Unit3 Our culture, our treasure Reading 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版选修第三册

高中英语译林版(2020)选修第三册课件 Unit 3 Our culture, our treasure Reading Page 30-33 Chinese characters foundation of a remarkable writing system 汉字：一套伟大文字系统的基石 制作者：桂东一中　李宇平 ◆ 内容分析 【What】本板块的语篇是一篇专题文章，介绍了汉字的起源和发展，讲述了汉字造字法和字形、字体演变的复杂过程，揭示了汉字这一重要的人类文明成果对中华文明的传承发展起到的积极作用，以及汉字对周边国家的语言文化发展起到的促进作用。 【Why】本文通过引导我们聚焦汉字在中华文明的发展和传承中起到的作用，旨在帮助我们理解汉字的重要意义和深远影响，感悟中华文明在世界历史中的重要地位，坚定文化自信，强化国家意识，主动传承和弘扬汉字文化。 【How】本文的语篇类型为说明文，文章结构清晰，内涵丰富，语言精妙，情感真挚。第一段介绍随着甲骨文的发现，汉字起源之谜开始被揭开；第二段至第五段分别介绍了汉字的起源、造字法以及字形和字体演变的历程，并进而说明了汉字和“汉字文化圈”对中国和世界产生的重要影响。第六段引用著名作家余光中的名言，突显汉字在中华文化传承中的重要作用。作者通过描绘甲骨文的发现吸引读者兴趣；通过举例让原本抽象的造字过程变得浅显易懂；按照时间顺序介绍汉字字形、字体演变的过程，增强文章的整体感，使读者更易理解。文中出现的 remarkable,glorious 等褒赞之词以及结尾引用的名人名言强化了作者的观点和态度，使读者产生强烈的情感共鸣，激发民族自豪感。 ◆ 教学目标 By the end of this section, we will be able to: 1. understand the history and evolution of Chinese characters; 2. appreciate the writing techniques of the feature article; 3. explain the significance and influence of Chinese characters; 4. introduce the spread of Chinese characters using time order; 5. build up our cultural confidence and strengthen our national pride. The Chinese writing system, based on Chinese characters, has played a crucial role in our culture and society. The feature article below is about Chinese characters. Before you read the article, think about the following questions: cru·cial (to/for sth)/ (that...) /ˈkruːʃl/ 至关重要的；关键性的,=critical, essential 1)What do you know about the development of Chinese characters? I know that Chinese characters are one of the earliest forms of written language in the world, dating back about 3,500 years. I know that during their long history, Chinese characters have evolved through a complicated process over time, so the early characters are quite different from the ones we use today. 2)What other writing systems are you familiar with? I am familiar with the Latin alphabet because I have learnt English at school.It is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world, the standard script of the English language and the languages of most of Europe and those areas settled by Europeans.我对拉丁字母很熟悉，因为我是在学校学习英语的。它是世界上使用最广泛的字母书写系统，是英语以及欧洲大部分地区以及欧洲人定居地区语言的标准书写形式。 al·pha·bet·ic /ˌælfəˈbetɪk/ （属于）字母的 script（一种语言的）字母系统，字母表 Chinese characters: foundation of a remarkable writing system In the year 1899, some mystical symbols carved on oracle bones attracted the attention of a scholar in Beijing. That was when people first began to realize the significance of these beautiful inscriptions. Since then, the mystery surrounding the origin of Chinese characters, the foundation of a remarkable writing system, has started to be revealed. 1899 年，一些刻在龟甲兽骨上的神秘符号引起了一位北京学者的关注。那是人们第一次开始意识到这些优美刻文的重要性。自那时起，汉字作为一套伟大文字系统的基石，围绕其起源问题的谜团开始被揭开。 oracle bones甲骨 These oracle bone inscriptions, the earliest form of Chinese characters ever found to this day, are clear proof that the history of the Chinese writing system stretches back about 3,500 years. The inscriptions are highly complex, suggesting that earlier forms are yet to be discovered. 这些甲骨文是迄今发现的最早的汉字形式，它们清楚地证明了汉语文字系统的历史可追溯至大约 3500 年前。这些刻文非常复杂，意味着更早期的汉字形式还有待发现。 be clear proof of sth./that 从句 清楚地证明 be living proof of sth/that...（用行动或品格）证明…属实 All we have at the moment, however, is the legend of Cang Jie, who is said to have invented the first characters about 5,000 years ago. Legend has it that he saw animal tracks in the ground, and began drawing pictures of objects in nature, such as the moon, the sun and the trees. 不过，目前我们已知的只有仓颉的传说，相传他在大约 5000 年前创造了最早的汉字。根据传说，他看到了地上的动物足迹，便开始绘出诸如月亮、太阳、树木等自然万物的图画。 have it (that...)称…属实；说…是真的 Word has it that she's leaving.据说她要走了。 Rumour has it that we'll have a new manager soon. 据传我们即将有一位新经理。 Not surprisingly, the earliest Chinese characters were the fruits of our ancestors’ careful observation and striking imagination. The Chinese character shan, for example, is simply a drawing of a mountain. However, our ancestors found not everything was convenient to draw as a concrete image, so another way of forming Chinese characters was developed to represent abstract concepts. 毫不奇怪，最早的汉字是我们祖先的细致观察和惊人想象的结晶。例如，汉字“山”就是一座山的图画。然而，我们的祖先发现，不是所有东西都便于画成一幅具体图像，于是研究出了另一种造字方式，以便传达抽象概念。 the fruit/fruits of sth成果；成效；结果 Some characters were created by adding symbols like a dot or a line to an existing pictographic character to indicate things. For instance, the characters shang and xia indicate things on top of and below a line.Gradually, these characters were far from enough to describe the colourful and diverse world, so a new way of forming characters was developed by putting together different characters to indicate a new meaning. 有些文字是在一个已有的象形文字上添加一个点或一条线之类的符号创造而成，用以指事。例如，“上”和“下”两个字分别表示居于横线以上和横线以下的事物。渐渐地，这些文字远远不足以描述丰富多彩的世界了，于是一种新的造字法应运而生，将不同的字加以组合，以表达新的含义。 An example of this is the character ming, which combines ri for “sun” and yue for “moon” to express the meaning of being bright. These types of characters indicate meaning, but they do not provide clues about their pronunciation. Another group of characters were created by combining meaning and pronunciation. In hu, the Chinese character for “lake”, for instance, the left part indicates the meaning and the right part the pronunciation. This method made it easier to create new characters, so most Chinese characters today belong to this group. “明”字就属此类，由代表太阳的“日”和代表月亮的“月”构成，以此表达明亮之意。这种文字能够表意，但无法提供发音的线索。另一类文字由发音和表意组合而成。以“湖泊”的“湖”字为例，左边表意，右边表音。这种方法更便于创造新字，所以如今大部分汉字都属于这一种。 Since their creation, Chinese characters have been evolving consistently, increasing in practical value as a communicative tool. About 1,000 years after the oracle bone inscriptions were used during the Shang Dynasty, Qinshihuang unified China and Xiaozhuan was made the official writing style of the Qin Dynasty. Then Lishu became a mainstream style of writing in the Han Dynasty. 汉字自诞生以来就在不断发展，作为一种沟通工具，其实用价值与日俱增。自甲骨文用于商朝约 1000 年之后，秦始皇统一了中国，定小篆为秦朝的官方文字字体。接着，隶书又成为汉代的一种主流字体。 com·mu·ni·ca·tive /kəˈmjuːnɪkətɪv/交际的,沟通的, 乐意沟通的 The evolution from Xiaozhuan to Lishu marked a revolutionary transformation from ancient characters into modern characters. Another milestone in the evolution of the style of Chinese characters was Kaishu,which reached its peak in the Tang Dynasty. △It became popular for its ease of use, and eventually progressed into what we now consider to be the standard script.由小篆演变为隶书的过程标志了汉字从古文字向今文字的一个革命性转变。汉字字体演变的另一个里程碑是楷书，在唐代达到了巅峰。楷书因易于使用而受到欢迎，并最终发展为如今公认的标准字体。 mark是…的迹象；成为…的征兆；表明 Apart from changes in writing style, Chinese characters have been simplified so that they can be used more easily by the masses. Even in modern times, there have been attempts to simplify Chinese characters. One far‑reaching change took place in the 1950s, when the Chinese government simplified and standardized Chinese characters, promoting mass literacy. 除了书写风格的改变，汉字也几经简化，以便更易于大众使用。即使到了现代，也有过多次简化汉字的尝试。其中一场影响深远的改革发生于 20 世纪 50年代，中国政府当时简化并规范了汉字，提升了大众的识字能力。 stand·ard·ize /ˈstændədaɪz/使标准化,使符合标准(或规格) Alongside their evolution, Chinese characters have sustained Chinese civilization over thousands of years. Thanks to Chinese characters, stories of our ancestors have been passed down in a form that remains accessible to us today, and the glorious history of our country has been preserved. 数千年来，汉字在演变的同时也延续着中华文明。幸而有汉字，我们祖先的故事才能以一种我们今天仍能读懂的方式流传下来，我国的光辉历史也得以保存。 along·side /əˌlɒŋˈsaɪd/ 与…一起,与…同时;在…旁边,沿着…的边 sus·tain /səˈsteɪn/ 使保持,使稳定持续;维持(生命、生存) pass sth down使世代相传；流传 accessible容易理解的；易懂的 Moreover, Chinese characters have greatly influenced the writing systems in many other Asian countries such as Japan and Vietnam, forming the “Chinese character cultural sphere”. △For instance, it was only after Chinese characters spread to Japan that the Japanese writing system started to be developed. 此外，汉字也深刻影响了诸如日本、越南等许多其他亚洲国家的文字系统，形成了“汉字文化圈”。例如，直到汉字传入以后，日本才开始发展自己的文字系统。 Vietnam/ˌviːetˈnɑːm; ˌviːetˈnæm/越南 With the spread of Chinese characters, educated people in these countries carefully studied Chinese literary and philosophical texts, such as the works of the Tang Dynasty poets and The Analects of Confucius, and learnt the art of Chinese calligraphy. As we can see,Chinese characters hold the key to promoting the transmission of Chinese culture. 随着汉字的传播，在这些国家里，受过教育的人们认真研读中国的文学和哲学著作，如唐朝诗人的作品和《论语》，并学会了中国的书法艺术。可见，汉字是促进中国文化传播的关键。 philo·soph·ical /ˌfɪləˈsɒfɪkl/哲学的 The Analects of Confucius/ˈænəlekts/ 《论语》 (文选) According to the famous writer Yu Guangzhong, ever since Chinese characters were born in ancient times, the memories and hopes of our ancestors have been well placed in them. Indeed, Chinese characters provide an unbreakable link to our nation’s past and connect us to our ancestors. 著名作家余光中曾说过，自从汉字诞生于古代以来，我们祖先的记忆和希望就深深地融入其中。的确，汉字为我们国家的过去提供了不可分割的纽带，并将我们与祖先紧密相连。 un·break·able/ʌnˈbreɪkəbl/ 无法打破的；牢不可破的 Every time we read or write Chinese characters, the whispers of our ancestors travel through time and space, and bring with them the stories of human civilization.每当我们读写汉字之时，祖先的轻声细语都会跨越时空，前来讲述人类文明的故事。 A. Understanding the text Page 32 A1. Read the feature article and complete the chart below with the main idea of each paragraph. Different ways of forming Chinese characters Evolution of Chinese characters Importance of Chinese characters A2.Read the feature article again carefully and answer the following questions. 1. According to legend, how did Cang Jie invent the first Chinese characters? 2. Which group do most Chinese characters today belong to? He saw animal tracks in the ground, and began drawing pictures of objects in nature. The group of Chinese characters that were created by combining meaning and pronunciation. 3. What influence did the simplification and standardization of Chinese characters in the 1950s have? 4. How did Chinese characters influence the Japanese writing system? It promoted mass literacy. The Japanese writing system started to be developed only after Chinese characters spread to Japan. A3. In pairs, discuss the following questions. 1. How do you understand Chinese characters as a communicative tool? When Chinese characters were first created, our ancestors used them to pass on information about nature and their life. Through various dynasties, the characters evolved to eventually reach the point of becoming standardized and pass on Chinese history and culture. 汉字最初被创造出来时，我们的祖先正是用它们来传递有关自然和他们生活的信息。历经各个朝代，这些汉字不断演变，最终达到了标准化的阶段，并传承了中国的历史与文化。 Though the characters have consistently evolved, they are still practical for communication today. The simplification and standardization of Chinese characters helped promote mass literacy and made it easier for people to communicate with each other. 尽管这些字符一直在不断演变，但它们在当今仍具有实用价值。汉字的简化和标准化促进了大众识字率的提高，并使人们之间的交流变得更加容易。 2. What do you think of Yu Guangzhong’s opinion that our ancestors’ memories and hopes have been well placed in Chinese characters? For example, by studying different styles of the character mei (beautiful), especially the oracle bone inscription, we can guess that to our ancestors, mei refers to a standing person with big feather headwear(头饰). So, it is clear to see that the memory and good hope of our ancestors are placed within this character. 例如，通过研究“美”这个字的不同写法，尤其是甲骨文的书写形式，我们可以推测出对于我们的祖先而言，“美”指的是一个站立着、头戴大羽饰的男子形象。因此，很明显可以看出，我们祖先的记忆和美好愿望都蕴含在这个字当中。 3. What other aspects of Chinese characters are you interested in? What do you know about these aspects? I am interested in Chinese characters and their connection to the art of calligraphy.Chinese calligraphy is the stylized artistic writing of Chinese characters, which shows that Chinese characters are considered to be very important in our culture and are more than just a tool for communication. 我对汉字及其与书法艺术之间的联系很感兴趣。中国书法是对汉字进行的一种程式化的艺术书写，这表明汉字在我们的文化中具有非常重要的地位，远不止是一种用于交流的工具。 styl·ized /ˈstaɪlaɪzd/ （绘画、写作等手法）非写实的 I am also interested in the effect digital technology has on Chinese characters. In the digital age, more opportunities have been provided for the use of Chinese characters, which enables more people to learn Chinese characters. I think modern technology can help preserve Chinese characters and continue the evolution of Chinese characters into the future.我还对数字技术对汉字的影响很感兴趣。在数字时代，使用汉字的机会大大增加，这使得更多的人能够学习汉字。我认为现代技术能够帮助保护汉字，并使汉字在未来继续发展演变。 B. Building your language Page 33 B1.The passage below is about Pinyin. Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below. convenient far-reaching sustain the masses civilization alongside remarkable hold the key to Pinyin, a system for transcribing(用音标标音) Chinese characters into the Latin alphabet, has transformed the lives of more than billions of people.“拼音”是一种将汉字转换为拉丁字母的编码系统，它已经改变了数十亿人的生活。 Before this (1) __________ system, there were many different ways of writing Chinese phonetically, but they were not (2) __________ to use. In the 1950s, Zhou Youguang, now widely acknowledged as the “Father of Pinyin”, was asked to join a language reform committee devoted to solving this problem. It was an enormous task which took a team of about 20 researchers several years to complete. In 1958, the Pinyin system was adopted. 在此之前，人们曾采用过多种不同的方式来拼音书写汉语，但这些方式并不方便使用。 phonetically 表示语音地，用音标地 remarkable convenient (3) _________ the simplification of Chinese characters, Pinyin has revolutionized education in China. After it was incorporated into the education system,literacy rates rapidly increased. (4) __________ learnt how to read Chinese characters and speak putonghua with relative ease. Because of this, the system has become a universally accepted part of Chinese language teaching, even outside China. 与简化汉字一起，拼音极大地推动了中国的教育事业。当它被纳入教育体系后，识字率迅速提高。民众能够相对轻松地学习阅读汉字和说普通话。正因为如此，这一系统已成为中国语言教学中被普遍接受的一部分，甚至在海外也如此。 Alongside The masses From Tokyo to Buenos Aires, foreign students use Pinyin to learn the pronunciation of Chinese characters. Since more and more people in other countries have started to learn Chinese, Pinyin (5) ______________ making the Chinese language and culture more accessible to the world. Therefore, it is plain to see why Pinyin can (6) _______ cultural exchanges and is viewed as a bridge that connects China with other countries.从东京到布宜诺斯艾利斯，外国学生都使用拼音来学习汉字的发音。由于其他国家越来越多的人开始学习汉语，拼音成为了连接世界的钥匙。因此，不难理解为什么拼音能够促进文化交流，并被视为连接中国与其他国家的桥梁。 Buenos Aires/ˌbweɪnɒs ˈaɪəriz/布宜诺斯艾利斯 holds the key to sustain In the digital age, Pinyin continues to have a(n) (7) ____________ impact on people’s lives. As it is now the mainstream way of typing Chinese characters on computers and mobile phones, its contribution to the development of Chinese (8) __________ and the spread of Chinese culture will surely grow.在数字时代，拼音对人们的生活仍有着深远的影响。如今，它已成为在电脑和手机上输入汉字的主流方式，其对中华文明的发展以及中国文化的传播所做出的贡献必将进一步增加。 far-reaching civilization B2.The feature article uses time order to introduce the evolution of Chinese characters,which makes it easier for the reader to understand the topic in question. Find the expressions indicating time order and write a short paragraph about the spread of Chinese characters to other countries. Use the information below to help you. Expressions indicating time order in the feature article: About 1,000 years after the oracle bone inscriptions were used during the Shang Dynasty, Qinshihuang unified China and Xiaozhuan was made the official writing style of the Qin Dynasty. Then Lishu became a mainstream style of writing in the Han Dynasty. The evolution from Xiaozhuan to Lishu marked a revolutionary transformation from ancient characters into modern characters. Another milestone in the evolution of the style of Chinese characters was Kaishu, which reached its peak in the Tang Dynasty. It became popular for its ease of use,and eventually progressed into what we now consider to be the standard script. Over 3,500 years ago, Chinese characters were created. Gradually, along with Chinese culture, Chinese characters spread to surrounding countries. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, they spread to Vietnam, helping them to develop their own writing system. Then around the 3rd century, the influence of Chinese characters reached Japan. Not only did these countries base their writing systems on Chinese characters, but their people also studied Chinese literary and philosophical texts and learnt Chinese calligraphy. The Chinese writing system, which began as a basic communicative tool, has significantly helped promote the spread of Chinese culture around the world. Workbook Page 67 Exploring language A. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below. accessible preserve stretch back on the decline delicate rank carve in vast quantities 1. With the mass production of the new medicine, the number of people suffering from this disease will be _____________. 随着这种新药的大规模生产，患有这种疾病的患者人数将会逐渐减少。 on the decline 2.The government is devoted to making green space more _________ to the public. 政府致力于让公众更容易享受到绿地资源。 3. It is hard to imagine that ancient craftspeople(手艺人; 工匠) were able to _____ this huge sculpture out of a single piece of stone. 4. It is our duty __________ our customs and traditions. 5. Human activities like farming can affect the ________ ecological balance of the rainforest. accessible carve to preserve delicate 6. Su Dongpo _______ among the greatest writers of all time. 苏东坡堪称有史以来最伟大的作家之一。 7. Alcohol can do great harm to the body if consumed ________________. 8. The history of that festival _____________ about 2,000 years. C.  Translate the following sentences into English. Use the words and phrases in the brackets. Page 68 ranked in vast quantities stretches back 1. 富含水果和蔬菜的饮食有助于增加肠道益生菌的多样性。(diversity) 2. 我们生活在一个充满着变化的时代。(era) A diet rich in fruit and vegetables helps increase the diversity of good bacteria in the gut. We are living in an era full of changes. 3. 昆曲在明清时期达到巅峰。(peak) 4. 数字化时代的许多发明彻底改变了我们的生活方式。(transform) Kunqu Opera reached its peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Many inventions in the digital age have completely transformed our lifestyles. 5. 这项措施的利弊显而易见。(plain to see) 6. 他当场计算了人工成本。(on the spot) The advantages and disadvantages of this measure are plain to see. He calculated the labour costs on the spot. 7. 他被公认为世界上最优秀的篮球运动员之一。(be acknowledged as) 8. 据说他去过南极探险。(be said to have done) He is widely acknowledged as one of the best basketball players in the world. He is said to have explored the South Pole. D.Fill in the blanks with proper words or the correct forms of the words in the brackets. Sunzi was a general, military strategist and thinker in the Spring and Autumn period,a time of constant warfare. His ingenious military strategies were recorded in a book (1) _______(entitle) Sunzi Bingfa. 孙子是春秋时期的一位将军、军事战略家和思想家，那个时期战事频繁不断。他所提出的巧妙的军事策略被收录在一本名为《孙子兵法》的书中。 strat·egist /ˈstrætədʒɪst/ 战略家；善于筹划部署的人 war·fare  /ˈwɔːfeə(r)/ 战；作战；战争 in·geni·ous /ɪnˈdʒiːniəs/精巧的,新颖独特的,巧妙的 entitled Written more than 2,000 years ago, this masterpiece is the world’s earliest existing book on military strategies and still remains (2) ________ (value) to us today. In his book, Sunzi attached great importance (3) ___ war, believing it was vital to a country, which would determine the rise and fall of the country as well as the life and death of its people. 在他的著作中，孙子非常重视战争，他认为战争对于一个国家来说至关重要，它能决定国家的兴衰以及人民的生死存亡。 attach importance/significance/value/weight, etc. (to sth)认为有重要性（或意义、价值、分量等）；重视 valuable to However, Sunzi also argued (4) _____ leaders should think twice before starting a war, because war was costly and would result in loss of life and destruction of resources. Apart from these general guidelines on war, Sunzi put forward specific strategies for (5) ________ (win) a war. For example, he argued that in order to win victories in war, one should know themselves and (6) _____ (they) enemies well. think twice about (doing) sth三思而行,慎重考虑后再决定 cost·ly引起困难的,造成损失的 ;花钱多的,昂贵的,价钱高的; that winning their Carrying out surprise attacks and making good use of such natural conditions (7) ___ climate also played an important role in defeating enemies. Sunzi’s ideal of military strategy, however, was making enemies surrender without (8) ________(actual) fighting a war.进行突然袭击并充分利用诸如气候等自然条件，也对战胜敌人起到了重要作用。然而，孙武所倡导的军事战略理念是让敌人主动投降，而非真正展开战争。 such...as/such as(诸如…) 之类的;(像…) 那样的 ideal of sth.完美典范;完美的人（或事物） sur·ren·der  /səˈrendə(r)/ v./n.投降;(被迫)放弃，交出 as actually These military strategies are the fruits of ancient Chinese (9) _______(wise), with a far-reaching influence on China and the rest of the world, which goes beyond the military world to such areas as business and politics. Today, Sunzi Bingfa (10) _________ (study) in military academies and business schools around the world, and it continues to guide us in various aspects of our lives.这些军事策略是古代中国智慧的结晶，对中国乃至世界产生了深远的影响，其影响范围不仅限于军事领域，还延伸至商业和政治等领域。如今，孙子兵法在世界各地的军事院校和商学院中被研究学习，并且继续在我们的生活各个方面为我们提供指导。 acad·emy /əˈkædəmi/ 专科院校;研究院,学会;私立学校 wisdom is studied $