工具,且名词前有限定词；固定搭配除外，如on foot My father goes to work on a bus every morning. 表示用网络、电话、收音机、电视等 They talked on the phone and made a deal. 方式途径 一、介词分类和用法 among 在……之间(强调三者及三者以上) The teacher is among the students. for 为了(表示目的) What can I do for you？ (对象、用途等)给 I’m writing a poem for Grandma. between 在……之间(两者) I have to make a choice between the two jobs. 其他介词 一、介词分类和用法 without 没有，缺乏 He found the place without difficulty. 不和……在一起；无……相伴 Don’t go without me. 不(做某事)，无 He left without saying anything. with 和……在一起，和，同 He came in with a book in his hand. 有，具有 There is a girl with a red hat under the tree. 随着，由于 With the development of the society, people pay more attention to their health. 其他介词 一、介词分类和用法 except 除了……之外(没有) We go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday. as 作为，以……身份 He came to our school as an exchange student. 像，如同，跟……一样 He speaks English as an Englishman. 其他介词 一、介词分类和用法 from (表示来源)来自 I am from a small town in Guangxi. (表示起始点)从……起；始于 Has the train from Beijing arrived？ (表示所用的原料)由……制成 Wine is made from grapes. 其他介词 一、介词分类和用法 like 相似，类似，像 She was like a princess in a fairy tale. 例如，比如 Jane likes many sports, like running and swimming. 像……一样 Let me talk to you like a teacher. of ……的 Red is a symbol of luck in China. towards 向；朝；对着 He had his back towards me. 其他介词 考点二 常见介词短语 二、常见介词短语 动词＋介词 arrive in/at 到达 learn from sb. 向某人学习 ask for 请求 leave for 动身去 do well in 在……做得好 listen to 听 get to 到达 look at 看着 hear from sb. 收到某人的来信 look like 看起来像 hear of/about 听说 talk about 谈论 help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 send for 派人去请 二、常见介词短语 动词＋介词 shout at 对……大声叫喊 begin with 以……开始 think of 想起 deal with 处理 think about 考虑 fall off 摔倒 turn into 把……变成 die of / from 死于 regard… as 把……当作 put on 穿上 wait for 等待 pass on 传递 fill with 充满 spend… on 在……上花费 二、常见介词短语 动词＋介词 call on 号召；访问；邀请 depend on依靠 believe in 相信 belong to 属于 laugh at 嘲笑 worry about 担心 write to sb. 写信给某人 prefer… to… 比起……更喜欢…… prepare for 为……做准备 take pride in 为……而自豪 二、常见介词短语 介词 + 名词 at / by the end of 在……的尽头 without one’s help 没有某人的帮助 at home 在家 to one’s surprise 使某人惊讶的是 at once 立刻 on one’s way to 在某人去……的路上 at last 最后 in/on time 及时 / 准时 on foot 步行 in trouble/danger 处于困难/危险中 by bike/bus/train 骑车/乘公交车/乘火车 to one’s surprise 使某人惊讶的是 with one’s help 在某人的帮助下 by the way 顺便说说 二、常见介词短语 介词 + 名词 on one’s way to 在某人去……的路上 in/on time 及时/准时 in trouble/danger 处于困难/危险中 in a hurry 匆忙 in need 有需要的；处于困境中 for example 例如 in fact 事实上 in public 公开地 in person 亲身 at that time 当时 二、常见介词短语 形容词 + 介词 be sorry for 对……感到抱歉 be angry with sb. 生某人的气 be afraid/scared of 害怕 be ready for 为……做好准备 be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格 be strict in sth. 对某事要求严格 be worried about 担心 be busy with sth. 忙于做某事 be famous/known for 因……而出名 be famous/known as 作为……而出名 be full of 充满 be good for 对……有好处 be good at 擅长 be interested in 对……感兴趣 二、常见介词短语 形容词 + 介词 be late for 迟到 be proud of 为……感到骄傲 be close to 靠近 be tired of 对……厌倦 be bored with 对……感到厌烦 考点专练 考点专练 1. Fan Jinshi, born _______ 1938, has devoted all her time to protecting Dunhuang cultural heritage. A．at B．on C．in D．by 2. _______ May 30, 2023, China’s manned spaceship Shenzhou XV blasted off from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. A．At B．In C．On D．To 3. Harbin holds the “Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival” ________ January 5th every year. A．at B．on C．in D．to C C B 考点专练 4. They had a taste of what it was like to travel _______ space. A．on B．in C．for D. at 5. The Dragon Boat Race was held ________ June 9th last year. Many people watched it ________ TV.  A. in; on　 B. in; in　 C. on; on　 D. on; in 6. —Many doctors and nurses went to Hubei in February. —Hubei is far from Heilongjiang. It’s ________ the south of China, 　　　　 the south of Henan.  A.in; to　 　 B.on; to　 　 C.in; on　 　 D.to; in B C C 考点专练 7. —Jack,can you swim ________ the river?  —I don’t think I can. It’s too wide for me. A.over　 　B.across　 C.through　 D.along 8. The children here improve their English ________ listening and speaking every day.  A.on　 　B.through　 C.with　 　 D.by 9. Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures _________ a camera.　  A.with　 　 B.like　 　 C.for　 　 D.of B D B 考点专练 10. There is a piano ________ the wall in my study. I usually practise playing it in my free time. A.above B.against C.around D.among 11. She said__________ tears in eyes on stage, "I have been lucky, but I've had my share of heartbreak __________the way". A.with; in B.with; along C.in; along D.in; by 12. We’ll have the school photo competition ________ the end of June. A.at B.in C.for D.during 13. The students all passed the exam _______ Jack. He was really sad. A.except B.beside C.besides D.expect B B A A 考点专练 14. A cloth bag for shopping is not expensive; ________, you can use it several times. A.besides B.anyway C.however D.instead 15. —Did you study any other language ________ English when you were at college? —Yes, I also studied French there. But I have forgotten all ________ a few words of each. A.besides; besides B.but; except C.except; except D.besides; except A D THANKS 总 法 语 考 中 复 习 $