Unit 3 课时作业(10) Period 2 Reading and Thinking (Ⅱ) 要点内化课（Word练习）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第三册高中同步学案（人教版）

课时作业(十) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Global warming is the increase of the earth's average surface temperature due to the effect of greenhouse gases, for example, carbon dioxide, which trap heat that would otherwise escape from the earth.After the trees are cut down and more greenhouse gases are released, the“blanket”around the earth called the ozone layer (臭氧层), will get thicker.This catches more heat and makes the earth hotter.Luckily, there are many things that every citizen of the earth can do to help reduce the effects of global warming, and it's never too late or too early for children to take action. The children should learn what a carbon footprint is.A carbon footprint is the amount of carbon and greenhouse gases people make as they lead the daily life and go about the normal activities.In other words, the carbon footprint is a measure of the environmental impact the life has.To live an environmentally friendly life that doesn't contribute to global warming, people want to have the smallest carbon footprint possible. Almost everything people do contributes to global warming and is related to fossil fuel consumption.These can be direct uses of fossil fuels, like riding in a gasoline-powered car, or indirect contributions to greenhouse gases, such as eating fruits or vegetables that had to be shipped from far way to reach their tables. If a child wants to make a contribution to reducing global warming, he should ride a bicycle to the near park, school, his friend's house, or anywhere else instead of taking the car.Or he may try to walk or jog, which is also helpful.In addition, although trains and buses often run on fossil fuels, on average, each person uses less energy and produces less pollution to run.Next time if children with their parents have to get around town or it's too far to walk or bike，take the bus or other public transportation instead of asking for a ride. 【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章提出， 全球在变暖，每个人都能够帮助减小全球变暖的影响， 孩子也可以参与其中。要减少全球变暖， 就要尽可能地减少碳足迹， 比如不吃从很远的地方运来的水果、蔬菜， 骑车、步行或乘坐公共交通工具， 孩子也能为缓解全球变暖做出贡献。 1．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．A brief description of carbon footprint. B．The serious water pollution. C．The protection of ozone layer. D．The causes of global warming. D　主旨大意题。根据第一段“Global warming is the increase...greenhouse gases”可知， 作者一开始提出： 全球变暖是由于温室气体的影响而导致地球平均表面温度的升高； 接下来举例说明， 如果树木被砍伐， 更多的温室气体被排放， 地球臭氧层会变厚， 地球温度会升高。因此该段是说明全球变暖的原因。故选D项。 2．Which of the following can describe the carbon footprint? A．Useless.　　　　　 B．Expensive. C．Helpful. D．Attractive. C　推理判断题。根据第二段“In other words, ...carbon footprint possible.”可知， 换句话说， 碳足迹是衡量生活对环境影响的一个指标。为了过一种不造成全球变暖的环保生活， 人们希望尽可能减少碳足迹。由此可知， 碳足迹可以帮助衡量我们的生活方式是否环保。故选C项。 3．What can kids do if they want to help reduce global warming? A．Go to the near park by bus. B．Walk or cycle as much as possible. C．Keep staying at home or school. D．Go around the town with parents by car. B　细节理解题。根据第四段“If a child wants to...the car.”可知， 如果一个孩子想为缓解全球变暖做出贡献， 他应该骑自行车去附近的公园、学校、朋友家或其他任何地方， 而不是坐车。由此可知， 如果孩子们想帮助缓解全球变暖， 他们会尽可能多地走路或骑自行车。故选B项。 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．What Can People Do to Use Less Energy? B．How Can Kids Help Reduce Global Warming? C．How Does Carbon Footprints Measure Pollution? D．Why Global Warming Affects Humans' Life? B　主旨大意题。文章在第一段最后一句“Luckily，there are many...take action.”可知， 幸运的是， 地球上的每个公民都能够帮助减小全球变暖的影响， 孩子们采取行动永远都不会太迟或太早。以及下文主要围绕孩子可以做哪些事情来减小全球变暖的影响展开。由此可知， How Can Kids Help Reduce Global Warming? (孩子们如何帮助减少全球变暖？ )适合作为本文标题。故选B项。 B Sea urchins (海胆) are small creatures, but what's really remarkable about them is that they eat anything that happens to float by.They have really sharp teeth they use to rid rocks of algae (海藻), which makes them pretty valuable especially in places like Hawaii where algae are threatening the coral reefs.In the summer of 2019, 500,000 of them were used to deal with the algae. The problem started when non-native algae were introduced to the ecosystem of Kaneohe Bay in the 1970s.Because they had no enemies, they ended up taking over the bay, according to the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)．The algae prevented sunlight from reaching the coral, which in turn affected the local fish because they changed the chemistry of the water. That's when NMFS turned to sea urchins that love to devour the algae.But they had to grow to the size of a cherry tomato before they could be used.Since 2011, sea urchins have been grown and used to handle the algae problem.Some of the funds are available due to an unfortunate incident. In 2005, a ship was grounded on a shallow reef near Kaneohe Bay.When the ship was removed, 20 acres of reefs have been damaged.When there is environmental damage, NMFS and other agencies receive funds from the wrongdoers and the funds are used to restore the damage.Some funds were spent on other projects like the sea urchins.When they are large enough, divers carefully place them on the reef. Algae aren't the only thing that threatens the coral reefs.Climate change and the effects of fishing and tourism in the area also endanger the coral reefs.But turning to sea urchins instead of man-made solutions seems like the best way to go. 【语篇解读】　海胆之所以被认为是杰出的生物是因为它们可以清除有害藻类。藻类并不是唯一威胁珊瑚礁的东西。气候变化以及该地区渔业和旅游业的影响也威胁着珊瑚礁。但是用海胆代替人工解决方案似乎是最好的选择。 5．Why are sea urchins regarded as outstanding creatures? A．They are tiny but have teeth. B．They can keep the ocean clean. C．They are useful for removing algae. D．They grow on coral reefs with algae. C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的Sea urchins (海胆) are small creatures, but what's really remarkable about them is that...where algae are threatening the coral reefs.可知海胆之所以被认为是杰出的生物是因为它们可以清除有害藻类。 6．What happened after non-native algae arrived at Kaneohe Bay? A．They helped the coral reefs to survive. B．They spread to every corner of the bay. C．They didn't fit in with the new surroundings. D．They fought against other species to get food. B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的The problem started when non-native algae were introduced to the ecosystem of Kaneohe Bay in the 1970s.Because they had no enemies, they ended up taking over the bay，可知非本地藻类到达卡内奥赫湾后，它们没有天敌，最终占领了这个海湾。故选B。 7．What does the underlined word“devour”in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Eat. B．Block. C．Tease. D．Attract. A　词义猜测题。根据第一段第一、二句可知海胆喜欢吃任何碰巧漂过的东西，它们的尖牙可以用来清除岩石上的海藻，由此推知，画线词的意思是“吃”。eat吃；block阻止；tease取笑，戏弄；attract吸引。故选A。 8．What does the author suggest doing to save coral reefs? A．Relying on human solutions. B．Banning fishing and tourism. C．Employing divers to handle algae. D．Letting nature take care of nature. D　推理判断题。根据最后一段Algae aren't the only thing that...But turning to sea urchins instead of man-made solutions seems like the best way to go.可知，作者建议用自然方式来拯救珊瑚礁。 Ⅱ.七选五 Who would win in a fight, a lion or a tiger? Well, if the size has anything to do with the matter, the tiger would win.That's because tigers are the largest of all cat species.Tigers are not only large, but also fast.They can dash as fast as 40 miles per hour for short distances and leap as far as 30 feet. __1__ At the start of the 20th century, there were over 100,000 tigers living in the wild.By the turn of the century, the number of tigers outside of catch decreased to just over 3,000.Interestingly, the most serious threats that tigers face come from a much smaller species, one with an average weight of around 140 lbs.That species is Homo sapiens, better known as humans. __2__ Tigers are hunted for many reasons. __3__ Though trading tiger skins is now illegal in most parts of the world, tiger fur is worth around $10,000 on the black market.Though the fur would be incentive(刺激) for most hunters, other parts of the tiger can also fetch a pretty penny.Some people in China and other Asian cultures believe that various tiger parts have therapeutic function.Traditional Chinese medicine calls for the use of tiger bones, among other parts, to cure some diseases. Tigers have also been hunted as a game. __4__ Such killings took place in a large scale during the 19th and early 20th centuries, when an English hunter might demand to kill over a hundred tigers in his hunting career.Though this practice is much less popular today than it was in the past, it has not stopped entirely. Humans have done great damage to the world's tiger population through hunting, but perhaps more damage has been caused through the destruction of habitat.Tigers once ranged widely across Asia, all the way from Turkey to the eastern coast of Russia. __5__ The tiger population is now isolated in small pockets in southern and southeastern Asia.This is because humans have heavily changed the environment.Humans have built towns and cities.Roads and other transport systems were created to connect these towns and cities.To feed the people living in these areas, forests and fields have been cleared to create farmland.A major difficulty of preserving tigers is the large amount of territory(领土，领域)that each tiger requires.Each wild tiger demands between 200 and 300 square miles.Because tigers need so much territory, it is really difficult to attain enough land to support a large population of tigers. A．Humans have done great harm to tigers though. B．A lion is not as large as a tiger but runs faster than it. C．People have long valued the famous striped(有条纹的)skins. D．But over the past 100 years, tigers have lost 93% of their historic range. E．Humans threaten tigers in primarily two ways：hunting them and destroying their habitat. F．In other words, people hunted tigers only for the thrill and fulfilment of killing them. G．You may not think that such large, fast, and fierce tigers need help to survive, but they do. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。作者通过对一些数据和事实的分析告知读者为什么世界上老虎的数量越来越少——主要在于人类的猎杀以及对其栖息地的破坏。 1．G　由篇章结构可知，设空处是一个过渡句；根据上文Tigers are not only large...and leap as far as 30 feet.和下文At the start of the 20th century...decreased to just over 3,000.可知，设空处表示的是老虎虽然凶猛，但它们的生存受到威胁，G项承上启下，过渡自然，符合语境。 2．E　上文Interestingly, the most serious threats...better known as humans.与E项(Humans threaten tigers in primarily two ways: hunting them and destroying their habitat.)衔接自然，上下文话题一致，都讲述人类对老虎的威胁，humans是关键词。 3．C　根据上文Tigers are hunted for many reasons.和下文Though trading tiger skins is now illegal in most parts of the world, tiger fur is worth around $10,000 on the black market.可知，设空处谈论的是老虎被猎杀的一个原因是人们想获得虎皮，C项[People have long valued the famous striped(有条纹的)skins.]符合语境，skins是关键词。 4．F　根据上文Tigers have also been hunted as a game.可知，设空处是对这种行为的进一步解释，F项(In other words, people hunted tigers only for the thrill and fulfilment of killing them.)承接上一句，对前一句进行解释说明，符合语境。 5．D　根据上文Tigers once ranged widely across Asia, all the way from Turkey to the eastern coast of Russia.和下文The tiger population is now isolated in small pockets in southern and southeastern Asia.可知，设空处谈论的是老虎的生存范围缩小了，D项(But over the past 100 years, tigers have lost 93% of their historic range.)承上启下，符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Sun Bear Though small，they can be very aggressive，so if you see one，don't mistake it __1__ a soft lovely teddy bear！The sun bear lives in trees, __2__ you'll need to keep your eyes on the tree if you want to see one and you can only see them in the tropical rain forests in Southeast Asia. They are essential to our ecosystem because they help spread seeds while also keeping disgusting termites(白蚁)under control，which means there is less __3__ (destruct)of our tropical trees, which in turn __4__ (mean)our atmosphere is clean enough for us to live __5__ (healthy)． When they come down from the trees, they also dig for invertebrates(无脊椎动物)in the soil, __6__ (improve)the forest's nutrient cycle by mixing the rich and poor soil.Unfortunately，their global population __7__ (decline)30% over the last few years，making them the second __8__ (rare)bear species worldwide next to the giant panda. Their tongues are up to 25 cm in __9__ (long)and help them to satisfy their greedy appetite for honey, __10__ sometimes makes them known as“honey bears”．You can tell the sun bear from other bear species by the horseshoe marks on their chest.No two markings are the same! 【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马来熊的相关信息，如栖息地、对大自然的好处、数量变得越来越少等情况。 1．for　考查介词。mistake...for...意为“把……错认为……，把……误当作……”。故填for。 2．so　考查连词。句意：马来熊生活在树上，所以如果你想看它，你需要盯着树……。根据句意可知，空格前后之间是因果关系，所以用连词so。故填so。 3．destruction　考查名词。句意：它们对我们的生态系统至关重要，因为它们有助于传播种子，同时还能控制住令人厌恶的白蚁，这意味着对热带树木的破坏更少，相应地意味着我们的大气足够干净，可以让我们健康地生活。根据空格前的限定词“less”可知，此处应用名词。故填destruction。 4．means　考查主谓一致和时态。分析句子可知，此处是一个which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰其对应的整个主句“there is less destruction of our tropical trees”，谓语动词应用单数形式；又根据上下文语境可知，此处应用一般现在时。故填means。 5．healthily　考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词live。故填healthily。 6．improving　考查现在分词。句意：当它们从树上下来的时候，它们也会在土壤中挖掘无脊椎动物，通过混合肥沃和贫瘠的土壤改善了森林的营养物循环。分析句子可知，此处应用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填improving。 7．has declined　考查时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语“over the last few years”可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语“their global population”表示单数意义，所以填has declined。 8．rarest　考查形容词的最高级。根据空格前的“the second”可知，此处应用形容词的最高级。故填rarest。 9．length　考查名词。句意：它们的舌头长达25厘米……。in length是固定用法，意为“在长度上”。故填length。 10．which　考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个主句的内容，从句中缺少主语，所以用which引导该从句。故填which。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $