Unit 8 Let’s Communicate! Section B知识点总结和同步练习 2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级上册

Unit 8 Let’s Communicate! Section B How can we communicate better? 知识点总结和同步练习 一、重点单词转换 1.nervous adj.担忧的,焦虑的,胆怯的 _adv.焦虑地 2.stranger n.陌生人 _adj.陌生的,奇怪的 3.carefully adv.认真地,仔细地,小心地 _adj.认真的,仔细的,小心的 _v.关心,在意 _n.小心,照料,焦虑 4.listener n.听者 _v.聆听,听 5.surely adv.想必,必定 _adj.确定的,肯定的 6.impolite adj.不礼貌的,粗鲁的 _(反义词)礼貌的 7.personal adj.个人的,私人的 _n.个人 8.reasonable adj.公平的,合理的 _n.理由,合理 9.misunderstanding n.误解,误会 _v.理解,明白 10.sincere adj.真诚的,诚实的 _adv.真诚地,诚实地 11.opening adj.开篇的,开始的 _n.开始,孔,洞 _v.打开 12.closing adj.结尾的,结束的 _n.停业,关闭 _v.关闭 即学即练: 1.They came back for the (open) ceremony of the season's first match. 2. I _(sincere) believe that this is the best choice. 3.If we all pull together,our China dream is sure_(come) true. 4.It is very moving to see how much_(strange) can care for each other. 5. It is_(polite) to interrupt(打断) someone while they are speaking. 6.I listen_the radio on the way to work. 7.When it was his turn to deliver his speech,_(nervous) and embarrassingly,he walked towards the microphone. 8.She also to me to be careful_it and remember our friendship. 9.He was in the bub until _(close) time. 10.I don’t want this_(understand) to come between us. 11._some reasons, he didn’t come to attend the meeting yesterday. 12.Your phone number is another important piece of _(person) information. 二、重点短语 The more you learn,the more you realize you don’t know. 学得越多,越意识到自己的无知 ( 第 1 页 共 1 页 ) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 1.show interest in sth_ 2.argue with sb_ 3.move on to sth_ 4.find out_ 5.pay attention to..._ 6.be yourself_ 7.social media_ 8.keep....away from.._ 9.take place_ 10.benefit....from...._ 即学即练: 先写出上面短语的中文意思,再根据句子意思选择合适的短语填空。 1.It’s always important to_and not try to be someone you’re not. 2.The tea train from China to Western countries_in the 19th century. 3.More and more westerners _Confucianism.(儒教) 4.When you’re 11,you would _a secondary school. 5.He also noticed that local people _the cutting and the sale of this wood. 6.I didn’t _what the teacher was saying. 7.Many people spend a lot of time on _every day. 8.I don’t want to _you,but I just don’t think that’s a good idea. 9._the doors while the train is moving. 10.We _we were staying in the same hotel. 三、重点句型: 1.Do you find it hard to have a conversation with a stranger? 解析:sb find it +adj.+to do sth发现某人做某事.....,it为形式宾语。 2.If you have such worries,it is time for you to learn some more conversation skills. 解析:(1)if如果,引导条件状语从句 (2)It is time for sb to do sth某人是时候要做某事了 3.If you really work at it,you will find having conversations much easier. 解析:if条件状语从句,遵守“主将从现”原则 综合练习 一、单项选择题 1. To communicate better, we should be a good _ and not interrupt others. A. listener B. speaker C. reader D. writer 2. If you want to ask for advice, you can say "_ giving me some suggestions?" A. Why don't B. How about C. Would you D. Could I 3. When having a disagreement, we should _ our feelings calmly. A. hide B. express C. forget D. change 4. Body language can _ a lot about your attitude even without words. A. say B. talk C. tell D. speak 5. To avoid misunderstandings, we need to _ clearly and politely. A. argue B. explain C. complain D. doubt 6. — _ I use your phone? Mine is broken.— Sure, here you are. A. Must B. Should C. Could D. Need 7. We shouldn’t shout _ others when we are angry. It's impolite. A. in B. at C. on D. with 8. If you want to make friends, _ smile at others first. A. try to B. trying to C. tries to D. tried to 9. When explaining your ideas, _ simple sentences. A. use B. to use C. using D. used 10. "_" is not a good way to solve problems. A. Keep silent B. To keep silent C. Keeping silent D. Kept silent 11. — I'm really sorry for my mistake.— Never mind.We all _ mistakes. A. do B. make C. plan D. ask 12. When you disagree with someone, you can say "I'm afraid I can't agree. " to show_. A. respect B. interest C. hobby D. excitement 13. To start a conversation, you can ask "_" A. What's your salary? B. How old are you? C. How's the weather? D. Where are you from? 14. If someone is talking too fast, you can say "Would you mind slowing down?" to ask them to _. A. put down B. get down C.write down D. slow down 15. When thanking someone for their help, you can say "_" A. Thanks a million! B. It's my duty. C. You're too kind. D. Don't mention it. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. "I don't like your idea" is _(polite) than "Your idea is terrible." 2. Last weekend, we _ (visit) the science museum and learned a lot about robots. 3. My brother _ (play) football every Sunday, but he didn’t play last week. 4. Look! The children _ (make) a snowman in the yard. How happy they are! 5. You had better_( take) an umbrella. It’s going to rain. 6. My parents always tell me _ (study) hard to get good grades. 7. The teacher asked us not_ (talk) in class. 8. The movie was _ (bore). I fell asleep halfway through it. 9. She runs _ (fast) than any other girl in her class. 10. — Whose book is this?— It’s _ (she). Her name is on it. 11. Both of _ (they) are good at playing basketball. 12. The teacher was angry _ Tom because he was late again. 13. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we _(go) to the park. 14. Neither my brother nor I _ (be) interested in playing video games. 15. The more you exercise, _ (healthy) you will be. 三、语法选择 Our school organized an environmental protection activity last month. The activity 1. _ at 8:00 a.m. and lasted for three hours. Students from different grades took part 2. _ it actively. We cleaned 3. _the park near our school. Some students picked up litter, while others watered trees. Mr. Smith, our headmaster, said, "It's important for us 4. _ the environment. Every small action 5. _ a difference." After the activity, we felt proud of 6. _ . Now, our school plans to hold similar activities every quarter. We hope more people will join us in 7. _ future. Remember, "We don't need to wait for someone 8. _ to save the Earth. We can do it ourselves." As long as everyone tries their best, the world 9. _ greener and cleaner. Let's take action now! 10. _ we protect the environment, we protect our future. 1. A. starts B. started C. will start 2. A. in B. on C. to 3. A. down B. out C.up 4. A. protect B. to protect C. protecting 5. A. makes B. made C. will make 6. A. us B. our C. ourselves 7. A. a B.an C. the 8. A. elese B. else C. esle’s 9. A. becomes B. became C. will become 10. A. If B. Because C. When 四、完形填空 Last summer, I decided to visit my grandparents alone by train. I missed them so much, but my parents were worried about my 1_. "You might get lost or feel afraid," my mom said. However, they finally agreed and gave me some 2._. On the day of the trip, my parents 3._ me off at the station. As the train pulled in, my dad handed me a letter. "Open it if you feel nervous," he said. On the train, I sat by the window, enjoying the view. Then a tall man sat next to me. I became 4._ and my hands started to sweat. Suddenly, I 5._ the letter. It read, "Remember, we're always with you. Be brave and talk to people 6._ They might surprise you!" I took a deep breath and smiled at the man. To my surprise, he was very 7_. We talked about my grandparents' village and his work as a teacher. He even shared some snacks with me! The journey felt much shorter than I thought. When I arrived, my grandparents hugged me tightly. "You did a great job!" they said. This experience taught me that sometimes, challenges are not as 8._ as they seem. With love and courage, we can overcome anything. Now I feel more 9._ to face new adventures. Life is like a train ride—10._ enjoy the journey! 1. A. study B. safety C. health D. money 2. A. advice B. gifts C. books D. food 3. A. drove B. walked C. saw D. called 4. A. excited B. relaxed C. nervous D. angry 5. A. wrote B. opened C. forgot D. mailed 6. A. bravely B. politely C. loudly D. quickly 7. A. strict B. funny C. friendly D. careful 8. A. interesting B. important C. difficult D. boring 9. A. confident B. unlucky C. lonely D. disappointed 10. A. Never B. Just C. Maybe D. Still 五、阅读理解 A Last month, our school launched a "Greening Our Schoolyard" project. Students from all grades were invited to join in. The goal was to turn a deserted corner of the school into a beautiful garden. First, we held a meeting to discuss ideas. Many students suggested growing vegetables and fruits so we could have a "school farm". Others wanted to plant flowers to attract butterflies. The teachers voted on the best plans, and the "school farm" idea won! Next, we divided into groups. My group was responsible for planting tomatoes and cucumbers. We learned how to prepare the soil, plant seeds, and water them properly. Every week, we recorded the plants' growth in a notebook. However, challenges soon appeared. Some plants died because of too much water. Luckily, our science teacher, Mr. Chen, taught us how to solve the problem. We also faced time management issues. After all, we had to balance studies and gardening. But we overcame these difficulties by working together. Finally, after three months, our hard work paid off! The garden was full of fresh vegetables. We even organized a "Harvest Festival" where students and parents could taste our homegrown food. The headmaster said, "This project taught us teamwork, responsibility, and the importance of protecting the environment." Now, the garden has become a popular spot at school. It reminds us that small actions can make a big difference! 1. What was the main purpose of the "Greening Our Schoolyard" project? A. To build a new library. B. To improve students' grades. C. To turn a school corner into a garden. D. To organize a sports competition. 2. Which idea won the teachers' vote? A. Planting flowers for butterflies. B. Building a birdhouse. C. Setting up a recycling station. D. Growing vegetables and fruits. 3. What problem did the students face while planting vegetables? A. Some plants died due to wrong care. B. They didn't know how to record growth. C. They had no time to water the plants. D. The science teacher didn't offer help. 4. How did students solve the time management issue? A. By asking parents for advice. B. By working together as a team. C. By giving up their studies. D. By hiring gardeners to help. 5. What can we learn from the passage? A. School projects always fail at first. B. Growing vegetables is easier than studying. C. Teamwork and perseverance lead to success. D. The headmaster doesn't like gardening. B Kites have a long history in China, dating back over 2,000 years. They were not only toys but also tools for communication and celebrations. In ancient times, kites were used for military purposes. Soldiers would fly kites with whistles to scare enemies at night. During the Tang Dynasty, kites became popular among ordinary people. People decorated them with colorful paintings of animals and myths. Today, kite-making is a traditional art. Craftsmen use bamboo to build the frame and silk for the cover. The most famous kite is the "Swallow" kite, which looks like a flying bird. Every spring, people in Weifang, Shandong Province, hold a kite festival. The symbolism of kites is rich. For example, a dragon kite represents power and good luck. Fish-shaped kites are believed to bring wealth. On festivals, families fly kites to send wishes to heaven. However, modern life poses challenges. Few young people learn kite-making skills. To protect this art, some schools now offer kite-making classes. "Kites connect the past and the future," says Master Li, a 70-year-old kite maker. "We must pass it on." 1.What were kites used for in ancient China? A. As toys for children. B. As decorations in festivals. C. As tools for military communication. D. As a way to celebrate the harvest. 2. When did kites become popular with common people? A. In the Qin Dynasty. B. During the Tang Dynasty. C. In the Ming Dynasty. D. In modern times. 3. What materials are traditional kites made of? A. Wood and paper. B. Bamboo and silk. C. Metal and cloth. D. Plastic and nylon. 4. What does a fish-shaped kite symbolize? A. Wealth. B. Power. C. Health. D. Happiness. 5. Why are kite-making classes introduced in schools? A. To attract tourists. B. To make money. C. To replace modern toys. D. To protect traditional art. $Unit 8 Let’s Communicate! Section B How can we communicate better? 知识点总结和同步练习 一、重点单词转换 1.nervous adj.担忧的，焦虑的，胆怯的→______________adv.焦虑地 2.stranger n.陌生人→______________adj.陌生的，奇怪的 3.carefully adv.认真地，仔细地，小心地→______________adj.认真的，仔细的，小心的→______________v.关心，在意→______________n.小心，照料，焦虑 4.listener n.听者→______________v.聆听，听 5.surely adv.想必，必定→______________adj.确定的，肯定的 6.impolite adj.不礼貌的，粗鲁的→______________（反义词）礼貌的 7.personal adj.个人的，私人的→______________n.个人 8.reasonable adj.公平的，合理的→______________n.理由，合理 9.misunderstanding n.误解，误会→______________v.理解，明白 10.sincere adj.真诚的，诚实的→______________adv.真诚地，诚实地 11.opening adj.开篇的，开始的→______________n.开始，孔，洞→______________v.打开 12.closing adj.结尾的，结束的→______________n.停业，关闭→______________v.关闭 1.nervously 2.strange 3.careful;care;care 4.listen 5.sure 6.polite 7.person 8.reason 9.understand 10.sincerely 11.opening;open 12.closing;close 即学即练： 1.They came back for the (open) ceremony of the season's first match. 2. I __________(sincere) believe that this is the best choice. 3.If we all pull together,our China dream is sure___________(come) true. 4.It is very moving to see how much____________(strange) can care for each other. 5. It is___________(polite) to interrupt(打断) someone while they are speaking. 6.I listen__________the radio on the way to work. 7.When it was his turn to deliver his speech,___________(nervous) and embarrassingly,he walked towards the microphone. 8.She also to me to be careful__________it and remember our friendship. 9.He was in the bub until ___________(close) time. 10.I don’t want this_______________(understand) to come between us. 11.__________some reasons, he didn’t come to attend the meeting yesterday. 12.Your phone number is another important piece of ___________(person) information. 1.opening 2.sincerely 3.to come 4.strangers 5.impolite 6.to 7.nervous 8.with 9.closing 10.misunderstanding 11.For 12.personal 二、重点短语 The more you learn,the more you realize you don’t know. 学得越多，越意识到自己的无知 ( 第 1 页 共 1 页 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.show interest in sth_________________ 2.argue with sb______________________ 3.move on to sth_____________________ 4.find out___________________________ 5.pay attention to...___________________ 6.be yourself____________________ 7.social media___________________ 8.keep....away from..______________ 9.take place_____________________ 10.benefit....from...._______________ 即学即练： 先写出上面短语的中文意思，再根据句子意思选择合适的短语填空。 1.It’s always important to_____________________and not try to be someone you’re not. 2.The tea train from China to Western countries___________________in the 19th century. 3.More and more westerners _______________________Confucianism.(儒教) 4.When you’re 11,you would _________________________a secondary school. 5.He also noticed that local people _____________________the cutting and the sale of this wood. 6.I didn’t ______________________what the teacher was saying. 7.Many people spend a lot of time on ______________________every day. 8.I don’t want to __________________________you,but I just don’t think that’s a good idea. 9._______________________the doors while the train is moving. 10.We __________________we were staying in the same hotel. 1.be yourself 2.took place 3.show interest in 4.move on to 5.benefited from 6.pay attention to 7.social media 8.argue with 9.Keep away from 10.found out 三、重点句型： 1.Do you find it hard to have a conversation with a stranger? 解析：sb find it +adj.+to do sth发现某人做某事.....,it为形式宾语。 2.If you have such worries,it is time for you to learn some more conversation skills. 解析：(1)if如果，引导条件状语从句 (2)It is time for sb to do sth某人是时候要做某事了 3.If you really work at it,you will find having conversations much easier. 解析：if条件状语从句，遵守“主将从现”原则 综合练习 一、单项选择题 1. To communicate better, we should be a good __________ and not interrupt others. A. listener B. speaker C. reader D. writer 答案：A 2. If you want to ask for advice, you can say "_________ giving me some suggestions?" A. Why don't B. How about C. Would you D. Could I 答案：B 3. When having a disagreement, we should __________ our feelings calmly. A. hide B. express C. forget D. change 答案：B 4. Body language can __________ a lot about your attitude even without words. A. say B. talk C. tell D. speak 答案：C 5. To avoid misunderstandings, we need to __________ clearly and politely. A. argue B. explain C. complain D. doubt 答案：B 6. — _________ I use your phone? Mine is broken.— Sure, here you are. A. Must B. Should C. Could D. Need 答案：C 7. We shouldn’t shout _________ others when we are angry. It's impolite. A. in B. at C. on D. with 答案：B 8. If you want to make friends, __________ smile at others first. A. try to B. trying to C. tries to D. tried to 答案：A 9. When explaining your ideas, __________ simple sentences. A. use B. to use C. using D. used 答案：A 10. "__________" is not a good way to solve problems. A. Keep silent B. To keep silent C. Keeping silent D. Kept silent 答案：C 11. — I'm really sorry for my mistake.— Never mind.We all __________ mistakes. A. do B. make C. plan D. ask 答案：B 12. When you disagree with someone, you can say "I'm afraid I can't agree. " to show___________. A. respect B. interest C. hobby D. excitement 答案：A 13. To start a conversation, you can ask "__________" A. What's your salary? B. How old are you? C. How's the weather? D. Where are you from? 答案：C 14. If someone is talking too fast, you can say "Would you mind slowing down?" to ask them to __________. A. put down B. get down C.write down D. slow down 答案：D 15. When thanking someone for their help, you can say "_________" A. Thanks a million! B. It's my duty. C. You're too kind. D. Don't mention it. 答案：A 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. "I don't like your idea" is ______________(polite) than "Your idea is terrible." 答案：more polite 2. Last weekend, we ___________ (visit) the science museum and learned a lot about robots. 答案：visited 3. My brother __________ (play) football every Sunday, but he didn’t play last week. 答案：plays 4. Look! The children ____________ (make) a snowman in the yard. How happy they are! 答案：are making 5. You had better___________( take) an umbrella. It’s going to rain. 答案：take 6. My parents always tell me _______________ (study) hard to get good grades. 答案：to study 7. The teacher asked us not_______________ (talk) in class. 答案：to talk 8. The movie was ____________ (bore). I fell asleep halfway through it. 答案：boring 9. She runs ___________ (fast) than any other girl in her class. 答案：faster 10. — Whose book is this?— It’s _________ (she). Her name is on it. 答案：hers 11. Both of __________ (they) are good at playing basketball. 答案：them 12. The teacher was angry __________ Tom because he was late again. 答案：with 13. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we _____________(go) to the park. 答案：will go 14. Neither my brother nor I __________ (be) interested in playing video games. 答案：am 15. The more you exercise, ____________ (healthy) you will be. 答案：the healthier 三、语法选择 Our school organized an environmental protection activity last month. The activity 1. ______ at 8:00 a.m. and lasted for three hours. Students from different grades took part 2. ______ it actively. We cleaned 3. ______the park near our school. Some students picked up litter, while others watered trees. Mr. Smith, our headmaster, said, "It's important for us 4. ______ the environment. Every small action 5. ______ a difference." After the activity, we felt proud of 6. ______ . Now, our school plans to hold similar activities every quarter. We hope more people will join us in 7. ______ future. Remember, "We don't need to wait for someone 8. ______ to save the Earth. We can do it ourselves." As long as everyone tries their best, the world 9. ______ greener and cleaner. Let's take action now! 10. ______ we protect the environment, we protect our future. 1. A. starts B. started C. will start 2. A. in B. on C. to 3. A. down B. out C.up 4. A. protect B. to protect C. protecting 5. A. makes B. made C. will make 6. A. us B. our C. ourselves 7. A. a B.an C. the 8. A. elese B. else C. esle’s 9. A. becomes B. became C. will become 10. A. If B. Because C. When 1. B 2. A 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.C 10. 四、完形填空 Last summer, I decided to visit my grandparents alone by train. I missed them so much, but my parents were worried about my 1__________. "You might get lost or feel afraid," my mom said. However, they finally agreed and gave me some 2.____________. On the day of the trip, my parents 3.________ me off at the station. As the train pulled in, my dad handed me a letter. "Open it if you feel nervous," he said. On the train, I sat by the window, enjoying the view. Then a tall man sat next to me. I became 4.________ and my hands started to sweat. Suddenly, I 5.________ the letter. It read, "Remember, we're always with you. Be brave and talk to people 6.__________ They might surprise you!" I took a deep breath and smiled at the man. To my surprise, he was very 7__________. We talked about my grandparents' village and his work as a teacher. He even shared some snacks with me! The journey felt much shorter than I thought. When I arrived, my grandparents hugged me tightly. "You did a great job!" they said. This experience taught me that sometimes, challenges are not as 8._________ as they seem. With love and courage, we can overcome anything. Now I feel more 9._________ to face new adventures. Life is like a train ride—10._________ enjoy the journey! 1. A. study B. safety C. health D. money 2. A. advice B. gifts C. books D. food 3. A. drove B. walked C. saw D. called 4. A. excited B. relaxed C. nervous D. angry 5. A. wrote B. opened C. forgot D. mailed 6. A. bravely B. politely C. loudly D. quickly 7. A. strict B. funny C. friendly D. careful 8. A. interesting B. important C. difficult D. boring 9. A. confident B. unlucky C. lonely D. disappointed 10. A. Never B. Just C. Maybe D. Still 1.B 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.B 五、阅读理解 A Last month, our school launched a "Greening Our Schoolyard" project. Students from all grades were invited to join in. The goal was to turn a deserted corner of the school into a beautiful garden. First, we held a meeting to discuss ideas. Many students suggested growing vegetables and fruits so we could have a "school farm". Others wanted to plant flowers to attract butterflies. The teachers voted on the best plans, and the "school farm" idea won! Next, we divided into groups. My group was responsible for planting tomatoes and cucumbers. We learned how to prepare the soil, plant seeds, and water them properly. Every week, we recorded the plants' growth in a notebook. However, challenges soon appeared. Some plants died because of too much water. Luckily, our science teacher, Mr. Chen, taught us how to solve the problem. We also faced time management issues. After all, we had to balance studies and gardening. But we overcame these difficulties by working together. Finally, after three months, our hard work paid off! The garden was full of fresh vegetables. We even organized a "Harvest Festival" where students and parents could taste our homegrown food. The headmaster said, "This project taught us teamwork, responsibility, and the importance of protecting the environment." Now, the garden has become a popular spot at school. It reminds us that small actions can make a big difference! 1. What was the main purpose of the "Greening Our Schoolyard" project? A. To build a new library. B. To improve students' grades. C. To turn a school corner into a garden. D. To organize a sports competition. 2. Which idea won the teachers' vote? A. Planting flowers for butterflies. B. Building a birdhouse. C. Setting up a recycling station. D. Growing vegetables and fruits. 3. What problem did the students face while planting vegetables? A. Some plants died due to wrong care. B. They didn't know how to record growth. C. They had no time to water the plants. D. The science teacher didn't offer help. 4. How did students solve the time management issue? A. By asking parents for advice. B. By working together as a team. C. By giving up their studies. D. By hiring gardeners to help. 5. What can we learn from the passage? A. School projects always fail at first. B. Growing vegetables is easier than studying. C. Teamwork and perseverance lead to success. D. The headmaster doesn't like gardening. 1C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.C B Kites have a long history in China, dating back over 2,000 years. They were not only toys but also tools for communication and celebrations. In ancient times, kites were used for military purposes. Soldiers would fly kites with whistles to scare enemies at night. During the Tang Dynasty, kites became popular among ordinary people. People decorated them with colorful paintings of animals and myths. Today, kite-making is a traditional art. Craftsmen use bamboo to build the frame and silk for the cover. The most famous kite is the "Swallow" kite, which looks like a flying bird. Every spring, people in Weifang, Shandong Province, hold a kite festival. The symbolism of kites is rich. For example, a dragon kite represents power and good luck. Fish-shaped kites are believed to bring wealth. On festivals, families fly kites to send wishes to heaven. However, modern life poses challenges. Few young people learn kite-making skills. To protect this art, some schools now offer kite-making classes. "Kites connect the past and the future," says Master Li, a 70-year-old kite maker. "We must pass it on." 1.What were kites used for in ancient China? A. As toys for children. B. As decorations in festivals. C. As tools for military communication. D. As a way to celebrate the harvest. 2. When did kites become popular with common people? A. In the Qin Dynasty. B. During the Tang Dynasty. C. In the Ming Dynasty. D. In modern times. 3. What materials are traditional kites made of? A. Wood and paper. B. Bamboo and silk. C. Metal and cloth. D. Plastic and nylon. 4. What does a fish-shaped kite symbolize? A. Wealth. B. Power. C. Health. D. Happiness. 5. Why are kite-making classes introduced in schools? A. To attract tourists. B. To make money. C. To replace modern toys. D. To protect traditional art. 1.C 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.D $