Unit 5 Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking -【重难点手册】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册（人教版）

重难点手册高中英语必修第二册RJ Section II Discovering Useful Structures 语言要点精讲 要点gradual adj.逐渐的；渐进的 教材语境>Though he was affected by gradual blindness soon after the performance,Henry was still capable of writing compositions and he found that creating music was a relief and cure for his illness. 尽管演出之后不久亨利就逐渐受到失明的影响，但他仍然能作 曲，而且他发现创作音乐能减轻并治疗他的疾病。 The gradual disappearance of Arctic ice serves as a warning of climate change.北极冰层的逐渐消失是气候变化的警示。 There's been a gradual shift from cash to mobile payments in recent years..近年来出现了从现金到移动支付的渐进式转变。 拓展gradually adv..逐渐地 People are gradually realizing the importance of protecting endangered species.人们逐渐意识到保护濒危物种的重要性。 With regular exercise,my physical fitness gradually improved. 通过定期锻炼，我的体质逐渐增强。 要点2 capable adj.有能力的；有才能的 搭配be capable of(doing)sth.有能力做某事 Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷七选五) 志愿服务让你觉得自己很有能力，并激励你充分利用每一天。 I believe our club is capable of organizing more meaningful activities 我相信我们社团有能力组织更有意义的活动。 capability n.能力；才能 拓展 incapable adj..没有能力的；不能克制自己的 Continuous learning enhances our capability to adapt to future challenges. 持续学习能提高我们适应未来挑战的能力。 140 Listening and Talking 对点例析 单句语法填空 例1-1(2024·12月河南新高 中创新联盟TOP二十名校调考 读后续写·改编)Luckily,she found her grandmother was being watched closely in the ICU and was (gradual)recovering. 例1-2(2023·全国甲卷七选 五·改编)You'll then (gradual)become more patient. 【答案与解析】 1-1 gradually句意：幸运的 是，她发现奶奶在重症监护室被 密切照看着，也在逐渐康复。 1-2 gradually句意：然后你 会逐渐变得更有耐心。 完成句子 例2-1(2025·北京高考七选 五·改编)Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while (能够)identifying and managing your emotions and actions. 2-2 With persistent practice, every student (能够掌握)a second language. 【答案与解析】 2-1 being capable of句意： 成为一个成年人，就是要有一个 根深蒂固的自我意识，同时能够 识别和管理自己的情绪和行为。 2-2 is capable of mastering 句意：通过持续练习，每个学生 都能够掌握第二语言。 要点3 relief n.(焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除；（不快过后的） 宽慰、轻松或解脱 It's a relief to do…做…感到很解脱 in/with relief如释重负；松了口气 用法 breathe a sigh of relief松了一口气 to one's relief令某人欣慰的是 What a relief!终于放心了！ He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief.(2024. 高考全国I卷阅读理解B) 他尝试了放松肌肉的药物，但几乎没有缓解。 It's such a relief to know the medical report shows no serious problems.得知体检报告没有严重问题真是令人宽慰。 Hearing that he had passed the exam,he sighed in/with relief. 听到自己通过了考试，他松了口气。 Still,most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. 但当赛季结束时，我们大多数志愿者松了一口气。 To my great relief,I found all the children safe and sound after the earthquake. 令我非常欣慰的是，我发现所有的孩子在地震后都安然无恙。 要点4cure (1).药物；治疗；（解决问题、改善糟糕情况的）措施 搭配a cure for治疗…的方法/药物 Scientists are working hard to find a cure for Alzheimer's disease.科学家正努力寻找阿尔茨海默病的治疗方法。 (2)ut.治愈；治好（疾病）；解决（问题） cure十疾病治愈某种疾病 cure+人治愈某人的病 搭配 cure+事物解决某个问题 cure sb.of sth..治愈某人的…病；纠正某人的…问题 As the proverb goes,"Time cures all men of their heartbreaks. 正如谚语所说：“时间能治愈所有人的心碎。” UNIT5 MUSIC 单句语法填空 例3-1(2025·新高考全国I 卷读后续写·改编) my relief,he called back the next day,and we agreed to get together soon. 完成句子 例3-2(2025·1月浙江高考 读后续写·改编)The man froze for a second,but when he saw the skinny boy he breathed (松了一口气). 例3-3 He nodded (如释重负地)after confirming his name was on the list. 【答案与解析】 31T0句意：让我宽慰的 是，第二天他回了电话，我们同 意尽快见面。 3-2 a sigh of relief句意：男 人一时僵住了，但当他看到瘦弱 的男孩时，他松了一口气。 3-3in/with relief句意：确认 名单上有自己的名字后，他如释 重负地，点点头。 单句语法填空 例4-1 The best cure boredom is hard work. UNIT 4-2 80%of the patients can be cured the disease. 例4-3 Traveling alone cured me my dependence on others. 4-4 It was considerate of Michael to inform us his delay in case we got worried. 141 重难点手册高中英语必修第二册RJ。 归纳总结 “动词十sh.十ofsh.”结构的短语 accuse sb.of sth.指控某人某事 inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事 cheat sb.of sth.骗取某人的某物rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人的某物 warn sb.of sth.警告某人某事 convince sb.of sth.说服某人某事 deprive sb..of sth.夺去某人的某物 suspect sb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人（做过）某事 remind sb..of sth.使某人想起某事；提醒某人某事 要点5get/be absorbed in被…吸引住；专心致志 教材语境>When he got absorbed in his world of music,he felt as if he could "see"the beauty of the world around him,like he had in his previous life. 当他沉浸在音乐的世界里时，他觉得自己仿佛能“看到”周围世界 的美，就像他在之前生活里看到的那样。 The scientist was completely absorbed in his research,forgetting to eat for hours.科学家全神贯注于研究，连续几小时忘记进食。 拓展absorb u.吸收；吸引；理解；使…全神贯注 搭配absorb oneself in doing sth.全神贯注于做某事 Children's brains absorb new information readily,which is why early childhood is the golden period for language learning. (2024·1月浙江高考阅读理解D) 儿童大脑能欣然吸收新知识，这就是为什么幼年是语言学习的黄 金期。 The artist absorbed herself in painting,losing track of time. 艺术家全心投入绘画，忘记了时间流逝。 链接表示“全神贯注于/专心于”的短语还有： be buried/lost in put one's heart into bury oneself in focus/concentrate on focus/fix/concentrate one's mind/attention on 要点6 previous adj.先前的；以往的（只用在名词前） 搭配previous to…在…之前；先于…(to为介词) Developing the model,like previous scientific models,will be highly rewarding..(2024·北京高考阅读理解C) 开发这个模型，就像以前的科学模型一样，将是非常有益的。 142 【答案与解析】 4-1for句意：治疗无聊的最 好办法就是努力工作。 4-2of句意：80%得这种疾 病的病人都可以被治愈。 4-3of句意：独自旅行治好 了我依赖他人的问题。 4-4of句意：以防我们担心， 迈克尔通知我们他延误了，他考 虑得真是周到。 单句语法填空 例5-1(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ 卷阅读理解D·改编)Adults are portrayed(描绘)alone in many settings and poses- (absorb)in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. 5-2 Seeing her absorbed the novel,I decided not to disturb her. 5-3 Before exams,he would absorb in books for days without going out. 【答案与解析】 5-1 absorbed句意：在许多 场景和姿势中，成年人都被描绘 成独处的形象—或是沉浸于 书籍中，或是凝神沉思，或是沉 醉于须臾闲暇。 5-2in句意：见她沉浸于小 说中，我决定不去打扰。 5-3 himself句意：考试前，他 会把自己埋首于书中多日不 出门。 单句语法填空 例6-1(2025·新高考全国I 卷阅读理解D·改编)They didn't study other chemicals previous)found in water. Previous to the invention of the Internet,people relied on letters for long-distance communication. 在互联网发明之前，人们依赖书信进行远距离交流。 Previous to applying for the job,you need experience. 在申请这份工作之前，你需要有经验。 辨析 previous与former 指按时间和次序在某事物 previous the previous chapter上一章 “之前的” 指“从前的”，强调不是 the former prime minister former 现在 前首相 归纳 其他常见的“形容词十to”的短语： /senior to…比…年长的 junior to .. 比…年轻的 inferior to.比…差的 superior to.比…好的/高的 prior to.先于… 拓展 previously adv.先前；以前 要点7 impact n.巨大影响；强大作用；冲击力 教材语境>Well known as a successful band,the impact members show quite a few striking qualities.作为一个成功的乐队而闻 名，这些有影响力的成员展现了相当多的惊人品质。 have a(n)…impact on对…有…影响 搭配 have no impact on对…没有影响 The amount of sleep you get at night can have a significant impact on your ability to concentrate in class. 你晚上的睡眠时长会对你课堂上的专注力产生重大影响。 have an effect/influence on对…有影响 have no effect on对…没有影响 拓展 make a difference(to)(对…)有影响 make no difference(to)(对…)没有影响/没有区别 If we can raise awareness about it and encourage more people to take action,it will make a big difference.(2025·北京高考书面 表达)如果我们能提高人们的意识，鼓励更多的人采取行动，这将 产生巨大的影响。 UNIT5 MUSIC 例6-2 Previous modern weather forecasts,farmers relied on natural signs to predict rain. 例6-3 Previous to (submit)the report,he checked all the data carefully. 【答案与解析】 6-1 previously句意：他们没 有研究之前在水中发现的其他 化学物质。 6-2to句意：在现代天气预 报出现之前，农民依靠自然迹象 来预测降雨。 6-3 submitting句意：在提交 报告之前，他仔细核对了所有 数据。 微笔记 单句语法填空 例7-1(2025·1月浙江高 考阅读理解B·改编)It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative impact her. 例7-2(2023·全国甲卷书面 表达·改编)Confucius traveled throughout the country,leaving UNIT 5 profound impact on Chinese society. 【答案与解析】 7-1on句意：这让我怀疑，给 她关于零食的建议是否无意中 对她造成了负面影响。 7-2a句意：孔子走遍全国， 对中国社会产生了深远的影响。 微笔记 143 重难点手册高中英语必修第二册RJ 要点8aim (I)vt.&vi.力求达到；力争做到；瞄准 教材语境>Filled with team spirit,they act as a whole,.always aiming for glory. 他们作为一个整体，充满了团队精神，总是追求荣誉。 aim to do sth. 力争做某事 aim at doing sth. 搭配 aim at/for sth.瞄准；追求；以…为目标 aim at sb./sth。瞄准 Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home.(2023·全国甲卷阅读理解B) 三分之二的人力求提升自己在家时的舒适度。 Two thirds of people aim at improving their comfort while at home.(2023·全国甲卷阅读理解B) 三分之二的人希望提高在家时的舒适度。 The soldier aimed (the gun)at the target but didn't shoot. 士兵将枪瞄准目标，但没有开枪。 (2)wt.目的是；旨在 搭配be aimed at doing sth.旨在做某事 The new rules are aimed at reducing traffic accidents. 新规旨在减少交通事故。 (3)n.[C目标；目的 with the aim of(doing)sth.以…为目的；为了… 搭配 achieve one'saim达到某人的目标 take aim at瞄准… The school launched a new course with the aim of improving students'creativity..学校开设新课程，旨在提升学生的创造力。 The government has achieved its aim of reducing the unemployment rate by 5%this year. 政府今年已实现将失业率降低5%的目标。 拓展 aimless adj.无目标的 aimlessly adu.无目标地 要点9 set up安装好（设备或机器）；建立；设立；创建 教材语境)people to set up equipment安装设备的人 He set up the camera to record the experiment. 他安装好摄像机来记录实验过程。 BMF is an indoor garden system which can be set up for a family.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解C) BMF是一款适合家庭布置的室内花园系统。 144 单句语法填空 例8-1(2023·新高考全国I 卷阅读理解C·改编)The book aims advocating a simple digital lifestyle. 例8-2 The campaign (aim)at raising public awareness was successful. 完成句子 例8-3(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ 卷阅读理解B·改编)The program (力求)help students develop science skills, environmental awareness,and healthy lifestyles. 例8-4 (为 T)reducing plastic waste,the supermarket stopped providing free bags. 【答案与解析】 8-1at句意：这本书旨在倡 导一种简单的数字生活方式。 8-2 aimed句意：这个旨在提 高公众认识的运动是成功的。 8-3 aims to句意：该项目旨 在帮助学生培养科学技能、环境 意识和健康的生活方式。 8-4 With the aim of句意：为 了减少塑料污染，该超市停止提 供免费塑料袋。 选词填空：set up/set aside/set out/set down 例9-1(2024·1月浙江高考读 后续写·改编)No sooner had she returned to the confusing maze than she to explore the first floor. 例9-2(2023·全国乙卷阅读 理解B·改编)Once we found The government set up a new hospital to improve healthcare. 政府建立了一家新医院以改善医疗条件。 联想set的相关短语： 'set about doing sth.开始/着手做某事 set out to do sth.开始/着手做某事 set aside把…放到一旁；留出（钱或时间） set off动身；出发；使爆炸 set out(for)出发（去）；动身（去） set down记下；写下；放下；制定；规定 This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解D)这就是为什 么坎贝尔现在开始提高人们对人工智能及其未来的认识。 The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest..(2023·1月浙江高考完形填空) 当我开始进入哈伦纳森林时，太阳已经开始下山了。 要点10 equipment n.[U门设备；装备 camping/laboratory/sports/medical equipment 词块 露营/实验/体育医疗设备 a piece of equipment一件设备 We provide full furnishings,like donated kitchen equipment and furniture items,for the new homes of people who were once homeless. 我们为那些曾经无家可归的人的新家提供全套家具，如捐赠的 厨房用具和家具用品。 提醒 equipment是不可数名词，没有复数形式，表示“一件设备”要 用a piece of equipment。常考的不可数名词还有news、information、 advice、luggage、furniture、word(消息)等。 拓展equip vt.装备；配备；使能够胜任 equip…with…给…配备… 搭配 be equipped with装备着…；具备. equip sb.for sth..使某人胜任某事 Our apartment is equipped with smart home devices controlled by voice.我们的公寓配备了声控智能家居设备。 This course equips learners for the challenges of the digital age. 这门课程让学习者能够应对数字时代的挑战。 UNIT 5 MUSIC the place,it was stressful getting lights and cameras in the limited time. 例9-3Let's our differences and work together. 例94He his thoughts in a diary every night. 【答案与解析】 9-1 set out句意：她刚回到 这个令人困惑的迷宫，就出发去 探索一楼了。 9-2 set up句意：我们一找到 这个地方，在有限的时间内安装 灯光和摄像机就很有压力了。 9-3 set aside句意：让我们搁 置分歧，一起合作。 9-4 sets down句意：他每晚 都把自己的想法写进日记。 完成句子 例10-1(2024·1月浙江高考 读后续写·改编)She came to a gym,which (配备)various workout facilities.. 单句语法填空 10-2 The smart classroom, (equip)with interactive whiteboards,has greatly improved teaching efficiency. 例10-3 All the camping (equip)was checked before UNIT departure. 【答案与解析】 10-1 was equipped with句意： 她来到一个健身房，那里配备了 各种健身设施。 10-2 equipped句意：配备交 互式电子白板的智能教室，大大 提高了教学效率。 l0-3 equipment句意：出发 前，检查了所有露营装备。 145 重难点手册高中英语必修第二册RJ 要点11yout参加…选拔（或试演）；试验；试用；测试 教材语境>Who can try out as a performer? 谁能参加演员的选拔？ Joan tried out for the school basketball team but didn't make it. 琼参加了校篮球队的选拔，但未能入选 The scientists decided to try out the new drug on mice first. 科学家们决定先在老鼠身上试验这种新药。 链接try的相关短语： try on试穿；试戴 try for试图获得；力争赢得 try one's best竭尽所能 have a try试一试 要点12 talent n.天才；天资；天赋 教材语境>What can those who think they do not have musical talent do？?那些认为自己没有音乐天赋的人能做什么呢？ 搭配have a talent for有…的天赋 You may even learn that your kid has a talent for something that you didn't know about before..(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷七选五) 你甚至可能发现你的孩子在某些你以前并不知道的方面有天赋。 'talented adj.有天资的；有才能的（同gifted) be talented in在…方面有才能 拓展 have a gift for在…方面有天赋 be gifted in在…方面有才能 Many talented young athletes took part in the sports meet. 许多有才华的年轻运动员参加了运动会。 要点13 assume vt.以为；假设 教材语境>So can I assume that the aim of the festival is to raise money?所以我能认为这个节日的目的是筹集资金吗？ assume(that).认为…；臆断. 用法 assume-十名词（十tobe)+名词/形容词认定…是… Itis(generally)assumed that…人们（普遍）认为… For a few months after the "library"opened,I didn't bother taking a look,as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheese love stories..(2024·1月淅江高考阅读理解B) 在“图书馆”开放后的几个月里，我都没有去看一眼，因为我以为 里面肯定塞满了言情小说。 146 单句写作 例11（经典·北京高考完形 填空·改编)在我加入体育队 后，所有这一切都改变了。变化 开始于老师建议我参加篮球队 的选拔。 All this changed after I joined a sports team.It began when a teacher suggested I the basketball team. 【答案】 11 (should)try out for 单句语法填空 例12-1(2024·1月浙江高考 阅读理解B·改编)To attract (talent)actors,I lit some candles to create a professional atmosphere. 例i2-2 Having a talent communication is particularly valuable in today's globalized workplace. 12-3 Students talented science and technology should receive special guidance. 【答案与解析】 12-1 talented 句意：为了吸 引优秀的演员，我点了一些蜡烛 营造出专业的氛围。 12-2for句意：在当今全球 化的工作环境中，拥有沟通才能 是特别有用的。 12-3in句意：在科学技术方面 有天赋的学生应该得到特殊指导。 单句语法填空 例13-1(2025·1月浙江高考 阅读理解D·改编)It (assume)that genderless objects are unreliable. 例13-2(2024·1月浙江高考 完形填空·改编)It would have been easy to rely on my (assume)about this highway builder. 例13-3 assume) that you have prepared well, you should feel confident about However,it shouldn't be assumed that all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(2024·新高考全国I 卷阅读理解C) 然而，即使媒体包含相同的文字，也不应认为它们都是相同的。 assumption n.假定；假设 make an assumption作出假设 拓展 on the assumption that.在假定…的基础上 assuming conj.假如；假设…为真 assuming/supposing(that).假定. addition n.添加；加法；增加物 要点14 in addition(tosb./sth.)除…以外（还） 教材语境>Hlow else could you help in addition to what has already been mentioned?除了已经提到的（方式），你还能怎样帮忙呢？ in addition to是介词短语，意为“除了…以外（还）”，相当于as well as、.besides、apart from,后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 In addition to regular classes,our school offers various extracurricular activities. 除了常规课程，我们学校还提供多种课外活动。 拓展in addition意为“除此之外；另外”，在句中作状语，可用 于句首、句中或句末，用于句首或句中时，通常用逗号与句子的 其他部分隔开，相当于besides、.moreover、furthermore、what's more等。 In addition,you can also mention China's role in helping solving global issues.(2024·北京高考书面表达) 此外，你还可以提到中国在帮助解决全球问题方面的作用。 语法要点精讲 过去分词（短语）作状语 要点1用法 从句，其省略的 过去分词（短语）作状语，说明谓语的动作 主语保持一致 发生的背景或情况，在意义上相当于一个状语 可以表示时间、 UNIT5 MUSIC tomorrow's exam. 【答案与解析】 13-1 is assumed句意：人们 认为无性别属性的物件不可靠。 13-2 assumptions句意：我 很容易就相信我对这个高速公 路建设者的假设。 13-3 Assuming句意：假设 你已经准备充分，明天的考试你 应该有信心。 完成句子 例14-1(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ 卷阅读理解C·改编)」 (此外)，it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. 例14-2（2023·全国乙卷阅读 理解D·改编) (除了)the problem of miscom- prehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted. 【答案与解析】 14-1 In addition句意：此外， 它还可以服务于更大的受众，如 医院、餐厅或学校。 14-2 In addition to句意：除 了双方都存在误解这个问题外， 还有些胜利被有意或无意地曲 UNIT 解了。 主语（也称逻辑主语）与主句的 过去分词（短语）在句中作状语 条件、伴随或方式、让步、原因。 147 重难点手册高中英语必修第二册RJ 句法作用 例句 When asked why he was late, he went red. 表示时间 (When asked=When he was asked) 当问及他为什么迟到时，他脸红了。 Heated,water changes into steam. (Heated=When water is heated) 加热后，水会变成水蒸气。 United,we stand;divided,we fall. (United=If we are united) 团结，我们就能站立；分裂，我们必然倒下。 Compared with you,I still have a long 条 way to go. (Compared with you=If I am compared with you) 和你比起来，我还有很大差距。 Seriously injured,he had to be taken to hospital. (Seriously injured =Because he was seriously injured) 过 由于伤得严重，他不得不被送往医院。 去分词 表示原因 Deeply moved by the story,the children began to cry 短 (Deeply moved by the story=Because the children were deeply moved by the 作 story) 语 由于被故事深深地感动，孩子们开始哭 起来。 Beaten by the opposite team,we didn't lose heart and encouraged each other. (Beaten by the opposite team=Though we were beaten by the opposite team) 虽然被对方打败了，但我们并没有灰心， 而是相互鼓励。 步 Wounded,the brave soldier continued to fight. (Wounded=Though he was wounded)虽然受 伤了，（但）那个勇敢的战士依然继续作战。 She walked out of the house,followed by her little daughter. 表 (followed by her little daughter=and 伴 she was followed by her little daughter) 或 她走出了屋子，后面跟着她的小女儿。 He went away,disappointed. (disappointed=and he was disappointed) 他失望地走开了。 148 要点2注意事项 1.过去/现在分词（短语）作状语时，其前 面可以带有相应的连词，如when、though、 although、asif、as though、if、unless、until、once 等，表示原因、时间、让步、条件、方式。如果主 句和从句中的主语一致且从句含有be动词，常 把从句的主语和be动词一并省略，这样就构成 “连词十现在分词/过去分词”的形式。只要判 断出句子的主语和从句的谓语动词之间的关系 即可。如： The flowers will die unless (they are) watered every week. 除非每周浇水，否则这些花会死去。 You can't be too careful when (you are) doing your homework. 你做作业时越仔细越好。 Although (I was)engaged in the work,I managed to spare some time to accompany him. 尽管我忙于这项工作，我还是设法挤出了 一些时间来陪伴他。 If (I am)invited,I will attend the wedding of my friend. 如果受到邀请，我会参加我朋友的婚礼。 2.过去分词（短语）中的动词是表示被动、 完成意义的动词，句子的主语与作状语的过去 分词之间在逻辑上是被动的关系。 Asked why he was late,he cried. 当被问到为什么迟到时，他哭了。 3.过去分词（短语）作状语时，分词的逻辑 主语与句子的主语要一致。 (X)If caught,the police will punish the thief. (If caught,the thief will be punished by the police. 如果被抓，小偷会受到警方的处罚。 4.有些过去分词短语中的动词没有被动意 义，而是由一些含be动词的短语或系表结构转 换而来。这些过去分词已经形容词化，这时句 子的主语与作状语的过去分词之间在逻辑上并 没有被动的关系，作状语的过去分词表示人的 状态或动作的完成。能用于这种结构的常见短 语有be interested in、be well known as、be dressed in、be determined to do、be absorbed in、be fascinated by、be satisfied with、be worried about、. be pleased with、be surprised at、be moved by、be disappointed at、be devoted to、be addicted to等。 Disappointed at the examination results, the girl stood there without saying a word. 因为对考试结果很失望，小女孩站在那儿 一句话也不说。 Finally they arrived at the hotel,tired and hungry. 最后，他们到达了那家宾馆，又累又饿。 学法点拨 一般来说，不论是动词不定式作状语、ing分 词作状语，还是动词的过去分词作状语，其逻辑主 语必须是句子的主语。但是，有一些非谓语动词 短语已经游离出来，成为单独的短语，在句子中作 状语。如： Dexactly/honestly/frankly/generally speaking 准确地说/老实地说/坦率地说/一般来说 Exactly speaking,he got here at eight fourteen this morning. 准确地说，今天早晨他是八点十四分来到这里的。 Generally speaking,a snake won't attack a man unless it is bothered. 一般来说，蛇是不会攻击人的，除非你冒犯 了它。 ②judging from/by.从/根据…判断 Judging by his accent,he is from Shandong. 从他的口音来判断，他是山东人。 Judging from what he said,he is very honest. 从他所说的话来判断，他很诚实。 ③providing/provided.假如/如果. Providing he follows our advice,we can help him. 假如他按我们的建议去做，我们就能帮助他。 UNIT 5 MUSIC Provided he is free,he is sure to come. 如果他有空，他肯定会来。 ④considering.考虑到 Considering he was just a little boy,we didn't punish him. 考虑到他还只是一个小孩，我们就没有惩罚他。 Considering it was late,we didn't discuss the question. 考虑到时间不早了，我们就没有讨论这个问题。 ⑤thinking of…想到/考虑到 Thinking of the environment we live in,the waste can't be thrown away around directly. 考虑到我们生存的环境，废物不能直接到处 乱扔。 ⑥talking of.谈到/说到… Talking of math,he became excited. 谈到数学，他就兴奋起来了。 此外，还有短语：taking.into consideration把某 事考虑进去，calculating roughly粗略地计算， supposing…假定…，to tell you the truth实话告 诉你，to be frank坦白地说，to begin with首先，so to speak可以这么说，taken as a whole从整体上来 看，put frankly坦率地说，given that鉴于。 要点3 过去分词（短语）作状语与现 在分词（短语）作状语的比较 句法作用 例句 1.过去分词表示 (Having been)Separated from UNIT 完成与被动，主句 other continents for millions of years,Australia has many 的主语与其是被 plants and animals not found 动关系。如果一 个被动的动作发 anywhere else in the world. 由于与其他大洲分离了数百万 生在主句谓语动 年，澳大利亚有许多在世界上其 词之前，则用现在 分词的完成被动 他任何地方都找不到的植物和 动物。 式或过去分词。 2.现在分词表示 Seeing the picture,he couldn't 进行与主动，主句 help thinking of his good old days. 的主语与其是主 动关系 看到那张照片，他不禁想起了 往昔的美好时光。 149