2026年中考英语专项复习：非谓语动词讲练

非谓语动词复习讲练 非谓语动词是指在句中起名词、形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。英语动词的非谓语形式为三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词与过去分词）。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。 中考对非谓语动词的考查主要有以下内容：动词不定式作主语、宾语、宾语补足语；动名词作主语、宾语；分词作定语、状语。其中动词不定式的用法是中考的一大热点，还有it作形式主语或形式宾语来代替动词不定式也是常考句型。考查非谓语动词多用单项选择、动词填空、句型转换、完形填空、翻译句子等形式。 1、 动词不定式 动词不定式的形式 肯定形式：to+动词原形。如：to write 否定形式：not to+动词原形 如：not to write 复合结构：不定式前加for sb. 如：for him to do … 不定式的特点 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能单独作谓语。另外，动词不定式还可以有自己的宾语，可以用状语来修饰。 如：to learn English well 不定式的用法 1. 作主语：不定式作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数。常用it作形式主语，放在句首，而将真正的主语放在句子后面。 如：To go diving is interesting.=It is interesting to go diving. 潜水是有趣的。 It is important for us to learn English well. 对我们来说，学好英语很重要。 It’s kind of him to offer others help. 他主动帮助其他人真好。 2. 作表语：主语多是表示意图、劝告之类的名词。 如：His wish is to be a pilot. 他的愿望是当一名飞行员。 3. 作宾语：常用不定式作宾语的动词有：want, wish, like, hope ,decide, help, begin (start), agree, learn, choose, seem, fail, prepare, refuse, expect, offer ,happen,make up one’s mind,try one’s best,make a decision, 等。 如：He hopes to visit the Disneyland one day.他希望有一天能参观迪斯尼乐园。 在动词feel, make, think, find等词后的宾语如果有形容词、名词或介词短语做宾语补足语时，我们常常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语即动词不定式置于宾语补足语后面。 如：I find it difficult to learn Maths well.我发现学好数学很难。 He thinks it too much trouble to own a robot. 他认为拥有一个机器人太麻烦。 4. 作宾语补足语：常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：want, ask, tell, help,warn, expect, advise, order, need, encourage,choose, remind, allow, 等，有一些动词，其后的不定式做宾语补足语时在主动语态中须省去to, 如：feel, hear, let ,make, have(叫、使、让),see, watch, notice等，help后面动词不定式可以带to,也可以不带to。 如：I often hear Jim sing. 我经常听见吉姆唱歌。 His mother makes him stay at home all day .他妈妈让他整天待在家里。 5. 作定语：作定语的不定式要放在它所修饰的名词或不定代词的后面。如果不定式是不及物动词或被修饰的是表示地点或工具的名词，则不定式要加上相应的介词。 如：By that time there will be not enough space to stand in.到那时可能就没有立足之地。 We have a lot of homework to do every day. 我们每天有很多作业要做。 Armstrong is the first man to walk on the moon.阿姆斯特朗是第一个在月球上行走的人。 6. 作状语： 目的状语可位于句首或句末。 如：To get there on time, they took a taxi.为了按时到那儿，他们乘坐出租车。 程度、结果状语常与副词enough(表示肯定)或too(表示否定)连用。 如：He is tall enough to reach the apple.他很高，足以够得着那个苹果。 British people are too polite to push past you.英国人很有礼貌，他们不会从你身边挤过去。 原因状语，常常与表示情感的形容词连用，如happy, gals,sad, amazed,excited等。 如：I’m glad to see you here.我在这儿看到你很开心。 7. 疑问词+不定式：此结构常用在下列动词之后做宾语：tell ,teach ,know, wonder, learn ,show, find out, ask, understand,doubt ,unsure 等。 如：He taught me how to plant a tree yesterday.他昨天教我怎样种树。 Mr. Jiang didn’t know what to do with the robot. 姜先生不知道怎么处理这个机器人。 疑问词+不定式的结构也可以在句中作主语。 如：How to go there will be discussed tomorrow. 如何去那儿明天讨论。 二、动 名 词 动名词由动词原形+ -ing构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质，有宾语和状语；也有名词的性质，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 1. 作主语： Eating too much is bad for your health.吃的太多对身体健康有害。 动名词和动词不定式作主语，在许多情况下可以通用，但动名词作主语表示抽象或多次的行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。 2. 作表语： My mother’s job is raising chicken.我母亲的工作是养鸡。 3. 作宾语： I don’t mind listening to that story again.我不介意再听一遍那个故事。 其后常接动名词的的动词及动词词组有finish,enjoy, practice, imagine, mind, keep, consider, miss, avoid(避免)，suggest, admit, allow, be worth, have difficulty/problem/trouble/fun, waste time, can’t help/can’t stop, be used to(习惯于)等。 其后既可以接动名词，也可接动词不定式的动词有：love, like, prefer, begin, start, continue,remember, try, stop, forget, hate, need, regret ,go on等。 介词后接动名词，如：keep…from, stop/prevent…from, make a contribution to, look forward to, devote--to---, lead to----, make a difference to ----, pay attention to ----,spend…(in), be afraid of, be proud of, be used for, feel like, give up, be interested in, be good at ----, succeed in ----, put off,be famous for----等。 3. 作定语： Let’s join the singing group.让我们加入合唱队吧。a working method. 工作方法 meeting room 会议室 Reading Club 读书兴趣小组 drawing competition 绘画比赛 三、分 词 分词分为现在分词和过去分词。两者的区别：现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。如： The man standing by the windows is our teacher.站在门边的人是我们的老师。 The house built last year has become our lab.去年建的房子已成了我们的实验室。 现在分词做形容词使用时表示事物本身所具有的性质，意为“令人……的”，一般描述事物；过去分词表达由外界引起的内心活动，意为“感到……的”，一般描述人。 如：the exciting news 令人兴奋的消息 excited look 激动的表情 常用的还有：interesting/interested, tiring/tired, boring/bored.tiring/ tired, exciting/ excited , amazing/ amazed, worrying/ worried, pleasant/ pleased, surprising/ surprised, moving/ moved等。 现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示完成的动作。 如：falling leaves 正在飘落的树叶fallen leaves 落叶（已落下） developing country 发展中国家developed country 发达国家 用法： 1. 作定语:单个分词作定语一般放在所修饰的词前面，短语作定语常放在所修饰的词后面。现在分词短语作后置定语时，被修饰的名词一般是动作的执行者，过去分词短语作后置定语时，被修饰的名词一般是动作的承受者。 如： The question being discussed is important to us.正在被讨论的问题对我们很重要。 The excited people rushed into the building.激动的人们冲入了大楼。 Murder in a Country House is a horror film directed by Cindy Clark, a new director.乡村小屋谋杀案是一部由一个新导演辛迪克拉克导演的恐怖片。 The girl wearing a red skirt is his sister.那个穿红色短裙的女孩是他的妹妹。 2. 作状语:分词或分词短语可以作时间、原因、方式、结果、伴随等状语。如： Being a student, I must study hard.作为一名学生，我必须努力学习。（原因状语） He ran out of the room, shouting loudly.他大喊着从房间分阶段跑出来。(伴随状语) Looking at the mark, I decided to blow it. 看着这个污渍，我决定吹走它。 We throw snowballs at each other, screaming and laughing.我们互相扔雪球，尖叫着，笑着。 Compared with life on the Earth, life on Mars would be better in some ways.和地球上的生活相比，火星上的生活在某种程度上更好。 3. 作表语，此时分词已经相当于一个形容词。 The story is interesting. 这个故事很有趣。 The window is broken. 窗户破了。 3. 作宾语/ 主语补足语，一般用在see, hear, notice, feel, have等动词之后与宾语构成复合宾语。如： I saw a dog running across the street.我看见一只狗跑过街道。 I must have the bike repaired.我必须找人修理自行车。 He saw the robot making breakfast.他看见机器人正在做早饭。 He was last seen leaving his office in East Town at about 7 p.m. yesterday.昨天晚上七点钟，有人看见他正离开东镇的办公室。 不定式与分词都可跟在某些动词之后作宾语补足语。不定式作宾语补足语，表示动作发生的全过程（一般用于短暂性动词）或者多次发生；现在分词作宾语补足语，强调某个时刻动作正在发生；过去分词作宾语补足语，则重在表示被动的概念。 When they went into the park, they saw some boys playing football.当他们走进公园时，他们看见一些男孩在踢足球。（正在做） Do you often see then play football?你常看他们踢足球吗？（多次发生） I noticed him enter the teacher’s office just now. 我注意到刚才他进了老师的办公室。（全过程） He speaks loudly to make himself heard clearly.他大声说以便让别人听清他的话。（他的话被听） 巩固练习 1、 单项选择 1.----Do you have any plans for the holiday？ ----Yes， I' m planning to travel to Jiu zhaigou． I'm looking forward to _____the colourful lakes and amazing waterfalls． A．see B．seeing C．sees D．saw 2.I would be interested to see the pandas in the Wolong Panda Reserve, because it allows people ________ closer to them. A. get B. to get C. getting D. got 3. ________ my mother a surprise, I cooked a bowl of chicken noodle soup for her on her birthday. A. Give B. Giving C. To give D. Given 4 Our teacher often advises us ____ the habit of making notes while reading. A. to develop B. develop C. to developing D. developing 5. Encouraged by the Beijing Winter Olympics, many young people began to learn and practice ________. A. skate B. skated C. skating D. to skate 6. The little boy often sells flowers in the community to make money ________ his family. A. help B. to help C. helping D. helps 7. Miss Li advised the students who are weak in English ________ aloud every morning. A.read B. reading C. to read D. reads 8. —Timmy looks unhappy. Do you know why? —I was a bit rude just now. I now regret ________ those bad words. A. say B. said C. saying D. to say 9. In order to make an article organized, the first step is ________ a chart. A. make B. made C. to make D. to be made 10. Because of the wide spread of the virus Omicron, the government encourages people to stay indoors instead of going to any place ________ with crowds of people during holidays. A. mixed B. filled C. covered D. connected 11. The children were happy to see fresh fruit ________ with ice cream. A. to serve B. served C. serve D. serving 12. The chemicals that make swimming pool water safe can have unpleasant side effects (副作用). They need ________ at least once a week. A. check B. checked C. checking D. to check 13. ________ healthy, we’ve got used to washing hands before meals and using public chopsticks. A. Keeping B. Keep C. To keep D. To keeping 14. —Our school will invite Mr. Wang ________ us a talk on environmental protection next week. —That’s wonderful! A. give B. to give C. giving D. gave 15. Travellers can’t wait ________ their new tours in the coming holiday. A. to start B. starting C. started D. start 16. Science is my favourite subject, so I have prepared ________ the STEAM Club. A. join B. joining C. to join D. to joining 17. —Miss Li, can you tell me how to improve my writing skills? —Certainly. I advise you ________ a diary in English every day. A. to keep B. keeping C. kept D. keep 18. The high school invited a famous scientist _______ a talk on World Earth Day. A. giving B. to give C. give D. given 19. ________ the people locked inside, the firemen broke down the door. A. Reach B. To reach C. Reaching D. To reaching 20. We should have a healthy diet, proper exercise and enough sleep ________ fit. A. keeping B. to keep C. keep D. kept 21. —The way we thought of ________ the machine working is proved to be useful. —You are quite clever. A. to keep B. keeping C. kept D. keeps 22. How kind you are! You always do what you can_________ me. A. help B. helping C. to help D. helps 23. We should try our best to stop pollution __________a happy life. A. living B. from living C. to live D. live 24. —Would you mind me ________ the piano? —________. Do it as you like, please. A.to play; Good idea B. playing; Of course not C. playing; Of course D. play; All right 25---Why doesn’t the surgeon stop ____________ lunch? ---Because he is too busy __________ a dying patient in the operation room. A. to have; to save B. having; to save C. to have; saving D. having; saving 26.---A young man has just borrowed 5,000,000 yuan from a bank to buy a flat. ---That sounds crazy. He will risk ______ everything all at one time. A. lose B. losing C. to lose D. of losing 27.—Excuse me, can you explain the reason to me again? —Sorry, I know what I want to say but I have difficulty ______ myself clearly. A. express B. to express C. expressing D. to be expressed 28.When you travel abroad, you can hardly avoid products made in China. A. to buy B. buy C. buying D. be bought 29. ---- Would you like to play table tennis with me? ---- I don’t feel like it. I would rather __________ at home and watch TV. A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed 30. ----I hope to take the DIY course at weekends. ----Good idea. ______ more about it, visit the website. A. Know B. Knew C. Knowing D. To know 31 . The ORBIS doctors did everything the girl with eye problems. A. save B. saved C. to save D. saving 32.—Would you like ____ or shall we go by bus? — I prefer ___, but we have to take a taxi, for time is short. A. walking; to walk B. to walk; walking C. to walk; to walk D. walk; walk 33.Tony used to to school, but he is used to to school now. A. walk; taking a bus B. walked; take a bus C. walk; take a bus D. walking; to take a bus 34.The boy is often heard in the music room. He sings very well. A. practice singing B. to practice singing C. practiced singing D. practicing singing 35.Tom often makes his brother __but yesterday he was made____ by his brother. A. cry; to cry B. to cry; cry C. cry; cry D. to cry; to cry 二、词汇 1. It’s popular ____________ (hire) a boat and row on the Xuanwu Lake. 2. Tony’s sister enjoys ____________(listen) to music and she often goes to concerts. 3. Ahead of the 2024 Summer Olympics, the local government is making plans ______________ (build) a car-free zone in Paris. 4. I’m sorry we have only one room left at present. Do you mind _____________ (share) it with Jenny? 5. Most people have no difficulty _______________ (see) why a Van Gogh is a work of genius. 6. During the game, the coach Shui Qingxia kept encouraging her team _________ (have) more confidence. 7. ________ (keep) trying and encouraging yourself if you want to pass the exam. 8. Amazing China wins high praise from the public. I think the documentary is well worth ______________ (watch). 9. —Why not consider ( buy)some flowers for your mother on her birthday? —Good idea. 10. Since it is going to rain, we had better _____________ (not go) for a picnic today. 11. _____________ (build) a shared future for all life on Earth, China has put a lot of effort into protecting plants and animals. 12. Welcome to Nanjing! We are looking forward to ____________ (show) you around our city! 13. My uncle is interested in nothing except ____________ (write). 14. Tsinghua University will ask the students (learn) swimming and will organize a swimming test for all new students in September. 15. The firemen had no choice but __________ (break) the window. 16. Our country has made laws ___________ (protect) biodiversity(生物多样性) of the Yangtze River. 17. Remember to wash hands often and be sure ______________ (wear) masks correctly. 18. Don’t give up ___________ (try. I’m sure you will succeed. 19. It seems that families are _____________ more and more time together. (spend) 20. I was impressed that they had risked (lose) their lives to create a new China. 21. — Lily, I have difficulty __________ (read) comic strips in English. — Don’t worry. Let’s read some together. 22. Sorry, hamburgers in our shop have been sold out. Do you mind ____________ (取消) your order? 23. At that time, his dream was to go to college and find a job (support) his family. 24. Gu Ailing has a gift for _____________ (ski) and won high praise in Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games. 25. What great fun we had _______________ (chat) with each other at lunchtime! 26. What great fun it is ______________ (play) football on the beach with my friends! 27. Look! There is a wallet _____________(lie) on the ground. 28. Look! That’s a book _______________(write) by the famous writer, Jin Yong. 29. Look! Here _____________(come) Daniel. 30. Look! A lot of students _______________(clean) the classroom. 31. Look! Who _______________ (clean) the classroom? It’s so clean. 32. Look! She ___________(have) a new dictionary in her hand. 33. Look! The White family _______________(have) lunch at home. 34. There are many attractions ____________( visit) in Beijing. 35. We should prevent people ________________(pollute) the environment. 36. We should prevent pollution (make )a better world. 37. What should we pay attention to _____________(prevent) noise pollution? 38. Why do we pay attention to _____________(prevent) pollution? 39. To make yourself ____________(hear), you should speak louder. 40. If the computer ____________(connect) to the network, you can surf on the Internet.’ 41. The government will build a new high-speed railway ______________( connect) Nanjing to Shanghai. 42. We should do our best to prevent the environment _______________(pollute). 答案： 一、 1-5 BBCAC 6-10 BCCCB 11-15 BCCBA 16-20 CABBB 21-25 ACCBC 26-30 BCCAD 31-35 CCABA 二、 1. to hire 2.listening 3.to build 4.sharing 5.seeing 6.to have 7.Keep 8.watching 9.buying 10.not go 11.To build 12.showing 13.writing 14.to learn 15.to break 16.to protect 17.to wear 18.trying 19.spending 20.losing 21.reading 22.cancelling 23.to support 24.skiing 25.chatting 26.to play 27.lying 28.written 29.comes 30.are cleaning 31.has cleaned 32.has 33.are having 34.to visit 35.polluting 36.to make 37.to protect 38.preventing 39.heard 40.is connected 41.connecting 42.being polluted 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $