Unit 2 课时作业(7) Period 3 Learning About Language 语法精析课（Word练习）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第三册高中同步学案（人教版）

课时作业(七) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Researchers say getting a good night's sleep is probably the best tool for memory and learning.But short periods of sleep may help our brains work better, says a recent study on napping.And taking a nap may also help old adults fight off age-related memory loss. CDC, an American scientific organization, found that 50 to 70 million Americans have chronic(长期的) sleep disorders.So, someone who naps as a way of paying off a sleep debt may not experience the same improvements from napping as a well-rested person would.Also, that only children, the very old, sick or lazy people nap is not an uncommon opinion. Researchers recently looked at information provided by nearly 3,000 Chinese adults, aged 65 years or older, to learn if napping after a midday meal had any effect on the mental performance of the subjects. First, they asked the people if they napped and for how long.Then, based on their answers, researchers put them into four groups: non-nappers(0 min), short nappers(≤30 mins), moderate nappers(30-90 mins), and extended nappers(≥90 mins)．Nearly 60% of the people said they did take a nap after lunch and that their naps lasted anywhere from 30 to 90 minutes.Most of the subjects said they napped for about an hour. The study found that people who took an hour-long nap did much better on mental tests than those who did not nap.The hour-long nappers also did better on the tests than those who napped for shorter and longer periods.In this study, it seemed that the most effective nap lasted for about an hour, but not much longer. Yet Doctor Michael Twery notes that an hour-long nap may be too long for young, healthy adults.30 minutes is enough to remove the pressure to sleep and will help us feel more awake. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明午饭后小睡一个小时对成年人， 尤其是对老年人的学习和记忆力有好处。 1．What's the main idea of this passage? A．Getting a good night's sleep is probably the best tool for memory and learning. B．Getting rest during the middle of the day helps older adults' brains work better. C．Taking a nap helps babies and young children learn better. D．Napping helps adults fight off age-related health problems. B　主旨大意题。根据文章的内容， 本文主要介绍的是午睡对成年人， 尤其是对老人的精神、学习和记忆力的好处， 故选B项。A项没有提到研究的对象； C项的对象是婴儿和小孩； D项的结果是fight off age-related health problems, 不符合文章的主旨。 2．Among the following people who naps after lunch, who experiences the best improvement? A．A new mother with her baby crying for most of the night. B．A university student staying up late for the coming exams. C．A school guard working on the night shift. D．A retired teacher going to bed at 10 p．m.and rising at 6 a．m. D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“So, someone who naps as a way of paying off a sleep debt may not experience the same improvements from napping as a well-rested person would.”可知， 想要靠午睡补觉的人比晚上休息好的人午睡效果要差。A、B、C三项都是晚上睡眠不好， 需要补觉的人。故选D项。 3．A ________ nap does better for healthy and young adults. A．30-minute　　　　　 B．60-minute C．70-minute D．90-minute A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“...an hour-long nap may be too long for young, healthy adults.30 minutes is enough to remove the pressure to sleep and will help us feel more awake.”可知， 年轻且健康的成年人午睡30分钟休息效果最好。故选A项。 B It's 3 o'clock and you've been hard at work.As you sit at your desk，a strong desire for chocolate overcomes you.You try to busy yourself to make it go away.But it doesn't.Here is another situation.Perhaps you are not feeling well.The only thing you want to eat is a big bowl of chicken soup，like your mom used to make when you were sick as a child.Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food.And they are normal. Scientists at the website How Stuff Works compare hunger and cravings this way.Hunger is a fairly simple connection between the stomach and the brain.They even call it simply“stomach hunger”．When our stomachs burn up all of the food we have eaten，a hormone(荷尔蒙) sends a message to one part of the brain for more food，which regulates our most basic body functions such as thirst，hunger and sleep.The brain then produces a chemical to start the appetite and you eat.Hunger is a function of survival. A craving is more complex.It activates(使活跃) brain areas related to emotion，memory and reward.These are the same areas of the brain activated during drug-craving studies.So，some scientists call food cravings“mind hunger”．People often crave foods that are high in fat and sugar.Foods that are high in fat or high in sugar produce chemicals in the brain.These chemicals give us feelings of pleasure. In a 2007 study，researchers at Cambridge University found that“dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food craving”．So，the more you deny yourself a food that you want，the more you may crave it.However，fasting is a bit different.They found that eating no food at all for a short period of time lessened food cravings. So，the next time you crave something very specific，know that your brain may be more to blame than your stomach. 【语篇解读】　本文主要谈论了“饮食冲动”的调查结果。食物与情感有关系，节食或限制饮食通常会增加渴望食物的可能性。 4．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To remind readers of their own special food. B．To deepen the understanding of hunger. C．To report the discovery of craving study. D．To lead to the topic of the whole passage. D　推理判断题。第一段主要假设了在几种情况下你的饮食渴望的不同。根据下文的介绍可知，第一段是为了引入整篇文章的话题。故选D。 5．What do we learn about food craving? A．It shows food is linked to feelings. B．It ensures a person survives hunger. C．It means the stomach functions well. D．It proves the brain decides your appetite. A　推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句与第三段最后两句可知，食物与情感有关系。故选A。 6．What's the likely result of dieting? A．The decrease of chemicals. B．The increase of food desire. C．The refusal of fat and sugar. D．The disappearance of appetite. B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“In a 2007 study，researchers at Cambridge University found that ‘dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food craving’．”可知，节食很可能会增加对食物的渴望。故选B。 7．What does the passage mainly discuss? A．The functions of brain areas. B．What hunger is all about. C．The findings of food craving. D．What dieting may bring us. C　主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段内容可知，本文主要谈论了“饮食冲动”的调查结果。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五 Have you ever wondered why successful people are so successful？Habits play an essential role in shaping our lives.We all know that bad habits can be harmful to your mental and physical well-being. __1__ Good habits，on the other hand，can help you rise above others and be at your best.So，what are the common habits of successful persons that set them apart from the rest of us? __2__ Most successful figures spend half an hour or more on newspapers，magazines and other books on a daily basis.Most of them have a preference for non-fiction pieces that include history，self-help books，and biographies. Getting up early.The majority of successful people rise approximately 3 hours before their actual workday starts.It gives them adequate time to get additional things done，which may include completing side projects，working out，or just planning ahead. __3__ Working out and staying in shape.We all know the benefits of a healthy lifestyle especially working out and staying physically fit. __4__ Clearing your mind and challenging yourself physically with a tough workout daily helps you stay ready for the daily challenges of a business.To sum it up，a strong body carries a strong mind. Working on communication skills.Communication plays a key role in building constructive interpersonal relationships on a personal as well as on a professional level. __5__ However，if you are unable to convey the right information and message in a timely manner，you are less likely to achieve your goals.As with other skills，it is vital to continuously work on improving communication to help you stay more efficient while communicating with anyone on any level. A．Applying technology. B．Keeping reading as a habit. C．After all，the early bird catches the worm. D．Developing a healthy lifestyle is demanding. E．Working with data，facts，and figures is important. F．Successful people require mental and physical fitness. G．They can block your road to achievement and success. 【语篇解读】　作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了习惯在塑造我们的生活中起着重要的作用， 并介绍了一些成功人士的良好的习惯。 1．G　根据上一句We all know that bad habits can be harmful to your mental and physical well-being.我们都知道坏习惯会对你的身心健康有害， 可知空白处要填有什么危害， 选项G“他们会阻碍你的成就和成功之路”符合题意。故选G。 2．B　根据下一句Most successful figures spend half an hour or more on newspapers，magazines and other books on a daily basis.大多数成功人士每天花半个小时或更多的时间在报纸、杂志和其他书籍上。可知空白处填阅读是人们的一种习惯， 选项B“保持阅读是一种习惯”符合题意。故选B。 3．C　根据上一句It gives them adequate time to get additional things done，which may include completing side projects，working out，or just planning ahead.这给了他们足够的时间去完成更多的事情， 这可能包括完成副业， 锻炼， 或者只是提前做计划。可知空白处要填提前完成事情的好处， 选项C“毕竟， 早起的鸟儿有虫吃”符合题意。故选C。 4．F　根据上一句We all know the benefits of a healthy lifestyle especially working out and staying physically fit.我们都知道健康生活方式的好处， 特别是锻炼和保持身体健康； 以及下一句Clearing your mind and challenging yourself physically with a tough workout daily helps you stay ready for the daily challenges of a business.每天进行艰苦的锻炼， 理清思绪， 挑战自己的身体。可知成功的人在身体上和心理上都是健康的， 选项F“成功的人需要心理和身体健康”符合题意。故选F。 5．E　根据下一句However，if you are unable to convey the right information and message in a timely manner，you are less likely to achieve your goals.然而， 如果你不能及时传达正确的信息， 你就不太可能实现你的目标。可知选项E“处理数据、事实和数字是很重要的”符合题意。故选E。 Ⅲ.完形填空 Today，I was sitting with some other students and teachers as the judges of the annual singing contest of Beijing National Day School (BNDS)．Watching the wonderful performances on stage，I could not help __1__ what happened last year. Last year was the first year I came to the BNDS International Department.The first month at BNDS was almost a(n) __2__ ：　Curiosity quickly __3__，replaced by a heavy workload.To make matters worse，I was __4__ a total stranger in a new environment.When I was in trouble，I was too __5__ to turn to anyone for help.I shut the door to the outside world. I thought I might continue to __6__ in darkness by myself，until one day，I saw the __7__ of the annual singing contest.If I was not brave enough to communicate in words，maybe I could sing my heart out.Having made my decision，I joined the audition (试唱)．Luckily，I __8__ among more than 100 contestants and entered the top 32.After another three rounds of competition，I made it to the finals together with three other contestants. __9__ more and more students knew that I joined the contest，they went to watch my performance，volunteered to __10__ for me and then shared my singing videos on social media.It seemed that I became well-known overnight. Finally，the big day came.When I __11__ the nerve to walk onstage，I could not believe my eyes.The dark theater was suddenly lit up by __12__ sticks，which were like stars in a dark sky.“Come on，Becky！”A shout broke the silence，followed by kind laughter.When it became __13__ again，I began to sing. The music started，which drew me back to reality.Now I might not remember clearly what songs I sang last year，but I would never forget the __14__ in the darkness.From then on，I had my fans，made friends，and I even joined the singing club.Singing opens the door to a brand-new world.I know I will stay at BNDS，and I won't be __15__. 【语篇解读】　作者回忆了自己刚到北京十一学校时， 不能适应新的环境， 把自己封闭起来。但是通过参加歌唱比赛， 作者看到了同学们对他的支持和鼓励， 觉得自己不再孤单。 1．A.conveying B．evaluating C．recalling D．scanning C　考查动词词义辨析。句意： 看着舞台上精彩的表演， 我不禁回想起去年发生的事情。conveying传达；evaluating评估；recalling回忆； scanning扫描。根据下文“Last year was the first year I came to the BNDS International Department.”可知， 下文作者讲述自己刚到北京十一中学时的情况。所以作者不禁回想起去年发生的事情。故选C。 2．A.alarm B．disaster C．growth D．turning B　考查名词词义辨析。句意： 在北京十一学校的第一个月几乎是一场灾难： 好奇心很快就消失了， 取而代之的是繁重的作业。 alarm警报；disaster灾难；growth成长； turning转向。根据后面的“a heavy workload”“a total stranger in a new environment”可知， 作者到一个新学校， 不适应新环境， 课业又很繁重， 因此觉得第一个月很艰难， 就像一场灾难。故选B。 3．A.distributed B．faded C．choked D．split B　考查动词词义辨析。句意： 在北京十一学校的第一个月几乎是一场灾难： 好奇心很快就消失了， 取而代之的是繁重的作业。 distributed分布， 分配；faded消失；choked窒息； split分裂。刚到一个新环境， 好奇心很快就没有了。故选B。 4．A.digitally B．elegantly C．practically D．vitally C　考查副词词义辨析。句意： 更糟糕的是， 在这个新环境里， 我实际上是一个完全陌生的人。 digitally数字化地； elegantly优雅地； practically实际上； vitally至关重要地。作者觉得自己实际上对这个环境非常陌生。故选C。 5．A.shy B．sharp C．shallow D．sceptical A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意： 当我遇到麻烦时， 我太害羞， 以至于不敢向任何人求助。shy害羞的；sharp尖锐的；shallow浅的；sceptical怀疑的。根据下文“If I was not brave enough to communicate in words...”可知， 作者不敢与人交流， 应该是害羞的性格。故选A。 6．A.crash B．struggle C．sacrifice D．withdraw B　考查动词词义辨析。句意： 我以为我会继续独自在黑暗中挣扎。crash碰撞； struggle挣扎； sacrifice牺牲； withdraw撤退。根据上文“I shut the door to the outside world.”可知， 作者把自己封闭起来， 因此觉得自己好像生活在黑暗中， 苦苦挣扎。故选B。 7．A.application B．detail C．poster D．sample C　考查名词词义辨析。句意： 我以为我会继续独自在黑暗中挣扎， 直到有一天， 我看到了年度歌唱比赛的海报。 application应用；detail细节；poster海报；sample样本。根据“the annual singing contest”可知， 应该是关于歌唱比赛的海报。故选C。 8．A.came out B．chewed out C．dropped out D．stood out D　考查动词短语辨析。句意： 幸运的是， 我从100多名选手中脱颖而出， 进入了前32名。 came out出来；chewed out训斥； dropped out中途退出；stood out突出， 显眼， 杰出。根据“...entered the top 32”可知， 作者比其他参赛者更杰出， 才能进入前32 名。故选D。 9．A.As B．Though C．While D．When A　考查连词词义辨析。句意： 随着越来越多的学生知道我参加了比赛， 他们去看我的表演， 自愿为我投票， 然后在社交媒体上分享我的演唱视频。as随着；though虽然；while在……时候； when在……时候。此处用as意思为“随着”， 强调时间的推移。本句为as引导的时间状语从句。故选A。 10．A.approve B．applaud C．qualify D．vote D　考查动词词义辨析。句意： 随着越来越多的学生知道我参加了比赛， 他们去看我的表演， 自愿为我投票， 然后在社交媒体上分享我的演唱视频。 approve赞成；applaud鼓掌； qualify使具有资格；vote投票。根据下文“then shared my singing videos on social media”可知， 同学们自愿在网上为作者投票， 分享作者唱歌的视频， 表示对作者的支持。故选D。 11．A.filled in B．swelled up C．wound up D．got up D　考查动词短语辨析。句意： 终于， 重要的一天到了。当我鼓足勇气走上舞台时， 我简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。filled in填满；swelled up膨胀；wound up上紧发条；got up起床， 增加。根据“walk onstage”可知， 此处是短语get up the nerve“鼓起勇气”。 作者上台表演， 感到很紧张。故选D。 12．A.circulating B．linking C．crossing D．waving D　考查动词词义辨析。句意： 黑暗的剧院突然被挥舞的喝彩棒照亮了， 它们就像黑暗天空中的星星。 circulating循环；linking连接； crossing交叉； waving挥手。同学们挥舞着手里的喝彩棒为作者加油。故选D。 13．A.calm B．dull C．quiet D．stable C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意： 当它再次变得安静， 我开始唱歌。 calm平静的； dull沉闷的；quiet安静的；stable稳定的。根据“I began to sing”可知， 等观众安静下来， 作者就开始演唱。故选C。 14．A.lights B．devices C．receivers D．circumstances A　考查名词词义辨析。句意： 现在我可能不能清楚地记得我去年唱了什么歌， 但我永远不会忘记黑暗中的灯光。 lights灯光；devices设备；receivers接收器； circumstances环境， 状况。根据上文“The dark theater was suddenly lit up by ________ sticks，”可知， 作者忘不了的是同学们挥舞着喝彩棒给自己加油和鼓励， 不会忘记黑暗中的灯光。故选A。 15．A.alone B．casual C．abnormal D．accessible A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意： 我知道我会留在北京十一学校， 我不会孤单。 alone独自的； casual随意的；abnormal异常的； accessible易接近的。根据上文“I had my fans，made friends”可知， 作者有了歌迷， 有了朋友， 不会再觉得孤单。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $