内容正文:
中考专项复习
——名词
1
1.可数名词的单、复数
2.不可数名词
3.名词所有格
语法 名词
【名词定义】
表示人或事物的名称(the name of people or things)
【名词分类】
名词
专有名词
普通名词
表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织、节日、月份、一周七天的名称等名称的词。
专有名词中的实词要大写(动词,名词,形容词,副词,代词,数词)。
虚词通常小写(冠词,介词,连词)
缩写都是大写
可数名词
不可数名词
规则变化
不规则变化
语法 名词
【名词变复数规则变化】
countable noun
1. 一般情况下,直接在名词后加~s; 例:cake---cakes, leg---legs
2. 在以s, sh, ch, x 结尾的名词后加~ es ;
例: dress---dresses, dish---dishes, watch---watches, box---boxes
stomach--stomachs
3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,把y改为i再加~es ;例:city---cities,
4. 以o结尾的名词,一般加~s;例:radio---radios, zoo---zoos, photo--photos
特殊: Negro, hero, potato, tomato,mango之后加~es;
( 黑人、英雄爱吃土豆、西红柿和芒果 ) 。
5. 以f 或 fe 结尾的名词,变f或fe为v再加~es。
例:leaf-leaves, knife-knives, wife-wives
语法 名词
妻子持刀去砍狼,
小偷吓得发了慌,
躲在架后保己命,
半片树叶遮目光。
wife
knife
wolf
thief
shelf
self
life
half
leaf
wife
knife
wolf
thief
shelf
self
life
half
leaf
以f 或 fe 结尾的名词,变f或fe为v再加~es。
wives
knives
wolves
thieves
shelvesselves
lives
halves
leaves
学以致用
Different people may have different _____.(idea)
2. Are there any _________in the box? (watch)
3. The ________ are asleep. (baby)
4. I know one of the . (boy)
5. Jim has some . (knife)
6. In autumn, there are many falling ______on the ground . (leaf)
7.I’d like to take some tomorrow? (photo)
8.Would you like some ? (tomato)
ideas
watches
babies
boys
knives
leaves
photos
tomatoes
名词复数的不规则变化
1.manmen womanwomen policemanpolicemen
与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。
如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。
“中日不变,英法变,其它国家人直接+s”
3. GermanGermans
Chinese Chinese
JapaneseJapanese
Italian Italians
2. 变词尾的man为men: A Frenchman two Frenchmen
An Englishman two Englishmen
名词复数的不规则变化
4. footfeet toothteeth goosegeese
5. mousemice
6.child children
7.单复数同形:sheep sheep fish fish deer deer
名词复数的不规则变化
8. 集体名词 以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
如: people police staff 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a staff,但可以说 a person,a policeman,a clerk,
the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。
如: The Chinese are hard-working and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
9. 以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。
b. news 是不可数名词。
c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. <<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。
名词修饰名词
1. 将后面名词变为复数
e.g: a boy studentboy students
a flower shopflower shops
2. 当第一个名词 为man或woman时,将2个名词均变为复数
e.g: a woman teacher two women teachers
a man nurse two men nurses
1.The two girls are ______________ ( Japan ) .
2. Look, the ________ (woman) are singing.
3. The ____________( child ) are washing their________( foot ) .
4.There are two __________( people ) and lots of____________( sheep ) in the fields .
学以致用
Japanese
women
children
feet
people
sheep
不可数名词
类别 例词
液体类 water, milk, juice, orange, coffee, tea, Coke, ink, rain, wine
食物类 meat, fish, chicken, beef, pork, mutton, rice, salt, sugar, porridge, bread
语言类 Chinese, Japanese, English, French, German,
材料类 metal,silver,iron, glass, grass, paper, silk, cotton, wool, wood, hair, plastic
其他类 snow, ice, wind, sunshine, weather,news, money, knowledge, homework, housework, information, work, advice, fun
不可数名词量的表达
how much,much
a little, little
some, any, plenty of
数词+量词+of+不可数名词
a piece of news
two cups of tea
six bags of rice
some milk
a lot of money
a little time
lots of (a lot of)
a bit of
“既可数又不可数的名词,但意义不同”。
chicken—鸡(可数); 鸡肉(不可数)
room—房间(可数); 空间(不可数)
fish—鱼(可数); 鱼肉(不可数)
salad/ice-cream— 一份(可数);物质(不可数)
glass—玻璃杯(可数); 玻璃(不可数)
paper—试卷,报纸(可数); 纸张(不可数)
time—倍数,次数(可数); 时间(不可数)
work—作品(可数); 工作(不可数)
experience—经历(可数); 经验(不可数)
1.Mr Smith always has _____ to tell us.
A. some good pieces of news
B. some pieces of good news
C. some good piece of news
D.some piece of good news
2.I'm so hungry. Please give me _____ to eat.
A. three piece of bread
B. three pieces of bread
C. three pieces of breads
D.three piece of breads
3.Mr Li is alway patient to give me_____ on how to work out the problems.
A .an advice B. many advice
C. some advice D.lot of advice
B
B
C
【名词所有格】
语法 名词
1.表示有生命的人或物的名词所有格形式,名词词尾无s加's,词尾有s直接加 “ ' ”。
Mary's book;the three girls' father ; Children's Day
2.分别拥有分别加,共同拥有加后面,如:
Mary and Jane's car(她俩人共有的车)
Mary's and Jane's cars(她俩各自的车)
’s
(3)表示店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地点时,名词所有格后面的名词习惯上省略。如:
to my aunt's=to my aunt's house;
(4)有些指时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城镇等无生命的名词,也可以加's构成所有格。如:
a week's time ; two weeks’ time.
five minutes’ walk
语法 名词
语法 名词
【名词所有格】
of
1.表示无生命的东西的所有格形式:名词+of+所有者,如:
the name of the dog 小狗的名字
the map of China 中国地图
3.双重所有格:即of+名词所有格或of+名词性物主代词,如:
a book of my daughter's (books) 我女儿的一本书
The friend of his is very kind.他的朋友非常友好。
( ) 1. —Is the schoolbag under the desk yours?
—No, it’s my _________. He left it there just now.
A. brother B. brother’s
C. brothers’ D. brothers
( ) 2. This is_________ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.
A. Jenny and Maria’s
B. Jenny’s and Maria
C. Jenny’s and Maria’s
D. Jenny and Maria
B
A
练习:单项选择
1.I can see three ________ in the zoo.
A monkeies B monkeys C monkey
2.The pig has four ______.
A. foot B. feet C. foots
3.My two brothers are both ______.
A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen
4.There are four ___________ in the class.
Japanese B. Japaneses C. Japan
5.I can see ten _____ in the picture.
sheep B. dog C. pig
B
B
C
A
A
summary
普通
名词
可数名词
不可数名词
单数
复数
a
an
规则变化
1.一般在词后面直接加”s”
2.以s、x、ch、sh结尾的加“es”
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y-I
再加“es”
4.以f、fe结尾的变f、fe-v再加“es“
5.以字母o结尾的加”s”或“es”
不规则名词
1.foot tooth
2.man woman
3.Child
4.mouse
单复数同形
Chinese
Japanese
fish
sheep
deer
how much,much
little a little
Some any plenty
数词+量词+of+不可数名词
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