专题11 构词法（A卷·基础巩固）-2026版山西省（对口升学）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：2026版山西省（对口升学）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、省编复习指导及历年真题编写。本资料紧扣历年考试趋势和最新考试动态，聚焦高频考点，精讲精练，共覆盖包括各类语法和题型的16个专题，助力考生高效复习。同时，为构建完整学习体系，每个专题均配套对应讲义和AB卷习题，满足多样化学习需求。 本专题是2026版山西省（对口升学）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》的第11个专题，内容为构词法。 2026版山西省（对口升学）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》 专题11 构词法（A卷·基础巩固） 考试时间：20分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 一、单项选择（共20小题；每小题4分，满分 80分） 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 1. The ______ of the new library will bring great convenience to the students in our school. ( ) A. establish B. established C. establishment D. establishing 【答案】C 【解析】考查派生构词法（动词变名词）。句中定冠词The后需接名词作主语，establish为动词“建立”，通过加后缀-ment构成名词establishment（建立），符合“动词+ment→名词”的常见构词规则，故选C。 2.It’s ______ of you to help the old man carry his heavy bag. Everyone should learn from you. ( ) A. help B. helpful C. helpless D. helping 【答案】B 【解析】考查派生构词法（动词变形容词）。句中It’s + 形容词 + of sb to do sth为固定句型，需用形容词作表语。help为动词“帮助”，加后缀-ful构成形容词helpful（有帮助的），符合“动词+ful→形容词”的构词规则；helpless表示“无助的”，语义不符，故选B。 3.My little sister is afraid of the dark. She always asks me to stay with her in the ______ room. ( ) A. light B. lightly C. lit D. lighted 【答案】D 【解析】考查转化构词法（动词变形容词）。句中需用形容词修饰名词room，light可作动词“照亮”，其形容词形式为lighted（明亮的），可作定语；lit为light的过去分词，多作表语，此处需定语，故选D。 4.The teacher told us that we should avoid making ______ mistakes in the English exam. ( ) A. care B. careful C. careless D. carefully 【答案】C 【解析】考查派生构词法（加否定前缀）。句中需用形容词修饰名词mistakes，care为动词“关心”，加后缀-ful构成careful（细心的），加否定前缀-less构成careless（粗心的）。结合语境“避免犯错误”，应是“粗心的错误”，故选C。 5.With the development of technology, ______ devices have become more and more popular in daily life. ( ) A. electric B. electricity C. electronically D. electrical 【答案】A 【解析】考查派生构词法（名词变形容词）。句中需用形容词修饰名词devices，electricity为名词“电”，派生出electric（电动的，直接用电的）和electrical（与电相关的）。结合语境“日常用品”，electric devices（电动设备）更符合；electrical多修饰“学科、工程”等，故选A。 6.The ______ from the factory made the river dirty. The local government has taken measures to solve the problem. ( ) A. pollute B. pollution C. polluted D. polluting 【答案】B 【解析】考查派生构词法（动词变名词）。句中定冠词The后需接名词作主语，pollute为动词“污染”，通过加后缀-tion构成名词pollution（污染），符合“动词+tion→名词”的构词规则，故选B。 7.As a ______ student, Tom always listens to the teacher carefully and finishes his homework on time. ( ) A. respect B. respectful C. respective D. respectfully 【答案】B 【解析】考查派生构词法（动词变形容词）。句中需用形容词修饰名词student，respect为动词“尊重”，加后缀-ful构成respectful（恭敬的，尊重他人的）；respective表示“各自的”，语义不符；respectfully为副词，不能修饰名词，故选B。 8.It’s ______ to finish the task in such a short time. We need more people to help us. ( ) A. possible B. impossible C. possibly D. possibility 【答案】B 【解析】考查派生构词法（加否定前缀）。句中It’s + 形容词 + to do sth为固定句型，需用形容词作表语。possible为形容词“可能的”，加否定前缀im-构成impossible（不可能的）。结合语境“需要更多人帮忙”，可知任务难以完成，故选B。 9.The ______ between the two countries has improved a lot in recent years. ( ) A. relation B. relate C. relative D. related 【答案】A 【解析】考查派生构词法（动词变名词）。句中定冠词The后需接名词作主语，relate为动词“联系”，通过加后缀-ion构成名词relation（关系）；relative作名词时表示“亲戚”，语义不符；related为形容词“相关的”，故选A。 10.My grandma is 80 years old, but she is still ______ and can do some housework by herself. ( ) A. health B. healthy C. healthily D. unhealthy 【答案】B 【解析】考查派生构词法（名词变形容词）。句中系动词is后需接形容词作表语，health为名词“健康”，加后缀-y构成形容词healthy（健康的）；unhealthy表示“不健康的”，与语境“能自己做家务”不符，故选B。 11.The ______ worker fixed my broken bike in ten minutes. He is really skilled. ( ) A. work B. worker C. working D. worked 【答案】C 【解析】考查派生构词法（动词变表示人的名词）。句中需用表示人的名词作定语修饰worker，work为动词“工作”，加后缀-er构成worker（工人），符合“动词+er→表示人的名词”的构词规则；working为形容词“工作中的”，语义不符，故选C。 12.We should use ______ bags instead of plastic bags to protect the environment. ( ) A. reuse B. reusable C. reused D. reusing 【答案】B 【解析】考查派生构词法（加前缀re-）。句中需用形容词修饰名词bags，reuse为动词“重复使用”，加后缀-able构成形容词reusable（可重复使用的），符合“re-（重复）+动词+able→形容词”的构词规则，故选B。 13.The ______ of the meeting is to discuss how to improve students’ English learning efficiency. ( ) A. purpose B. propose C. proposer D. proposed 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词。此处需要名词表示 “目的”，A 选项 “purpose（n. 目的）” 符合；B 是动词 “提议”，C 是名词 “提议者”，D 是形容词 “被提议的”，均不符合语境。 14.It’s ______ for children to learn a second language at an early age. It helps develop their brains. ( ) A. benefit B. beneficial C. beneficially D. beneficiality 【答案】B 【解析】考查派生构词法（名词变形容词）。句中It’s + 形容词 + for sb to do sth为固定句型，需用形容词作表语。benefit为名词“好处”，加后缀-ial构成形容词beneficial（有益的），符合“名词+ial→形容词”的构词规则，故选B。 15.The ______ news made all of us excited. Our team won the first prize in the competition. ( ) A. excite B. exciting C. excited D. excitement 【答案】B 【解析】考查派生构词法（动词变形容词）。句中需用形容词修饰名词news，excite为动词“使兴奋”，加后缀-ing构成形容词exciting（令人兴奋的），用于修饰事物；excited表示“感到兴奋的”，用于修饰人，此处news为事物，故选B。 16.My uncle is a ______. He spends most of his time researching new medicines. ( ) A. science B. scientist C. scientific D. scientifically 【答案】B 【解析】考查派生构词法（名词变表示人的名词）。句中不定冠词a后需接表示人的名词，science为名词“科学”，加后缀-ist构成scientist（科学家），符合“名词+ist→表示人的名词”的构词规则；scientific为形容词“科学的”，语义不符，故选B。 17.Please be ______ when you cross the road. There are many cars and buses passing by. ( ) A. care B. careful C. careless D. carefully 【答案】B 【解析】考查派生构词法（动词变形容词）。句中系动词be后需接形容词作表语，care为动词“关心”，加后缀-ful构成careful（小心的）；careless表示“粗心的”，与语境“过马路”不符；carefully为副词，不能作表语，故选B。 18.The ______ of the new policy has helped many poor families improve their lives. ( ) A. implement B. implementation C. implemented D. implementing 【答案】B 【解析】考查派生构词法（动词变名词）。句中定冠词The后需接名词作主语，implement为动词“实施”，通过加后缀-ation构成名词implementation（实施），符合“动词+ation→名词”的构词规则，故选B。 19.This kind of flower is ______. It can only be found in the deep mountains. ( ) A. common B. uncommon C. commonly D. commonness 【答案】B 【解析】考查派生构词法（加否定前缀）。句中系动词is后需接形容词作表语，common为形容词“常见的”，加否定前缀un-构成uncommon（罕见的）。结合语境“只能在深山找到”，可知这种花很罕见，故选B。 20.The ______ teacher is always patient with her students. She explains the knowledge again and again until they understand. ( ) A. teach B. teacher C. teaching D. teachable 【答案】C 【解析】考查转化构词法（动词变形容词）。句中需用形容词修饰名词teacher，teach为动词“教”，转化为形容词teaching（教学的，任教的），teaching teacher表示“任课教师”；teacher为名词“教师”，不能修饰名词；teachable表示“可教的”，语义不符，故选C。 二、填空（根据所给词的正确形式填空。共10小题，每小题2分, 满分20分。） 1.The ______ (construct) of the new school library will be completed next year. Local students are looking forward to it. 【答案】construction 【解析】考查动词变名词。句中定冠词The后需接名词作主语，所给词construct为动词“建造”，其名词形式为construction（建造），通过加后缀-ion构成，符合“动词+ion→名词”的常见构词规则，故填construction。 2.It’s ______ (use) to argue with him because he never listens to others. We’d better find another way to solve the problem. 【答案】useless 【解析】考查加否定前缀构词。句中It’s + 形容词 + to do sth为固定句型，需用形容词作表语。所给词use为动词“使用”，先加后缀-ful构成useful（有用的），再根据语境“和他争论没用，他从不听别人的”，加否定前缀-less构成useless（无用的），故填useless。 3.My cousin works as a ______ (write) for a fashion magazine. She often travels around the world to collect materials. 【答案】writer 【解析】考查动词变表示人的名词。句中不定冠词a后需接表示职业的名词，所给词write为动词“写”，通过加后缀-er构成writer（作家），符合“动词+er→表示人的名词”的构词规则，故填writer。 4.The old man walked ______ (slow) along the street, enjoying the warm sunshine in the afternoon. 【答案】slowly 【解析】考查形容词变副词。句中需用副词修饰动词walked，所给词slow为形容词“慢的”，通过加后缀-ly构成副词slowly（慢慢地），符合“形容词+ly→副词”的常见构词规则，故填slowly。 5.The ______ (appear) of the new smartphone has attracted a lot of young people’s attention. 【答案】appearance 【解析】考查动词变名词。句中定冠词The后需接名词作主语，所给词appear为动词“出现”，通过加后缀-ance构成名词appearance（出现；问世），符合“动词+ance→名词”的构词规则，故填appearance。 6.It’s ______ (necessity) for us to learn basic first-aid knowledge. It may save lives in an emergency. 【答案】necessary 【解析】考查名词变形容词。句中It’s + 形容词 + for sb to do sth为固定句型，需用形容词作表语。所给词necessity为名词“必要”，其对应的形容词形式为necessary（必要的），通过派生构词形成，故填necessary。 7.The ______ (communicate) between teachers and students is very important for teaching efficiency. 【答案】communication 【解析】考查动词变名词。句中定冠词The后需接名词作主语，所给词communicate为动词“交流”，通过加后缀-ion构成名词communication（交流），符合“动词+ion→名词”的构词规则，故填communication。 8.The ______ (touch) story told by the old lady made all the children in the room cry. 【答案】touching 【解析】考查动词变形容词。句中需用形容词修饰名词story，所给词touch为动词“触动”，加后缀-ing构成形容词touching（令人感动的），用于修饰事物；而touched表示“感到感动的”，用于修饰人，此处修饰story，故填touching。 9.We should ______ (conserve) the environment and protect wild animals for our future generations. 【答案】conserve 【解析】考查名词变动词。句中should为情态动词，后需接动词原形作谓语，所给词conservation为名词“保护”，其对应的动词形式为conserve（保护），通过派生构词形成，故填conserve。 10.The little boy is very ______ (curiosity) about everything around him. He always asks his parents many questions. 【答案】curious 【解析】考查名词变形容词。句中需用形容词作表语，构成“be + 形容词 + about”的固定搭配。所给词curiosity为名词“好奇心”，其对应的形容词形式为curious（好奇的），通过派生构词形成，故填curious。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：2026版山西省（对口升学）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、省编复习指导及历年真题编写。本资料紧扣历年考试趋势和最新考试动态，聚焦高频考点，精讲精练，共覆盖包括各类语法和题型的16个专题，助力考生高效复习。同时，为构建完整学习体系，每个专题均配套对应讲义和AB卷习题，满足多样化学习需求。 本专题是2026版山西省（对口升学）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》的第11个专题，内容为构词法。 2026版山西省（对口升学）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》 专题11 构词法（A卷·基础巩固） 考试时间：20分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 一、单项选择（共20小题；每小题4分，满分 80分） 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 1. The ______ of the new library will bring great convenience to the students in our school. ( ) A. establish B. established C. establishment D. establishing 2.It’s ______ of you to help the old man carry his heavy bag. Everyone should learn from you. ( ) A. help B. helpful C. helpless D. helping 3.My little sister is afraid of the dark. She always asks me to stay with her in the ______ room. ( ) A. light B. lightly C. lit D. lighted 4.The teacher told us that we should avoid making ______ mistakes in the English exam. ( ) A. care B. careful C. careless D. carefully 5.With the development of technology, ______ devices have become more and more popular in daily life. ( ) A. electric B. electricity C. electronically D. electrical 6.The ______ from the factory made the river dirty. The local government has taken measures to solve the problem. ( ) A. pollute B. pollution C. polluted D. polluting 7.As a ______ student, Tom always listens to the teacher carefully and finishes his homework on time. ( ) A. respect B. respectful C. respective D. respectfully 8.It’s ______ to finish the task in such a short time. We need more people to help us. ( ) A. possible B. impossible C. possibly D. possibility 9.The ______ between the two countries has improved a lot in recent years. ( ) A. relation B. relate C. relative D. related 10.My grandma is 80 years old, but she is still ______ and can do some housework by herself. ( ) A. health B. healthy C. healthily D. unhealthy 11.The ______ worker fixed my broken bike in ten minutes. He is really skilled. ( ) A. work B. worker C. working D. worked 12.We should use ______ bags instead of plastic bags to protect the environment. ( ) A. reuse B. reusable C. reused D. reusing 13.The ______ of the meeting is to discuss how to improve students’ English learning efficiency. ( ) A. purpose B. propose C. proposer D. proposed 14.It’s ______ for children to learn a second language at an early age. It helps develop their brains. ( ) A. benefit B. beneficial C. beneficially D. beneficiality 15.The ______ news made all of us excited. Our team won the first prize in the competition. ( ) A. excite B. exciting C. excited D. excitement 16.My uncle is a ______. He spends most of his time researching new medicines. ( ) A. science B. scientist C. scientific D. scientifically 17.Please be ______ when you cross the road. There are many cars and buses passing by. ( ) A. care B. careful C. careless D. carefully 18.The ______ of the new policy has helped many poor families improve their lives. ( ) A. implement B. implementation C. implemented D. implementing 19.This kind of flower is ______. It can only be found in the deep mountains. ( ) A. common B. uncommon C. commonly D. commonness 20.The ______ teacher is always patient with her students. She explains the knowledge again and again until they understand. ( ) A. teach B. teacher C. teaching D. teachable 二、填空（根据所给词的正确形式填空。共10小题，每小题2分, 满分20分。） 1.The ______ (construct) of the new school library will be completed next year. Local students are looking forward to it. 2.It’s ______ (use) to argue with him because he never listens to others. We’d better find another way to solve the problem. 3.My cousin works as a ______ (write) for a fashion magazine. She often travels around the world to collect materials. 4.The old man walked ______ (slow) along the street, enjoying the warm sunshine in the afternoon. 5.The ______ (appear) of the new smartphone has attracted a lot of young people’s attention. 6.It’s ______ (necessity) for us to learn basic first-aid knowledge. It may save lives in an emergency. 7.The ______ (communicate) between teachers and students is very important for teaching efficiency. 8.The ______ (touch) story told by the old lady made all the children in the room cry. 9.We should ______ (conserve) the environment and protect wild animals for our future generations. 10.The little boy is very ______ (curiosity) about everything around him. He always asks his parents many questions. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $