Unit 3 课时作业(12) Period 4 Using Language (Ⅰ) 要点内化课（Word练习）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第三册高中同步学案（人教版）

课时作业(十二) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Forty-nine years ago, on April 22,1970, twenty million Americans took to the streets to voice their concern about the deteriorating environment.The movement led to Earth Day. Unfortunately, our planet is in worse shape now than it was when Earth Day was first celebrated.The good news is that it's still not too late to reverse (转变) climate change if we all do our part.This Earth Day, take the first step towards helping our planet by participating in one of these fun activities. NASA is putting our planet up for adoption so you and your friend can claim a portion of the planet as your own.The space agency has divided the globe into 64,000 sections, each about 55 miles wide.All you have to do is type your name into NASA’s“Adopt the Planet”site to claim a certificate that will give you the location of your slice of paradise (天堂) complete with details of its environment.NASA hopes that this exercise will stimulate interest and care in our planet. Search giant Google is also trying to engage the public with an updated Google Earth focused around Earth Day events.Through a new Voyager feature, users will be able to discover stories from around the world, learn about new places by reading“Knowledge Cards”and send postcards. If you happen to be anywhere near the nation's capital on April 22, join the millions that are expected to participate in the Earth Day March at the National Mall.The mission of the event that will feature guest speakers and musical performances is to mobilize (动员) citizens into taking action by promoting this year's Earth Day theme: climate and environmental science literacy. While participating in the above-mentioned activities is a great idea, it is just the beginning.All that is required are small lifestyle changes.Planting a tree or two, going meatless just one day a week, or switching your plastic water bottle for a reusable one will go a long way to help reverse the damage we have caused. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些庆祝“地球日”的有趣活动，号召人们从小事做起，采取行动保护环境。 1．The underlined word“deteriorating”is the closest in meaning to ________ . A．cleaner　　　　 B．better C．worse D．colder C　词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Forty-nine years ago, on April 22,1970, twenty million Americans took to the streets to voice their concern about the deteriorating environment.(49年前的1970年4月22日，2000万美国人走上街头，表达他们对deteriorating environment的担忧)”及第二段中的“Unfortunately, our planet is in worse shape now than it was when Earth Day was first celebrated.(不幸的是，我们的星球现在的状况比第一次庆祝地球日时更糟)”可知，2000万美国人走上街头，表达他们对不断恶化的环境的担忧。由此推知，划线词deteriorating表示“恶化，变差”之意，与worse意思接近。故选C。 2．If you participate in the activity of“Adopt the Planet”， you will be probably provided with your slice's information about _____ . A．air quality B．ancient history C．local customs D．tourist attractions A　推理判断题。根据第三段中“All you have to do is type your name into NASA’s“Adopt the Planet”site to claim a certificate that will give you the location of your slice of paradise (天堂) complete with details of its environment.(你所要做的就是在NASA的“领养地球”网站上输入你的名字，就可以获得一张证书，上面会告诉你你所在的那片天堂的位置，以及它的环境细节)”可推知，如果你参加了“领养地球”活动，你可能会得到你所在区域的环境细节，包括空气质量。故选A。 3．Through Voyager on Google Earth, what can users do? A．They can create“Knowledge Cards”online. B．They can discover stories from around the world. C．They can receive postcards coming from Google. D．They can adopt a slice of paradise in the world. B　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Through a new Voyager feature, users will be able to discover stories from around the world, learn about new places by reading“Knowledge Cards”and send postcards.(通过旅行者的新功能，用户将能够发现来自世界各地的故事，通过阅读“知识卡片”了解新的地方，并发送明信片)”可知，通过谷歌Earth上的旅行者号，用户可以发现来自世界各地的故事。故选B。 4．In the last paragraph, the writer calls on people to ________. A．dream big B．fly high C．go meatless D．start small D　推理判断题。根据最后一段“While participating in the above-mentioned activities is a great idea, it is just the beginning.All that is required are small lifestyle changes.(虽然参加上述活动是一个伟大的想法，但这只是开始。所需要的只是生活方式的小小改变)”可知，作者在此号召人们从现在开始行动起来，从小事做起。故选D。 B The over 48,000 orange trees that are distributed at all corners of Seville, Spain, not only fill the city's air with the pleasant smell of their flowers in spring, they also produce over 16, 500 tons of fruit every winter.Though that makes the city Europe's top orange-producing city, the fruit is too sour to be consumed fresh.While some of the produce is used to make orange juice, most of it ends up in Seville's landfills.However, that may change soon thanks to a creative idea to use the oranges to produce clean energy. In the pilot program, juice from 38.6 tons of oranges will be left to ferment (发酵)in an existing biogas facility.The juice is fructose (果糖)made up of very short carbon chains, and the energetic performance of these carbon chains during the fermentation process is particularly high.The gas released from the fermented liquid will be used to drive a generator to produce clean power.The officials estimate the test run will generate about 1,500 kWh of energy—enough to run a water purification plant.“It's not just about saving money.The oranges are a problem for the city, and we're producing added value from waste，M said Benigno Lopez, the head of Emasesa's environmental department. If successful, by 2023, the city hopes to recycle all the oranges and add the electricity generated back to its grid (电网)．In trial runs, 1,000 kilos (2,200 pounds) of oranges produced 50 kWh of clean energy—enough to meet the daily electricity needs of five homes.The project team estimates that if all the fruit is recycled, it will produce enough energy to power as many as 73,000 residences. The latest effort is among the many programs _implemented in Spain to achieve the country's goal of switching its electricity system to renewable sources by 2050—and if everything goes according to plan, fully decarbonizing its economy shortly after that. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了西班牙城市塞维利亚利用产量过剩的橘子来发电，并期待利用这一手段推动低碳环保进程。 5．What problem does Seville face? A．It is short of energy. B．Most oranges are wasted. C．Fruit production is falling. D．Trees take up much space. B　推理判断题。根据第一段中“most of it ends up in Seville's landfills(大多数的橘子都被扔进了垃圾填埋厂)”和第二段中“The oranges are a problem for the city, and we're producing added value from waste.(橘子对于这个城市来说是个问题，正在变废为宝)”可知，大多数的橘子都被扔进了垃圾填埋厂，由此可知很多橘子都被浪费了，故选B。 6．What's the final product of the fermentation process? A．Fructose. B．Carbon chains. C．Clean power. D．Gas. D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“The gas released from the fermented liquid will be used to drive a generator to produce clean power.(液体发酵产生的气体可以被用来驱动发电机生产干净的能源)”可知，发酵的最终产物是气体，该气体可以用来驱动发电机。故选D。 7．What does the underlined word “implemented” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Conducted. B．Assumed. C．Popularized. D．Completed. A　词义猜测题。分析本句“The latest effort is among the many programs implemented in Spain to achieve the country's goal of switching its electricity system to renewable sources by 2050”(最新的努力是西班牙implemented许多项目中的一个，目的是实现该国到2050年将电力系统转换为可再生能源的目标)可知，为了实现2050年把电力转化为可再生能源的目标需要实施一个项目。划线词为programs的后置定语，由此推知划线词的意思是“实施的”，与conducted同义。故选A。 8．What is the author's main purpose in writing the text? A．To prove a theory. B．To raise a problem. C．To introduce a project. D．To comment on an idea. C　推理判断题。根据短文的主要内容，尤其第一段最后一句“However, that may change soon thanks to a creative idea to use the oranges to produce clean energy”(然而，由于一个富有创造性的想法——用这些橘子来生产干净的能源——这种情况很快就会改变)可知，本文主要介绍了西班牙城市塞维利亚利用产量过剩的橘子来发电，并期待利用这一手段推动低碳环保进程。因此，作者写本文的目的是介绍一个变废为宝、生产清洁能源的项目，故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五 Nowadays, it sounds difficult to stick to a vegan diet, especially with many popular dishes containing meat or other animal products. __1__ According to Huffpost, more than 1 million people in the United States are vegans.In the UK, about 542,000 people have chosen veganism over the past decade. __2__ One reason may be that people want to protect the environment.Producing meat and dairy products is known to be stressful for the environment.According to BBC News, another reason is that many of today's young people believe it wrong to kill animals for food. What is veganism on earth? For many people, veganism simply means eating no meat，cheese or eggs. __3__ For example, leather is used to make shoes and clothing.Every year more than a billion animals, from cows to horses to snakes, are killed to make leather products from their skins. __4__ The sports brand Puma, for example, has made shoes out of pineapple leaves.Tesla, the US car maker, is said to be removing animal-based leather from its seats. Are you interested in protecting animals and saving the environment? __5__ A．So what drives this growth in veganism? B．If so, you might want to give veganism a try. C．Humans do not need to eat animals to survive. D．Recently many brands are looking for other materials. E．Yet in recent years, veganism has become a popular lifestyle. F．But going animal—free also applies to fashion and manufacturing. G．So you may want to think it through before deciding to be a vegan. 【语篇解读】　本文是说明文，介绍了素食主义的发展近况，分析了其产生原因，并在文末号召人们保护动物和我们的环境。 1．E　上文“it sounds difficult to stick to a vegan die”(坚持吃素听起来很难)和下文“more than 1 million people in the United States are vegans.In the UK, about 542,000 people have chosen veganism over the past decade.”(在美国有一百多万人是素食主义者。在英国，在过去的十年中，约有54.2万人选择了素食主义。)有转折关系。E项“Yet in recent years, veganism has become a popular lifestyle.”(然而近年来，素食主义已经成为一种流行的生活方式。)承上启下，句中become a popular lifestyle与下文英、美很多人选择素食主义形成照应。故选E项。 2．A　根据下文“One reason may be...According to BBC News, another reason is that...”(一个原因是……据BBC新闻报道，另一个原因是……)可知本段是分析素食主义成为一种流行的生活方式的原因。A项“So what drives this growth in veganism？”(那么，是什么推动了素食主义的流行呢？)以设问引出本段主题，总领全段。故选A项。 3．F　根据下文“For example, leather is used to make shoes and clothing... _________ The sports brand Puma, for example, has made shoes out of pineapple leaves...”(例如，皮革被用来制作鞋子和衣服……运动品牌Puma就用菠萝叶做鞋……)可知是前后句有举例说明的关系，且举例说明的是“皮革被菠萝叶取代来制作鞋子”。 F项“But going animal-free also applies to fashion and manufacturing.”(但是，不使用动物也适用于时尚和制造业。)正是在说素食主义观念影响了时尚和制造业，下文正是对其举例论证。故选F项。 4．D　根据下文“The sports brand Puma, for example, has made shoes out of pineapple leaves.Tesla, the US car maker, is said to be removing animal-based leather from its seats.”(例如，运动品牌Puma就用菠萝叶做鞋。据说，美国汽车制造商Tesla将从座椅上去除动物皮革)中for example可知是该句与前文有举例说明关系，结合句意可知它正是对D项“Recently many brands are looking for other materials.”(最近很多品牌都在寻找其他材料。)的举例说明。故选D项。 5．B　设空前一个设问“Are you interested in protecting animals and saving the environment？”(你对保护动物和拯救环境感兴趣吗？)，B项“If so, you might want to give veganism a try.”(如果是这样，你可能想要尝试素食主义。)作出回答，其中If so(如果有)与问题内容照应。故选B项。 Ⅲ.语法填空 The United Nations want everyone to know that the world is in danger.They hope that the governments will act __1__ (quick) in order to conserve nature.Here is one example of the problem.At one time there were 1300 different plants, trees and flowers in Holland, __2__ now only 860 remain.The others have been destroyed by modern man and his technology.We are changing the earth, the air and the water, and everything __3__ grows and lives.We can't live __4__ these things.If we continue __5__ (treat) the earth like this, we shall destroy __6__ (us)． What will happen in the future? Perhaps it is more __7__ (significance) to ask“What must we do now？”The people who will be living in the world of tomorrow are the young of today.A lot of them know that __8__ (conserve) is necessary.Many are hoping to save our world.They plant trees, build bridges across rivers in forests and so on.Lately in a small town in the United States the banks of eleven kilometres of a river __9__ (clean) by a large group of girls.Young people may hear something about protecting the earth through a record __10__ (call)“No, One's Going to Change our World”， which was made by Scatles, Cliff Richard and other singers.The money from it will help to conserve wild animals. 【语篇解读】　本文属于议论文。首先引入话题，联合国希望每个人都意识到我们的世界处于危险之中，人类的活动严重影响了地球的动植物生存环境，因此必须要马上做一些事情来保护环境。 1．quickly　考查副词。句意：他们希望政府能够快速行动为了保护自然。修饰动词act用副词，故用quickly。 2．but　考查连词。句意：曾经在荷兰有1 300种植物、数目以及花朵，但是现在只有860种。根据前文的“1300 different plants, trees and flowers”以及后文的“860”可知，前后句属于转折关系，故用连词but。 3．that　考查定语从句。句意：我们正在改变地球、空气以及水源，以及生长和生活在地球上的每一种生物。本句为修饰everything的定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，故只能用that。 4．without　考查介词。句意：没有这些东西的话，我们无法生存。根据句子结构可知，本句缺乏介词，根据句意可知，强调生物的重要性，故用介词without。 5．to treat或treating　考查动词不定式或者动名词。句意：如果我们继续这样对待地球，我们将毁灭我们自己。continue的搭配为continue to do sth.或者continue doing sth.继续做某事，故用to treat或者treating。 6．ourselves　考查反身代词。句意：如果我们继续这样对待地球，我们将毁灭我们自己。分析句子可知，本句缺乏destroy的宾语，由于与主语人称一致，故用反身代词ourselves。 7．significant　考查形容词。句意：也许问这样的问题“我们现在必须做什么？”更有意义。be动词之后接形容词作表语，故用significant。 8．conservation　考查名词。句意：他们很多人都知道保护是有必要的。分析句子可知，本句缺乏主语，故用名词conservation。 9．were cleaned　考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：最近在美国的一个小镇，一条长11千米的河流的两岸被一大群女孩打扫干净。根据本句lately可知，本句描述过去的事情，故用一般过去时，clean与banks构成动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态were cleaned。 10．called　考查过去分词。句意：年轻人可能听过关于保护地球的一支歌曲，被叫做“不，有人要改变世界了”。分析句子可知，本句谓语为may hear，故call作后置定语修饰record，与其属于动宾关系，故用过去分词形式called。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $