Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking -【重难点手册】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册（人教版）

UNIT 4 HIS Section I Discovering Useful Structures L 语言要点精讲 要点1 charge (1)vt.充电；收费；控告；起诉；指责；冲锋 教材语境>Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square,where we could get our car battery charged.朱迪和我把车停在特拉法尔加广场附近的一个地下停 车场，在那里我们可以给汽车电池充电。 charge sb.some money for sth.因某事向某人收费 搭配 charge sb.with(doing).sth.控告/指责某人（做了）某事 How much do you charge for the repairs?你收多少修理费？ They were charged with disturbing the public order. 他们被指控扰乱社会治安。 The bull put its head down and charged at the man. 公牛低下头，向这个男人猛冲过来。 (2)n.[U]主管；费用 take charge of负责；掌管 in charge of主管；看管 in the charge of(=in one's charge)被…掌管；由… 搭配 负责 the charge for因…的收费 free of charge免费 The company was badly organized until she took charge of it. 在她掌管之前，这家公司一直管理得很差。 My uncle is in charge of the hospital.The hospital is in the charge of my uncle..我叔叔掌管（负责）这家医院。 What's the charge for car insurance?汽车的保险费用是多少？ You can play football in the stadium free of charge if you are a member..如果你们是会员的话，就可以在体育场内免费踢足球。 TORY AND TRADITIONS istening and Talking 对点例析 单句语法填空 例1-1(2025·1月浙江高考完 形填空·改编)Ribeiro charged €35 per person what is usually a three-course meal that can last up to three hours. 1-2 The police charged him stealing documents, but he insisted on his innocence. 1-3 Over half of Americans say the electric cars are expensive and it's not easy (charge)when the cars are out of power. 完成句子 例1-4(2025·新高考全国I 卷完形填空·改编)He was (负责)the exhibition featuring artworks. 例1-5 UNIT Elephants (毫不犹豫地往前冲)迁 their calves(幼崽)are in danger. 1-6 Dr.Chen was appointed (负责)the milu deer reintroduction program,a project critical to species recovery. 【答案与解析】 1-1for句意：里贝罗向每个 人收取35欧元以享用长达三小 时的三道菜正餐。 1-2 with charge sb.with (doing)sth.意为“指控某人（做 了)某事”。 1-3 to charge句意：超过半数 的美国人认为电动汽车价格昂 贵，并且当汽车没电时，充电不易。 1-4 in charge of 1-5 will charge forward without hesitation charge意为“冲锋； 进攻”。 1-6 to take charge of 111 重难点手册高中英语必修第二册RJ。 要点2 announce vt.宣布；通知；声称 教材语境>When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides,we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left. 当我们最终到达服务台想租借语音导览机时，却听到广播宣布所 有导览机都已租完。 announce sth.tosb.向某人宣布… 用法 It is announced that.据宣布… as is announced正如宣布的那样 The government announced the plan to build a new sports center to the media yesterday. 政府在昨天向媒体宣布了修建一座新的体育中心的计划。 It is announced that Professor Wang is coming to make a speech about his adventures at sea. 据宣布王教授要来做一个关于他在海上冒险的演讲。 announcement n.(重要或正式的)通告；公告；布告 拓展 make an announcement发表公告 The president made an unexpected announcement this morning. 今天上午总统发布了一则出人意料的公告。 要点3 amount (1)n.数量；数额；金额 教材语境>We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery. 我们发现自己对国家美术馆人口处的大量游客和噪音感到非常惊讶。 the amount of-十不可数名词…的数量 (作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式) a large/small amount of十不可数名词大量的/少量的… 搭配 (作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式) (arge/sall)amounts of+不可数名词 大量的/少量的… (作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式) A large amount of money was spent on the project. -Large amounts of money were spent on the project. 这项工程花费了大量金钱。 112 单句语法填空 2-1 The spokesman of the Foreign Ministry announced the news the reporters. 例2-2 is announced in today's newspaper,they have succeeded in solving many problems about the new technique. 例2-3(2024·北京高考完形 填空·改编)I was reading a book in the classroom when there was an (announce): "Today at 1:10 p.m.there will be auditions(面试)for a musical.” 完成句子 例2-4 At the end of their meeting, (据宣布)an agreement had been reached. 【答案与解析】 2-1to句意：外交部发言人 向记者宣布了这个消息。 2-2As 2-3 announcement句意：我 在教室看书时突然听到了一则 通告：“今天下午1点10分将举 行音乐剧选角面试。” 2-4 it was announced that 单句语法填空 例3-1(2025·新高考全国I 卷阅读理解A·改编)This energy transition is global,and amount of renewable energy the world will need is "a little bit mind-blowing". 例3-2(2024·3月天津高考单 项填空·改编)Coffee may cause sleep disturbance,especially when consumed in large (amount)or after 2 p.m. 【答案与解析】 3-1the句意：这场能源变革 是全球性的，全世界所需可再生 能源的数量可谓“有些惊人”。the amount of意为“.…的数量”。 UNIT4 HI (2)vi.总计；合计 搭配amount to共计；总计 His monthly earnings amount to about 3,000 dollars. 他的月收入总计约为3000美元。 要点4 approach (1)t.&n.接近；靠近（可以指距离，也可以指时间） 教材语境>It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.因为周围有很多人，所以很难接近那幅画。 A young Chinese man approached me on the train.I happily took the chance to practice my Chinese.(2024·1月浙江高考完 形填空) 火车上，一个年轻的中国小伙子向我走来，我高兴地抓住了这次 练汉语的机会。 (2)t.着手处理；对付 What's the best way of approaching this problem? 处理这个问题的最佳方式是什么？ (3).[C](待人接物或思考问题的)方法；方式；态度 搭配an approach to(doing)sth.(做)某事的方法/方式 InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to "low-impact" solar development..(2023·1月浙江高考阅读理解D) InSPIRE项目正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法。 (4)n.[C路径；道路；通道 All the approaches to the airport were cut off by the police. 通往机场的所有道路都被警察切断了。 辨析 approach、way、means与method approach the approach to(doing)sth.(做)某事的方法 in this way用这种方法 way the way to do/of doing sth.做某事的方法 by this means用这种方法 means the means of doing sth.做某事的方法 with this method用这种方法 method the method of/for doing sth.做某事的方法 STORY AND TRADITIONS 3-2 amounts句意：咖啡可能 导致睡眠障碍，尤其是大量饮用 或在下午两点后摄入时。in large amounts意为“大量的”。 单句语法填空 例4-1（2024·北京高考阅读 理解B)One night,I dreamed that a big woman in red (approach)me,handed me a bag of paints,and told me to start painting. 例4-2(2025·1月浙江高考 阅读理解C)A novel design approach to (garden) has been gaining in popularity worldwide. 例4-3(2024·湖南长沙长郡 高二期末阅读理解C·改编) They intended to employ a carbon-neutral approach lessening the climate impact of the games. 例4-4(2025·3月天津高考 阅读理解B·改编)The patience needed for such slow UNIT 4 progress was different from the way I normally (approach)physical activity. 【答案与解析】 4-1 approached句意：-天 晚上，我梦见一个身穿红衣的高 大女子走近我，递给我一袋颜 料，并让我开始画画。 4-2 gardening句意：一种新 颖的园艺设计方式正在全球逐 渐流行起来。 4-3to句意：他们打算采用 一种碳中和方法，以减轻赛事对 气候的影响。 4-4 approached句意：完成 这样缓慢的进展所需要的耐心 与我通常进行体育活动的方式 截然不同。approach意为“处 理；应对”。 113 重难点手册高中英语必修第二册RJ 要点5 ensure vt.保证；确保；担保 教材语境>She had a copy of the painting boxed to ensure that it was delivered safely. 她把这幅画的副本装在盒子里，以确保它能安全送达。 ensure sth.保证/确保某事 用法 ensure(that).确保… The book ensured his success.这本书保证了他的成功。 Please ensure that you bring your existing card with you.(经典· 天津3月高考阅读理解)请确保随身携带您现有的卡。 链接表示“确保；保证”的单词或短语： assure ut. 确保；向…保证 make sure确保 make certain(that).确保… see to it that…确保…；必使… 要点6 generous adj..慷慨的；大方的 教材语境>Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them bread with butter and honey that was homemade. 卡尔和他的朋友们住在一个慷慨的家庭里，这个家庭给他们提供 自制的黄油蜂蜜面包。 be generous to sb.对某人慷慨 be generous with sth..在某方面慷慨 用法 be generous in doing sth..乐于做某事 It is generous of sb..to do sth.某人做某事真大方。 What has drawn me is this community of generous,open-hearted souls.(2023·3月天津高考阅读理解B) 真正吸引我的是这群慷慨热忱的灵魂。 The old woman was always generous to the poor boy. 那位老太太对那个可怜的男孩一直很大方。 We should be generous in helping others.我们应该乐于助人。 It was generous of him to offer to pay for us. 他主动为我们付钱，真是大方。 generosity n.慷慨；大方；宽宏大量 拓展 generously adv..慷慨地；大方地 114 完成句子 例5-1(2025·3月天津高考单 项填空·改编)Today's students, especially those with diverse learning needs,have a preference for small class teaching as it (确保更多个 人关注)from teachers. 5-2 He checked the list again (确保没 有遗漏任何东西). 【答案与解析】 5-1 ensures more personal attention句意：如今的学生， 尤其是那些有多样化学习需求 的学生，更偏爱小班教学，因为 小班教学能确保他们获得老师 更多的个人关注。 5-2 to make sure/ensure he hadn't missed anything 单句语法填空 6-1 Parents should be generous praise when children make progress,which boosts their confidence. 例6-2（经典·广东高考写 作·改编)She herself lived a simple or rather poor life but she was so generous the people in need of help. 例6-3(2024·新高考全国I卷 读后续写·改编)I was taken aback by his _（generous.) and thanked him sincerely. 【答案与解析】 6-1with句意：当孩子们取 得了进步的时候，父母亲应该极 大地赞扬他们，这可以提升他们 的自信。be generous with意为 “在某方面慷慨”。 6-2to句意：她自己过着简单 或者说相当贫困的生活，但她对 需要帮助的人们是如此慷慨。be generous to意为“对某人慷慨”。 6-3 generosity句意：他的慷 慨让我大吃一惊，我真诚地向他 道谢。 UNIT 4 HI 要点7 position (1)wt.(小心地)放置；安置 教材语境>They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars,which were positioned on the hill. 他们用安置在山顶上的相机和双筒望远镜守望着湖泊。 She quickly positioned herself behind the desk. 她迅速在桌子后面就位。 (2)n.位置；姿态；职位 the geographical position地理位置 in/out of position在/不在适当的位置 搭配 put sb。ina…position使某人处于…的境地 hold the position of担任…职务 The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background..(2023·全国乙卷阅读理解B) 这个位置能让我们俯瞰湖泊，背景是日落。 I'm sorry if I put you in an awkward position. 如果我让你处境尴尬，那真是抱歉。 要点8 eager adj..热切的；热心的；渴望的 教材语境>I was eager/surprised to see/learn/hear that… 我渴望/惊讶地看到/了解/听说… be eager to do sth.渴望做某事 用法 be eager for sth.渴望得到某事（物） Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt,most are eager to try something new.(2023·新高考全 国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B)虽然有些（学生）一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土不 感兴趣，但大多数人都渴望尝试新事物 She is eager for her parents'approval.她渴望得到父母的赞许。 辨析eager与anxious 指以巨大的热情渴望实现愿望或达 She is eager to go to eager 到目的，有时也指由于其他感情影 college,but anxious about 响而表现得急不可耐 not passing the entrance examination. anxious 指热切地希望实现愿望，并因害怕地渴望去上大学，但担忧 愿望落空而心情不安，感到焦虑 过不了入学考试。 eagerly adv.热切地；渴望地 拓展 eagerness n. 热切；渴望 with eagerness热切地 STORY AND TRADITIONS 单句语法填空 例7-1（经典·全国甲卷阅读理 解D·改编)In a wired world with constant global communication, we position)to see flashes of genius(天才)wherever they appear. 例7-2(2023·全国甲卷语法 填空·改编)Sales director is a position interaction technique is just as vital as sales. 【答案与解析】 7-1 are positioned句意：在 这个全球通信不断的互联世界 里，无论天才的光芒出现在何 处，我们都能够看到。be positioned意为“被安放；被放 置（在某处）”。 T-2 where句意：对于销售总 监这个职位，沟通技巧和销售能 力同样重要。position是先行 词，where引导定语从句，在句中 作状语，相当于in the position。 完成句子 例8-1(2023·上海名校模拟 完形填空·改编)He was eager (急于在比赛 UNIT 4 中证明自己)，so he practiced tirelessly every day. 例8-2 After a long day of work,she (渴望一个宁静的夜晚)at home. 单句语法填空 例8-3 The audience leaned forward, (eager)awaiting the announcement of the winning. 【答案与解析】 8-1 to prove himself in the competition 8-2 is/was eager for a quiet evening 8-3 eagerly句意：观众们探着 身子，急切地等待着胜利的宣告。 115 铺重难点手册高中英语必修第二册RJ 链接 表示“渴望”的常见表达： be dying to do sth./for sth.be anxious to do sth./for sth. long to do sth./for sth. be keen to do sth. be thirsty for sth. 语法要点精讲 过去分词作宾语补足语和定语 要点1过去分词作宾语补足语 过去分词作宾语补足语说明宾语的性质或 用法 状态，宾语与过去分词之间为被动关系，即宾语 是过去分词动作的承受者。能够接过去分词作 用在感官动词watch、 宾语补足语的动词主要有两类：一类是感官动 see、hear、notice、 词，另一类是使役动词。过去分词作宾语补足 feel等的后面作宾 语的情况通常有以下几种： 语补足语；此外，find 用法 例句 也有此用法 They kept the door locked for a long time.他们把门锁 用在表示某种状态 了好长一段时间。 的动词keep、leave Don't leave the windows 用在want、wish、like、 等的后面 broken like this all the expect、order等表 time.不要让窗户像这样一 示“希望；愿望；命 直破着。 令”的动词后面作宾 语补足语 “have/get+宾语+过I have had my bike repaired. 去分词”结构可表示两 我让人修了我的自行车。 种含义： Mary had her watch stolen ①使某事被做（让别人 the other day. 做或由主语自己做)； 玛丽的手表在前几天被人 在“with十宾语十过 ②遭遇某种不幸 偷了。 去分词”结构中，宾 语与过去分词之间 I raised my voice to make 在“make十宾语十 是被动关系 myself heard. 过去分词”结构中， 我提高了嗓门以便让别人听 过去分词表示结果 到我的话。 116 笔记 续表 例句 When we got to school,we saw the gate locked. 当我们到学校时，我们看见 大门锁着。 We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.我们可以听到雨拍打 窗户的声音。 I want the car fixed today. 我想要这辆车今天就修好。 Everyone wishes the matter settled as soon as possible. 人人都希望这件事情尽快 解决。 The thief was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 小偷被带了进来，双手被绑 在背后。 With the difficult problem handled,the boss smiled with satisfaction.解决了这个难 题，老板满意地笑了。 学法点拨 现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式作宾语补足 语的区别： (1)根据宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系来确定 用哪种形式。 主动关系一一现在分词 被动关系一一过去分词 (2)感官动词hear、see、notice、feel等既可以 接分词也可以接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补 足语。 现在分词—主动、进行的动作 过去分词—被动、完成的动作 动词不定式—动作的全过程 I heard them singing in the room when I passed by. 我路过时，听到他们在房间里唱歌。（主动、 进行) His parents saw him awarded the winner's medal. 他父母看着他被授予获胜者的奖牌。（被动、 完成) 要点2过去分词作定语 规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加词 尾-ed构成，不规则动词的过去分词没有统一 的构成规则。过去分词在句中可作定语、表 语、宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独用作谓语。 1.过去分词作定语的位置 (1)单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修 饰词之前。 The ground was covered with fallen leaves. 地上满是落叶。 People shouldn't be exposed to polluted water. 人们不应该接触被污染了的水。 (2)过去分词短语作定语，通常放在被修饰 词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。 I was instructed to carry out a plan supported by most people.=I was instructed to carry out a plan which was supported by most people. 我被要求执行一个多数人支持的计划。 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS 学法点拔 (1)有些单个的过去分词，在习惯上往往放在 被修饰词之后。 There is little time left.Let's hurry up. 剩余的时间不多了。我们抓紧吧。 (2)过去分词修饰代词时，应放在被修饰词 之后。 He is one of those invited. 他是那些被邀请的人之一。 (3)有些过去分词作定语，前置和后置的意义 不同。试比较： This is a used car..这是一辆二手汽车。 The method used is very efficient. 所用的这个方法很有效。 2.过去分词作定语的意义 不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动 作已完成，不表示被动意义；及物动词的过去分 词作定语，表示被动意义或动作已完成： (1)不及物动词：只表示完成，不表示被动。 a retired teacher退休教师 fallen leaves落叶 the risen sun升起的太阳 (2)及物动词：表示被动或完成。 an honoured guest一位受尊敬的客人 deeply moved people深受感动的人们 UNIT the broken glass碎了的杯子 the question discussed yesterday昨天讨论 的问题 3.现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别 (1)语态上不同：现在分词表示主动意义， 过去分词多表示被动意义。 The woman standing beside him is his secretary. 站在他旁边的那个女人是他的秘书。(the woman与stand之间是主动关系) She showed me the book recommended by the professor. 她把教授推荐的书给我看了看。（the book与recommend之间是被动关系) (2)时间关系上不同：现在分词表示正在进 行的动作，而过去分词表示已经完成的动作。 the changing world正在发生变化的世界 the changed world已经变化了的世界 117