Unit1 Grammar～Integration 知识点+练习讲义2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

（默写巩固） 单词 1 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 举世闻名的 最近 已经；早已 尚（未）；还 记者 交通线；线（条）；行；列 迈步；踩；踏；行走 宽的；宽阔的 一排；一列；一行 村民 近来的；新近的 抱有希望；满怀希望 旅客；房客；客人 旅游业；观光业 空的 公共的；公众的 普遍的；共同的 小旅馆 词组 自从他大学毕业以来 生活条件 多亏了便捷的公共交通系统 将城镇中心的一部分改造成一个新的公园 迄今为止 看着一名记者正在采访一位外国人 爱上 聆听有关我们城市的想法 踏上宽阔、干净的马路 看到一排排崭新的房屋 狭窄且泥泞 多亏了政府的支持 最近几年中 对未来充满希望 卖货 开设一家民宿 过夜 曾经是一片空地 当我像你这么大的时候 公共/生活空间 回来后会做各种各样的工作 现代住宅或公寓 做某事是常见的 带来知识和技能，以帮助当地民众 Grammar 【知识梳理】现在完成时 一、现在完成时的构成：have/has done 过去分词的变化规则： · 规则变化=过去式 1. 大多数动词：直接加-ed（finish → finished） 2. 以e结尾的动词：加-d（change → changed） 3. 辅音字母+y结尾的动词：变y为i加-ed（carry → carried） 4. 重读闭音节（元音+辅音）结尾的动词：双写辅音加-ed（stop → stopped） · 不规则变化 1. 无变化：come → come, hurt → hurt 2. 变辅音：hold → held, win → won 3. 变元音：catch → caught, keep → kept 4. 变元音+辅音：forget → forgotten, tell → told 5. 其他：be → been, have → had, fall → fallen, fly → flown, draw → drawn, see → seen 二、现在完成时的用法（核心要点） 1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。 He has turned off the light.(对现在影响：你不用再去关灯了/他已经睡觉了） I have visited Beijing many times.（对现在影响：我对北京很熟悉/我知道怎么买票） 2. 表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并有可能继续下去。 He has lived here since 1995.（从1995年一直持续到现在,还有可能继续下去） Mike has just finished his homework.（finish的动作不继续下去） She has been sick since last month.（生病还有可能继续下去） 3. 表示过去发生的动作到现在有反复发生的次数。 He has watched the film twice My grandfather has told me the story several times. 三、现在完成时的句型 肯定句式---主语+have/has+过去分词 否定句式---主语+haven’t/hasn’t+过去分词 一般疑问句式---Have/Has+主语+过去分词 特殊疑问句式 疑问词+have/has+过去分词(对主语提问) 肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/has 否定回答：No,主语+haven't/hasn't 疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词（对非主语提问） I have already read the book I haven't finished my homework. Mary has not been to Hong Kong. ---Have you ever been to a water park?---No, I haven't ---Who has been to New York?---Lily has ---Who have you lived with over the years?---My parents. 四、常搭配的时间标志词：看到用现完（for例外） 时间标志词 用法 例句 already 意为"已经"，常用于肯定句中。 He's already read the newspaper yet 意为"还(未)；已经"，常用于否定句和疑问句句尾。 --Have you spoken to Mr Green yet? --No. He hasn't come in yet just 意为"刚刚"，常用于肯定句中。 I have just come back from Nanjing。 ever 意为"曾经"，常用于疑问句中。 Have you ever visited the Great Wall? never 表示否定，意为"从未". I've never heard of that man before for for后跟表示时间段短语，如for months, for a few days, for a long time. We have waited for about three hours since 意为"自......以来"，后跟表示过去的时间点或从句 I've known my friend since 2016 recently 意为"最近；不久前；近来"，指过去不久到现在的一段时间 The bridge was built recently. Recently, the air in our town has improved a lot. before 意为"以前"，常用于句末。 She has been to Beijing with her parents before. over / in/ during the last/past few years 意为"在过去的几年里"。常用于句末。 My hometown has changed a lot over the last ten years. so far 意为"到目前为止，迄今为止"。可以用于句首或句末。 So far, we have learnt about 3 thousand new words. up to now 意为"到目前为止，迄今为止" He has worked at the company for over 17 years up to now 五、易错点： · just now刚刚==>一般过去时 just 刚刚==>现在完成时 I arrived in Beijing just now. I have just arrived in Beijing. · once 曾经==>一般过去时 ever 曾经==>现在完成时 I once went to Shanghai to visit Disneyland I have ever been to Shanghai to visit Disneyland · for+时间段 到现在==>现在完成时 到未来==>一般将来时 到过去==>一般过去时 They have been married for 3 years. They will stay in Shanghai for another 3 days. I lived in Jiangsu for 3 years.But now I live in Shanghai. since 2010 · since+时间点 since two days ago since I was born 主现完从一过(很多同学会记反） I have lived in Jiangsu since I was born · 有明确的过去时间词，不能用现在完成时 Last year, I went to the US to attend an important meeting.（√） Last year, I have been to the US to attend an important meeting.（×） 其他知识点： 1.Did he tell you anything else? · anything 任何东西 否/疑句是something变的 肯句则不是 全否：任何东西都不 everything 所有、一切 半否：不是所有 nothing空无一物 something某物/某事 I can’t find anything in the fridge. ---Mom,don’t worry about me. is OK.I am fine in the UK. A.Anything B.Something C.Everything D.Nothing ---Sir,What would you like to eat?--- is OK.I am very hungry A.Anything B.Something C.Everything D.Nothing ---Tom,go and tidy up your room.I can cook for you.But don’t expect I will do for you. A.anything B.something C.everything D.nothing ---Don’t worry. Worry never fix A.anything B.something C.everything D.nothing ---Mom, I have important to tell you. Come over in a minute. A.anything B.something C.everything D.nothing ---- is more important than your health.Take care of yourself,my boy. A.anything B.something C.everything D.nothing 2.People can get around easily. get around 四处走动 get up起床 get on/off上/下车 get to到达 get over克服 It is hard to get around the city with so much snow 3.My mum left her hometown at the age of 18. at the age of....=when sb is...years old某人多少岁时 句中有明确过去时间词不能用现完 4.You could say I have fallen (fall) in love with Shenzhen. fall in love with爱上（短暂动词）==>be in love with爱上（延续动词） I have in love with her for 10 years. 5.Reporter: In fact, there have been been lots of changes in the past few years. Have you noticed any of these while you've been here? · reporter cn.记者 · In fact 事实上；确切地说 He is not lazy.In fact,he is quite hard-working The task is not difficult.In fact,it’s quite easy 6.There are more underground lines now. I take the underground most days. · line cn.交通线；线段；队伍；行，列 Please wait in line On both sides of the road stands a line of trees. · most days大多数日子 She reads books most days after dinner. Integration 1.When you step onto the wide, clean roads of Starlight Village, you will see rows of new houses, tall trees and beautiful flowers. · step onto 踏上 过去式/过去分词stepped · row cn.排 a row of...一排... · wide adj.宽的；广泛的 比较级:wider Rows of the students are queuing for the roasted sweet potatoes. The river is so wide that we need a boat to cross it. The river is wider than I thought 2.However, 40 years ago, the roads here were narrow and muddy, and some of the houses were old and broken. There was often rubbish lying in the streets. narrow adj.狭窄的 muddy adj.泥泞的 mud n.泥巴 There be sb doing sth有....正在做....（正在） There be sth to do 有...要做... There are some old men dancing in the square. There is a lot of homework to do. There are more places for people to have fun now.(课文原句） 3.Li Ling, a local villager, said, “Thanks to the government’s support, the roads in the village have improved a lot in recent years. The lives of local people are better than before. Most families have built beautiful houses, and we feel hopeful about the future.” villager cn.村民 village cn.村庄 recent adj.近来的 recently adv.近来（现在完成时） feel hopeful about 对...充满希望 opp.hopeless adj.绝望的 Recently,some villagers feel hopeful about the situation. 4. Mr Wang opened a guest house three years ago. //The villagers have stopped farming.//Tourists can stay overnight in the guest house. · guest cn.客人 guests n.复 guest’s/guests’客人的 (at the) guest house n.（在）小旅馆 · stop doing sth停止做.... stop to do 停下来去做... We must stop resting./We must stop to rest. · stay overnight 过夜 stay up 熬夜 stay out呆在外面 5.Tourists staying at the guest house enjoy helping on the farm. doing 放在名词后修饰名词 表主动 to do 放在名词后修饰名词 表将来 The boy (sit)on the desk is my brother. The boy (play) basketball can’t come to your birthday party The homework (finish) is too difficult for the students. 6.People in the village are happy about the changes. be happy about 对...感到高兴/be happy to do sth很高兴做... I am happy to take part in the party. 7.Tourism has helped change Springfield Village a lot. Tourism un.旅游业 tourist cn.游客 have a tour of....进行一场....游 8.Now the village has also become a popular place for tourists. //Farmers are happier because modern machines have made farming easier and improved their lives. · a place for sb (to do sth) 对...(做...)的地方 The library is a popular place for the students to enjoy quiet and peace · make sb/sth +adj./n.让...怎么样 make sb do sth让某人做.... Modern technology has made our lives easier and more comfortable. The flood made him a homeless man 9.I hope you enjoy yourself. But did you know that area used to be an empty field? · empty adj.空的 vt倒空，清空 Don’t empty the bins because they are empty enjoy oneself doing sth=have a good time doing sth=have fun doing sth做...很开心 He enjoyed himself playing basketball last night. 10.When I was your age, I often went there to play football at the weekend. be one’s age是某人这么大的时候 of one’s age 同龄 11.The support from the government and the hard work of the citizens support un.支持 vt支持 hard work un.辛苦劳作 With the teacher’s support,he finally won the match. Don’t lose heart.We will support you forever. 12.Now it is common to take a bus, taxi or the underground. common adj.普遍的；共同的 Now,the cars are common in China. We have to make common efforts to protect giant pandas 13.Today, many college students return and do all kinds of jobs. return vi返回=go/come back vt归还 return sth to sb We must return to the library to return the book. （基础训练） Grammar 一、单项选择 1．Chinese tea culture ________ to many countries around the world since the 17th century. A．spreads B．spread C．has spread D．will spread 2．—Why are you so excited? —Because my parents ________ me to visit the Maritime Museum next weekend. A．promise B．promised C．will promise D．have promised 3．—How long ________ you ________ the English learning app? —For more than two months. It helps a lot. A．do; use B．will; use C．have; used D．did; use 4．My father ________ drive to his workplace, but now he has ________ riding a bike there to keep fit. A．used to; used to B．got used to; used to C．used to; got used to D．used to; get used to 5．—Why haven’t you asked her to come here? —She __________ an important experiment when I found her and she __________ it. A．is doing; didn’t finish B．did; wouldn’t finish C．was doing; hasn’t finished D．has done; hasn’t finished 6．________ you ever ________ the Bamboo Sea in Sichuan? A．Have; visited B．Do; visit C．Did; visit D．Will; visit 7．He ________ his bike since last year. A．has had B．have had C．had D．has 8．She __________ her opinion on beauty since joining the club. A．changes B．changed C．has changed D．will change 9．They __________ friends since they shared the ice creams. A．are B．were C．have been D．will be 10．They have kept the poem in mind __________ hundreds of years ago. A．for B．since C．in D．at 11．________ you ever ________ the story of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz? A．Do; read B．Did; read C．Have; read D．Will; read 12．She _________ in this neighborhood since she was born, so she _________ every street here. A．lives; knows B．has lived; knows C．lived; knew D．will live; will know 13．— How long _________ you _________ in this school? — Since I was in Grade 7. I _________ here for two years. A．are; studying; am B．have; studied; have been C．did; study; was D．will; study; will be 14．The Giant __________ the children to play in the garden for years. A．has allowed B．allowed C．will allow D．is allowing 15．—My father and I ________ a lot of photos at the same place in the past ten years. —Those photos must be your valuable memories. A．will take B．have taken C．took D．were taking 16．After reading the Harry Potter series, I must say it is one of ________ books I ________. A．the best; have read B．the best; read C．a best; have read D．a best; read 17．—I hear that your good friend David ________ in Yangzhou and yesterday he was back again. —Yes, but the life he was used to ________ a lot over the years. A．used to live; changing B．is used to living; changed C．used to live; has changed D．is used to living; change 18．I ________ Fashion Club since last year. I can design beautiful clothes now. A．joined B．have joined C．was D．have been in 19．—Jiangsu City Football League ________ people’s attention in China. —The news about it is on the hot search. A．attracted B．has attracted C．attracts D．will attract 20．—Have you finished reading the book To Live by Yu Hua? —Not yet. I ________ it for nearly a month. I’m going to the library to renew it. A．have bought B．have borrowed C．have had D．have kept 二、单词拼写 21．Scientists (send) many space probes to explore the solar system so far. 22．Science (develop) quickly these years, so students can learn new things. 23．He has (share) his toys with friends since he was five. 24．—Is the little baby in the photo me, Dad? —Yes. Look at you. You (grow) into a young gentleman. How time flies! 25．—Has Bob (fly) to New York yet?  —Yes. 26．People are wondering why the price of most food (rise) so quickly in the past few years. 27．So far, the little boy (fall) over several times while learning to ride. 28．— Can I borrow your bike to get to the library? — Sorry, I (lend) it to Lily. She came for it this morning. 29．—Labubu, a toy made by a Chinese company (draw) a lot of attention recently. —Indeed. It is very popular all around the world. 30．—Is everybody here, Lucy? —No, sir. Daniel (not arrive). He’s still on his way. 31．I won’t go to watch the bird show tomorrow because I have it. (watch) 32．—Frank, you don’t look quite yourself today. What’s wrong? —I’ve got a bad cold, for I (catch) in the rain last night. 33．Why can’t you just understand me? I (explain) it to you many times! 34．—What’s the name of the Chinese girl in the newest Harry Potter film? —I saw the film two years ago, but I have her name. (forget) 35．—What do you think of A Dream of Red Mansions, the great classical Chinese novel? —I’ve no idea. I (read) only half of it , and I will try to finish it by the weekend. 三、完成句子 36．The boy has already finished reading the novel. (改为一般疑问句) the boy finished reading the novel ? 37．Tom’s already come back from Beijing （改为否定句） Tom come back from Beijing . 38．They have already finished the work. (改为否定句) They finished the work . 39．Simon’s already finished reading the novel. (改为一般疑问句) Simon finished reading the novel ? 40．Kitty wrote a letter to Millie last winter. (用just 替换last winter) Kitty just a letter to Millie. Integration1 一、词汇运用。 1.She was invited to give her ____________（看法）about how the work should be done. 2.As a host, you'd better take care of these ____________（客人）feelings at home. 3.This road used to be narrow, but now it is very w____________. 4.It is ____________（not special）to see souvenirs (纪念品) in these places. Why not buy some? 5.China and France hold the China-France Year of Culture and ____________ /ˈtʊərɪzəm/for the 60th anniversary of bilateral ties (双边关系). 6.China's Village Super League, also known as Cun Chao, was so popular that millions of people went to Rongjiang county, Guizhou Province to watch ____________ (village) play the finals on August 9, 2025. 7.After the plane landed safely, all the passengers ____________ (step) out of the plane one by one. 8.I was walking up and down between the ____________ (row) of desks when suddenly my own phone rang. 二、单项选择。 We believe nothing is impossible to a ______ heart. A. educational B. helpless C. hopeful D. world-famous 2.The film Ne Zha 2 is worth seeing. I ______ it three times so far. A. have seen B. am going to see C. saw D. see 3.The factory ______ a lot of noise all day. But now things have become better. A. was used to make B. was used to making C. used to make D. used to making 4.—Reading is the best way to pass the time on the train. —______. I never go travelling without a book. A. You're joking B. With pleasure C. That's true D. It sounds like fun 三、根据中文提示完成句子。 1.近年来，在党的领导下，人们发现自己的生活条件有了很大的改善。 __________________, led by the Party, people find their living conditions greatly improved. 2.在过去的几十年里，南京发生了令人惊叹的变化。 Amazing changes __________________ in Nanjing in the past few decades. 3.我们的使命不仅仅是做一家旅舍，我们更致力于成为您的家。 Our mission is to be __________________; we strive to be your home. 4.这个主题公园每年吸引数百万的游客。 This _________________ visitors each year. Integration2 Ⅰ 请根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空 1.When the ___________ (guest) entered the hall, Mr White stood up and greeted them politely. 2.I'm ___________ (hope) that the next round of talks will be successful because both sides are trying their best. 3.We found some footprints. Someone ___________ (step) into our garden. 4. It is the ___________ (village) dream to have a bridge over the river near their homes. 5.Such warm weather is ___________ (common) and surprising in January in Chongqing. Ⅱ 单项选择 ( ) 6. When Tom left ______ college, he got a job as ______ reporter in a newspaper. A. a; a B. /; the C. /; a D. a; / ( ) 7. —Have you given the books back to the library ______?—Yes, I have ______ given them back. A. yet; yet B. ever; already C. already; yet D. yet; already ( ) 8. —How wide is the Golden Gate Bridge?—It's ______. It's a ______ bridge.(1 foot≈30 cm) A. 90 feet wide; 90-foot-wide B. 90-foot-wide; 90-feet-wide C. 90 foot wide; 90 feet wide D. 90-feet-wide; 90 feet wide Ⅲ 根据所给中文意思，用英语完成下列各句 9.如果你迟到了，请安静地坐在后排。 If you are late, please sit quietly _____________________. 10 这些年，当地政府鼓励年轻人开发具有地方特色的旅游资源。 Young people were encouraged to _____________________ with local colour by the local government these years. 11.采取行动比空谈更好。 It's better to take action than just _____________________. (江阴长泾中学24-25 学年3月月考真题） 一、完形填空 （本大题共10分，每小题1分） Once a farmer got in a fight with his neighbour. During the fight, the farmer got so angry that he said many bad words to his neighbour. After some time, the farmer ___36_____his mistake and wanted to take his words back but didn’t know ____37___ to do. Just then, he got to know that sage（圣人）was visiting his village. So, he decided to go to the sage and ask for an ___38____. He went to the sage and told him ___39____ and asked him to tell him a way to take his words back. The sage said to the farmer, “First, go and collect a lot of feathers in an open basket and then ___40____ the basket in the middle of the village and go home.” The farmer did as the sage said and the next day he went to see the sage again. The sage said, “Now go and bring those feathers to me.” The farmer went to get those feathers, but when he got there, all the feathers ___41____ away because of the wind. The farmer returned to the sage with his hands ___42____ and told him, “I couldn’t bring back those feathers because there were none left in the basket as they were all blown away by wind.” The sage told him, “The same thing happens to the words spoken by you. You can ____43___ say them but cannot take them back even if you want to. Before saying something bad to ____44___in anger, you should always remember that your words cannot be taken back. So it is better to keep silent in the situation.” Words can __45_____ others too. So always think before you speak. 36. A. reached B. realized C. returned D. received 37. A. what B. when C. where D. how 38. A. answer B. excuse C. exercise D. example 39. A. something B. everything C. nothing D. anything 40. A. clean B. wash C. check D. leave 41. A. ran B. flew C. got D. kept 42. A. clean B. dirty C. full D. empty 43. A. carefully B. easily C. slowly D. correctly 44. A. anyone B. everyone C. someone D. no one 45. A. help B. love C. hurt D. worry 二、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案（本大题共24分，每小题2分） A Last month, some groups of students in their community made a survey about “How do people spend their free time?” The following diagrams (图表) show some results of it: Diagram (1): Different days people go to the library. (library attendance) Diagram (2): Different TV programs people like. Diagram (3): Hours for people of different ages who surf the Internet in a week. 46. Which of the following TV programs is the most popular one among people? A. News B. Cartoons C. Sports D. Chat 47. Which of the following is Not TRUE according to the diagrams? A. Most people often go to the library on Wednesday. B. The fewest people enjoy watching shows. C. More than half of the people love watching music and chat. D. People over 56 spend the least time surfing the Internet. B Bath, 97 miles west of London, is the largest city in Southwest England. It became a World Heritage Site in 1987. The city got its name from the Roman Baths, which was a place for public bathing in Roman Britain. The water there is naturally heated under the ground. Today travelers are no longer allowed（允许） to enter the water. However, the exhibitions (展览) there will tell you the history of the Roman Baths. You can see many old Roman objects, including the coins that were thrown into the water to show respect to the goddess. Looking over the city, you will see many old buildings in the color of honey. Among them, the Royal Crescent (皇家新月楼) and the Circus (马戏团) are the most famous. The Royal Crescent is a row of 30 houses in the shape of crescent (月牙形). The Circus is about 200 meters to the east of the Royal Crescent. It is a huge circle with large houses. It has three entrances (入口) with a lawn (草坪) in the center. When visiting Bath, you can’t miss these two sites. The museums in the city are also popular. A large number of people go there every day and you can go and enjoy Western paintings. If you are interested in the English writer Jane Austen, you can go to Jane Austen Center to know more about her life with her father in Bath. If you come in October, you can even take part in the Bath Film Festival. 48. What can travellers do in the Roman Baths? A. Playing in the water. B. Taking part in exhibitions. C. Throwing old coins. D. Buying old Roman objects. 49. Which of the following is correct about the Royal Crescent and the Circus? A. B. C. D. 50. Why does the writer write the passage? A. To introduce the city of Bath. B. To name the buildings in Bath. C. To talk about the history of Bath. D. To talk about the writers in Bath. C “Look! Letters from Leo! Granny will be excited!” Mom said. Andy turned toward his mother. “Leo?” “Granny’s oldest and favorite brother. He made her that special box that sits beside the window—locked up. The key’s been lost forever. Now about those letters...Granny will want them.” Andy picked that special box and letters up, then took them to the kitchen. “What did you put in the box, Granny?” Andy asked. “Nothing! I knew Leo would be joining the army soon. Just before he left, he locked my box and hid the key. He said he’d invented a word game for me and promised he’d send clues. We got letters but not one clue. Leo’s final letter arrived after we heard the heartbreaking news. Mother was so sad. She tore (撕) it in half.” Granny watched Andy spread the letters on the table. She whispered, “I always thought mother threw away all of Leo’s letters.” Andy pointed at one letter in two pieces. “This must be the last letter Leo sent home.” Granny picked up one half of the letter, and read, “Dearest Littlest Sister...” “Leo did send clues. Let’s tape the halves together.” Andy said. Andy read, “Ewe re ed four make?” “Nonsense words,” Granny said. Andy looked at the paper, then said, “Wait! If we read down, instead of across—in columns (列), not rows.” He read the words one by one “You need to read this aloud for it to make some sense.” Granny’s eyes opened wide. “Leo was using homophones (同音异形词)!” She began to read “Go to the room where we ate. See the flower like the sun?” Granny smiled. “The dining room is where we ate. The painting of a sunflower.” Andy was on his way. In a few seconds, he returned, carrying the painting. They discovered another clue printed in light pencil on the back. Andy read, “Look above the hole where rain does not come down. See the broken time piece? There! Inside!” He ran to the fireplace then gave the clock to Granny. “This clock has never kept time.” Granny opened the clock’s tiny glass door and reached inside. “All those years. It’s been right here.” She opened the box with the key and looked into it. There is a photo of a girl and her big brother. On the back of the photo was printed: I NEW you’d worked it out. Use this box for all your special treasures. Love, Leo. Granny gently placed the photo and the letters inside the box. “My treasures,” she said. 51. When Granny said “Nonsense words”, she most probably felt ________. A. angry B. worried C. hopeless D. confident 52. What’s the correct order of the following events? a. Leo locked the box and hid the key. b. Andy read letters from Leo with Granny. c. Leo sent clues to Granny in his letters. d. Granny put something important in the box. e. Leo’s mum tore his last letter into two halves. A. a-c-e-b-d B. d-a-c-e-b C. a-c-b-e-d D. d-a-c-b-e 53. What is the best title for the story? A. Granny’s Favorite Brother B. A Treasure Hunter C. Letters from Leo D. A Special Box D Time flies when you play on your smartphone. But when you get down to the real business of work and study, one hour feels like a year. Why are we so attracted (被吸引) by smartphones but easily bored by studying? It all boils down to something small and hard to see: dopamine. Dopamine is a “pleasure chemical (化学物质)” that makes people feel good. Our brains give it out when we eat yummy food, after we exercise or when we get a prize. Compared with studying, playing on smartphones causes our brains to give out more dopamine. For example, checking your phone for a text leads to a 400 percent increase in dopamine. But why? When we visit social media, we don’t know what we’ll see next, or who will give opinions about things we post. This “magic of maybe”, makes the dopamine system active. We get excited wondering if we have messages from our friends. When our expectations are met, dopamine is given out. And to find more dopamine, we continue checking our phones. Studying doesn’t provide such magic. Without this excitement, we get bored much more easily. Can we do something to change that? According to scientists, apps can become less attractive if we turn off notifications (通知) or change the screen colors to black and white. We can also set time limits (设置时间限制) on apps so that we do not overuse them. “As for studying, you could check your progress daily or weekly and reward yourself for it”, said Daniel Wong, writer of The Happy Student, “You could also search for interesting topics connected with your textbook. Use what you’ve learned to make an influence in the real world. This will make knowledge much more interesting to learn”. 54. What might the underlined phrase “boils down to” mean in Paragraph 2? A. 归结于 B. 结果表明 C. 导致 D. 算出 55. When do people have more dopamine? A. When they know what will happen next. B. When they stay in a familiar environment. C. When they get used to something. D. When their expectations are met. 56. Which statement is TRUE according to the passage? A. We are attracted by smartphones but easily bored by studying. B. Our brains give dopamine out before we exercise or get a prize. C. The “magic of maybe” excites us when we receive messages. D. Apps can become less attractive if we change the sound of notifications. 57. Which of the following might Daniel Wong suggest to make learning interesting? A. Setting time limits on everything you do. B. Using what you learn from textbooks to do things in real life. C. Stopping playing and finding more interests in real life. D. Reading the interesting part in your textbooks before reading the others. 三、阅读表达 回答下面5个问题，每题答案不超过8个词。（本大题共10分，每小题2分） It was a happy time for me, but there were many dangers because of my small size. There are some incidents (事件) that I remembered clearly. Every morning Glumdalclitch carried my box to the window. One day she carried me to the window as usual, and then she left me there. Some huge wasps came in through the window, and entered the box. They were the size of birds in England, and they were very fierce (凶猛的). I was afraid of them. I took out my sword and fought them. I killed four of them. Luckily, the others flew away. Another dangerous moment that I remembered was this: Glumdalclitch left me in the garden one day, and the weather was very bad. First it rained, and then it hailed (下冰雹) very hard. The hailstones were the size of tennis balls, and they hurt me badly. I managed to hide under a tree, but I was still hit by some of them. Another danger came from an idea that the Queen had. She knew that I liked boats, and she ordered one of her servants to make a little boat for me. The servant put the boat into a tank of water on the table. I spent many hours in this boat. One day, however, a frog jumped out of the water into the boat. I thought the boat would sink, and I was afraid. I was lucky, and I managed to push the frog out of the boat. —Taken from Gulliver’s Travels 58．Why did Gulliver have some dangers? ________________________________________________________ 59．What were as big as the size of birds in England? _____________________________________________________________ 60．How did Gulliver keep himself safe from the hailstones? ______________________________________________________________________ 61．How did Gulliver feel when the frog jumped into the boat? _____________________________________________________________________ 62．What do you think of Gulliver? ________________________________________________________________ （单元测试卷） 一、单项选择（共15分，每小题1分） 1. —How long ____ your brother ____ in the tech company in Shenzhen? —For three years. A. has; worked B. did; work C. has; been working D. does; work 2. My parents ____ in Shanghai since they got married in 2005. A. live B. lived C. have lived D. are living 3. —I ____ the new underground station. It's so modern! —When did you go there? I haven't been there yet. A. visit B. visited C. have visited D. will visit 4. We can't use the present perfect tense with ____. A. since 2020 B. for five years C. last month D. recently 5. —Has Lucy ____ finished her homework? —Yes, she finished it ten minutes ago. A. yet B. already C. just D. ever 6. The number of private cars in our city ____ a lot since 2018. A. have increased B. increased C. has increased D. is increasing 7. —Have you ____ been to the new museum? —No, I've ____ visited such a modern museum before. A. ever; never B. never; ever C. already; yet D. yet; already 8. My uncle ____ Beijing for a business trip. He will come back next week. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to 9. People in our hometown ____ a better life because of the government's policies. A. improved B. have improved C. are improving D. will improve 10. —When ____ you ____ the English club? —Last term. I've been a member for three months. A. have; joined B. did; join C. will; join D. do; join 11. The old man ____ his hometown for nearly 50 years. He misses it very much. A. has left B. left C. has been away from D. was away from 12. Shenzhen is a ____ city that has developed from a small fishing village. A. pioneer B. rapid C. wonderful D. cultural 13. —Why is your sister so excited? —Because she ____ her favourite singer twice this year. A. meets B. met C. has met D. will meet 14. There ____ great changes in our school since I came here in 2021. A. have been B. were C. are D. will be 15. —Which do you prefer, ____ or train? —I prefer train because it's more comfortable. A. traffic B. transport C. journey D. coach 二、适当形式填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 1. Our hometown ____ (change) a lot over the past ten years. 2. My father ____ (work) in the same company for 18 years. 3. —____ you ____ (see) the film "River of Time"?—Yes, I saw it last month. 4. They ____ (not finish) their project yet. They need more time. 5. The government ____ (build) three new schools in our area since 2020. 6. I ____ (never visit) Shenzhen before, but I plan to go there this summer. 7. Years ago, people in the countryside ____ (travel) around mainly by bike. 8. Now, most families ____ (have) their own cars. It's more convenient to go out. 9. She ____ (borrow) this book from the library for two weeks. She must return it tomorrow. 10. The air quality in our city ____ (improve) greatly in recent years. 11. My grandparents ____ (live) in the countryside all their lives. They don't want to move to the city. 12. He ____ (leave) his hometown when he was 18. He ____ (be away) for 12 years. 13. We ____ (learn) English for six years. We can communicate with foreigners now. 14. The shop ____ (open) since 2015. It's a popular shop in our community. 15. Many young people ____ (move) to big cities to find better jobs since 2010. 三、书面表达（共 15 分） 题目：My Hometown's Changes请根据以下要点，写一篇不少于 80 词的短文，介绍你家乡的变化。 家乡过去的样子（交通、住房、生活等）； 家乡现在的变化（至少两方面）； 变化的原因或你的感受； 你对家乡未来的期待 参考答案 world-famous recently already yet reporter line step wide row villager recent hopeful guest tourism empty public common guest hotel since he finished college 自从他大学毕业以来 the living conditions 生活条件 thanks to excellent public transport 多亏了便捷的公共交通系统 turn part of the town centre into a new park 将城镇中心的一部分改造成一个新的公园 up to now 迄今为止 watch a reporter interviewing a foreigner 看着一名记者正在采访一位外国人 fall in love with 爱上 hear thoughts about our city 聆听有关我们城市的想法 Integration step onto the wide, clean roads 踏上宽阔、干净的马路 see rows of new houses 看到一排排崭新的房屋 be narrow and muddy 狭窄且泥泞 thanks to the government's support 多亏了政府的支持 in recent years 最近几年中 feel hopeful about the future 对未来充满希望 sell products 卖货 open a guest house 开设一家民宿 stay overnight 过夜 used to be an empty field 曾经是一片空地 when I was your age 当我像你这么大的时候 living/ public spaces 公共/生活空间 return and do all kinds of jobs 回来后会做各种各样的工作 modern houses or flats 现代住宅或公寓 be common to do sth. 做某事是常见的 bring knowledge and skills to help the local people 带来知识和技能，以帮助当地民众 Grammar 1．C 2．D 3．C 4．C 5．C 6．A 7．A 8．C 9．C 10．B 11．C 12．B 13．B 14．A 15．B 16．A 17．C 18．D 19．B 20．D 21．have sent 22．has developed 23．shared 24．have grown 25．flown 26．has risen 27．has fallen 28．have lent 29．has drawn 30．hasn’t arrived 31．watched 32．was caught 33．have explained 34．forgotten 35．have read 36．Has yet 37．hasn’t yet 38．haven’t yet 39．Has yet 40．has written Integration1 答案：一、1.opinion(s) 2.guests' 3.wide 4.common 5.Tourism 6.villagers 7.stepped 8.rows 二、1.C 2.A 3.C 4.C 三、1.In recent years 2.have taken place 3.more than a guest house 4.theme park attracts millions of Integration2 答案： Ⅰ1.guests 2.hopeful 3.had stepped 4.villagers' 5.uncommon Ⅱ 6. C 7. D 8. A Ⅲ 9. in the back row10. develop tourism resources11. have the empty talk 完形： 36-40 BAABD 41-45 BDBCC 阅读： 46-47 AC 48-50 BBA 51-53 CAC 54-57 ADAB 阅读表达： 76. Because he was small(in size)./Because of his small size./Because everything around him was huge/big. 77. Some huge wasps./Wasps. 78. He managed to hide under a tree./He hid (himself) under a tree./By hiding (himself) under a tree. 79. (He was/felt) afraid. 80. (I think) he is clever and brave./Clever and brave.（言之有理即可） 一、 1. 答案：A 解析：问句中 How long（多长时间）是现在完成时的标志词，后接延续性动词。主语 your brother 是第三人称单数，结构为 has + 过去分词，work 的过去分词是 worked。C 选项现在完成进行时强调动作持续进行，此处仅表示 “工作了三年”，无需强调持续，故选 A。 2. 答案：C 解析：since（自从…… 以来）是现在完成时的标志词，主句需用现在完成时。主语 My parents 是复数，结构为 have + 过去分词，live 的过去分词是 lived，故选 C。 3. 答案：C 解析：答句 “When did you go there?” 说明 “参观” 的动作已完成，且对现在有影响（知道车站很现代化），用现在完成时。结构为 have + 过去分词，visit 的过去分词是 visited，故选 C。 4. 答案：C 解析：现在完成时不能与具体过去时间状语连用。last month（上个月）是具体过去时间，since 2020（自从 2020 年）、for five years（五年）、recently（最近）均为现在完成时的常用时间标志，故选 C。 5. 答案：B 解析：already（已经）用于现在完成时的肯定句中，yet（还）用于否定句或疑问句末尾，just（刚刚）强调动作刚发生，ever（曾经）用于疑问句。此处是肯定句，故选 B。 6. 答案：C 解析：the number of + 复数名词（…… 的数量）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。since 2018 是现在完成时的标志，结构为 has + 过去分词，increase 的过去分词是 increased，故选 C。 7. 答案：A 解析：ever（曾经）用于现在完成时的疑问句中，never（从未）用于否定句中。句意：“你曾经去过新博物馆吗？”“没有，我以前从未参观过这么现代化的博物馆。” 符合逻辑，故选 A。 8. 答案：B 解析：has been to（去过某地，已返回），has gone to（去了某地，未返回）。由 “He will come back next week” 可知叔叔还在 Beijing，未返回，故选 B。 9. 答案：B 解析：“因为政府的政策，家乡人过上了更好的生活”，动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时。主语 people 是复数，结构为 have + 过去分词，improve 的过去分词是 improved，故选 B。 10. 答案：B 解析：答句 Last term（上学期）是具体过去时间，问句需用一般过去时，助动词用 did，后面接动词原形 join。注意 join 是非延续性动词，不能与 for three months 连用，故选 B。 11. 答案：C 解析：for nearly 50 years（将近 50 年）是时间段，需与延续性动词连用。leave（离开）是非延续性动词，其延续性形式为 be away from，现在完成时结构为 has been away from，故选 C。 12. 答案：C 解析：pioneer（先驱）是名词，rapid（快速的）需修饰名词，wonderful（出色的）可修饰名词 city，cultural（文化的）与句意不符。句意：“深圳是一个出色的城市，从一个小渔村发展而来”，故选 C。 13. 答案：C 解析：this year（今年）是现在完成时的常用时间标志，强调动作在年内已发生两次。结构为 has + 过去分词，meet 的过去分词是 met，故选 C。 14. 答案：A 解析：since（自从…… 以来）是现在完成时的标志词，there be 句型的现在完成时结构为 there have/has been。great changes 是复数，用 have been，故选 A。 15. 答案：D 解析：traffic（交通拥堵），transport（交通方式，总称），journey（长途旅行），coach（长途汽车）。由答句 “prefer train” 可知是选择交通方式，故选 D。 二、 1. 答案：has changed 解析：over the past ten years（过去十年间）是现在完成时的标志，主语 Our hometown 是第三人称单数，结构为 has + 过去分词，change 的过去分词是 changed，故填 has changed。 2. 答案：has worked 解析：for 18 years（18 年）是时间段，用现在完成时，主语 My father 是第三人称单数，work 的过去分词是 worked，故填 has worked。 3. 答案：Have; seen 解析：由答句 “Yes, I saw it last month” 可知问句是现在完成时的一般疑问句，结构为 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词。主语 you 搭配 Have，see 的过去分词是 seen，故填 Have; seen。 4. 答案：haven't finished 解析：yet（还）是现在完成时否定句的标志，结构为 have/has not + 过去分词。主语 they 是复数，finish 的过去分词是 finished，故填 haven't finished。 5. 答案：has built 解析：since 2020（自从 2020 年）是现在完成时的标志，主语 The government 是第三人称单数，build 的过去分词是 built，故填 has built。 6. 答案：have never visited 解析：never（从未）是现在完成时的标志，主语 I 搭配 have，visit 的过去分词是 visited，故填 have never visited。 7. 答案：travelled 解析：Years ago（多年前）是具体过去时间，用一般过去时，travel 的过去式是 travelled，故填 travelled。 8. 答案：have 解析：now（现在）表示当前的状态，用一般现在时，主语 most families 是复数，谓语动词用原形 have，故填 have。 9. 答案：has kept 解析：for two weeks（两周）是时间段，borrow（借）是非延续性动词，需转换为延续性动词 keep，现在完成时结构为 has kept，故填 has kept。 10. 答案：has improved 解析：in recent years（近年来）是现在完成时的标志，主语 The air quality 是第三人称单数，improve 的过去分词是 improved，故填 has improved。 11. 答案：have lived 解析：all their lives（一生）是时间段，用现在完成时，主语 My grandparents 是复数，live 的过去分词是 lived，故填 have lived。 12. 答案：left; has been away 解析：第一空 when he was 18（他 18 岁时）是具体过去时间，用一般过去时，leave 的过去式是 left；第二空 for 12 years（12 年）是时间段，用现在完成时，延续性形式为 be away，故填 left; has been away。 13. 答案：have learned 解析：for six years（六年）是时间段，用现在完成时，主语 We 是复数，learn 的过去分词是 learned，故填 have learned。 14. 答案：has been open 解析：since 2015（自从 2015 年）是现在完成时的标志，open（打开）是非延续性动词，需转换为形容词 open（开放的），结构为 has been open，故填 has been open。 15. 答案：have moved 解析：since 2010（自从 2010 年）是现在完成时的标志，主语 Many young people 是复数，move 的过去分词是 moved，故填 have moved。 三、书面表达 My Hometown's Changes My hometown has changed a lot over the past ten years. In the past, the roads were narrow and muddy, and people mainly travelled by bike or on foot. Most families lived in small old houses, and there were few entertainment facilities. But now, great changes have taken place. The government has built wide and clean roads, and many families have their own cars. High-rise buildings have appeared everywhere, and we have a big shopping mall and a modern park. Moreover, the internet has reached every home, making it easy for people to shop online and communicate with others. Thanks to the government's policies and the hard work of the people, our lives have improved greatly. I love my hometown because it is becoming more beautiful and convenient. I hope my hometown will develop faster and have a better future. $