Unit 3 课时作业(11) Period 3 Learning About Language 语法精析课（Word练习）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第三册高中同步学案（人教版）

课时作业(十一) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A NEW YORK (Reuters)—Global warming has cut about $5 billion worth of value from the world's most commonly grown grains over 20 years，according to a new study. Warming temperatures from 1981 to 2002 cut the combined production of wheat，corn and other crops by 40 million tons per year.“Contrary to what most people think，this study shows that warming over the past two decades has already affected global food supply.The effect is not a faraway thing，”said Christopher Field，a co-author on the study，the first to estimate how much global food production has already been affected by climate change. Not every scientist agrees that agriculture is suffering from warmer temperatures.A UN report said warming is expected to turn the planet a bit greener by encouraging plant growth，but crops and forests may wilt beyond mid-century if temperatures keep rising. Average global production for several of the crops suffered from warmer temperatures，with production dropping by about 3—5% for every 1°F increase，the study said.Average global temperatures increased by about 0.7°F during the study period，with even larger changes in several regions. “If the past is an indication，agriculture will also suffer going forward，”Field said，“We expect future warming to continue to be a drag on grain production，like driving with the parking brake engaged.”The study said the cereal crops hit by global warming account for 55% of non-meat categories consumed by humans and that they also contribute more than 70% of the world's animal feed. “Farmers can adapt to warmer temperatures by changing crop planting times，the varieties they grow，or the locations used for each crop，”Field said，“In the past farmers have been very adaptable to environmental challenges，but adaptation to warming can take years.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。根据新研究可知， 20年来， 全球变暖导致了世界最普遍种植的谷物减产50亿市值的产量。 1．It is commonly thought that global warming ________. A．will have a bad effect on human beings' present life B．is something that will just affect the future C．is becoming more and more serious D．will soon lead to great decrease in food supply B　推理判断题。根据第二段“Contrary to what most people think...The effect is not a faraway thing”得知， 和多数人认为的相反， 研究表明过去二十年的全球变暖已经影响了全球食物的供应， 这个影响并不是遥远的事情， 可知大家普遍认为全球变暖影响只是未来的事情。故选B。 2．The underlined word“wilt”in the third paragraph probably means“ ________ ”． A．increase　　　　 　 B．grow taller C．stay the same D．grow badly D　词义猜测题。根据第三段Not every scientist agrees that...keep rising.得知， 并不是每个科学家都同意农业遭受气候影响， 联合国的一份报告说， 通过鼓励植物生长， 预计变暖将使地球变得更加绿色， 但是如果气温持续上升， 本世纪中期后， 庄稼和森林会生长得非常糟糕。but表示前后转折， 前面说让地球更绿色， 这是好处， 后面应该表示给庄稼和森林带来不好的影响， 可以得知画线词是长得糟， 故选D。 3．What can we learn from Field's words? A．Agriculture will not suffer a lot from global warming. B．Grain production will increase despite global warming. C．Grain production will be affected by global warming. D．Farmers can increase crop production by changing crop planting times. C　细节理解题。根据第五段Field said，“We expect future warming to continue to be a drag on grain production”菲尔德的话得知， 未来全球变暖会持续影响谷物的产量。故选C。 4．What does this passage mainly tell us? A．The future food supply will change with global warming. B．Global warming reduces global food production. C．Traditional agriculture will disappear due to global warming. D．Global warming prevents the growth of plants and grains. B　主旨大意题。根据第一段Global warming has cut about $5 billion...a new study.根据新研究得知， 20年来， 全球变暖导致了世界最普遍种植的谷物减产50亿市值的产量。故选B。 B Climate change will increase US wildfires, and the smoky air will cause terrible problems in areas far beyond those burned, reports an environmental group Thursday. Two-thirds of Americans, or nearly 212 million, lived in states suffering from wildfire smoke three years ago, according to the report by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC)．These areas, which had smoke for at least a week, were nearly 50 times greater than those burned directly by fire. “It affects a much wide area of the United States than people have realized，”says author Kim Knowlton, a Columbia University health professor, adding the smoke can move up to hundreds of miles.She says the smoke contains air pollution and can cause several kinds of diseases. Texas was hit hardest in 2011, when smoke stayed for at least a week in areas that are home to 25 million people, according to NRDC’s report.Illinois, which recorded no wildfires within its borders，came second with nearly 12 million people affected by smoke that moved in from elsewhere.The other eight states with the most people in touch with smoky air were, in descending order: Florida, Missouri，Georgia，Louisiana，Michigan，Alabama，Oklahoma and Iowa. Nearly two dozen states had no wildfires within their borders in 2011, but eight of them still had at least one week of smoky air：Illinois，Missouri，Iowa，Kansas，Nebraska，Indiana，Wisconsin and Ohio. Only 18 states and the District of Columbia had no people in touch with at least a week of smoke that year，although five of them—Alaska，California，Hawaii，Nevada and Utah—had a large area burned by wildfires. The problem will only get worse.Knowlton says.Scientific research shows climate is causing higher temperatures and health problems. 【语篇解读】　本文为说明文。本文通过列举美国环保组织及自然资源保护委员会对野火及其烟雾的数据记录， 向人们表明野火产生的烟雾会导致严重的健康问题。 5．We can learn from the first two paragraphs that ________. A．climate change killed many Americans B．there are fewer states burned by wildfires C．every state had wildfire smoke for at least a week D．most Americans suffered from wildfire smoke 3 years ago D　推理判断题。根据前两段的描述可知， 气候变化增加了美国野火的爆发， 致使三分之二的美国人受到了野火产生的烟雾的影响(Two-thirds of Americans，or nearly 212 million，lived in states suffering from wildfire smoke three years ago)。由此可知， 从前两段我们可以了解到， 三年前， 大多数美国人都遭受过野火产生的烟雾。故选D。 6．Which of the following states had wildfires within its borders in 2011? A．Iowa. B．Kansas. C．Ohio. D．California. D　细节理解题。根据第五段列举的地方可知， Iowa, Kansas, Ohio属于2011年边境内没有野火， 但至少有一周的烟雾空气的八个州中的三个； 根据第六段列举的地方可知， California属于境内有大面积野火发生的五个州之一。故选D。 7．The underlined word“descending”in the fourth paragraph probably means ______. A．going down B．coming true C．looking practical D．turning back A　词义猜测题。根据第四段中的Texas was hit hardest in 2011...Illinois，which recorded no wildfires within its borders，came second...The other eight states with the most people in touch with smoky air were，in descending order...可推断出， 本段列举的地方是从受影响最严重到受影响较小排列的， 即按照降序排列。由此可知， descending应为“下降的”。故选A。 8．What is the text mainly about? A．Climate change causes more wildfires. B．Wildfire smoke becomes a serious health problem. C．More wildfires cause climate change. D．Air pollution becomes a terrible problem. B　主旨大意题。通读全文可知， 本文通过列举美国环保组织及自然资源保护委员会对野火及其烟雾的数据记录， 向人们表明野火产生的烟雾会导致严重的健康问题。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五 Is Fresh Air Really Good for You? We all grow up hearing people tell us to“go out and get some fresh air”. __1__ According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good. __2__ If the air you're breathing is clean—which it would be if you're away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life—giving，energizing oxygen.If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain. Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing. __3__ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood.Greenery is good for us.Hospital patients who see tree branches out their windows are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. __4__ It gives us a great feeling of peace. __5__ While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin，they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside.It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working，and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D． A．Fresh air cleans our lungs. B．So what are you waiting for? C．Being in nature refreshes us. D．Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. E．But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? F．Just as importantly，we tend to associate air with health care. G．All across the country，recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新鲜空气对人体的各种好处。 1．E　根据下一句中的“the answer is a big YES”可知， 该空应该是一个一般疑问句， 选项中只有E选项是一般疑问句。E项“但是新鲜空气真的像你母亲说的那样对你有好处吗？”承上启下， 故选E。空前的people tell us to“go out and get some fresh air”和选项中的“your mother always said”亦是呼应。 2．A　根据下一句中提到的“If the air you're breathing is clean...the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen”可知， 新鲜空气充满赋予人生命的， 充满活力的氧气。根据前面的分析可以推知， 该空应该提到新鲜空气的基本作用， 根据常识， 我们知道吸入的空气首先进入的是肺部， 然后才会使我们的肌肉和大脑受益， 故该空应选A项“新鲜空气清洁我们的肺部”。 3．G　根据下一句中提到的“these places”可以推知， 该空应该提到表示地点的复数名词。选项中只有G选项提到该类名词， 故G项“在全国， 康复中心已经开始建造‘康复花园’。”these places就是指Healing Gardens。 4．C　前文介绍的是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的好的作用： 看绿色的正在成长的植物可以减轻压力， 降低血压， 使人情绪良好； 空后提到“它给我们一种平和感”。该空起承上启下的作用， 仍然要提到处于“康复花园”这种自然环境中的好处， 空后的it也要指代这种情况。故选C项“身处大自然可以使人精神焕发”。 5．D　根据下文中提到的“the sun's rays...give us beneficial Vitamin D”可知， 该段介绍阳光的好处。故该选项应该提到阳光。选项中只有D选项涉及阳光。故选D项“获得新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光。” Ⅲ.完形填空 Gone are the days when big businesses were looked upon by environmentalists as enemies in the fight against global warming. Just two weeks after U．S.President Donald Trump pulled his country out of the Paris Climate Agreement, more than 900 American firms put their __1__ to a“We Are Still In”open letter to the United Nations.Together, they promise to help reduce America's carbon emissions by 26 percent by 2025, __2__ the Paris Climate Agreement. __3__,_big businesses have been taking climate change seriously for years now.Alongside energy-efficiency measures, the strongest evidence of their __4__ has been the number of new wind and solar projects that they have been helping to build around the world.IT firms such as Amazon and Google have been using clean energy to power their servers(服务器)．Some environmentalists now believe that big businesses could become strong __5__ behind the worldwide spread of renewable energy.“There used to be little action，”says Marty Spitzer of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF)，“Now, I see fundamental __6__ being made.” More recently，this enthusiasm for environmental protection has __7__ from corporate headquarters to branches and suppliers, and from developed countries to emerging markets.Take Walmart, the world's largest retailer, for example.In March 2016, it said that it would require its own operations and those along its __8__ chain to reduce carbon—dioxide emissions by one billion tons by 2030.This is __9__ to taking 211 million passenger cars off America's roads for a year.The announcement was __10__ by the WWF and other conservation organizations, which are helping Walmart's suppliers work towards this goal.Apple, maker of the iPhone, has said that seven of its biggest global manufacturers have promised to power their Apple-related __11__ with renewable energy by the end of this year. According to the WWF, in the United States alone, nearly two dozen of the biggest firms have committed themselves to becoming 100 percent renewable in the near future.Hervé Touati of the Rocky Mountain Institute, a clean-energy research firm, explains the __12__ behind this trend.Going green improves the companies' public image and helps attract customers, staff and investors. Anheuser-Busch InBev, the world's biggest brewer(啤酒公司), has lots of young people among its many __13__.Many of them take environmental issues seriously.Electricity, used __14__ in the brewing process, amounts to a tenth of its total costs.Last year, the company set out to increase the role of renewables in generating __15__ to 100 percent by 2025.“My generation often takes energy and clean air for granted，”said Tony Milikin, the firm's chief sustainability officer，“The generation coming up now looks at it totally differently.” 【语篇解读】　这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了现在许多大企业转变了角色，发生了根本性的变化。由从前加速全球变暖，到现在采用节能和可再生能源等措施改善环境，认真对待气候变化的问题。 1．A.posters　　　　　 B．innovations C．names D．donations C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在美国总统唐纳德·特朗普退出巴黎气候协议两周后，900多家美国公司向联合国签名和提交了一封题为“我们还在”的公开信。A.posters海报；B.innovations创新；C.names名字；D.donations捐赠。根据“to a“We Are Still In”open letter to the United Nations”可知900多家美国公司签名了“我们还在”这封公开信。故选C。 2．A.for fear of B．by means of C．in line with D．on account of C　考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：他们共同承诺到2025年帮助美国减少26%的碳排放，符合《巴黎气候协定》。A.for fear of为了避免，以免；B.by means of借助于，依靠；C.in line with符合，与……一致；D.on account of由于，因为。根据“the Paris Climate Agreement”可知他们的共同承诺符合《巴黎气候协定》。故选C。 3．A.In fact B．On average C．By contrast D．In addition A　考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：事实上，大企业多年来一直在认真对待气候变化问题。A.In fact事实上；B.On average平均，通常；C.By contrast对比，相比之下；D.In addition另外，此外。根据“big businesses have been taking climate change seriously for years now”可知是一个事实。故选A。 4．A.assessment B．commitment C．argument D．attachment B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了节能措施之外，他们在世界各地帮助建设的新风能和太阳能项目的数量，也是证明他们承诺的最有力证据。A.assessment评价，鉴定；B.commitment承诺，保证；C.argument争吵，论据；D.attachment附件，依恋。根据上文“Together, they promise to help reduce America's carbon emissions by 26 percent by 2025”可知是证明他们承诺的最有力证据。故选B。 5．A.predictors B．features C．cases D．forces D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些环保人士现在认为，大企业可能成为全球推广可再生能源的强大力量。A.predictors预报器；B.features特征，产品特点；C.cases情况，案例；D.forces力量，势力。根据上文“IT firms such as Amazon and Google have been using clean energy to power their servers(服务器)．”可知大企业可能成为全球推广可再生能源的强大力量。故选D。 6．A.changes B．profits C．mistakes D．differences A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：世界野生动物基金会的马蒂·斯皮策(Marty Spitzer)说：“过去几乎没有什么行动，但现在，我看到了根本性的变化。”A.changes变化，改变；B.profits收益；C.mistakes错误；D.differences差异，偏差。根据“There used to be little action”和“Now”可知现在他看到了根本性的变化。故选A。 7．A.transferred B．ranged C．processed D．extended D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近，这种环保热情已经从企业总部扩展到分支机构和供应商，从发达国家扩展到新兴市场。A.transferred转移；B.ranged变化，包括；C.processed加工，审核；D.extended延长，扩充。根据“from corporate headquarters to branches and suppliers, and from developed countries to emerging markets”可知这种环保热情已经从企业总部扩展到分支机构和供应商，从发达国家扩展到新兴市场。故选D。 8．A.food B．store C．supply D．data C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：2016年3月，该公司表示，到2030年，它将要求自己的业务和供应链沿线的业务减少10亿吨二氧化碳排放。A.food食物；B.store商店；C.supply供应；D.data数据。根据上文“from corporate headquarters to branches and suppliers”可知该公司表示，到2030年，它将要求自己的业务和供应链沿线的业务减少10亿吨二氧化碳排放。故选C。 9．A.opposite B．equivalent C．accustomed D．second B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这相当于美国公路上的2.11亿辆乘用车减少了一年。A.opposite对立的，相反的；B.equivalent相等的，等价的；C.accustomed习惯的；D.second第二的。根据“to taking 211 million passenger cars off America's roads for a year”和上文“to reduce carbon-dioxide emissions by one billion tons by 2030”可知这相当于美国公路上的2.11亿辆乘用车减少了一年。短语be equivalent to“等(同)于，相等(当)于……”。故选B。 10．A.criticized B．issued C．welcomed D．underlined C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：该声明受到了世界自然基金会和其他环保组织的欢迎，它们正在帮助沃尔玛的供应商实现这一目标。A.criticized批评；B.issued发布；C.welcomed欢迎；D.underlined在……下划线，强调。根据“which are helping Walmart's suppliers work towards this goal”可知该声明受到了世界自然基金会和其他环保组织的欢迎。故选C。 11．A.content B．accounts C．activities D．production D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：iPhone制造商苹果(Apple)表示，其全球最大的七家制造商已承诺在今年年底前，用可再生能源为与苹果相关的生产提供动力。A.content内容；B.accounts账目，账号；C.activities活动；D.production产品，成果。根据“Apple, maker of the iPhone, has said that...”可知用可再生能源为与苹果相关的生产提供动力。故选D。 12．A.inspirations B．motivations C．destinations D．functions B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：Hervé Touati来自清洁能源研究公司落基山研究所，他解释了这种趋势背后的动机。A.inspirations启示，灵感；B.motivations动机；C.destinations目的地，终点；D.functions功能。根据“explains”和下文“Going green improves the companies' public image and helps attract customers, staff and investors.”可知Hervé Touati解释了这种趋势背后的动机。故选B。 13．A.manufacturers B．investors C．customers D．administrators C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：世界上最大的啤酒酿造商百威英博的客户中有很多年轻人。A.manufacturers制造商；B.investors投资者；C.customers顾客，客户；D.administrators管理员。根据“has lots of young people”可知百威英博的客户中有很多年轻人。故选C。 14．A.considerably B．skillfully C．economically D．occasionally A　考查副词词义辨析。句意：在酿造过程中，电力消耗相当大，占总成本的十分之一。A.considerably相当地，非常；B.skillfully巧妙地；C.economically经济地；D.occasionally偶尔。根据“amounts to a tenth of its total costs”可知在酿造过程中，电力消耗相当大。故选A。 15．A.heat B．wind C．water D．power D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，该公司开始将可再生能源在发电中的作用提高到2025年的100%。A.heat高温，压力，热烈；B.wind风；C.water水；D.power力量，能力。根据上文“Electricity, used ____ in the brewing process”可知去年该公司开始将可再生能源在发电中的作用提高到2025年的100%。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $