Unit 3 语法易错+巩固练习(导学案)六年级英语寒假自学课(译林版三起)

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译林版三起六年级寒假自学课 Unit 3 语法易错+巩固练习语法易错01 语法点拨 1.表达某人喜欢做某事的句型 (1)教材原句:Mike likes eating sweets,cakes and ice cream.迈克喜欢吃糖果、蛋糕和冰淇淋。 (2)句型结构:主语+like(s)+动词-ing形式+其他 主语+like(s)+to do+其他 (3)用法:like 后接动词-ing 形式,意为“喜欢做某事”,表示一贯的爱好;like 后面如果接动词不定式,则意为“想去做某事”,指某个具体的动作,有趋向性。 (4)例句:George likes watching TV.乔治喜欢看电视。 知识演练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.Ben likes ________ (drink) cola, but he shouldn't drink too much. 2.Mary likes ________ (have) rice and vegetables for lunch soon. 语法易错02 语法点拨 2.a few,a little,a lot of 和 some的用法 (1)教材原句:Chinese people often have some porridge and steamed buns for breakfast.中国人早餐经常喝一些粥,吃一些馒头。 (2)用法:a few,a little,a lot of和 some 的意义和用法有所不同。一般来说,afew 修饰可数名词的复数形式,a little 修饰不可数名词。A lot of与 some 既可以修饰可数名词的复数形式,又可以修饰不可数名词。 (3)图解助记: 例句:①I have a few pencils in my pencil case.我的铅笔里有几支铅笔。 ②Sam only has a little rice for dinner.山姆晚餐只吃一点米饭。 ③I have a lot of apples.我有许多苹果。 ④I'd like some orange juice.我想要一些橙汁。 知识演练 一、单项选择 ( )1.There is _______ milk in the fridge. Let's go and buy some. A.a lot of B. a few C. a little ( )2.Lily eats _______ sweets. It's not good for her health. A. a little B. a lot of C.a few 语法易错03 语法点拨 3.可数名词单数变复数的规则 (1)教材原句:Western people often have cereal, bread, eggs and sausages for breakfast. 西方人早餐经常吃谷类、面包、鸡蛋和香肠。 (2)用法:名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。可以用数目来计算的名词叫可数名词,可数名词有单数形式和复数形式。一般无法用数目来计算的名词叫不可数名词。 (3)图解助记: (4)例句:① He also does well at home.他在家也做得好。 ②Mike does well in playing football. 迈克足球踢得好。 知识演练 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空, 1.-Would you like _______ (any) ________ (fish)?-Yes, please. 2.I'd like ________ (some) _________ (tomato) and a few eggs. 重难点特训 一、单项选择。 1.—Can I have ______ cola? (    ) —Yes, but you can only drink_____ . A.any; much B.some; a little C.much; a few 2.Children _____ eat _____ vegetables. They are good for their health. (    ) A.should; a lot of B.shouldn’t; a lot of C.mustn’t; some 3.Many people like to try Yangzhou breakfast, like _____.(    ) A.cereal B.steamed buns C.sausages 4.Sandy is ill today. She only eats _____ rice and soup. (    ) A.a little B.a lot C.much 5.Which of the following is not healthy? (    ) A.I drink some warm water after I get up. B.I eat some fruit every day. C.I eat a few sweets before bedtime. 6.We should have our meals _____. (    ) A.all the time B.at a time C.on time 7.—Would you like something to drink? (    ) —No, thanks. I’d like some vegetables. Please give me some _____. A.mangoes B.juice C.carrots 8.—Must I eat some rice for lunch? (    ) —No, you ______. You ______ eat some noodles. A.mustn’t; can B.can’t; must C.needn’t; can 9.She has a _______ diet. (    ) A.health B.healthy C.healthily 10.I have _________ sweets, but I only eat _________ at a time. (    ) A.a lot; a little B.many; a few C.much; a little 二、词汇运用题。 (A)根据首字母及汉语提示完成句子 1.To keep h , we shouldn’t eat too m sweet food. 2.In a h diet, there is a lot of fruit and vegetables. 3.I’m not so good. I have a f . 4.My brother Leo eats a little sweet food (一次). 5.The little boy is weak. He n has eggs and milk. (B)用所给词的适当形式填空 1.The children (cross) the road now. 2.A reasonable(合理的) diet can keep my body (health). 3.Mike (not drink) a lot of water every day. 4.You can’t eat too (much) sweets. 5.There (be) any coffee in the fridge yesterday. (C)从方框中选择合适的内容填空。(不可重复使用) a lot of    much    a little    many    a few 1.The five-year-old child can name kinds of vegetables. 2.Don’t drink too coffee. It may affect your sleep. 3.She’s new here, so she only has friends. 4.We prepared meat for the picnic. That’s enough. 5.You can’t have a rainbow without rain. 三、选择合适的句子的序号,完成下面对话。 Mum: 1 . Time for breakfast. Mike: OK. 2 . Mum: Some porridge, eggs and bread. Mike: I don’t like them. 3 . Mum: Oh, dear! You shouldn’t drink too much cola. It’s not good for your health. Mike: OK. 4 . Mum: Sure 5 . You should have a healthy diet, Mike. Mike: All right. A.I’d like a sandwich and a large bottle of cola. B.Wake up, Mike. C.Please eat a little at a time. D.What’s for breakfast? E.Can I have some sweet food then? 四、根据短文内容判断下列句子正误,正确的写 T,错误的写 F。 Everybody wants to be healthy. You know food is very important. There are lots of healthy foods. You can have more bananas, apples, oranges, tomatoes and lettuce(生菜), because fruit and vegetables are good for you. But don’t eat too much chocolate. It’s not healthy food. Healthy food can make you grow and make you strong and happy. Remember there is a saying, “An apple a day keeps the doctor away. ” Sports can also keep you healthy. Get up early and do some sports every day. Don’t be lazy. You’ll be healthy and happy. 1.Bananas are healthy food. ( ) 2.Chocolate is a kind of fruit. ( ) 3.Chocolate can make you grow well. ( ) 4.“An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” means apples are very good. ( ) 5.Sports are also very important in helping keep your healthy. ( ) 参考答案与解析 语法易错题答案01 1. 答案:drinking 解析:固定搭配 “like doing sth.”(喜欢做某事),drink 的动名词形式是 drinking。 2. 答案:having 解析:同理,“like doing sth.” 表示长期的喜好,have 的动名词形式是 having。 语法易错题答案02 1. 答案:C 解析:milk 是不可数名词,“a little” 修饰不可数名词,且后句 “去买一些” 说明冰箱里牛奶少,符合语境;“a lot of” 表 “大量”,“a few” 修饰可数名词,均不符合。 2. 答案:B 解析:sweets 是可数名词复数,“a lot of” 可修饰可数 / 不可数名词,且 “吃太多糖对健康不好” 符合逻辑;“a little” 修饰不可数名词,“a few” 表 “少量”,均不符合句意。 语法易错题答案03 1. 答案:some;fish 解析:“Would you like...” 表请求的疑问句中,用 some 代替 any;fish 表示 “鱼肉” 时是不可数名词,此处用原形。 2. 答案:some;tomatoes 解析:“I'd like...” 是肯定句,用 some;tomato 是可数名词,此处表复数概念,变复数为 tomatoes。 重难点特训 一、1.B 【详解】句意:—我可以喝些可乐吗?—可以,但只能喝一点。本题考查不定代词。some和any表示一些,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句,第一句虽然是问句,但是表示请求,想要得到对方肯定的回答,用some。much修饰不可数名词,许多。a little和a few表示一点,a little修饰不可数名词,a few修饰可数名词,根据but和only可知只能喝一点,cola是不可数名词,用a little,故选B。 2.A 【详解】句意:孩子们应该吃很多蔬菜。它们对他们的健康有益。本题考查情态动词和固定搭配。后半句“They are good for their health.”表明建议多吃蔬菜,因此第一空需用肯定建议的情态动词“should”。第二空修饰不可数名词“vegetables”,且需表达“大量”含义,用“a lot of”符合语境。故选A。 3.B 【详解】句意:许多人喜欢尝试扬州早餐,比如_____。本题考查名词辨析和名词词组。A麦片,B包子,C香肠,根据常识,扬州特色早餐应选“steamed buns”。故选B。 4.A 【详解】句意:Sandy今天生病了。她只吃了少量米饭和汤。本题考查不定代词。rice和soup均为不可数名词,需用修饰不可数名词的量词。a little表示“少量”,修饰不可数名词,且用于肯定句;much虽修饰不可数名词,但意思是很多,不符合题意;a lot需搭配of(a lot of)才能接名词。故选A。 5.C 【详解】句意:以下哪项不健康?本题考查陈述句。A我起床后喝一些温水。B我每天吃一些水果。C睡前我吃了一些甜食。睡前吃一些糖果可能导致蛀牙或影响健康,属于不健康行为。故选C。 6.C 【详解】句意:我们应该按时吃饭。本题考查介词固定搭配。A一直,B一次,C准时,选项C符合句意,强调按时进餐。故选C。 7.C 【详解】句意:—你想喝点什么吗?—不用,谢谢。我想要一些蔬菜。请给我一些胡萝卜。本题考查名词辨析。A芒果,B果汁,C胡萝卜,选项C符合题意,故选C。 8.C 【详解】句意:—我必须吃米饭当午餐吗?—不,你不需要。你可以吃面条。本题考查情态动词的用法。以Must引导的一般疑问句,否定回答用needn’t表示“不需要”;第二空表示允许,用can。故选C。 9.B 【详解】句意:她有一个健康的饮食。本题考查形容词的用法。A健康,名词;B健康的,形容词;C健康地,副词。空格前有冠词 “a”,说明空格处需要一个形容词。healthy是形容词,故选B。 10.B 【详解】句意:我有许多糖果,但我一次只吃几块。本题考查不定代词,sweets糖果,是可数名词复数,much修饰不可数名词,a lot不修饰名词,排除AC选项,故选B。 二、(A)1.healthy much 【详解】句意:保持____,我们不应该吃____甜食。本题考查动词短语和其他固定搭配。keep healthy保持健康,动词短语;sweet food甜食,为不可数名词,too much太多,修饰不可数名词。故答案为healthy;much。 2.healthy 【详解】句意:在________饮食中,有很多水果和蔬菜。本题考查形容词的用法。diet是一个名词,前面要用形容词修饰;根据句意饮食中有很多水果和蔬菜,可知饮食是健康的healthy,故答案为healthy。 3.fever 【详解】句意:我不是很舒服。我 。本题考查固定搭配。根据单词首字母提示和前句句意,后句应该是我发烧了。have a fever发烧,是固定搭配,故答案为fever。 4.at a time 【详解】句意:我哥哥里奥一次只吃一点甜食。本题考查介词固定搭配。一次at a time,故答案为at,a,time。 5.never 【详解】句意:小男孩是虚弱的,他从不吃鸡蛋和牛奶。本题考查频度副词。根据句意和首字母可知该单词为never从不,故答案为never。 (B)1.are crossing 【详解】句意:孩子们现在正在过马路。本题考查动词的形式,根据句中now可知句中时态是现在进行时,结构为:be动词+动词ing,主语是the children,是复数,be动词用are,故答案为are crossing。 2.healthy 【详解】句意:合理的饮食可以使我的身体保持健康。本题考查形容词的用法,keep+sth+形容词,表示“保持某物……”。health健康,名词。该空填health的形容词形式healthy,故答案为healthy。 3.doesn’t drink 【详解】句意:迈克每天喝水很少。本题考查助动词和动词形式,every day是一般现在时的标志词,Mike是第三人称单数,drink是实义动词,否定句借助助动词doesn’t,实义动词用原形,故答案为doesn’t drink。 4.many 【详解】句意:你不能吃太多的糖果。本题考查形容词的辨析。句子中sweets是可数名词复数,用many修饰,故答案为many。 5.wasn’t 【详解】句意:昨天冰箱里没有咖啡。本题考查be动词,yesterday是一般过去时的标志词,coffee是不可数名词,be动词用was,any用于否定句中,因此用was的否定形式wasn’t,故答案为wasn’t。 (C)1.many 2.much 3.a few 4.a lot of 5.a little 【解析】1.句意:这个五岁的孩子能说出许多种蔬菜的名字。many许多,符合句意,故答案为many。 2.句意:不要喝太多咖啡。它可能会影响你的睡眠。too much太多,固定搭配,修饰不可数名词,故答案为much。 3.句意:她是新来的,所以她只有几个朋友。a few几个,修饰可数名词复数,符合句意,故答案为a few。 4.句意:我们为野餐准备了很多肉。这够了。a lot of很多,修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词,符合句意,故答案为a lot of。 5.句意:不下一点雨就不会有彩虹。a little一点,修饰不可数名词,符合句意,故答案为a little。 三、1.B 2.D 3.A 4.E 5.C 【导语】本文主要是迈克和他的妈妈围绕健康的早餐展开的对话。 1.下句说:吃早餐的时间到了。可知这句是在叫人起床,选项B“醒醒,迈克。”符合语境,故选B。 2.下句说:一些粥、鸡蛋和面包。可知这句是问早餐吃什么,选项D“早餐吃什么?”符合语境,故选D。 3.上句说:我不喜欢他们。下两句说:哦,亲爱的!你不应该喝太多可乐。可知这句是说迈克想喝很多可乐。选项A“我要一个三明治和一大瓶可乐。”符合语境,故选A。 4.结合上文妈妈说迈克不应该喝太多可乐,可乐对他的身体不好,迈克答应了。可知这句是迈克换一种食物吃,选项E“那我能吃点甜食吗?”符合语境,故选E。 5.下句说:迈克,你应该有健康的饮食。再结合上文迈克要吃甜食,可知这句应该是建议他不要吃太多甜食,选项C“请每次少吃点。”符合语境,故选C。 四、1.T 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.T 【解析】1.句意:香蕉是健康食品。根据You can have more bananas, apples, oranges, tomatoes and lettuce(生菜), because fruit and vegetables are good for you.可知该表述正确,故答案为T。 2.句意:巧克力是一种水果。巧克力不是水果,所以该表述不正确,故答案为F。 3.句意:巧克力能使你长得好。根据But don’t eat too much chocolate. It’s not healthy food. Healthy food can make you grow and make you strong and happy.“但不要吃太多巧克力。它不是健康食品。健康的食物能使你成长,使你强壮和快乐。”可知该表述不正确,故答案为F。 4.句意:“一天一个苹果,医生远离你。”意思是苹果是有益处的。根据Healthy food can make you grow and make you strong and happy. Remember there is a saying, “An apple a day keeps the doctor away. ”可知该表述正确,故答案为T。 5.句意:运动对保持你的健康也很重要。根据Sports can also keep you healthy.可知该表述正确,故答案为T。 2 / 2 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 3 语法易错+巩固练习(导学案)六年级英语寒假自学课(译林版三起)
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Unit 3 语法易错+巩固练习(导学案)六年级英语寒假自学课(译林版三起)
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