Unit 1 Past and present（阅读回答问题专练）英语新教材译林版八年级下册

Unit 1 Past and present 阅读回答问题专练 话题：人与社会—发展 基础篇 01 根据短文内容回答问题（每小题答案不超过10个单词）。 New Energy Vehicles: Driving Towards a Greener Future In recent years, new energy vehicles (NEVs), especially electric cars (EVs, 电车), have become a hot topic worldwide. As countries want to reduce air pollution and control climate change, NEVs are seen as a key way. China, for example, has taken a leading role in this field, creating the world’s largest EV market. In 2024, 40% of the 753,000 EVs sold worldwide were sold in China, far more than other countries. NEVs are environmentally friendly. Unlike traditional fossil fuel cars (油车), which emit harmful gases, EVs produce zero tailpipe pollution. Charging (充电) an EV is also cheaper than fueling a gasoline car. As Wu Hao, an EV owner in China, said “Charging costs much less than buying gas.” Additionally, governments encourage people to buy NEVs. However, there were some challenges. A few years ago, finding charging stations was difficult, and EVs couldn’t travel long distances. But progress has been made. China built over 167,000 charging stations, forming the world’s largest EV charging network. Battery (电池) technology is also improved, allowing newer models to drive farther on a single charge. Many believe autonomous driving and advanced battery systems are making NEVs more appealing to (吸引) young people. In conclusion, with technological improvement and government support, NEVs are made to change how we travel, making our cities cleaner and our future brighter. 1．How many electric cars were sold in China in 2024? 2．According to Wu Hao, why are electric cars better than traditional fossil fuel cars? 3．What were the challenges of electric cars a few years ago? 4．What makes NEVs more appealing to young people? 5．What do you think of New Energy Vehicles? 1．301,200. 2． Charging (an EV) is cheaper./Charging costs much less than buying gas. 3． Finding charging stations and driving long distances. 4． Autonomous driving and advanced battery systems. 5．They can save energy./Greener. (言之有理即可) 【导语】本文主要介绍了新能源汽车的发展现状、优势、面临的挑战以及未来前景。 1．根据“In 2024, 40% of the 753,000 EVs sold worldwide were sold in China”可知，2024年全球销售的75.3万辆电动汽车中，有40%是在中国销售的，计算得出753,000×40%=301,200辆。故填301,200. 2．根据“Charging costs much less than buying gas”可知，吴浩认为充电比买汽油便宜得多。故填Charging (an EV) is cheaper./Charging costs much less than buying gas. 3．根据“A few years ago, finding charging stations was difficult, and EVs couldn’t travel long distances.”可知，几年前电动汽车面临的挑战是寻找充电站和长距离行驶。故填Finding charging stations and driving long distances. 4．根据“Many believe autonomous driving and advanced battery systems are making NEVs more appealing to (吸引) young people.”可知，自动驾驶和先进的电池系统使新能源汽车对年轻人更具吸引力。故填Autonomous driving and advanced battery systems. 5．开放性问题，言之有理即可。参考答案为They can save energy./Greener. 02 阅读下面短文，用英语回答短文后的问题。 In our school, most students get to school between 7:30 and 8:00 in the morning. Some arrive on foot, and some take the bus. However, 80% of the students arrive in their parents’ cars. The entrance (入口) to the school is crowded and dangerous. I think there are a few things we can do. First, we should encourage students to take the bus or walk to school. Taking the bus can help cut down air pollution. Walking is healthier, too. Next, what should parents do if their children have to come to school by car? I think their parents should park their cars far away from the school entrance. For example, they can park their cars at the end of the street. Finally, in my opinion, when parents park dangerously in front of the school entrance, they will be punished and have to pay some money — a fine (罚金). This way, they will think twice before parking. In a word, cars make it dangerous for students to enter the school safely. So, encouraging students to walk to school, or asking parents to park away from the school gate could solve this problem. 1．How do most of the students go to school? 2．What should parents do if their children have to come to school by car? 3．Are you willing to walk to school? Why? 1． Most of the students go to school in their parents’ cars. 2． They should park their cars far away from the school entrance. 3． Yes, because it can keep me fit. (言之有理即可) 【导语】本文作者针对学校门口附近交通问题提出了几点建议。 1．根据第一段“However, 80% of the students arrive in their parents’ cars.”可知，学生都是乘坐父母的车来学校的。故填Most of the students go to school in their parents’ cars. 2．根据第二段“Next, what should parents do if their children have to come to school by car? I think their parents should park their cars far away from the school entrance.”可知，家长们应该把车停在离学校入口较远的地方。故填They should park their cars far away from the school entrance. 3．此题为开放性题目，言之有理即可。需结合个人情况，描述是否愿意走路去上学，原因是什么。故填Yes, because it can keep me fit. 03 Is it very interesting to travel by plane? For people who fly often in economy class(经济舱), the answer may be no. They may feel very tired because of the limited room. But according to Ron Soret, an airplane scientist, there are some ways to enjoy the journey better. Sit near the front of the plane. When choosing seats, choosing a seat near the front of the plane will have a smoother ride. Soret says, “The front part of the plane is usually the most comfortable. You hardly feel the turbulence(骚乱) if it is not very serious.” Soret also says the front part of the plane is the quietest. Taking an aisle seat(靠过道座位) is also a good choice. Soret says the aisle seats have bigger leg room. But sitting on the aisle comes with the duty of getting up when fellow passengers in the row have to use the bathroom. Paying attention to the temperature is important, too. Temperatures in the planes are usually similar to those of your home. And if you are too cold, you can ask for blankets. 根据短文内容回答问题（每小题答案不超过7个单词） 1．Why may people feel tired when they fly in economy class? 2．Where is the quietest? 3．Is taking an aisle seat a good choice? 4．What can you ask for if you feel cold on a plane? 5．How many pieces of advice does Soret give in the passage? 1． Because of the limited room./ Because the room is limited. 2． The front part of plane. 3． Yes./Yes, it is. 4． Blankets./A blanket. 5． Three./3. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。飞机科学家Ron Soret给人们介绍了如何更舒适地乘坐飞机。 1．根据第一段中“They may feel very tired because of the limited room.”可知，人们觉得坐飞机疲倦是因为空间有限，故填Because of the limited room./Because the room is limited. 2．根据第二段末尾“Soret also says the front part of the plane is the quietest.”可知，飞机的前面部分是最安静的。故填The front part of the plane. 3．根据第三段中“Taking an aisle seat is also a good choice.”可知，坐在靠过道的座位也是个不错的选择。故填Yes./Yes, it is. 4．根据第四段中“And if you are too cold, you can ask for blankets.”可知，觉得太冷了可以要毯子。故填Blankets./A blanket. 5．通读全文可知，第二第三第四段各给出了一个建议，分别是：坐在前端；坐在靠过道的座位；要求用毯子。故填Three./3. 04 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。(NO MORE THAN 5 WORDS) Luxembourg（卢森堡）is one of Europe’s smallest counties, yet it has serious traffic problems. But it has changed. As from March 1,2020 all public transport — train, trams and buses — in the county is free. Luxembourg, one of the richest countries in Europe, has a population（人口）of only 614,000. Because of its high pay, the country now is a very wonderful place for jobs. Besides, from the capital of Luxembourg City, one can reach Belgium and France in half an hour by car. So it’s not hard to understand that half of the country’s workforce（劳动力）are from Belgium and France. Here comes the problem. Most of these people go to work by car, and that makes the heavy traffic in Luxembourg even worse. And that also cause environmental problems. More than 50% of Luxembourg’s greenhouse gas emissions（排放）come from transport. The government hopes the move will improve the traffic as well as the environment. 1．When is all public transport free in Luxembourg? 2．Why do people in Belgium and France want to work in Luxembourg? 3．How long does it take to reach Belgium from the capital of Luxembourg City by car? 4．How do most people go to work in Luxembourg? 5．What problems does Luxembourg have now except traffic problems? 1． From March1, 2020. 2． Because of its high pay. 3． Half an hour. 4． By car. 5． Environmental problems. 【分析】本文介绍了卢森堡成为全球首个公共交通免费的国家的事件。 1．根据“As from March 1,2020 all public transport—train, trams and buses—in the county is free.”可知，从2020年3月1日起。故填From March1, 2020. 2．根据“Because of its high pay,…So it’s not hard to understand that half of the country’s workforce（劳动力）are from Belgium and France.”可知，比利时和法国的人希望在卢森堡工作，因为那里的工资很高。故填Because of its high pay. 3．根据“…, one can reach Belgium and France in half an hour by car.”可知，从卢森堡首都开车到比利时需要半小时。故填Half an hour. 4．根据“Most of these people go to work by car,”可知，大多数人开车去卢森堡上班。故填By car. 5．根据“And that also cause environmental problems.”可知，卢森堡现在除了交通问题外还有环境问题。故填Environmental problems. 05 Bikes are popular in the Dutch(荷兰). In fact, nearly half of all travel in the Dutch is by bike. Now, one Dutch bike designer(设计师), Thomas, has taken the country’s interest in bikes by making a school bus bike. The big bike has eight seats for kids, a driver seat for an adult(成年人), and three other seats, comfortably letting little kids for their trip to and from school. The bike even has a motor, which can help with high hills or at times when a few kids are on it. So far, Thomas tells Fast Company, he’s sold 25 school-bikes, at a price of $ 25,000 each—less than it would cost to buy a traditional school bus with the same number of seats. Along with the traditional color, the bikes are yellow so that people can see them easily. Thomas says he’s sold school bus bikes to neighboring countries such as Belgium, England and Germany, but so far, the United States hasn’t bought the school bus bike. If the U.S. agrees to buy this kind of school bus bike, it could do a lot of good to improve exercise for a young age and help them keep healthy. 1．How do people in the Dutch usually go to work? 2．Why are the school bus bikes yellow in the Dutch? 3．Do you like the school bus bikes in the Dutch? Why? 1． By bike. 2． Because people can see them easily. 3． Yes, I do. Because it can not only keep me healthy, but also protect environment. 【分析】本文主要介绍了Thomas设计的一款校车自行车。 1．根据“In fact, nearly half of all travel in the Dutch is by bike”可知，荷兰的人们通常是骑自行车去上班，故填By bike. 2．根据“the bikes are yellow so that people can see them easily”可知，自行车的颜色是黄色的，是为了让人们容易地看到它们，故填Because people can see them easily. 3．开放性题，答案合理即可。是的，我喜欢这款校车自行车。因为它不但可以帮助我保持健康，还可以保护环境，故填Yes, I do. Because it can not only keep me healthy, but also protect environment. 06 Thank you for booking a holiday at Mystery Island. We are sure you will have a good time here; your room will be ready for you from 2 p.m. There are 3 ways to travel to the island. First, you can take the train. It travels across a bridge and onto the island. The train was built last year. It costs 20 dollars for each passenger and takes about one hour. There is also a boat which leaves every two hours. It takes two hours and only costs ten dollars. The boat trip is very comfortable. The boat runs every day, unless the sea is too dangerous to travel on. Last, there is the plane. This costs 60 dollars and takes around 20 minutes. The airport is a 30-minute bus trip from town. It offers a beautiful view of the island. Call us on Monday to arrange your travel to the island. 注：每题答案不超过6个词。 1．How many ways are there to travel to Mystery Island? 2．Was the train built many years ago? 3．How often does the boat leave every day? 4．How long does it take a bus to go from town to the airport? 5．Which is the cheapest way to travel to the island? 1． Three ways. 2． No. 3． Every two hours. 4． 30 minutes. 5． Taking a boat. 【导语】本文介绍了前往神秘岛的三种交通方式及其费用、耗时等信息。 1．根据“There are 3 ways to travel to the island”可知有三种方式前往神秘岛。故填Three ways. 2．根据“The train was built last year”可知火车不是多年前建造的。故填No. 3．根据“There is also a boat which leaves every two hours”可知船每两小时一班。故填Every two hours. 4．根据“The airport is a 30-minute bus trip from town”可知从镇上到机场需要30分钟。故填30 minutes. 5．根据“There is also a boat which leaves every two hours. It takes two hours and only costs ten dollars. ”可知乘船是最便宜的交通方式。故填Taking a boat. 提升篇 07 They make people scream in fear, yet people pay for a chance to ride them. What are they? They are roller coasters, of course. Hundreds of roller coasters make people excited at theme parks around the country. The first roller coaster in the United States was a train. People built it in 1800 in order to carry coal (煤) down a mountain. When it was no longer used as a coal train, it began a new life as an amusement (娱乐) ride. It went 18 miles downhill at a speed of 6 miles per hour. The entire ride lasted almost three hours. Modern coaster tracks (轨道) are measured (计量) in feet rather than miles. The rides last minutes instead of hours, but they are far more exciting. Some reach a speed of 100 miles per hour. People started building real roller coasters in the 1880s. Some gave such a wild ride that people often got hurt on them. Today’s roller coasters are not dangerous. Safety bars(座椅) and harnesses (安全带) hold riders in place. In addition, workers spend four hours each day checking the coasters. In some parks, computers monitor (监控) the coasters throughout each ride. 根据短文内容，回答问题 （每题答案不超过5个词） 1．What was the first roller coaster used as in America? 2．What speed did some modern roller coasters reach? 3．When did real roller coasters start? 4．What are the safety bars and harnesses used to do? 5．What do you think of the roller coaster ride? 1． A coal train. 2． 100 miles per hour. 3． In the 1880s . 4． To hold riders in place. 5． It’s fast / exciting. 【导语】本文介绍了过山车的发展过程。 1．根据“The first roller coaster in the United States was a train. People built it in 1800 in order to carry coal (煤) down a mountain.”可知，美国的第一个过山车是一列运煤火车，故填A coal train. 2．根据“Some reach a speed of 100 miles per hour.”可知，一些现代过山车的速度能达到每小时100英里，故填100 miles per hour. 3．根据“People started building real roller coasters in the 1880s.”可知，人们在19世纪80年代开始建造真正的过山车。故填In the 1880s. 4．根据“Safety bars (座椅) and harnesses (安全带) hold riders in place.”可知，安全座椅和安全带让乘坐过山车的人固定在适当的位置。故填To hold riders in place. 5．根据“The rides last minutes instead of hours, but they are far more exciting. Some reach a speed of 100 miles per hour.”可知，我认为过山车非常快，非常刺激，故填It’s fast / exciting. 08 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 Electric scooter safety If you look around the streets of London, you’ll see people move around in many different ways. Whether it’s on the way to work, a journey to the shops, or a sightseeing trip, there’re people on buses, the Tube, cars, motorbikes, bicycles and even roller skates. The traffic is already heavy and now there’s a new way of transport—electric scooters (e-scooters). This traditional children’s vehicle (交通工具) has become more advanced over the years. And now, scooting has become a cheap and easy way of transport, so it’s no wonder they’re becoming more and more popular in cities around the world. But following a lot of traffic accidents caused by electric scooters in the UK, questions are being asked about their safety and whether traffic laws should be changed. Some scooter riders have been seen on pavements (人行道) and others on the road jumping red traffic lights, making the car drivers annoyed (恼火). In the UK, the law states that anyone mustn’t ride a scooter on the public highway or pavement. The police will fine (罚款) the riders up to £300 and take away six points on their driving licence (执照) for doing so. But, despite (尽管) this, it seems that there’re still many young people on e-scooters everywhere. And now users are calling on rules to be changed. The UK government is looking at how safely they can be used on the road and is reviewing the law. But its transport minister, Michael Ellis, has told the BBC that, “e-scooters are appearing in countries around the world and are an exciting innovation (创新) for which we know there is need. However, safety must always be in our mind when thinking about their use on public highways in this country.” It’s true there are dangers in riding a two-wheeled scooter. Despite the fact that only a few e-scooters can be faster than 30mph, they sometimes only have one brake ( 刹车) and no lights. They also become dangerous if the riders hit something, and however confident the riders may be, larger vehicles on the road make them easy to be hurt. So it seems more work needs to be done to give e-scooters a safe space to travel in. 1．How many ways of transport does the writer mention (提及) in Paragraph 1? 2．Why do more and more people like riding e-scooters? 3．How will the police in the UK punish (处罚) the people riding e-scooters on the public highways or pavements? 4．What does Michael Ellis think we must always keep in our mind? 5．What do you think of riding e-scooters?(请自拟作答) 1． Seven. 2． Because it’s a cheap and easy way of transport. 3． They will fine them up to £300 and take away six points on their driving licence./By fining them up to £300 and taking away six points on their driving licence. 4． Safety. 5． It’s convenient./It’s interesting./It’s dangerous. 【导语】本文讨论了电动滑板车作为新兴交通方式在伦敦等城市的普及、它们引发的安全问题、对交通规则的挑战，以及政府对这些问题的态度和正在进行的法律审查，强调了在为电动滑板车创造安全旅行空间方面需要做更多的工作。 1．根据“Whether it’s on the way to work, a journey to the shops, or a sightseeing trip, there’re people on buses, the Tube, cars, motorbikes, bicycles and even roller skates. The traffic is already heavy and now there’s a new way of transport—electric scooters (e-scooters).”可知，本段提及了公交车、地铁、汽车、摩托车、自行车、轮滑以及电动滑板车，一共7种交通方式。故填Seven/7. 2．根据“And now, scooting has become a cheap and easy way of transport, so it’s no wonder they’re becoming more and more popular in cities around the world.”可知，滑板车越来越受欢迎是因为它已经成为一种便宜又方便的交通方式。故填Because it’s a cheap and easy way of transport. 3．根据“The police will fine (罚款) the riders up to £300 and take away six points on their driving licence (执照) for doing so.”可知，警方将对这些驾驶员处以最高300英镑的罚款，并在驾驶执照上扣6分。故填They will fine them up to £300 and take away six points on their driving licence./By fining them up to £300 and taking away six points on their driving licence. 4．根据“safety must always be in our mind”可知，Michael Ellis认为我们必须时刻把安全放在心中。故填Safety. 5．开放性作答，言之有理即可。参考答案为It’s convenient./It’s interesting./It’s dangerous. 09 “How do you get to school?” This question often gets an answer like “by bus” or “walk” or “My parents take me by car.” But not always — there are children in many different parts of the world who, every day, have to go on a difficult way to get to their lessons. They travel for kilometres on foot, bicycle, donkey or train. They cross deserts (沙漠), mountains, rivers, snow and ice: for example, a pupil at Gulu Village Primary School, China, rides a donkey as his grandfather walks beside him. The school is far away from the village. It is halfway up a mountain，so it takes five hours to climb from the bottom of the mountain to the school. The dangerous path is only 45 centimetres wide in some places. And they are not the only ones, kids in many countries do this and more. Some children in Indonesia have to cross a bridge ten metres above a dangerous river to get to their class on time. (Some years ago the bridge fell down after a very heavy rain.) Then they walk many more kilometres through the forest to their school in Banten. The children of the Inupiat community in Alaska, the USA go to school and then come back when it is dark, some children have to cross a piece of wood between two walls of an old castle every morning. In Sri Lanka, some children have to cross a piece of wood between two walls of an old castle every morning. Their teacher watches them carefully. Six-year-old Fabricio Oliveira gets on his donkey every morning to ride with his friends for over an hour through a desert in the very dry Sertão area of Northeast Brazil. Their school is in Extrema. It’s a tiny village — very few people live there. So one question we can ask is: why do the children do this? Because their parents make them do it? The answer, in many cases, is no — it’s because for them going to school means a better future: they hope to get a job so they can help their families and their neighbours. And this is why rivers, deserts or danger won’t stop them on their way to school. 1．How many countries are mentioned (提及) in the passage? 2．Why do teachers in Sri Lanka watch children carefully? 3．Besides the answers in the last paragraph, what else have these children got as they tried hard to overcome (克服) difficulties?  (at least two points) 1． The passage mentions five countries：China, Indonesia, the USA, Sri Lanka, and Brazil. 2． Teachers in Sri Lanka watch children carefully because some of them have to cross a piece of wood between two walls of an old castle every morning, which could pose a danger. The teacher’s careful observation ensures the safety of the children. 3． 开放性作答，言之成理即可，参考答案为In addition to the hope for a better future, these children have developed resilience and a sense of responsibility towards their families and communities. They demonstrate courage and determination in overcoming challenges, showing strong and brave qualities. 【导语】本文简要描述了世界各地一些孩子为了上学而面临的困难和挑战，展现了他们的勇气和决心。 1．根据第一段“for example, a pupil at Gulu Village Primary School, China, rides a donkey as his grandfather walks beside him.”；第二段 “Some children in Indonesia have to cross a bridge ten metres above a dangerous river to get to their class on time. ”以及“The children of the Inupiat community in Alaska, the USA go to school and then come back when it is dark, some children have to cross a piece of wood between two walls of an old castle every morning.”以及“In Sri Lanka, some children have to cross a piece of wood between two walls of an old castle every morning. ”和“Six-year-old Fabricio Oliveira gets on his donkey every morning to ride with his friends for over an hour through a desert in the very dry Sertão area of Northeast Brazil.”可知，文章提到了五个国家，分别是：中国、印度尼西亚、美国、斯里兰卡和巴西，故填The passage mentions five countries: China，Indonesia, the USA, Sri Lanka and Brazil. 2．根据第二段“In Sri Lanka, some children have to cross a piece of wood between two walls of an old castle every morning. ”可知，斯里兰卡的老师们对孩子们非常小心是因为他们中的一些人每天早上必须穿过一座古老城堡的两堵墙之间的一块木头，这可能会带来危险，故填Teachers in Sri Lanka watch children carefully because some of them have to cross a piece of wood between two walls of an old castle every morning, which could pose a danger. The teacher’s careful observation ensures the safety of the children. 3．开放性作答，言之成理即可，参考答案为In addition to the hope for a better future, these children have developed resilience and a sense of responsibility towards their families and communities. They demonstrate courage and determination in overcoming challenges, showing strong and brave qualities. 10 请阅读下面语篇，根据其内容回答问题。 For many foreigners, big cities like Beijing and Shanghai are the places to see the fast development of China. But for Ardle, a British vlogger (视频博主), Chinese countryside is a better place to see the development of China. Dear mom, I can’t wait to share my wonderful experiences in the countryside with you. You could not go to the places easily in the past. But now it’s cheap and easy to travel and live in the countryside. The development of the Internet is unbelievable. I needn’t worry that I couldn’t work or get in touch with you while traveling in the countryside. I really hope to see you in China soon. Ardle Ardle, 26, has lived in north Inner Mongolia (内蒙古) for five years, teaching English in a primary school in Hohhot (呼和浩特). In his free time. he likes recording his trips to villages and he has posted more than 10 such videos online so far. He said he was greatly amazed at the big changes that have taken place in the villages over the years. In his eyes, the changes are mostly in infrastructures (基础设施), such as roads, the Internet and so on. The changes of the poor population in China since the poverty reduction Ardle thought China’s efforts (努力) in poverty reduction (脱贫) lead to the great changes in the countryside. “I can’t think of many changes in the world that could be greater than that, ” Ardle said. “But when I read the numbers, they didn’t surprise me because I thought when China decides to do something, everybody gets behind it. ” 1．Where does Ardle like to go to see the development of China better? 2．How many videos has Ardle posted online about his trips to villages? 3．What can we learn from Ardle’s letter to his mom? 4．Why was Ardle not surprised at the numbers in changes of the poor population in China? 5．Has your hometown changed in the last 5 years? What can you do to make your hometown better? 1． Chinese countryside. 2． More than 10. 3． Great changes have taken place in the countryside. 4． Because he thought when China decides to do something, everybody gets behind it. 5． Yes, my hometown has changed in the last 5 years. I can protect the environment and take part in community construction to make it better. 【导语】本文主要讲述了英国视频博主Ardle认为中国的乡村是见证中国发展的更好地方，他在内蒙古生活期间记录乡村旅行并发布了相关视频，惊叹于乡村在基础设施等方面的巨大变化，认为这是中国脱贫努力的结果，同时他对中国的执行力表示认可。 1．根据“But for Ardle, a British vlogger (视频博主), Chinese countryside is a better place to see the development of China”可知，对于Ardle来说，中国的乡村是更好的见证中国发展的地方。故填Chinese countryside. 2．根据“he likes recording his trips to villages and he has posted more than 10 such videos online so far”可知，Ardle在网上发布了超过10个关于他乡村旅行的视频。故填More than 10. 3．根据信件中“You could not go to the places easily in the past. But now it’s cheap and easy to travel and live in the countryside. The development of the Internet is unbelievable. I needn’t worry that I couldn’t work or get in touch with you while traveling in the countryside. ”可知，我们可以得知乡村发生了很大的变化。故填Great changes have taken place in the countryside. 4．根据“But when I read the numbers, they didn’t surprise me because I thought when China decides to do something, everybody gets behind it”可知，Ardle对中国贫困人口变化的数据不感到惊讶，因为他认为当中国决定做某件事时，每个人都会支持。故填 Because he thought when China decides to do something, everybody gets behind it. 5．此题为开放性问题，结合实际情况回答即可。参考答案为Yes, my hometown has changed in the last 5 years. I can protect the environment and take part in community construction to make it better. 答案第1页，共2页 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Past and present 阅读回答问题专练 话题：人与社会—发展 基础篇 01 根据短文内容回答问题（每小题答案不超过10个单词）。 New Energy Vehicles: Driving Towards a Greener Future In recent years, new energy vehicles (NEVs), especially electric cars (EVs, 电车), have become a hot topic worldwide. As countries want to reduce air pollution and control climate change, NEVs are seen as a key way. China, for example, has taken a leading role in this field, creating the world’s largest EV market. In 2024, 40% of the 753,000 EVs sold worldwide were sold in China, far more than other countries. NEVs are environmentally friendly. Unlike traditional fossil fuel cars (油车), which emit harmful gases, EVs produce zero tailpipe pollution. Charging (充电) an EV is also cheaper than fueling a gasoline car. As Wu Hao, an EV owner in China, said “Charging costs much less than buying gas.” Additionally, governments encourage people to buy NEVs. However, there were some challenges. A few years ago, finding charging stations was difficult, and EVs couldn’t travel long distances. But progress has been made. China built over 167,000 charging stations, forming the world’s largest EV charging network. Battery (电池) technology is also improved, allowing newer models to drive farther on a single charge. Many believe autonomous driving and advanced battery systems are making NEVs more appealing to (吸引) young people. In conclusion, with technological improvement and government support, NEVs are made to change how we travel, making our cities cleaner and our future brighter. 1．How many electric cars were sold in China in 2024? 2．According to Wu Hao, why are electric cars better than traditional fossil fuel cars? 3．What were the challenges of electric cars a few years ago? 4．What makes NEVs more appealing to young people? 5．What do you think of New Energy Vehicles? 02 阅读下面短文，用英语回答短文后的问题。 In our school, most students get to school between 7:30 and 8:00 in the morning. Some arrive on foot, and some take the bus. However, 80% of the students arrive in their parents’ cars. The entrance (入口) to the school is crowded and dangerous. I think there are a few things we can do. First, we should encourage students to take the bus or walk to school. Taking the bus can help cut down air pollution. Walking is healthier, too. Next, what should parents do if their children have to come to school by car? I think their parents should park their cars far away from the school entrance. For example, they can park their cars at the end of the street. Finally, in my opinion, when parents park dangerously in front of the school entrance, they will be punished and have to pay some money — a fine (罚金). This way, they will think twice before parking. In a word, cars make it dangerous for students to enter the school safely. So, encouraging students to walk to school, or asking parents to park away from the school gate could solve this problem. 1．How do most of the students go to school? 2．What should parents do if their children have to come to school by car? 3．Are you willing to walk to school? Why? 03 Is it very interesting to travel by plane? For people who fly often in economy class(经济舱), the answer may be no. They may feel very tired because of the limited room. But according to Ron Soret, an airplane scientist, there are some ways to enjoy the journey better. Sit near the front of the plane. When choosing seats, choosing a seat near the front of the plane will have a smoother ride. Soret says, “The front part of the plane is usually the most comfortable. You hardly feel the turbulence(骚乱) if it is not very serious.” Soret also says the front part of the plane is the quietest. Taking an aisle seat(靠过道座位) is also a good choice. Soret says the aisle seats have bigger leg room. But sitting on the aisle comes with the duty of getting up when fellow passengers in the row have to use the bathroom. Paying attention to the temperature is important, too. Temperatures in the planes are usually similar to those of your home. And if you are too cold, you can ask for blankets. 根据短文内容回答问题（每小题答案不超过7个单词） 1．Why may people feel tired when they fly in economy class? 2．Where is the quietest? 3．Is taking an aisle seat a good choice? 4．What can you ask for if you feel cold on a plane? 5．How many pieces of advice does Soret give in the passage? 04 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。(NO MORE THAN 5 WORDS) Luxembourg（卢森堡）is one of Europe’s smallest counties, yet it has serious traffic problems. But it has changed. As from March 1,2020 all public transport—train, trams and buses—in the county is free. Luxembourg, one of the richest countries in Europe, has a population（人口）of only 614,000. Because of its high pay, the country now is a very wonderful place for jobs. Besides, from the capital of Luxembourg City, one can reach Belgium and France in half an hour by car. So it’s not hard to understand that half of the country’s workforce（劳动力）are from Belgium and France. Here comes the problem. Most of these people go to work by car, and that makes the heavy traffic in Luxembourg even worse. And that also cause environmental problems. More than 50% of Luxembourg’s greenhouse gas emissions（排放）come from transport. The government hopes the move will improve the traffic as well as the environment. 1．When is all public transport free in Luxembourg? 2．Why do people in Belgium and France want to work in Luxembourg? 3．How long does it take to reach Belgium from the capital of Luxembourg City by car? 4．How do most people go to work in Luxembourg? 5．What problems does Luxembourg have now except traffic problems? 05 Bikes are popular in the Dutch(荷兰). In fact, nearly half of all travel in the Dutch is by bike. Now, one Dutch bike designer(设计师), Thomas, has taken the country’s interest in bikes by making a school bus bike. The big bike has eight seats for kids, a driver seat for an adult(成年人), and three other seats, comfortably letting little kids for their trip to and from school. The bike even has a motor, which can help with high hills or at times when a few kids are on it. So far, Thomas tells Fast Company, he’s sold 25 school-bikes, at a price of $ 25,000 each—less than it would cost to buy a traditional school bus with the same number of seats. Along with the traditional color, the bikes are yellow so that people can see them easily. Thomas says he’s sold school bus bikes to neighboring countries such as Belgium, England and Germany, but so far, the United States hasn’t bought the school bus bike. If the U.S. agrees to buy this kind of school bus bike, it could do a lot of good to improve exercise for a young age and help them keep healthy. 1．How do people in the Dutch usually go to work? 2．Why are the school bus bikes yellow in the Dutch? 3．Do you like the school bus bikes in the Dutch? Why? 06 Thank you for booking a holiday at Mystery Island. We are sure you will have a good time here; your room will be ready for you from 2 p.m. There are 3 ways to travel to the island. First, you can take the train. It travels across a bridge and onto the island. The train was built last year. It costs 20 dollars for each passenger and takes about one hour. There is also a boat which leaves every two hours. It takes two hours and only costs ten dollars. The boat trip is very comfortable. The boat runs every day, unless the sea is too dangerous to travel on. Last, there is the plane. This costs 60 dollars and takes around 20 minutes. The airport is a 30-minute bus trip from town. It offers a beautiful view of the island. Call us on Monday to arrange your travel to the island. 注：每题答案不超过6个词。 1．How many ways are there to travel to Mystery Island? 2．Was the train built many years ago? 3．How often does the boat leave every day? 4．How long does it take a bus to go from town to the airport? 5．Which is the cheapest way to travel to the island? 提升篇 07 They make people scream in fear, yet people pay for a chance to ride them. What are they? They are roller coasters, of course. Hundreds of roller coasters make people excited at theme parks around the country. The first roller coaster in the United States was a train. People built it in 1800 in order to carry coal (煤) down a mountain. When it was no longer used as a coal train, it began a new life as an amusement (娱乐) ride. It went 18 miles downhill at a speed of 6 miles per hour. The entire ride lasted almost three hours. Modern coaster tracks (轨道) are measured (计量) in feet rather than miles. The rides last minutes instead of hours, but they are far more exciting. Some reach a speed of 100 miles per hour. People started building real roller coasters in the 1880s. Some gave such a wild ride that people often got hurt on them. Today’s roller coasters are not dangerous. Safety bars(座椅) and harnesses (安全带) hold riders in place. In addition, workers spend four hours each day checking the coasters. In some parks, computers monitor (监控) the coasters throughout each ride. 根据短文内容，回答问题 （每题答案不超过5个词） 1．What was the first roller coaster used as in America? 2．What speed did some modern roller coasters reach? 3．When did real roller coasters start? 4．What are the safety bars and harnesses used to do? 5．What do you think of the roller coaster ride? 08 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 Electric scooter safety If you look around the streets of London, you’ll see people move around in many different ways. Whether it’s on the way to work, a journey to the shops, or a sightseeing trip, there’re people on buses, the Tube, cars, motorbikes, bicycles and even roller skates. The traffic is already heavy and now there’s a new way of transport—electric scooters (e-scooters). This traditional children’s vehicle (交通工具) has become more advanced over the years. And now, scooting has become a cheap and easy way of transport, so it’s no wonder they’re becoming more and more popular in cities around the world. But following a lot of traffic accidents caused by electric scooters in the UK, questions are being asked about their safety and whether traffic laws should be changed. Some scooter riders have been seen on pavements (人行道) and others on the road jumping red traffic lights, making the car drivers annoyed (恼火). In the UK, the law states that anyone mustn’t ride a scooter on the public highway or pavement. The police will fine (罚款) the riders up to £300 and take away six points on their driving licence (执照) for doing so. But, despite (尽管) this, it seems that there’re still many young people on e-scooters everywhere. And now users are calling on rules to be changed. The UK government is looking at how safely they can be used on the road and is reviewing the law. But its transport minister, Michael Ellis, has told the BBC that, “e-scooters are appearing in countries around the world and are an exciting innovation (创新) for which we know there is need. However, safety must always be in our mind when thinking about their use on public highways in this country.” It’s true there are dangers in riding a two-wheeled scooter. Despite the fact that only a few e-scooters can be faster than 30mph, they sometimes only have one brake ( 刹车) and no lights. They also become dangerous if the riders hit something, and however confident the riders may be, larger vehicles on the road make them easy to be hurt. So it seems more work needs to be done to give e-scooters a safe space to travel in. 1．How many ways of transport does the writer mention (提及) in Paragraph 1? 2．Why do more and more people like riding e-scooters? 3．How will the police in the UK punish (处罚) the people riding e-scooters on the public highways or pavements? 4．What does Michael Ellis think we must always keep in our mind? 5．What do you think of riding e-scooters?(请自拟作答) 09 “How do you get to school?” This question often gets an answer like “by bus” or “walk” or “My parents take me by car.” But not always — there are children in many different parts of the world who, every day, have to go on a difficult way to get to their lessons. They travel for kilometres on foot, bicycle, donkey or train. They cross deserts (沙漠), mountains, rivers, snow and ice: for example, a pupil at Gulu Village Primary School, China, rides a donkey as his grandfather walks beside him. The school is far away from the village. It is halfway up a mountain，so it takes five hours to climb from the bottom of the mountain to the school. The dangerous path is only 45 centimetres wide in some places. And they are not the only ones, kids in many countries do this and more. Some children in Indonesia have to cross a bridge ten metres above a dangerous river to get to their class on time. (Some years ago the bridge fell down after a very heavy rain.) Then they walk many more kilometres through the forest to their school in Banten. The children of the Inupiat community in Alaska, the USA go to school and then come back when it is dark, some children have to cross a piece of wood between two walls of an old castle every morning. In Sri Lanka, some children have to cross a piece of wood between two walls of an old castle every morning. Their teacher watches them carefully. Six-year-old Fabricio Oliveira gets on his donkey every morning to ride with his friends for over an hour through a desert in the very dry Sertão area of Northeast Brazil. Their school is in Extrema. It’s a tiny village — very few people live there. So one question we can ask is: why do the children do this? Because their parents make them do it? The answer, in many cases, is no — it’s because for them going to school means a better future: they hope to get a job so they can help their families and their neighbours. And this is why rivers, deserts or danger won’t stop them on their way to school. 1．How many countries are mentioned (提及) in the passage? 2．Why do teachers in Sri Lanka watch children carefully? 3．Besides the answers in the last paragraph, what else have these children got as they tried hard to overcome (克服) difficulties?  (at least two points) 10 请阅读下面语篇，根据其内容回答问题。 For many foreigners, big cities like Beijing and Shanghai are the places to see the fast development of China. But for Ardle, a British vlogger (视频博主), Chinese countryside is a better place to see the development of China. Dear mom, I can’t wait to share my wonderful experiences in the countryside with you. You could not go to the places easily in the past. But now it’s cheap and easy to travel and live in the countryside. The development of the Internet is unbelievable. I needn’t worry that I couldn’t work or get in touch with you while traveling in the countryside. I really hope to see you in China soon. Ardle Ardle, 26, has lived in north Inner Mongolia (内蒙古) for five years, teaching English in a primary school in Hohhot (呼和浩特). In his free time. he likes recording his trips to villages and he has posted more than 10 such videos online so far. He said he was greatly amazed at the big changes that have taken place in the villages over the years. In his eyes, the changes are mostly in infrastructures (基础设施), such as roads, the Internet and so on. The changes of the poor population in China since the poverty reduction Ardle thought China’s efforts (努力) in poverty reduction (脱贫) lead to the great changes in the countryside. “I can’t think of many changes in the world that could be greater than that, ” Ardle said. “But when I read the numbers, they didn’t surprise me because I thought when China decides to do something, everybody gets behind it. ” 1．Where does Ardle like to go to see the development of China better? 2．How many videos has Ardle posted online about his trips to villages? 3．What can we learn from Ardle’s letter to his mom? 4．Why was Ardle not surprised at the numbers in changes of the poor population in China? 5．Has your hometown changed in the last 5 years? What can you do to make your hometown better? 答案第1页，共2页 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $