Unit 5 Period 3 Learning About Language 语法精析课（教用Word）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第三册高中同步学案（人教版）
Period 3 Learning About Language 语法精析课
素养目标 | 1.Discover and understand the meaning and structure of Attributive clauses introduced by relative pronouns and adverbs. 2．Try to grasp how they are used in some important sentence patterns. 3．Attempt to tell the difference between the relative pronouns and adverbs. 4．Learn to use them correctly in the following exercises. |
Activity 1 读句感悟
阅读下列句子，认真感悟加黑部分，并完成方框下的小题。
(1)There are various reasons why people compose poetry.
(2)Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes.
(3)One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”，which contains a list of things，people，ideas，or descriptions that develop a particular theme.
(4)List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.
(5)Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain，which is made up of five lines.
(6)Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables.
(7)The haiku poem on the right is a translation from Japanese，which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly.
1．在上述句子中，句(1)、(2)、(4)，句(5)的第一处加黑部分和句(6)是限制性定语从句；句(3)的加黑部分和句(5)的第二处加黑部分以及句(7)是非限制性定语从句。
2．句(2)中省略了定语从句的关系词。
3．句(1)中是关系副词引导定语从句；句(3)、(4)、(5)、(6)、(7)都是关系代词引导定语从句。
Activity 2 语法精析
在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose，as等；关系副词有when，where，why。
一、关系代词的用法
who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省
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略；which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略；that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which；在定语从句中that作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略；whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。
The person that/who tricked me was one of my classmates.
骗我的那个人是我的一个同学。
The old man (that/whom) the girl had tricked was my grandfather.
女孩欺骗的那位老人是我的爷爷。
The gold medal (that/which) she won has been given to her old school.
她曾经赢得的那块金牌已经被她送给母校了。
The woman (that/whom) I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.
我在报纸上读到的那位女士刚刚赢得了一枚金牌。
This is the person whose story surprised everybody.
就是这个人的故事让所有人吃了一惊。
[温馨提示]
1．宜用that不宜用which的情况
(1)当先行词是all，little，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，some等不定代词时。
All that can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已经做完了。
(2)当先行词被all，every，some，any，little，much，the only，the very(恰恰，就是)，the right，the last，just等修饰时。
Music is the only thing that interests me.
音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。
(3)当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.
这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。
(4)当先行词中既有人又有物时。
She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.
她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。
2．宜用which不宜用that的情况
(1)关系代词前有介词时。
The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.
我过去住的房子现在变成了一家鞋店。
(2)在非限制性定语从句中。
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Have you ever read the book，which was written by a young girl?
你曾读过这本由一个年轻女孩写的书吗？
3．宜用who不宜用that的情况
(1)当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如：one，ones，anyone等。
Anyone who does that must be mad.
谁那样做一定是疯了。
(2)当先行词是人称代词I，you，he，they等时(常用于谚语中)。
He who doesn't reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
不到长城非好汉。
(3)当先行词为指人的those时。
Those who have good manners will be highly respected.
那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。
(4)在there be结构中，先行词指人时。
There is a young man who wants to see you.
有一个年轻人想见你。
4．whose指物时，常用下列结构来代替
The classroom whose door is broken can hold 40 students.
＝The classroom the door of which is broken can hold 40 students.
＝The classroom of which the door is broken can hold 40 students.
那间被弄坏了门的教室能容纳40个学生。
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词的指代及功能
关系副词 | 先行词 | 功能 |
when | 表示时间的名词 | 时间状语 |
where | 表示地点的名词 | 地点状语 |
why | reason | 原因状语 |
I still remember the time when I first traveled by plane.
我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。
I'd like to live in the house where there is plenty of sunshine.
我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。
Can you tell me the reason why you didn't come to his birthday party?
你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？
[温馨提示]
若先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，
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