2026年中考英语一轮复习 专题九 简单句 课件

专题九 简单句 教材通关册 1 考点 考向 基本句型 ①简单句的五种基本句型 ②There be结构_________ 陈述句 ①肯定句： 主语+谓语（+其他）. ②否定句： 主语+don’t/doesn’t/didn’t+动词原形（+其他）. 主语+am not/isn’t/aren’t/can’t/hasn’t/haven’t/...+... 疑问句 ①一般疑问句： Do/Does/Did+主语+动词原形（+其他）？ Am/Is/Are/Can/Has/Have/...+主语+...？ ②特殊疑问句： What/Who/When/Where/Why/How/How often/...+ 一般疑 问句？ 2 考点 考向 祈使句_________ ①肯定形式： 动词原形（+...）/... ②否定形式： Don’t+动词原形（+...）/... 感叹句 ①what引导的感叹句： What+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式 （+主语+谓语）! What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！ ②how引导的感叹句： How+形容词/副词（+主语+谓语）! 续表 3 考点1 简单句的基本句型 一、简单句的五种基本句型 1.主语+不及物动词 I live near a supermarket. （near a supermarket为状语，作修饰成分） 2.主语+及物动词+宾语 We bought an expensive house. （expensive为定语，作修饰成分） 3.主语+系动词+表语 All of these experiences are interesting for us. （for us为状语，作修饰成分） 4 4.主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 Doing sports brings us health. 拓展 通常间接宾语是人，直接宾语是物，即“动词+sb.+sth.”。如果动词后为某物，则需要加上 介词to/for再加某人，即“动词+sth.+to/for+sb.”。如：buy sb. sth.=buy sth. for sb. （给某人买某物）；send/show/return sb. sth.=send/show/return sth. to sb. （给某人寄 送/展示某物/归还某物给某人）。 5.主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语 We found the book interesting. 5 二、There be 结构（存现句） 1.结构及意义：“There be+某物/某人+某地/某时”结构表示“某地或某时有某物或某人”。 例：There is a good movie on TV tonight.（今天晚上电视上有一部好电影。） 2.There be结构的就近原则：be动词的单复数形式必须和There be 之后的第一个主语保 持一致。 例：There is an apple and two books on the table. 3.There be结构的时态：There be结构时态的变化体现在be动词上，而且be动词可以和各 种助动词或情态动词连用。#3 6 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 There is/are... There are forty students in the classroom. 一般过去时 There was/were... There was a talk show on TV yesterday. 一般将来时 There will be...或There is/are going to be... There will be a concert on Saturday. There is going to be a football game tomorrow. 7 考点1 短文填空基础练 1.There ____（be） many modern high-speed railways in Jiangsu and they help people travel easily. 2.We hope there ________（be） a computer on every student’s desk in the future. 3.There ____（be） not any tests to measure how kind you are to your friends, or how much you love to draw. 4.There ____（be） a few things that you can do. 5.A great saying always helps a lot. There ____（be） a lot of great Chinese sayings and many of them are about how to live a good life. are will be are are are 8 6.There will be _____（rain） tomorrow. We can’t eat out. We have to stay at home. 7.It was getting colder and colder, and there ______（be） less than 10 people in the square. 8.Scientists worry that soon there __________（not be） enough water for us. What can we do to help? Use water wisely. rain were won’t be 9 考点2 句子种类 句子按其用途可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四类。 一、陈述句 陈述句用来陈述事实或表达说话者的看法，分为肯定句和否定句。句末通常用句号。 10 类型 结构或用法 例句 肯定句 基本结构：主语+谓语（+其他） I played basketball yesterday. 否定句 谓语部分只有实义动词时：主语 +don’t/doesn’t/didn’t+谓语动词原形 They didn’t play basketball yesterday. 谓语部分含有系动词be、助动词、情 态动词时，否定形式为在它们后面直 接加not Jim isn’t playing football now. We can’t live without water. 11 二、疑问句 1.疑问句的分类和结构#1 类型 含义及特点 结构 例句 一般疑 问句 以系动词be、助动 词或情态动词开 头，可以用yes或no 来回答 谓语部分只有实义动 词时：Do/Does/Did+ 主语+谓语动词原形+ （其他）？ —Does she live in Beijing? —Yes, she does./No, she doesn’t. 12 类型 含义及特点 结构 例句 一般疑 问句 以系动词be、助动 词或情态动词开 头，可以用yes或no 来回答 谓语部分含有系动词 be、情态动词或助动 词时，系动词be、情 态动词或助动词在主 语前 —Are you a middle school student? —Yes, I am./No, I am not. —Have you ever been to Shanghai? —Yes, I have. /No, I haven’t. 续表 13 类型 含义及特点 结构 例句 特殊疑 问句 由疑问词（组）引 导，不能用yes或no 来回答 疑问词（组）+一般 疑问句？ —Where does she live? —She lives in Beijing. 续表 14 类型 含义及特点 结构 例句 选择疑 问句 在两种或两种以上 情况中进行选择的 疑问句； 回答不用 yes或no，而是一个 完整的句子或其省 略形式 一般选择疑问句：一 般疑问句+or+被选择 的内容之一？ —Do you like apples or pears? —I like pears. 特殊选择疑问句：特 殊疑问句， A or B？ —Which do you like better, tea or coffee? —I like coffee better. 续表 15 2.疑问词（组）#2 类型 疑问词（组） 含义及用法 示例 疑问 代词 what “什么”，没有指定的范围 What would you like? 询问某人的职业 —What’s your father? —He is a teacher. which “哪一个/些”，范围明确 Which is your favourite season? 16 类型 疑问词（组） 含义及用法 示例 疑问 代词 who “谁” ，询问某人的身份、 姓名，作主语或宾语 （紧跟在介词后面时只能用 whom） Who is the boy under the tree? Who/Whom are you talking to? whom “谁”，who的宾格形式，作 宾语 To whom are you talking? whose “谁的”，多位于名词前 Whose book is this? 续表 17 类型 疑问词（组） 含义及用法 示例 疑问 副词 （词 组） when “什么时候”，问时间 When do you get up? where “在哪里”，问地点 Where is my ruler? why “为什么”，问原因 （常用because或不定式回 答） Why do you like spring? Why did Tom go to the library yesterday? how “怎样”，问方式 —How do you go to school? —By bike/bus. 续表 18 类型 疑问词（组） 含义及用法 示例 疑问 副词 （词 组） how far “多远”，问距离 How far is it from here? how long “多久”，问持续时间 （常用“for+时间段”回答） —How long have you lived in Beijing? —For ten years. “多长”，问长度 How long is the Yellow River? 续表 19 类型 疑问词（组） 含义及用法 示例 疑问 副词 （词 组） how often “多久一次”，问频率 （可以用“once/twice/three times+时间段”或every day 等回答） —How often do you go to the cinema? —Twice a month. how soon “多久”，问要多长时间 （常用“in+时间段”回答） —How soon can you finish it? —In an hour. 续表 20 类型 疑问词（组） 含义及用法 示例 疑问 副词 （词 组） how much “多少钱”，问价格 How much is the milk? “多少”，问不可数名词的量 How much water is left? how many “多少”，问可数名词的数量 How many days are there in a year? how old “多大年纪”，问年龄 How old are you? 续表 21 三、祈使句 祈使句用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告、建议等。主语you常常省略，谓语 动词用原形。 类型 结构 例句 肯定 形式 动词原形（+...） Read English loud! Be quiet! let+宾语+动词原形（+...） Let me help you. 否定 形式 don’t+动词原形（+...） Don’t talk in class. Don’t be late again! no+名词/动词的-ing形式 No smoking. （=Don’t smoke.） never+动词原形（+...） Never give up! let+宾语+not+动词原形（+...） Let’s not talk about it. 22 拓展 “祈使句, and/or+含有一般将来时的陈述句”句型 此句型中，祈使句表示条件，在意义上相当于一个条件状语从句。and表顺承;or表不做某 事的后果，意为“否则”。如：Study hard, and you will get a better grade next time. 23 四、感叹句 感叹句是用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子。常用what和how引导。#1 类别 结构 例句 what引导 的感叹句 What+a/an+形容词+可数名词的 单数形式（+主语+谓语）! What a beautiful girl （she is）! What+形容词+可数名词复数/不 可数名词（+主语+谓语）! What important jobs （they have done）! What good news （it is）! how引导的 感叹句 How+形容词/副词（+主语+谓 语）! How delicious （the noodles are）! How fast （the river runs）! 24 易错提示 what 引导的感叹句中心词是名词；how引导的感叹句中心词是形容词/副 词。 如“ ________ interesting books these are!”的中心词为books，句中these are为主语和谓 语，因此填What；而“ ________ interesting the books are!”的中心词是interesting，the books are为主语和谓语，因此填How。#1.1.2 25 考点2 一、短文填空基础练 1. ______（keep） trying and do your best. Keep 2.—The pen can translate what you write down into English. — _______ an interesting invention! What 3. _______（spend） less time on the phone at night, or you will find it hard to fall asleep. 4.The C919, China’s self-made large plane, is now in use. ______ exciting the news is! 5.Sometimes her grandchildren say to her, “Please _________ （not go） out in your car all by yourself, Granny. We can take you to the shops.” Spend How don’t go 26 二、写作基础练（翻译句子） 1.不用时，请关掉电灯、电视和电脑。 _________________________________________________________________ Please turn off lights, TVs and computers when they are not in use. 2.我们能做什么来帮助有需要的人？ ________________________________________ What can we do to help people in need? 3.别放弃！尽最大的努力，你一定会成功！ _______________________________________________ Don’t give up! Try your best and you’ll succeed! 27 一、短文填空基础练 1. ______ strange it was! I left my book on the desk, but it was on the sofa when I came back. 2. ______（close） your eyes and let music paint pictures in your mind. When the music ends, ______（open） your eyes and write down what you remember. 3.There ___（be） some good advice and ways about how to use the Internet correctly and wisely. 4.The cheers filled the air. _______ an exciting basketball game! How Close open is What 28 5.—Attention, please! ______（stay） inside because of the heavy rain. —We will, Mr. Li. Stay 6. _______ useful knowledge the astronaut in Tiangong Classroom has taught us! 7.Lastly, act now! Speak clearly, ______ （raise） your head and you’ll notice the difference in the way you feel and the way people see you. What raise 8.—Dad, shall we go to the library by bike or by car? —By bike. There ___（be） no parking lot there. is 29 二、写作基础练（翻译句子） 1.我们的学校旅行多么不寻常!我永远不会忘。（what） _________________________________________________________ What an unusual school trip we had! I will never forget it. 2.无论你做什么，都不要失去勇气。（whatever, never） _________________________________________ Whatever you do, never lose your courage. 3.这个周末，秦皇岛有一场大型音乐会。 _______________________________________________________ There will be a big concert in Qinhuangdao this weekend. 4.你通常怎样使用零花钱? （spend） _____________________________________________ How do you usually spend your pocket money? 5.让我们看看十年后我们中多少人能实现自己的梦想。 ______________________________________________________________ Let’s see how many of us can realize our dreams ten years later. 30 谢谢观看 31 $