2026年河南中考英语二轮语法复习课件：专题九构词法

该初中英语中考复习课件系统梳理了“构词法”专项考点，依据中考说明明确合成法、派生法、转化法及缩写简写的考查要求，通过中考真题分析突出派生法（占比约40%）、合成法（30%）的高频考点，并归纳填空题、单项选择、语篇填空等常考题型，体现备考针对性。 课件亮点在于“真题改编+考点分类+诊断训练”的实战模式，如2025黑龙江中考改编题及湖北中考语篇填空，详细示范前缀否定（un-、dis-）、名词后缀（-ment、-tion）等构词规律，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。特别设计易错词对比表和限时自测，帮助学生掌握构词技巧，教师可依此制定精准复习计划，提升冲刺效率。

专题九　构词法 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1.(2025·黑龙江中考改编)Music is part of my life.In my opinion, life without music would be empty and 　meaningless　 (meaning).  2.She showed great 　courage　 (encourage) in facing the challenge.  3.My parents and I often 　disagree　 (agree) about my choice of music, but we respect each other’s opinions.  4.Dehong is a beautiful place with 　friendly　 (friend) people and delicious food.  5.The secret to getting on well with others is to express your feelings 　clearly　 (clear).  6.Although people can read books online now, many 　readers　 (read) still like reading in the library.  7.After an hour’s waiting, he became 　impatient　 (patient) and began to complain.  8.It’s 　dangerous　 (danger) to cross the road without looking both ways first.  9.Be 　careful　 (care) not to spill the hot coffee on your new shirt.  01 思维·考点突破 考点1 考点2 考点3 考点4 合成法 由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词, 这种构词法叫作合成法。 类型 例词 合成 名词 名词+名词 classroom教室　 weekend周末 名词+动名词 handwriting书法 形容词+名词 highway公路 shorthand速记(法) 副词+动词 outbreak爆发　 output输出 类型 例词 合成 名词 动词+名词 playground 操场 typewriter 打字机 介词+名词 overcoat 大衣 afternoon 下午 名词+动词 daybreak 破晓 sunrise日出 sunset日落 动词+副词 breakfast早餐 countdown倒计时 类型 例词 合成 形容词 形容词+名词+-ed kind-hearted 热心的 cold-blooded 冷血的 名词+形容词 color-blind色盲的 homesick 想家的 形容词/副词+动名词 good-looking 好看的 English-speaking说英语的 数词+名词+-ed three-legged 三脚的 one-eyed 独眼的 名词+过去分词 handmade 手工做的 heartfelt 衷心的 副词+过去分词 well-known著名的 newly-built 新建的 数词+名词 ten-day十天的 类型 例词 合成 动词 副词+动词 underline 在……下面画线　overthrow推翻 名词+动词 sleepwalk梦游 形容词+动词 blacklist将……列入黑名单 合成 副词 介词+名词 upstairs 在楼上 outdoors 在户外 副词+副词 however 无论如何 whenever 无论何时 代词+名词 sometimes 有时 someday 有朝一日 副词+介词 thereafter 此后 therein在那里 类型 例词 合成 代词 代词+名词 herself 她自己 myself我自己 themselves他/她/它们自己 单项选择 1.Which word is formed in the same way as “weekend”?　D　  A.unable B.invention C.helpless D.noticeboard 2.Which of the following is NOT a compound word (复合词)?　A　  A.peaceful B.wartime C.hard-working D.blackboard 考点1 考点2 考点3 考点4 派生法 在一个单词前面或后面加上词缀构成新单词, 这种构词法叫作派生法。 1.常见前缀(prefix) (1)表示否定的前缀 前缀 例词 un- unable 不能的　unluckily不幸地 il- illegal 违法的　illogical不合逻辑的 im- impolite 无礼的　impossible 不可能的 in- informal 非正式的　independent 独立的 前缀 例词 ir- irregular 不规则的 irresponsible 不负责任的 non- non-smoker 不吸烟者　non-stop 直达的 dis- disadvantage 缺点;劣势　dislike不喜欢 mis- misunderstand 误解　mislead 误导 (2)有特定意思的前缀 前缀 意义 例词 anti- 反对;防 antiwar 反对战争的 antibody 抗体 auto- 自动的;自己的 automatic 自动的 autobiography 自传 inter- 在……之间, 相互 international 国际的 Internet 互联网 micro- 微小的 microscope 显微镜 mini- 小型的 minibus 小型公共汽车 miniskirt迷你裙;超短裙 前缀 意义 例词 over- 过于;上面, 上方 oversleep 睡过头 overhead 在头顶上方 pre- 在……之前;预先 prewar战前的 preview预习 re- 重新; 再次 review复习 recycle回收利用 sub- 在……下面 subway地铁 submarine潜水艇 super- 超级, 超 supermarket超市 superstar 超级巨星 前缀 意义 例词 tele- 远的 television电视 telephone电话 trans- 横穿; 通过; 进入 transport交通运输系统 under- 在……下面; 不足 underground地下的 undergraduate大学(本科)生 构成方式 例词 a-加在名词前, 构成形容词或副词 asleep睡着的 aside在旁边 be-加在名词前, 构成动词 befriend以朋友态度对待 behead将……斩首 em-加在名词前, 构成动词 embed (使)嵌入,融入 empower授权 构成方式 例词 en-加在名词前, 构成动词 endanger危及 encourage鼓励 en-加在形容词前, 构成动词 enrich使富裕 enlarge扩大 enable使可能 2.常见后缀(suffix) 后缀 例词 形容词后缀 -ful helpful有帮助的　peaceful和平的　wonderful美好的 -less careless粗心的　useless无用的 -ly friendly友好的　lonely 孤独的 -en wooden木制的　golden金色的 -y foggy有雾的　wealthy有钱的,富有的 -ous dangerous危险的　disastrous灾难性的 -ed interested感兴趣的　excited激动的, 兴奋的 -ing interesting有趣的　exciting令人激动的,令人兴奋的　amazing惊人的 后缀 例词 形容词后缀 -some tiresome烦人的　handsome英俊的 -ish foolish 愚蠢的　childish 孩子气的 -al natural自然的　traditional传统的　central中心的 -ic/-ical electric电的　medical 医学的　historical历史的 后缀 例词 动词后缀 -en brighten使变亮　deepen加深 -ize/-ise apologize/-ise道歉 realize/-ise实现 -ify simplify 使简易　purify净化 副词后缀 -ly completely完全地　directly直接地 terribly很, 非常 -ily happily开心地　easily容易地 -ward(s) forward(s) 向前地　afterward(s) 后来 后缀 例词 名词后缀 -dom freedom 自由　wisdom智慧 -er worker工人　farmer农民　teacher教师　driver司机 -or actor 男演员　visitor 参观者, 游客 -ist dentist牙医　scientist科学家 -ess actress女演员　waitress女服务员 -hood neighbourhood邻居　childhood童年 -ment development发展　government政府 -(i)ness sadness伤心　illness 疾病　happiness幸福 -ion discussion讨论　election选举　action行动 后缀 例词 名词后缀 -tion attention注意力　invention发明 -th growth成长　length长度 -y honesty诚实　inquiry调查 -ese Chinese中国人　Japanese日本人 -ian musician音乐家　Russian俄罗斯人 -ship friendship友谊　leadership领导地位 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The 　winners　 (win) each were given a CD by that famous singer.  2.You should take an active part in the 　discussion　 (discuss).  3.Jerry played the guitar on the show, and his 　performance　 (perform)was so wonderful that people cheered happily.  4.The teacher always treats every student with 　fairness　 (fair), never showing favoritism.  5.The hard chair made her feel 　uncomfortable　 (comfortable) after sitting for hours.  6.We can 　possibly　 (possible) finish the project by Friday if everyone works hard.  7.This small shop sells a lot of 　inexpensive　 (expensive) but good-quality clothes.  8.Scientists hope to 　discover　 (cover) a cure for this disease in the near future.  9.The winner of the singing 　competition　 (compete) received a trophy(奖杯) and a cash prize.  10.She is always 　active　 (act) in class, often raising her hand to answer questions.  考点1 考点2 考点3 考点4 转化法 一个单词由一种词性转换为另一种词性, 这种构词法叫作转化法。 词性转化 例词 名词转化成动词 rain n. 雨→v.下雨;book n.书→v.预订; water n.水→v.给……浇水;park n.公园→v.停车 形容词转化成动词 clean adj.清洁的→v.使干净;dry adj.干燥的→v.把……弄干;open adj.打开的;开放的→v.打开;开始营业 形容词转化成名词 daily adj.日常的→n.日报 final adj.最后的→n.决赛 词性转化 例词 动词转化成名词 smell v.嗅,闻→n.气味 talk v.讨论→n.交谈 副词转换为动词 down adv. 向下→v.打倒, 击倒 选单词并用其适当形式填空 cook　finally　park　water　matter 1.What　matters　 most is that the person is good at singing and speaks English fluently.  2.Mr.Wei works as a　cook　in a big restaurant.  3.Mum is 　watering　 flowers with water in the garden.  4.You can　park　 the car in the parking lot next to the park.  5.Our team practiced day and night, determined to give our best performance in the basketball 　final　.  考点1 考点2 考点3 考点4 缩写和简写 类型 方法 例词 剪切法 截去原词的开头部分 bicycle→cycle自行车 airplane→plane飞机 去掉原词的末尾部分 taxicab→taxi出租车 laboratory→lab实验室 截去原词的开头和末尾的部分词 refrigerator→fridge 冰箱 混成法 保留原来两词各自的一部分 smoke+fog=smog烟雾 类型 方法 例词 首字母 缩略法 保留多个单词的第一个字母 World Trade Organization =WTO世界贸易组织 World Health Organization =WHO世界卫生组织 United Nations=UN联合国 World Wildlife Fund=WWF世界自然基金会 Unidentified Flying Object=UFO不明飞行物 02 诊断·语法过关 一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1.It was an 　unlucky　 (lucky) day for me—I failed the exam and lost my keys.  2.She 　dislikes　 (like) rainy days because they make her feel sad.  3.Mozart was a famous 　musician　 (music) in the world.  4.The computer is one of the greatest 　inventions　 (invent) in the 20th century.  5.Peach Fuzz, colour of the year for 2024, reminds us a 　feeling　 (feel) of warmth.  6.My grandma is very kind, and she always treats others with 　kindness　 (kind).  7.He is a 　famous　 (fame) writer whose books are popular around the world.  8.It’s 　impolite　 (polite) to speak loudly in public places.  9.The 　discovery　 (discover) of this new medicine will help many patients.  二、语篇填空(构词法练习) (2025·湖北中考改编) create　visit　imagination　easy　amaze　color　ice　surprise　light　sun Would you rather live where it snows in winter or enjoy warm sunshine all year round? Some people prefer 1.　sunny　 weather.They think cold winters can be hard because short days make them sleepy and sad.The cold makes them stay inside, exercise less, and get sick 2.　easily　.However, people in cold places find fun ways to enjoy winter!  create　visit　imagination　easy　amaze　color　ice　surprise　light　sun In Harbin, China, the Snow and Ice Festival starts in January and lasts until March.Artists cut ice from the Songhua River and build tall sculptures(雕塑) that are lit with 3.　colorful　 lights.By late December, 4.　visitors　 come to see this icy world filled with ice artworks and shining buildings.The beauty 5.　surprises　 them although it’s very cold!  In Quebec, Canada, there’s an 6.　amazing　 Ice Hotel that is made of 2,300 ice blocks and 15,000 tons of snow! People love staying in its 7.　icy　rooms for a special winter experience.  create　visit　imagination　easy　amaze　color　ice　surprise　light　sun Even kids in Sweden can enjoy making snow lanterns called Snolykta. They first make large snowballs, and then put candles inside to create warm lights.These simple lanterns 8.　light　 up the dark winter nights.  These 9.　creative　 traditions show how people turn cold winter challenges into beauty and joy! With 10.　imagination　, they make winter fun for everyone.Although it’s cold, there are so many fun ways to enjoy this special season.  $