精品解析：北京市朝阳区北京中学2025-2026学年高二上学期期中英语试题

2025-2026学年度第一学期期中质量调研试题 年级：高二英才学科：英语 第一部分 知识运用（共三节，30分） 第一节（共10小题，共10分） Maya Rodriguez, a shy girl, had always been more comfortable with paintbrushes than people. Her art teacher recognized something ____1____ in Maya’s ability to describe not just faces, but souls. “You don’t just draw people,” she told Maya once, “you ____2____ their inner landscape.” As graduation approached, Maya had a crazy idea. What if she could paint a portrait for every one of her classmates? She worked secretly, ____3____ moments between classes and during lunch breaks. Some classmates knew Maya was an artist, but none suspected such a massive project. On graduation day, Maya ____4____ the podium (讲台) nervously. The classroom became quiet as she began speaking about connection and the stories they carried inside them. “Look under your chairs,” she said ____5____. As all her classmates discovered the carefully wrapped pictures, the room transformed. Tears, laughter, amazed silence — each ____6____ was as unique as the portraits themselves. Her best friend Sophia’s portrait showed her medical textbooks and dance shoes, describing her complex ____7____. “These aren’t just paintings,” Maya said, her voice gaining strength gradually. “These are ____8____ showing each of you how remarkable you truly are.” The standing applause lasted several minutes. Maya realized her ability to help people ____9____ themselves with compassion, curiosity and wonder. Her art was a bridge — connecting hearts and turning a(n) ____10____ high school graduation into a celebration of human potential 1. A. strange B. funny C. universal D. special 2. A. reveal B. appreciate C. restore D. tolerate 3. A. ruining B. stealing C. missing D. remembering 4. A. put away B. looked into C. stepped onto D. pulled down 5. A. softly B. pleasingly C. secretly D. arrogantly 6. A. relief B. reaction C. performance D. pose 7. A. tests B. rules C. dreams D. tricks 8. A. traditions B. marks C. artworks D. mirrors 9. A. view B. engage C. respect D. amuse 10. A. casual B. simple C. routine D. indifferent 第二节词汇（共10小题，共10分） 从方框内选择恰当的单词或短语填入句子中，注意使用其正确形式。 access bend extinct decrease destroy chase in contrast to set out drag away at risk 11. Kids ________ around the house should pay attention to their safety. 12. Each room comes with its own bathroom and Internet ________. 13. He ________ down and picked up a book from the floor. 14. The fallen tree ________ from the main road after the wild wind. 15. ________ his wife, Bush has little appetite for foreign travel. 16. The flood went all over the field and quite a few villages along the river ________. 17. ________, where entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in our Earth’s history. 18. Look at the unemployment. It ________ rapidly in the last few months. 19. The moment I got home, I ________ to learn English. 20. If we go to the war, innocent lives will be put ________. 第三节 语法填空（共10小题，共10分） 在空白处填上合适的1个单词或根据所给单词的正确形式填空。 21. That evening, ________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. (用适当的词填空) 22. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ________ help I would never have got this far. (用适当的词填空) 23. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series. (用适当的词填空) 24. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, ________ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. (用适当的词填空) 25. A ship in the harbor is safe, but that’s not ________ ships are built for. (用适当的词填空) 26. That was really the first time I ________ to explain science to an audience. (try) (所给词适当形式填空) 27. I found the lecture hard to follow because it ________ when I arrived. (start) (所给词的适当形式填空) 28. Unless some extra money ________, the theater will close. (find) (所给词的适当形式填空) 29. Personal anger and stress are nothing ________ to the real costs socially. (compare) (所给词的适当形式填空) 30. In the last 500 million years, there ________ five times when life on Earth has almost ended. (be) (所给词的适当形式填空) 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Our brains need challenging tasks to stay sharp. And thankfully, there’s an app for that — many, actually. Alvaro Fernando, CEO of market-research firm Sharp-Brains, suggests trying ones other than the games you usually play. “If you’re doing something that brings novelty, variety and a level of effort, you’ re on the right path.” Here are three apps to get your brain going — and three more to help it gear back down. BrainHQ This app serves up short tests to identify your weak spots — be it attention, memory or brain speed — and then offers suitable games to help you improve. Studies have shown users have the memory of a person 10 years younger, and have an easier time following a conversation in a crowded room. Lumosity Launched in 2007, this popular app with over 100 million users offers dozens of games and puzzles that focus on different brain skills. Completing anagram puzzles will help build your problem- solving abilities, matching games boost memory, and reordering numbers hones your mastery of math. Cognifit This app offers fun brain games that help boost a dozen skills, including concentration. memory, reasoning and coordination. (It even promises to help you become a better driver) Additionally, Cognifit features tailored regimens for specific conditions, including Parkinson’s, “chemo brain,” depression and ADHD. Calm True to its name, Calm contains breathing exercises, three- to 25- minute guided meditation sessions and stories designed to help you fall asleep. Actor Mathew McConaughy voices one such talk, called “Wonder”. Headspace This app has hundreds of guided meditations for every need: two-minute mini-sits, SOS sessions for moments of serious stress and versions for walks. For the end of the day, Headspace offers 45-minute podcasts that use calming visualizations and sounds to help you nod off. 10% Happier Inspired by ABC news anchor Dan Harris’ bestselling book, this app includes more than 500 guided meditations, as well as short videos to keep you motivated — and the option to text with a coach. 31. This passage is more likely to be seen in___________. A. research from a university publication B. the Health page of a newspaper C. an analysis from a medical magazine D. a feature in a technology magazine 32. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. Calm, Headspace and 10% Happier can help users improve sleep quality. B. The users of BrainHO are ten years younger than those who don’t use it. C. Both Lumosity and Cognifit can improve users’ memory through games D. In Calm, users can watch Matthew McConaughey act in the story “wonder”. 33. “Jane is a senior three student. Since the beginning of school, she has been unable to concentrate in class, depressed and not very interested in anything.” Which of the following apps may be best for her? A. Calm and Headspace. B. BrainHO and Cognifit. C. Cognifitand 10% Happier. D. Lumosityand 10% Happier B Good manners used to mean simple courtesy (礼节) and being kind. Today it seems we may fear doing or saying the wrong thing, and for good reason. Given the power of the Internet, a faux pas (失礼) can mean losing a friend — or your job. Covering the ins and outs of civil behavior for the past 20-plus years I have learned that, fortunately, good intentions never go out of style. Even better, science tells us that acts of kindness are infectious: If I treat you right, you’ re more likely to treat the next person better. TO HOLD OR NOT TO HOLD — THE DOOR Q: My husband always opens doors for women (he’s over 80). But the younger women cast him a look of pure shock and rush past him without a thank-you. So sad, why has such a basic kindness gone out of style? — Jo Garcia A: Let me uncomplicate things: If I’m first to the door, I’m going to pull it open and let you go first, whether you’ re a man or a woman. A push door can be awkward, but I’ll usually go through first (with my most charming “Allow me”) and then hold it for you. I give the same advice to my sister (and all women): First one there opens the door and holds it. The one time to break the rule: If the person ahead of you needs assistance or is much older, step up and open the door. And for those of us on the receiving end of a door kindness, I hope we all say “Thank you” as we pass by. NO THANK-YOU NOTES=NO MORE GIFTS? Q: It especially bothers me when I give a child a gift and there is no acknowledgement from the parent or the child. What are my options? — Sharon Taft A: I’m the quick-witted uncle to three nieces, which means I rely on humor to make a point. One time, several weeks after the holidays had gone by, I e-mailed one of the girls: “I can’t thank you enough for thank-you note.” That inspired a quick, and guilty, thank-you from her. Then there was the year I boycotted (抵制) them: no gifts. You bet they noticed, and they did a fine job with their thank-you e-mails once I resumed gift giving. (Yes, e-mail is just fine, especially when compared with the alternative — no response.) But I learned a lesson, too: I try my best to thank those who express kindness to me, whether it’s a flight attendant helping me with a bag or these same nieces — now young adults — who recently made an amazing dinner for our family. There’s a theory that gratitude begets gratitude. I believe that now. 34. Both Jo Garcia and Sharon Taft are puzzled by __________. A. what makes young people so rude B. what kindness means to young adults C. why kindness is not infectious nowadays D. why some good manners are out of date 35. Which statement is the writer most likely to agree with? A. Men should always hold the door for women. B. It is always necessary to express our gratitude. C. Jo should remind her husband of his impoliteness. D. Being humorous matters more than being polite. 36. What can we infer from the uncle’s experience of boycotting gifts for his nieces? A. sending a thank-you email is worse than not expressing gratitude at all. B. The nieces didn’t care about whether they received gifts from their uncle at all. C. The uncle resumed giving gifts to his nieces after they expressed their appreciation. D. The absence of gifts made the nieces realize they should have expressed gratitude. 37. This passage is most likely taken from a __________. A. social science journal B. newspaper advice column C. celebrity interview script D. interpersonal relationship report C In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 38. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 39. What does Daru’s study focus on? A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 40. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 41. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. D Visit any antiques store and you’ll encounter artifacts from the past: photographs, letters, a brochure detailing the delicate dinosaur exhibit from the 1964 — 1965 World’s Fair, the ephemera (短暂现象) of history. Yet these objects aren’t truly ephemeral, because they’re still here, decades, even centuries later. Why? Because they’re tangible. Have you pondered the life cycle of intangible formats, digital information, given that those who produce these artifacts seldom plan for their long-term preservation? For millennia, we’ve known what we’ve known due to artifacts that have survived, often despite their original creators’ neglect. The thing itself is the medium that delivers the information. At the time of creation, no attempts were made at intentional preservation, yet analogous materials (实体材料) have a chance of surviving and serving as the historical record that biographers, historians, and novelists rely on. Libraries and archives have traditionally shouldered the responsibility of organization, preservation, and access to information. Thus, librarians digitize the tangible so that researchers anywhere can quickly search and access their Holdings. The result is an embarrassment of historical riches, which brings to its own needle-and-haystack problems. Librarians’ selfless devotion can act against us when users point to universality of access by holding up a cellphone and saying, “It’s all in here” as evidence that libraries are less vital for researchers today. Yet how was that universality of access made possible and, perhaps more importantly, how is it maintained? Who curates what is preserved? When it comes to born-digital information, the terrifying answer can be: if not librarians and archivists, then no one. Digital information requires a great deal more care than analog. Even when a digital object is preserved, it may only be the carrier that’s saved, not the information itself. As technology advances and a format becomes obsolete, the object is useless. Have you ever stared helplessly at a ZIP disk, thinking: how do I get the files off this? Without constant migration of digital assets, a nightmare about the foreseeable future is what keeps historians up at night: a historical record that abruptly stops when digital replaces analog. As a librarian whose day job revolves around special collections and digital assets, I share the night terrors of historians, and I’d be lying if I said a comprehensive preservation solution currently exists. Yet researchers can take some comfort in the fact that there are a multitude of librarians devoted to discovering, organizing, and preserving digital information for researchers current and future. Librarians are uniquely positioned to understand how end users seek and use information. Thus, we play an indispensable role in identifying, preserving, and providing accessibility to digital artifacts so that, while future researchers may find the digital realm a challenging place to practice their profession, they won’t find it an impossible one. 42. The author mentions the artifacts from the past to _________. A. introduce the collection of antiques B. contrast them with everyday items C. bring up the issue of preservation D. comment on their historical value 43. Compared with digital objects, tangible artifacts _________. A. are less subject to their creators’ neglect B. convey information in a more direct way C. require more intentional preservation D. are less likely to suffer serious damage 44. According to Paragraph 3, librarians’ work may result in _________. A. oversupply of materials B. undervaluation of libraries C. researchers’ underperformance D. users’ overreliance on technology 45. Which of the following statements best summarizes the text? A. Hard work should be done to preserve artifacts. B. Keeping digital historical records is a challenge. C. Accessing databases is essential to researchers. D. Contributions of librarians should be recognized. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Sometimes in our lives, we face this problem: both loved ones and strangers can annoy us. At home, we’ve had to put up with children screaming during online meetings and family members being on the computer all the time. ____46____ Kindness seems like a distant memory. The ability to live peacefully with annoying housemates or neighbors seems more difficult than ever. ____47____ If we treat kindness as a skill and make it a daily practice, it will come more easily over time. ____48____ Loving-Kindness Meditation (LKM), which traces its roots back to early Buddhism, helps us find compassion for one another even during trying times. This meditation asks us to send thoughts of loving-kindness to our loved ones, then to acquaintances (people you don’t know very well), and finally to difficult people. Over time, our unkind thoughts are replaced with more open, accepting ones. Anger is replaced with love, or at least kindness. Donald Altman, a psychotherapist from Portland, Oregon, says LKM helps us recognize that we are all vulnerable and have been hurt. ____49____ So how do we practice it? To begin with, Altman suggests finding a quiet place to sit. He says to then imagine a favorite family member or friend sending you the words: “May you be well, happy, and at peace.” After a few minutes, direct the words at yourself: “May I be well, happy, and at peace.” ____50____ Replace the “I” with the name of a teacher or coach, then a family member or friend, then an acquaintance, and finally an unfriendly person in your life. End the meditation by spreading the blessings to all living beings. Indeed, we should find our own way to practice LKM-but only if we are prepared to embrace its benefits and extend them to anyone who may need them. A. The good news is that it isn’t lost B. Luckily we can look to ancient disciplines for guidance C. Then, extend the blessing to other people, in order of decreasing fondness. D. At work, we have had to take the pressure these demanding crate. E. For that reason, we could all benefit from love’s warm and comforting blessing F. You can combine the words with breathing repeating a phrase of love for yourself G. Outside, we have encountered drivers speeding on busy roads and passengers talking loudly on the subway 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分） 阅读下面的短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Anna Du was walking along the beach at Castle Island in South Boston when she noticed plastic scattered (散落) across the shoreline. She bent down to pick some up but quickly realized there were far too many tiny pieces to handle. “When I saw how much plastic there was, it seemed impossible to clean it all up, ” recalls Du, who was in sixth grade at the time. Instead of giving up, Du tackled the problem like any good scientist—starting with research. That’s how she discovered that 8 million tons of plastic end up in the oceans every year. Inspired by her findings, Du decided to build a remote-operated vehicle (ROV) to detect microplastics on the ocean floor. Her ROV, made from PVC pipes, features two main systems: a navigation system and a detection system. The navigation system uses propellers and a combination of fishing weights and foam floats (lightweight materials that keep the device floating) to move up and down. The detection system, however, is the real innovation. It uses infrared cameras (红外相机) and light wavelengths to spot microplastics, making them stand out against sand and plants. Actually, the device doesn’t collect microplastics, but it identifies where they accumulate. Du has even applied for a patent on the Rov’s key components. Faced with the challenge of locating ocean microplastics—unlike the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, these are not floating on the surface—she knew an ROV would be the most efficient tool. Taking water samples and analyzing them in a lab could never be done on the scale needed. Instead, she needed a mobile lab to detect plastics in-situ (在现场) . Her ROV impressed many experts with its clever design. “She has an impressive engineering instinct, ” says Casey Mach Ado, an engineer at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. “Her ability to break down problems and create solutions is remarkable. ” “I want to be an engineer because I love building things to help solve global problems, ” says Du. “But I’m not sure yet what kind of engineer I want to be. ” At her age, she has plenty of time to figure that out. 51. What did Anna Du notice when she was walking along the beach? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 52. How does the detection system of ROV work? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 53. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Faced with the challenge of locating ocean microplastics, Anna Du thought it necessary to take water samples and analyze them in a lab. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 54. Among Anna Du’s qualities, which one (s) do you think will be important for us? Why? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 55. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，你校于2025年世界地球日（4月22日）举办了以“Our Power, Our Planet”为主题的活动。你的笔友Jim发来邮件询问活动情况，请你用英文回复，内容包括： 1. 活动内容； 2. 你的感受。 注意：词数100左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年度第一学期期中质量调研试题 年级：高二英才学科：英语 第一部分 知识运用（共三节，30分） 第一节（共10小题，共10分） Maya Rodriguez, a shy girl, had always been more comfortable with paintbrushes than people. Her art teacher recognized something ____1____ in Maya’s ability to describe not just faces, but souls. “You don’t just draw people,” she told Maya once, “you ____2____ their inner landscape.” As graduation approached, Maya had a crazy idea. What if she could paint a portrait for every one of her classmates? She worked secretly, ____3____ moments between classes and during lunch breaks. Some classmates knew Maya was an artist, but none suspected such a massive project. On graduation day, Maya ____4____ the podium (讲台) nervously. The classroom became quiet as she began speaking about connection and the stories they carried inside them. “Look under your chairs,” she said ____5____. As all her classmates discovered the carefully wrapped pictures, the room transformed. Tears, laughter, amazed silence — each ____6____ was as unique as the portraits themselves. Her best friend Sophia’s portrait showed her medical textbooks and dance shoes, describing her complex ____7____. “These aren’t just paintings,” Maya said, her voice gaining strength gradually. “These are ____8____ showing each of you how remarkable you truly are.” The standing applause lasted several minutes. Maya realized her ability to help people ____9____ themselves with compassion, curiosity and wonder. Her art was a bridge — connecting hearts and turning a(n) ____10____ high school graduation into a celebration of human potential. 1. A. strange B. funny C. universal D. special 2. A. reveal B. appreciate C. restore D. tolerate 3. A. ruining B. stealing C. missing D. remembering 4. A. put away B. looked into C. stepped onto D. pulled down 5 A. softly B. pleasingly C. secretly D. arrogantly 6. A. relief B. reaction C. performance D. pose 7. A. tests B. rules C. dreams D. tricks 8. A. traditions B. marks C. artworks D. mirrors 9. A. view B. engage C. respect D. amuse 10. A. casual B. simple C. routine D. indifferent 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了内向的女孩玛雅·罗德里格斯凭借出色的绘画天赋，在毕业前秘密为每位同学创作肖像画，最终在毕业典礼上呈现这份特殊礼物，用艺术连接人心，将普通的毕业典礼变成对每个人潜力的庆祝，也让自己找到了艺术的意义。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的美术老师发现玛雅的绘画能力很特别——她不仅能描绘人的外貌，还能刻画人的灵魂。A. strange奇怪的；B. funny有趣的；C. universal普遍的；D. special特别的。根据后文“Maya’s ability to describe not just faces, but souls”可知，玛雅能“刻画灵魂”，这是超出普通绘画能力的特质。故选D项。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：老师曾对玛雅说：“你不只是在画人，你还在揭示他们内心的世界。”A. reveal揭示，展现；B. appreciate欣赏；C. restore恢复；D. tolerate容忍。根据前文“describe not just faces, but souls”可知，玛雅的画能“展现”内心，“reveal”（揭示）符合“通过绘画让内心世界显现”的语义，故选A项。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她秘密创作，在课间和午休的间隙见缝插针地挤时间。A. ruining破坏；B. stealing偷偷争取（时间）；C. missing错过；D. remembering记得。根据后文“moments between classes and during lunch breaks”可知，她偷偷挤出时间。故选B项。 【4题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：毕业典礼那天，玛雅紧张地走上讲台。A. put away收起；B. looked into调查；C. stepped onto走上；D. pulled down拉倒。根据“podium”和“began speaking”可知，玛雅需要“走上讲台”。故选C项。 【5题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“看看你们的椅子下面。”她轻声说道。A. softly轻声地；B. pleasingly令人愉快地；C. secretly秘密地；D. arrogantly傲慢地。前文提到玛雅是“shy girl”，且此时刚上台紧张，“softly”（轻声地）符合她内向、紧张的性格。故选A项。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：泪水、笑声、惊喜的沉默——每个人的反应都和肖像画一样独特。A. relief缓解；B. reaction反应；C. performance表现；D. pose姿势。根据前文“tears, laughter, amazed silence”可知，都是同学们看到肖像画后的“反应”。故选B项。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她最好的朋友索菲亚的肖像画里，画了索菲亚的医学课本和舞鞋，描绘了她复杂的梦想。A. tests测试；B. rules规则；C. dreams梦想；D. tricks窍门。根据前文“Her best friend Sophia’s portrait showed her medical textbooks and dance shoes”可知，绘画中描绘了索菲亚复杂的梦想。故选C项。 8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：玛雅的声音逐渐变得有力：“这些不只是画，它们是一面面镜子，让你们看到自己有多出色。”A. traditions传统；B. marks标记；C. artworks艺术品；D. mirrors镜子。根据后文“showing each of you how remarkable you truly are”可知，“镜子”的作用是“映照出真实的样子”，此处比喻肖像画能让同学“看到自己的出色之处”，贴合“展现内在价值”的语义，故选D项。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：玛雅意识到，她的能力能帮助人们用同情、好奇和惊叹的眼光看待自己。A. view看待；B. engage参与；C. respect尊重；D. amuse使开心。根据后文“with compassion, curiosity and wonder.”可知，肖像画让同学们发现自身的出色，即“以积极的眼光看待自己”，“view”（看待）符合“改变自我认知”的语境，故选A项。 【10题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的艺术是一座桥梁——连接心灵，将一场简单的高中毕业典礼，变成了对人类潜力的庆祝。A. casual随意的；B. simple简单的；C. routine常规的；D. indifferent漠不关心的。普通的毕业典礼本是“简单的”，但玛雅的肖像画让它变得特殊，“simple”（简单的）与后文“celebration of human potential”（对人类潜力的庆祝）形成对比，突出艺术带来的改变，故选B项。 第二节词汇（共10小题，共10分） 从方框内选择恰当的单词或短语填入句子中，注意使用其正确形式。 access bend extinct decrease destroy chase in contrast to set out drag away at risk 11. Kids ________ around the house should pay attention to their safety. 12. Each room comes with its own bathroom and Internet ________. 13. He ________ down and picked up a book from the floor. 14. The fallen tree ________ from the main road after the wild wind. 15. ________ his wife, Bush has little appetite for foreign travel. 16. The flood went all over the field and quite a few villages along the river ________. 17. ________, where entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in our Earth’s history. 18. Look at the unemployment. It ________ rapidly in the last few months. 19. The moment I got home, I ________ to learn English. 20. If we go to the war, innocent lives will be put ________. 【答案】11. chasing 12. access 13. bent 14. was dragged away 15. In contrast to 16. were destroyed 17. Extinctions 18. has decreased 19. set out 20. at risk 【解析】 【11题详解】 考查动词和非谓语动词。句意：在房子里追逐打闹的孩子们应该注意安全。根据“around the house”可知，此处指“追逐”，chase意为“追逐；追赶”，与逻辑主语kids之间为主动关系，所以此处应用现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰Kids。故填chasing。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：每个房间都配有独立卫生间和网络接入服务。根据“Internet”可知，此处指“网络接入”，access意为“接入；使用机会”，为不可数名词，符合语境。故填access。 【13题详解】 考查动词和时态。句意：他弯腰从地上捡起一本书。根据“down and picked up a book”可知，此处指“弯腰”，bend意为“弯腰；弯曲”。结合picked可知，句子描述过去的动作，应用一般过去时，bend的过去式为bent。故填bent。 【14题详解】 考查动词短语和时态语态。句意：狂风过后，那棵倒下的树被从主干道上拖走了。根据“from the main road”可知，此处指“被拖走”，drag away意为“拖走”。主语The fallen tree与drag away之间为被动关系，结合after the wild wind可知，句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，be动词用was，drag的过去分词为dragged。故填was dragged away。 【15题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：和他妻子不同，布什对出国旅行没什么兴趣。根据“his wife, Bush has little appetite for foreign travel”可知，此处表示对比，in contrast to为固定短语，意为“与……相比”，句首单词首字母需大写。故填In contrast to。 【16题详解】 考查动词和时态。句意：洪水漫过田野，沿河的好几个村庄都被冲毁了。根据“The flood”可知，此处指村庄被“冲毁”，destroy意为“摧毁；毁坏”。主语quite a few villages与destroy之间为被动关系，结合went可知，句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were，destroy的过去分词为destroyed。故填were destroyed。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：物种灭绝——即整个物种被彻底消灭——在地球历史上并不罕见。根据“where entire species are wiped out”可知，此处指“物种灭绝”，extinct为形容词，其名词形式为extinction，在句中作主语，结合are可知，应用复数形式extinctions，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Extinctions。 【18题详解】 考查动词和时态。句意：看看失业率，过去几个月它一直在急剧下降。根据“rapidly in the last few months”可知，此处指失业率“下降”，decrease意为“下降；减少”。结合in the last few months可知，句子应用现在完成时，结构为“have/has +过去分词”，主语It为单数，助动词用has，decrease的过去分词为decreased。故填has decreased。 【19题详解】 考查固定短语和时态。句意：我一到家就开始学习英语。根据“to learn English”可知，此处指“开始”做某事，set out为固定短语，意为“开始；着手”。结合got可知，句子描述过去的动作，应用一般过去时，set的过去式为set。故填set out。 【20题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：如果我们开战，无辜的生命将会处于危险之中。根据“innocent lives will be put”可知，此处指“处于危险中”，at risk为固定短语，符合语境。故填at risk。 第三节 语法填空（共10小题，共10分） 在空白处填上合适的1个单词或根据所给单词的正确形式填空。 21. That evening, ________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那天晚上我工作到很晚，稍后我会跟你详细讲讲那天晚上的事。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为That evening，指物，且从句中介词about后缺少宾语，需用关系代词which。故填which。 22. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ________ help I would never have got this far. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我要感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我不可能取得今天的成就。此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的是非限制性定语从句，Professor Smith和help之间是所属关系，因此用whose表所属，故填whose。 23. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：玛丽亚写了两部小说，这两部小说都被改编成了电视剧。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为two novels，指物，先行词在从句中作介词of的宾语，此时需用关系代词which。故填which。 24. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, ________ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：洪水过后，那个地区的人们饱受苦难，他们急需干净的水、药品和住所来生存。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为people，指人，且从句中缺少主语，需用关系代词who。故填who。 25. A ship in the harbor is safe, but that’s not ________ ships are built for. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【解析】 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：一艘在港口的船是安全的，但那不是船建造的目的。空处引导表语从句，从句缺少宾语，指代事物，应用连接代词what。故填what。 26. That was really the first time I ________ to explain science to an audience. (try) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had tried 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：那真是我第一次尝试向观众解释科学。固定句式“It/That was the first time (that) sb. had done sth.”，表示“那是某人第一次做某事”，从句需用过去完成时，try的过去分词为tried。故填had tried。 27. I found the lecture hard to follow because it ________ when I arrived. (start) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had started 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我发现这个讲座很难跟上，因为我到的时候它已经开始了。空格处的动作发生在arrived（过去时）之前，属于过去的过去，需用过去完成时，其结构为“had+过去分词”，start的过去分词为started。故填had started。 28. Unless some extra money ________, the theater will close. (find) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is found 【解析】 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：除非能找到额外的资金，否则这家剧院就要倒闭了。unless引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来；从句主语some extra money和动词find为被动关系，所以此处用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are+过去分词”，money为不可数名词，be动词用is，find的过去分词为found。故填is found。 29. Personal anger and stress are nothing ________ to the real costs socially. (compare) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】compared 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：个人的愤怒和压力，比起其在社会层面上造成的实际代价，根本不值一提。空格处为非谓语动词，compare与逻辑主语Personal anger and stress之间为被动关系，需用过去分词compared。故填compared。 30. In the last 500 million years, there ________ five times when life on Earth has almost ended. (be) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五亿年里，地球上的生命曾有过五次濒临灭绝的时刻。句中时间状语In the last 500 million years 是现在完成时的标志，there be 句型的现在完成时结构为there have/has been，five times 表示复数概念，所以用have been。故填have been。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Our brains need challenging tasks to stay sharp. And thankfully, there’s an app for that — many, actually. Alvaro Fernando, CEO of market-research firm Sharp-Brains, suggests trying ones other than the games you usually play. “If you’re doing something that brings novelty, variety and a level of effort, you’ re on the right path.” Here are three apps to get your brain going — and three more to help it gear back down. BrainHQ This app serves up short tests to identify your weak spots — be it attention, memory or brain speed — and then offers suitable games to help you improve. Studies have shown users have the memory of a person 10 years younger, and have an easier time following a conversation in a crowded room. Lumosity Launched in 2007, this popular app with over 100 million users offers dozens of games and puzzles that focus on different brain skills. Completing anagram puzzles will help build your problem- solving abilities, matching games boost memory, and reordering numbers hones your mastery of math. Cognifit This app offers fun brain games that help boost a dozen skills, including concentration. memory, reasoning and coordination. (It even promises to help you become a better driver) Additionally, Cognifit features tailored regimens for specific conditions, including Parkinson’s, “chemo brain,” depression and ADHD. Calm True to its name, Calm contains breathing exercises, three- to 25- minute guided meditation sessions and stories designed to help you fall asleep. Actor Mathew McConaughy voices one such talk, called “Wonder”. Headspace This app has hundreds of guided meditations for every need: two-minute mini-sits, SOS sessions for moments of serious stress and versions for walks. For the end of the day, Headspace offers 45-minute podcasts that use calming visualizations and sounds to help you nod off. 10% Happier Inspired by ABC news anchor Dan Harris’ bestselling book, this app includes more than 500 guided meditations, as well as short videos to keep you motivated — and the option to text with a coach. 31. This passage is more likely to be seen in___________. A. research from a university publication B. the Health page of a newspaper C. an analysis from a medical magazine D. a feature in a technology magazine 32. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. Calm, Headspace and 10% Happier can help users improve sleep quality. B. The users of BrainHO are ten years younger than those who don’t use it. C. Both Lumosity and Cognifit can improve users’ memory through games D. In Calm, users can watch Matthew McConaughey act in the story “wonder”. 33. “Jane is a senior three student. Since the beginning of school, she has been unable to concentrate in class, depressed and not very interested in anything.” Which of the following apps may be best for her? A. Calm and Headspace. B. BrainHO and Cognifit. C. Cognifitand 10% Happier. D. Lumosityand 10% Happier 【答案】31. D 32. C 33. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三款能让大脑运转起来的应用程序和三款帮助大脑放松的应用程序。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Our brains need challenging tasks to stay sharp. And thankfully, there’s an app for that — many, actually. (我们的大脑需要具有挑战性的任务来保持敏锐。值得庆幸的是，有一个应用程序可以做到这一点——实际上，有很多)”以及下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了几款与大脑锻炼和放松相关的应用程序，所以这篇文章更有可能出现在科技杂志的专题报道中。故选D项。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据Lumosity部分中“Completing anagram puzzles will help build your problem-solving abilities, matching games boost memory, and reordering numbers hones your mastery of math. (完成字谜将有助于培养你的解决问题的能力，匹配游戏可以提高记忆力，重新排列数字可以磨练你对数学的掌握)”以及Cognifit部分中“This app offers fun brain games that help boost a dozen skills, including concentration. memory, reasoning and coordination. (这个应用程序提供有趣的大脑游戏，有助于提高十几种技能，包括注意力、记忆力、推理和协调能力)”可知，Lumosity和Cognifit都可以通过游戏提高用户的记忆力。故选C项。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据BrainHQ部分中“This app serves up short tests to identify your weak spots — be it attention, memory or brain speed — and then offers suitable games to help you improve. (这个应用程序提供简短的测试来识别你的弱点——无论是注意力、记忆力还是大脑速度——然后提供合适的游戏来帮助你提高)”和Cognifit部分中“Additionally, Cognifit features tailored regimens for specific conditions, including Parkinson’s, “chemo brain,” depression and ADHD. (此外，Cognifit还为特定情况提供量身定制的治疗方案，包括帕金森氏症、“化疗脑”、抑郁症和注意力缺陷多动障碍)”可知，BrainHQ可以帮助提高注意力和记忆力，Cognifit可以帮助改善抑郁症状，所以对于无法集中注意力、感到抑郁的高三学生Jane来说，BrainHQ和Cognifit这两款应用程序可能是最好的。故选B项。 B Good manners used to mean simple courtesy (礼节) and being kind. Today it seems we may fear doing or saying the wrong thing, and for good reason. Given the power of the Internet, a faux pas (失礼) can mean losing a friend — or your job. Covering the ins and outs of civil behavior for the past 20-plus years, I have learned that, fortunately, good intentions never go out of style. Even better, science tells us that acts of kindness are infectious: If I treat you right, you’ re more likely to treat the next person better. TO HOLD OR NOT TO HOLD — THE DOOR Q: My husband always opens doors for women (he’s over 80). But the younger women cast him a look of pure shock and rush past him without a thank-you. So sad, why has such a basic kindness gone out of style? — Jo Garcia A: Let me uncomplicate things: If I’m first to the door, I’m going to pull it open and let you go first, whether you’ re a man or a woman. A push door can be awkward, but I’ll usually go through first (with my most charming “Allow me”) and then hold it for you. I give the same advice to my sister (and all women): First one there opens the door and holds it. The one time to break the rule: If the person ahead of you needs assistance or is much older, step up and open the door. And for those of us on the receiving end of a door kindness, I hope we all say “Thank you” as we pass by. NO THANK-YOU NOTES=NO MORE GIFTS? Q: It especially bothers me when I give a child a gift and there is no acknowledgement from the parent or the child. What are my options? — Sharon Taft A: I’m the quick-witted uncle to three nieces, which means I rely on humor to make a point. One time, several weeks after the holidays had gone by, I e-mailed one of the girls: “I can’t thank you enough for thank-you note.” That inspired a quick, and guilty, thank-you from her. Then there was the year I boycotted (抵制) them: no gifts. You bet they noticed, and they did a fine job with their thank-you e-mails once I resumed gift giving. (Yes, e-mail is just fine, especially when compared with the alternative — no response.) But I learned a lesson, too: I try my best to thank those who express kindness to me, whether it’s a flight attendant helping me with a bag or these same nieces — now young adults — who recently made an amazing dinner for our family. There’s a theory that gratitude begets gratitude. I believe that now. 34. Both Jo Garcia and Sharon Taft are puzzled by __________. A. what makes young people so rude B. what kindness means to young adults C. why kindness is not infectious nowadays D. why some good manners are out of date 35. Which statement is the writer most likely to agree with? A. Men should always hold the door for women. B. It is always necessary to express our gratitude. C. Jo should remind her husband of his impoliteness. D. Being humorous matters more than being polite. 36. What can we infer from the uncle’s experience of boycotting gifts for his nieces? A. sending a thank-you email is worse than not expressing gratitude at all. B. The nieces didn’t care about whether they received gifts from their uncle at all. C. The uncle resumed giving gifts to his nieces after they expressed their appreciation. D. The absence of gifts made the nieces realize they should have expressed gratitude. 37. This passage is most likely taken from a __________. A. social science journal B. newspaper advice column C. celebrity interview script D. interpersonal relationship report 【答案】34. D 35. B 36. D 37. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。作者结合自身经历与经验，探讨了现代社会中良好举止和感恩的重要性，并通过给两位读者的建议，表明如何通过简单的行为和表达来维持和传递这些美德。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据Jo Garcia的问题“My husband always opens doors for women (he’s over 80). But the younger women cast him a look of pure shock and rush past him without a thank-you. So sad, why has such a basic kindness gone out of style? (我丈夫总是为女性开门（他已经80多岁了）。但年轻的女士们震惊地看了他一眼，连一句感谢都没说就从他身边冲了过去。如此悲哀，为什么这种基本的善良已经过时了)”和Sharon Taft的问题“It especially bothers me when I give a child a gift and there is no acknowledgment from the parent or the child. What are my options? (当我给孩子送礼物时，父母或孩子都没有表示感谢，这尤其让我烦恼。我有什么选择？)”可知，两人都对为什么一些好的礼仪已经过时感到困惑。故选D。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据作者对第一个问题回答中的“And for those of us on the receiving end of a door kindness, I hope we all say “Thank you” as we pass by. (对于我们这些接受开门恩惠的人，我希望我们在经过时都能说一声“谢谢”)”和对第二个问题的回答中的“One time, several weeks after the holidays had gone by, I e-mailed one of the girls: “I can’t thank you enough for thank-you note.” That inspired a quick, and guilty, thank-you from her. Then there was the year I boycotted them: no gifts. (有一次，在假期过去几周后，我给其中一个女孩发了一封电子邮件：“我对你的感谢信感激不尽。”这句话激起了她迅速而又内疚地道谢。然后有一年我抵制了他们：没有礼物)”可知，作者认为应该对善意的开门行为表达感谢，而且机智地启发自己的侄女去写感谢信。由此推知，作者可能会同意“表达我们的感激之情总是必要的”的观点。故选B。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Then there was the year I boycotted (抵制) them: no gifts. You bet they noticed, and they did a fine job with their thank-you e-mails once I resumed gift giving. (Yes, e-mail is just fine, especially when compared with the alternative — no response.) (有一年我抵制她们：不送礼物。你敢打赌，她们注意到了，而且在我重新开始送礼物后，她们在感谢邮件上做得很好。（是的，电子邮件很好，尤其是与没有回复的替代方式相比）)”可知，叔叔抵制送礼物给侄女们，侄女们注意到了这一变化，且在叔叔恢复送礼物时，她们发来了不错的感谢邮件。由此推知，礼物的缺失让侄女们意识到本应表达感激。故选D。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“Covering the ins and outs of civil behavior for the past 20-plus years, I have learned that, fortunately, good intentions never go out of style. (在过去的20多年里，我了解到，幸运的是，良好的意愿永远不会过时)”可知，在文章中，作者结合自身的经历和经验，回答读者的问题，这是典型的报纸建议专栏，读者可以在这里就各种主题寻求指导。故选B。 C In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 38. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 39. What does Daru’s study focus on? A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 40. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 41. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. 【答案】38. B 39. C 40. C 41. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. (今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段“This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。故选C。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。 【点睛】 D Visit any antiques store and you’ll encounter artifacts from the past: photographs, letters, a brochure detailing the delicate dinosaur exhibit from the 1964 — 1965 World’s Fair, the ephemera (短暂现象) of history. Yet these objects aren’t truly ephemeral, because they’re still here, decades, even centuries later. Why? Because they’re tangible. Have you pondered the life cycle of intangible formats, digital information, given that those who produce these artifacts seldom plan for their long-term preservation? For millennia, we’ve known what we’ve known due to artifacts that have survived, often despite their original creators’ neglect. The thing itself is the medium that delivers the information. At the time of creation, no attempts were made at intentional preservation, yet analogous materials (实体材料) have a chance of surviving and serving as the historical record that biographers, historians, and novelists rely on. Libraries and archives have traditionally shouldered the responsibility of organization, preservation, and access to information. Thus, librarians digitize the tangible so that researchers anywhere can quickly search and access their Holdings. The result is an embarrassment of historical riches, which brings to its own needle-and-haystack problems. Librarians’ selfless devotion can act against us when users point to universality of access by holding up a cellphone and saying, “It’s all in here” as evidence that libraries are less vital for researchers today. Yet how was that universality of access made possible and, perhaps more importantly, how is it maintained? Who curates what is preserved? When it comes to born-digital information, the terrifying answer can be: if not librarians and archivists, then no one. Digital information requires a great deal more care than analog. Even when a digital object is preserved, it may only be the carrier that’s saved, not the information itself. As technology advances and a format becomes obsolete, the object is useless. Have you ever stared helplessly at a ZIP disk, thinking: how do I get the files off this? Without constant migration of digital assets, a nightmare about the foreseeable future is what keeps historians up at night: a historical record that abruptly stops when digital replaces analog. As a librarian whose day job revolves around special collections and digital assets, I share the night terrors of historians, and I’d be lying if I said a comprehensive preservation solution currently exists. Yet researchers can take some comfort in the fact that there are a multitude of librarians devoted to discovering, organizing, and preserving digital information for researchers current and future. Librarians are uniquely positioned to understand how end users seek and use information. Thus, we play an indispensable role in identifying, preserving, and providing accessibility to digital artifacts so that, while future researchers may find the digital realm a challenging place to practice their profession, they won’t find it an impossible one. 42. The author mentions the artifacts from the past to _________. A. introduce the collection of antiques B. contrast them with everyday items C. bring up the issue of preservation D. comment on their historical value 43. Compared with digital objects, tangible artifacts _________. A. are less subject to their creators’ neglect B. convey information in a more direct way C. require more intentional preservation D. are less likely to suffer serious damage 44. According to Paragraph 3, librarians’ work may result in _________. A. oversupply of materials B. undervaluation of libraries C. researchers’ underperformance D. users’ overreliance on technology 45. Which of the following statements best summarizes the text? A. Hard work should be done to preserve artifacts. B. Keeping digital historical records is a challenge. C. Accessing databases is essential to researchers. D. Contributions of librarians should be recognized. 【答案】42. C 43. B 44. B 45. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了数字信息的长期保存面临独特挑战，而图书馆员和档案管理员在应对这些挑战、确保数字时代历史记录的延续性方面，扮演着不可或缺且无可替代的关键角色。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Have you pondered the life cycle of intangible formats, digital information, given that those who produce these artifacts seldom plan for their long-term preservation?(你是否思考过非物质形式（如数字信息）的生命周期呢？要知道，那些创造这些“产物”的人往往很少考虑对其进行长期保存的问题)”可知，作者提及过去的那些文物，是为了引出保存这一话题。故选C。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“For millennia, we’ve known what we’ve known due to artifacts that have survived, often despite their original creators’ neglect. The thing itself is the medium that delivers the information. At the time of creation, no attempts were made at intentional preservation, yet analogous materials (实体材料) have a chance of surviving and serving as the historical record that biographers, historians, and novelists rely on. Libraries and archives have traditionally shouldered the responsibility of organization, preservation, and access to information. Thus, librarians digitize the tangible so that researchers anywhere can quickly search and access their Holdings. The result is an embarrassment of historical riches, which brings to its own needle-and-haystack problems.(数千年以来，我们所知晓的一切都是由于那些留存下来的文物所致，尽管这些文物的原创作者往往并未加以妥善保存。事物本身才是传递信息的媒介。在创作之时，并未有人刻意进行保存工作，但类似的材料却有可能得以留存，并成为传记作家、历史学家和小说家所依赖的历史记录。图书馆和档案馆传统上承担着组织、保存和提供信息的职责。因此，图书馆员将有形的资料数字化，以便世界各地的研究人员能够快速搜索和获取其馆藏。其结果是出现了丰富的历史资源，但也带来了自身特有的难题，即如何在海量资料中找到所需的信息)”可知，与数字对象相比，有形的实物能够以更直接的方式传递信息。故选B。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Librarians’ selfless devotion can act against us when users point to universality of access by holding up a cellphone and saying, “It’s all in here” as evidence that libraries are less vital for researchers today. Yet how was that universality of access made possible and, perhaps more importantly, how is it maintained? Who curates what is preserved? When it comes to born-digital information, the terrifying answer can be: if not librarians and archivists, then no one. Digital information requires a great deal more care than analog.(图书馆员的无私奉献有时会对我们产生不利影响，比如当用户举起手机并宣称“这里应有尽有”以此作为图书馆对研究人员不再具有重要价值的证据时。然而，这种广泛的获取方式是如何实现的？或许更重要的是，它是如何得以维持的？谁负责挑选并保存所保留的内容？对于数字化生成的信息而言，令人恐惧的答案可能是：如果不是图书馆员和档案管理员，那就没有人了。数字信息需要比模拟信息更多的精心呵护)”可知，图书馆员的工作可能会导致对图书馆的重视程度降低。故选B。 【45题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Librarians are uniquely positioned to understand how end users seek and use information.(图书馆工作人员具有得天独厚的优势，能够深入了解用户如何寻求和使用信息)”和全文内容可知，文章讲述了数字信息的长期保存面临独特挑战，而图书馆员和档案管理员在应对这些挑战、确保数字时代历史记录的延续性方面，扮演着不可或缺且无可替代的关键角色。由此可知，“图书馆员的贡献应当得到认可”最能概括这篇文章的内容。故选D。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Sometimes in our lives, we face this problem: both loved ones and strangers can annoy us. At home, we’ve had to put up with children screaming during online meetings and family members being on the computer all the time. ____46____ Kindness seems like a distant memory. The ability to live peacefully with annoying housemates or neighbors seems more difficult than ever. ____47____ If we treat kindness as a skill and make it a daily practice, it will come more easily over time. ____48____ Loving-Kindness Meditation (LKM), which traces its roots back to early Buddhism, helps us find compassion for one another even during trying times. This meditation asks us to send thoughts of loving-kindness to our loved ones, then to acquaintances (people you don’t know very well), and finally to difficult people. Over time, our unkind thoughts are replaced with more open, accepting ones. Anger is replaced with love, or at least kindness. Donald Altman, a psychotherapist from Portland, Oregon, says LKM helps us recognize that we are all vulnerable and have been hurt. ____49____ So how do we practice it? To begin with, Altman suggests finding a quiet place to sit. He says to then imagine a favorite family member or friend sending you the words: “May you be well, happy, and at peace.” After a few minutes, direct the words at yourself: “May I be well, happy, and at peace.” ____50____ Replace the “I” with the name of a teacher or coach, then a family member or friend, then an acquaintance, and finally an unfriendly person in your life. End the meditation by spreading the blessings to all living beings. Indeed, we should find our own way to practice LKM-but only if we are prepared to embrace its benefits and extend them to anyone who may need them. A. The good news is that it isn’t lost B. Luckily, we can look to ancient disciplines for guidance C. Then, extend the blessing to other people, in order of decreasing fondness. D. At work, we have had to take the pressure these demanding crate. E. For that reason, we could all benefit from love’s warm and comforting blessing F. You can combine the words with breathing, repeating a phrase of love for yourself G. Outside, we have encountered drivers speeding on busy roads and passengers talking loudly on the subway 【答案】46. G 47. A 48. B 49. E 50. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍应对他人烦扰的方法，提出将善意当作技能培养，借助慈心禅修练习关爱与包容，化解负面情绪。 【46题详解】 根据前文“Sometimes in our lives, we face this problem: both loved ones and strangers can annoy us. At home, we’ve had to put up with children screaming during online meetings and family members being on the computer all the time. (在生活中，我们有时会遇到这样的问题：亲人和陌生人都可能让我们心烦。在家里，我们不得不忍受孩子在线上会议时大喊大叫，以及家人一直占用电脑的情况。)”可知，此空应承接前文，列举外界陌生人带来的烦扰场景，G选项“Outside, we have encountered drivers speeding on busy roads and passengers talking loudly on the subway (在外面，我们会遇到司机在繁忙道路上超速行驶，还有乘客在地铁上大声喧哗)”中的“Outside”与前文“At home”形成对应，补充了陌生人造成的烦扰，符合语境。故选G项。 【47题详解】 根据前文“Kindness seems like a distant memory. The ability to live peacefully with annoying housemates or neighbors seems more difficult than ever. (善意仿佛成了遥远的回忆。与令人心烦的室友或邻居和平共处的能力，似乎比以往任何时候都更难具备。)”和后文“If we treat kindness as a skill and make it a daily practice, it will come more easily over time. (如果我们把善意当作一种技能，让它成为日常习惯，久而久之，善意就会变得触手可及。)”可知，此空应起到转折作用，说明善意并未消失，A选项“The good news is that it isn’t lost (好消息是，它并没有消失)”中的“it”指代前文的“Kindness”，“isn’t lost”承接后文培养善意的方法，符合语境。故选A项。 【48题详解】 根据后文“Loving-Kindness Meditation (LKM), which traces its roots back to early Buddhism, helps us find compassion for one another even during trying times. (慈心禅修起源于早期佛教，即便在艰难时刻，它也能帮助我们彼此心怀慈悲。)”可知，此空应引出这种古老的修行方法，B选项“Luckily, we can look to ancient disciplines for guidance (幸运的是，我们可以从古老的修行方法中寻求指引)”中的“ancient disciplines”指代后文的“Loving-Kindness Meditation”，引出下文对该方法的介绍，符合语境。故选B项。 【49题详解】 根据前文“Donald Altman, a psychotherapist from Portland, Oregon, says LKM helps us recognize that we are all vulnerable and have been hurt. (俄勒冈州波特兰市的心理治疗师唐纳德·奥尔特曼表示，慈心禅修能帮助我们意识到，每个人都很脆弱，都曾受过伤害。)”可知，此空应承接前文，说明正因如此，人们能从慈心禅修的善意中获益，E选项“For that reason, we could all benefit from love’s warm and comforting blessing (正因如此，我们都能从爱的温暖慰藉与祝福中获益)”中的“For that reason”指代前文提到的人们的共性，点明慈心禅修的益处，符合语境。故选E项。 【50题详解】 根据前文“He says to then imagine a favorite family member or friend sending you the words: “May you be well, happy, and at peace.” After a few minutes, direct the words at yourself: “May I be well, happy, and at peace.”(他建议，接下来想象一位自己喜爱的家人或朋友对你说：“愿你安康、快乐、内心平静。”几分钟后，再对自己说同样的话：“愿我安康、快乐、内心平静。”)”和后文“Replace the “I” with the name of a teacher or coach, then a family member or friend, then an acquaintance, and finally an unfriendly person in your life. (把“我”换成老师或教练的名字，接着是家人或朋友，然后是熟人，最后是生活中不友善的人。)”可知，此空应说明要将这份祝福延伸到其他人身上，C选项“Then, extend the blessing to other people, in order of decreasing fondness. (然后，按照好感度从高到低的顺序，把这份祝福延伸到其他人身上)”起到承上启下的作用，其中的“extend the blessing to other people”承接前文对自己的祝福，“in order of decreasing fondness”呼应后文的祝福对象顺序，符合语境。故选C项。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分） 阅读下面的短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Anna Du was walking along the beach at Castle Island in South Boston when she noticed plastic scattered (散落) across the shoreline. She bent down to pick some up but quickly realized there were far too many tiny pieces to handle. “When I saw how much plastic there was, it seemed impossible to clean it all up, ” recalls Du, who was in sixth grade at the time. Instead of giving up, Du tackled the problem like any good scientist—starting with research. That’s how she discovered that 8 million tons of plastic end up in the oceans every year. Inspired by her findings, Du decided to build a remote-operated vehicle (ROV) to detect microplastics on the ocean floor. Her ROV, made from PVC pipes, features two main systems: a navigation system and a detection system. The navigation system uses propellers and a combination of fishing weights and foam floats (lightweight materials that keep the device floating) to move up and down. The detection system, however, is the real innovation. It uses infrared cameras (红外相机) and light wavelengths to spot microplastics, making them stand out against sand and plants. Actually, the device doesn’t collect microplastics, but it identifies where they accumulate. Du has even applied for a patent on the Rov’s key components. Faced with the challenge of locating ocean microplastics—unlike the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, these are not floating on the surface—she knew an ROV would be the most efficient tool. Taking water samples and analyzing them in a lab could never be done on the scale needed. Instead, she needed a mobile lab to detect plastics in-situ (在现场) . Her ROV impressed many experts with its clever design. “She has an impressive engineering instinct, ” says Casey Mach Ado, an engineer at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. “Her ability to break down problems and create solutions is remarkable. ” “I want to be an engineer because I love building things to help solve global problems, ” says Du. “But I’m not sure yet what kind of engineer I want to be. ” At her age, she has plenty of time to figure that out. 51. What did Anna Du notice when she was walking along the beach? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 52. How does the detection system of ROV work? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 53. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Faced with the challenge of locating ocean microplastics, Anna Du thought it necessary to take water samples and analyze them in a lab. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 54. Among Anna Du’s qualities, which one (s) do you think will be important for us? Why? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】51. Plastic scattered across the shoreline. 52.  It uses infrared cameras and light wavelengths to spot microplastics, making them stand out against sand and plants. 53. False part： take water samples and analyze them in a lab 54. Her problem-solving ability is crucial. When facing plastic pollution, she researched and built an innovative ROV instead of giving up. This shows how critical thinking and persistence help tackle real-world problems.  【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了六年级学生Anna Du在波士顿南部城堡岛海滩发现塑料垃圾污染问题后，通过研究，设计并制造了一款用于探测海底微塑料的遥控潜水器，其创新设计获得专家认可，展现了她解决全球问题的决心和出色的工程天赋。 【51题详解】 根据第一段“Anna Du was walking along the beach at Castle Island in South Boston when she noticed plastic scattered (散落) across the shoreline.(Anna Du 在波士顿南部的城堡岛海滩散步时，注意到塑料散落满整个海岸线。)”可知，Anna Du在海滩散步时注意到的是散落满海岸线的塑料。故答案为：Plastic scattered across the shoreline. 【52题详解】 根据第二段“The detection system, however, is the real innovation. It uses infrared cameras (红外相机) and light wavelengths to spot microplastics, making them stand out against sand and plants.（然而，探测系统才是真正的创新之处。它利用红外相机和光的波长来识别微塑料，使微塑料在沙子和植物中凸显出来。）”可知，ROV 探测系统的工作原理是利用红外相机和光的波长识别微塑料，使其在沙子和植物中凸显。故答案为：It uses infrared cameras and light wavelengths to spot microplastics, making them stand out against sand and plants. 【53题详解】 根据第三段“Taking water samples and analyzing them in a lab could never be done on the scale needed. Instead, she needed a mobile lab to detect plastics in-situ (在现场).(采集水样并在实验室进行分析，永远无法达到所需的规模。相反，她需要一个移动实验室来现场探测塑料。)”可知，Anna Du 认为“采集水样并在实验室分析”无法满足需求，并非“认为有必要”，因此该表述中错误部分为take water samples and analyze them in a lab。故答案为：False part： take water samples and analyze them in a lab 【54题详解】 根据第一段 “Instead of giving up, Du tackled the problem like any good scientist — starting with research.(Du没有放弃，而是像一位优秀的科学家一样着手解决问题——从研究开始。)”和第四段“Her ability to break down problems and create solutions is remarkable.(她分解问题并创造解决方案的能力非常出色。)”可知，Anna Du的“不放弃、善于研究、分解问题并创造解决方案” 等品质很重要。即：她的解决问题的能力至关重要。面对塑料污染，她研究并建造了一种创新的ROV，而不是放弃。这表明批判性思维和毅力如何帮助解决现实世界的问题。故答案为Her problem-solving ability is crucial. When facing plastic pollution, she researched and built an innovative ROV instead of giving up. This shows how critical thinking and persistence help tackle real-world problems. 第二节（20分） 55. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，你校于2025年世界地球日（4月22日）举办了以“Our Power, Our Planet”为主题的活动。你的笔友Jim发来邮件询问活动情况，请你用英文回复，内容包括： 1. 活动内容； 2. 你的感受。 注意：词数100左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Dear Jim, I’m glad you asked about our school’s activities for World Earth Day 2025, whose theme is “Our Power, Our Planet”. We had a series of meaningful events. In the morning, we held a lecture by an environmental expert, who talked about how small actions like saving water can protect the planet. In the afternoon, our class joined a campus clean-up, picking up litter and planting saplings. Some students also made posters to call on everyone to reduce plastic use. These activities made me realize each of us has the power to help the Earth. I’ll keep doing my part and hope more people join! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以红星中学高二学生李华的身份给笔友Jim回复邮件，介绍学校2025年世界地球日（4月22日）以“our power, our planet”为主题的活动情况，需包含活动内容和个人感受。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：glad→ pleased/delighted 有意义的：meaningful → significant 呼吁：call on → appeal to 减少：reduce→ decrease 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Some students also made posters to call on everyone to reduce plastic use. 拓展句：Some students also made posters so that they could call on everyone to reduce plastic use. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m glad you asked about our school’s activities for World Earth Day 2025, whose theme is “Our Power, Our Planet”.（运用了whose引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】In the afternoon, our class joined a campus clean-up, picking up litter and planting saplings.（运用了现在分词短语作状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $