2026年中考英语语法复习之介词及介词短语专题复习

2026-01-15
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摘要:

该初中英语讲义聚焦中考介词及介词短语专题,系统覆盖时间、地点方位、方式手段等核心考点,通过表格对比、用法示例梳理in/on/at等易混介词的区别,设计考点分析、方法指导、真题训练等环节,帮助学生构建知识网络,突破备考难点。 亮点在于“对比辨析+真题导向”的教学策略,如通过时间介词in/on/at的用法对比表培养思维品质,结合中考常见介词短语示例提升语言能力。特设“用法归纳+短语积累”模块,配合即时应用训练,确保学生在有限时间内高效掌握考点,教师可据此精准把控复习节奏,助力学生提升应考能力。

内容正文:

初中英语介词及介词短语专题复习 考点一:表示时间的介词 1. in,on与at 介词 用法 示例 in 常与年、月、季节、泛指的“早上、下午、晚上”及一段时间连用 in 2025(在2025年);in March(在三月);in spring(在春天);in the morning(在早上);in two weeks(两周后) on 常与具体日期、节日、星期几、具体的“早上、下午、晚上”等连用 on October 1st(在10月1日);on Christmas Day(在圣诞节);on Monday(在周一);on a rainy afternoon(在一个下雨的下午) at 常与具体时刻、年龄或一天中的某段时间连用 at 7:30(在7点30分);at the age of 12(在12岁时);at noon(在中午);at night(在夜晚) 2. after与in 介词 意义及用法 示例 after after+时间点,表示“在……(时刻)之后”,常与将来时连用;after+时间段,表示“在……之后”,常与过去时连用 After 3 o’clock,we will go to the park.(3点后,我们要去公园。);After an hour I went home.(一个小时后我回家了。) in in+时间段,“多久以后”,常与将来时连用,用how soon提问 I’ll go home in an hour.(我一小时后回家。);—How soon will you finish the work?(你多久能完成工作?)—In three days.(三天后。) 3. for与since 介词 意义及用法 示例 for for+时间段,表示“(动作持续)多久”,句子常用现在完成时、过去完成时或一般过去时 I have studied English for 10 years.(我学英语已经十年了。);He worked in the company for 5 years.(他在这家公司工作了5年。) since 表示“自从(过去某时)以来”,常见用法:since+过去的时间点;since+时间段+ago I have studied English since 2015.(我从2015年就开始学英语了。);I have studied English since 10 years ago.(我从十年前就开始学英语了。) 考点二:表示地点和方位的介词 1. at与in 介词 用法 示例 at at+小地点(车站、电影院、商店等) at the bus station(在汽车站);at the cinema(在电影院);at the shop(在商店) in in+大地点(洲名、国家名、城市名等) in Asia(在亚洲);in China(在中国);in Beijing(在北京) 2. in,on与to 介词 用法 示例 in 表示“在……里”(某一范围内部) Shanghai is in the east of China.(上海在中国的东部。);There is a book in the desk.(书桌里有一本书。) on 表示两个不同的个体相邻或接壤,意为“毗邻;接壤” Jiangsu is on the north of Zhejiang.(江苏在浙江的北面,两省接壤。);The house is on the river.(房子紧邻河边。) to 表示两个个体之间有一定距离(不接壤) Japan is to the east of China.(日本在中国的东面,两国不接壤。);The park is to the west of the school.(公园在学校的西面,有一定距离。) 3.重要区别说明 (1)in the tree与on the tree:in the tree表示人或其他物体“在树上”(非生长在树上),例:A bird is singing in the tree.(一只鸟在树上唱歌。);on the tree表示枝、叶、果实等“长在树上”,例:There are many apples on the tree.(树上结了很多苹果。) (2)in the wall与on the wall:in the wall表示门、窗等“嵌在墙上”(墙体内部),例:There is a window in the wall.(墙上有一扇窗户。);on the wall表示东西粘贴或“挂在墙上”(墙体表面),例:There is a map on the wall.(墙上挂着一幅地图。) 考点三:表示方式、手段或工具的介词 1. by,in与on表示交通方式 介词 用法 示例 by by+交通工具(原形,不加限定词) by bus(乘公共汽车);by bike(骑自行车);by plane(乘飞机) in in+限定词(a/an、the、形容词性物主代词等)+小型交通工具 in a car(乘小汽车);in my father’s car(坐我爸爸的车) on on+限定词+大型交通工具(自行车除外) on the train(乘火车);on a bus(乘公共汽车);on my bike(骑我的自行车) 2. by,in,on与with表示手段或工具 介词 意义及用法 示例 by by+动名词,表示“通过……方式;以……方式、方法、手段” We improve English by reading aloud.(我们通过大声朗读提高英语。);He makes a living by writing.(他靠写作谋生。) in 表示“用……方式、语言、颜色”等,语言、材料前不加冠词 speak in English(用英语说);write in ink(用墨水写);draw in red(用红色画) on 表示“通过;使用;借助于”,后跟电子通讯设备 talk on the phone(打电话);watch news on TV(看电视新闻);chat on WeChat(在微信上聊天) with 表示“用;使用;以;借”,后常接具体的工具或身体的某个部位 Cut it with a knife.(用刀把它切开。);write with a pen(用钢笔写);see with eyes(用眼睛看) 考点四:其他常见介词 介词 意义 示例 about 关于;对于 a book about flowers(一本关于花的书);talk about music(谈论音乐) across 从一边到另一边;横过;在……各处;遍及 go across the street(过马路);across the country(遍及全国) after 在……后;反复不断或一个接一个 after lunch(午饭后);run after him(追他);day after day(日复一日) against 反对;与……相反;紧靠;倚;撞 fight against pollution(对抗污染);play against our team(和我们队比赛);The rain beat against the windows.(雨点敲打着窗户。) around 围绕;环绕;到处;向各处 look around the city(游览这座城市);around the world(全世界) as 像;如同;作为;当作 be dressed as clowns(打扮成小丑);regard him as a friend(把他当作朋友);treat her as a child(把她当成孩子对待) before 在……以前(表时间);(次序或排列)在前面 before lunch(午饭前);Your name is before mine on the list.(名单上你的名字在我前面。) behind 在……的后面;落后于 behind the door(门后面);fall behind others(落后于别人) by 【讲解见本书第17课时 P100 的考点1】 during 在……期间 during the 1990s(在20世纪90年代);during the holiday(在假期期间) for 为了;给;对;支持;拥护;因为;由于;对……来说 fight for freedom(为自由而战);be for the plan(支持这个计划);be famous for its scenery(因风景而闻名);It’s important for us to learn English.(学英语对我们来说很重要。) from 来自,源于;由……(制成);从……开始;到;与……(不同);(表示两地距离)离;(表示位置或观点)从 be/come from China(来自中国);be made from wood(由木头制成,看不出原材料);from Monday to Friday(从周一到周五);be different from his brother(和他哥哥不同);10 meters from here(离这儿10米远);see the sea from the window(从窗户看到大海) like 像……一样;例如;比方 He ran like the wind.(他跑得像风一样快。);Tom does many sports,like running and swimming.(汤姆做很多运动,比如跑步和游泳。) off 从……落下;离开;下班;休息 fall off the bike(从自行车上摔下来);get off the bus(下公共汽车);have three days off school(学校放假三天) over 到另一边;翻越;多于;遍及 climb over the wall(翻墙);over a month(一个多月);all over the world(全世界) past (时间)过;(年龄)超过;经过 half past two(两点半);walk past the shop(经过商店);over 60 years old(60多岁) through 穿过;贯穿;自始至终;从头到尾;以;凭借 go through the forest(穿过森林);sit through a concert(听完一场音乐会);succeed through hard work(通过努力工作取得成功) until(till) 到……时;直到……为止 wait until 9 o’clock(等到9点);He didn’t leave until she came back.(直到她回来,他才离开。) with 和;同;带有;具有;用;使用;关于;对于 talk with sb.(和某人聊天);a girl with red hair(一个红头发的女孩);Cut it with a knife.(用刀把它切开。);be angry with him(对他生气);be pleased with the result(对结果满意) without 没有;不 without difficulty(毫无困难地);go out without an umbrella(没带伞出去) 考点五:介词短语 中考英语真题中常见的介词短语如下: 1. 介词+名词 介词 短语 示例 at at birth(出生时);at noon(在中午);at present(目前);at school(在学校);at times(有时,间或) A baby can cry at birth.(婴儿出生时就会哭。);I usually have lunch at noon.(我通常中午吃午饭。);At present,we are busy with study.(目前,我们忙于学习。) by by accident(偶然);by bike(骑自行车);by hand(手工);by mistake(错误地,无意中);by the way(顺便说一下) I met an old friend by accident on the street.(我在街上偶然遇到了一位老朋友。);This toy is made by hand.(这个玩具是手工制作的。);By the way,have you seen my pen?(顺便问一下,你看到我的钢笔了吗?) in in a hurry(匆忙地);in a word(简言之,总之);in danger(处于危险之中);in English(用英语);in fact(事实上,实际上);in half(分成两半);in need(处于困境中,需要帮助);in peace(和平地);in person(亲身,亲自);in public(公开地,在别人(尤指生人)面前);in silence(沉默,无声);in surprise(惊讶地);in trouble(有麻烦,处于困境) He left in a hurry this morning.(他今天早上匆忙离开了。);In a word,we should study hard.(总之,我们应该努力学习。);The animal is in danger.(这种动物处于濒危状态。);Please answer the question in English.(请用英语回答这个问题。) on on business(出差);on duty(值日,值班);on foot(步行);on sale(出售);on show(展出);on time(准时,按时);on (a) vacation(度假) He went to Shanghai on business yesterday.(他昨天去上海出差了。);I’m on duty today.(今天我值日。);I go to school on foot every day.(我每天步行去上学。);These clothes are on sale.(这些衣服正在打折出售。) 其他 as a result(因此);for example(例如);to one’s surprise(使……惊讶的,出乎……意料);without doubt(毫无疑问,的确) He studied hard,as a result,he passed the exam.(他努力学习,因此通过了考试。);For example,you can read more books to improve English.(例如,你可以多读书来提高英语。);To my surprise,he won the game.(令我惊讶的是,他赢得了比赛。) 2. 介词+名词+介词 介词 短语 示例 at at the age of(在……岁时);at the beginning of(在……的开始);at the bottom of(在……底部);at the end of(在……的尽头/末尾);at the top of(在……顶端) He started to learn piano at the age of 5.(他5岁时开始学钢琴。);At the beginning of the term,we made a study plan.(学期开始时,我们制定了学习计划。);There is a ball at the bottom of the box.(盒子底部有一个球。) by by the end of(在(某时间点)以前) We must finish the work by the end of this month.(我们必须在这个月底前完成工作。) in in order to(为了);in the face of(面对(问题、困难等));in the front of(在……前面(内部)) He studies hard in order to enter a good high school.(他努力学习是为了考上一所好高中。);We should be brave in the face of difficulties.(面对困难我们应该勇敢。);There is a teacher’s desk in the front of the classroom.(教室前面有一张讲台。) with with the help of(在……的帮助下) With the help of my teacher,I made great progress.(在老师的帮助下,我取得了很大的进步。) 3. be+形容词/过去分词+介词 介词 短语 示例 about/at be excited about(对……感到兴奋);be good at…(擅长于……);be sure about(确信;对……有把握);be worried about(担心);be surprised at(对……感到惊讶) She is excited about the coming trip.(她对即将到来的旅行感到兴奋。);He is good at playing basketball.(他擅长打篮球。);I’m sure about the answer.(我对答案很有把握。);His mother is worried about his safety.(他妈妈担心他的安全。);I’m surprised at his decision.(我对他的决定感到惊讶。) for be bad/good for(对……有害处/好处);be famous for(因……而著名);be ready for(为……做准备);be thirsty for(渴望;渴求) Smoking is bad for health.(吸烟有害健康。);This place is famous for its tea.(这个地方因茶叶而闻名。);Are you ready for the exam?(你准备好考试了吗?);He is thirsty for knowledge.(他渴望知识。) from be absent from(缺席);be different from(与……不同) He was absent from school yesterday because of illness.(他昨天因病缺课了。);This book is different from that one.(这本书和那本书不一样。) in be interested in(对……感兴趣);be talented in(在……方面有天赋);be similar in(在……方面相似) She is interested in painting.(她对绘画感兴趣。);He is talented in music.(他在音乐方面有天赋。);The two brothers are similar in appearance.(这两兄弟外貌相似。) of be afraid of(害怕);be fond of(喜欢);be full of(充满);be made of(由……制成的,能看出原材料);be proud of(为……骄傲,感到自豪) She is afraid of dogs.(她害怕狗。);I’m fond of reading.(我喜欢读书。);The bottle is full of water.(瓶子里装满了水。);The table is made of wood.(这张桌子是木头做的。);We are proud of our country.(我们为我们的国家感到骄傲。) to be friendly to(对……友好);be harmful to(对……有害);be impolite to(对……不礼貌);be used to (doing) sth.(习惯于(做)某事);be thankful to…(对……心存感激) She is friendly to everyone.(她对每个人都很友好。);Noise is harmful to our ears.(噪音对我们的耳朵有害。);It’s impolite to talk loudly in public.(在公共场合大声说话是不礼貌的。);He is used to getting up early.(他习惯于早起。);We are thankful to our parents.(我们感激我们的父母。) with be angry with(对……生气);be born with(天生具有);be busy with(忙于);be covered with(被……覆盖);be filled with(充满);be patient with(对……有耐心);be popular with(受……欢迎);be strict with sb.(对某人要求严格) His mother is angry with him for being late.(他妈妈因为他迟到而生气。);Some people are born with musical talent.(有些人天生具有音乐天赋。);She is busy with her work.(她忙于工作。);The ground is covered with snow in winter.(冬天地面被雪覆盖。);The room is filled with sunshine.(房间里充满了阳光。);Teachers should be patient with students.(老师应该对学生有耐心。);This singer is popular with young people.(这位歌手受年轻人欢迎。);My father is strict with me.(我爸爸对我要求严格。) 第 1 页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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2026年中考英语语法复习之介词及介词短语专题复习
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2026年中考英语语法复习之介词及介词短语专题复习
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2026年中考英语语法复习之介词及介词短语专题复习
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