U4 Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking-（配套练习）【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册（人教版）

Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking Pre-reading Before reading the passage， answer the following question. 　Do you know something about the UK？ Tell us what you know about it. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 While-reading 第一步：析架构理清脉络 　Skim the text and fill in the blanks. 第二步：知细节明察秋毫 1.What’s the purpose of paragraph 1？（　　） A.To serve as the background. B.To introduce the topic to be discussed. C.To explain the UK’s name. D.To invite readers to visit the UK. 2.What is different in the four countries of the UK？（　　） A.The flag. B.The currency. C.The military defence. D.The education system. 3.Which is the right order of the following events？（　　） ①Scotland was joined to England. ②The Kingdom of Ireland was added. ③Wales was joined to England. ④The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland came into being. ⑤The southern part of Ireland broke away. A.①③②⑤④　　　　 B.③②①⑤④ C.①③⑤②④ D.③①②⑤④ 4.What’s the author’s attitude towards studying history？（　　） A.Uncertain. B.Negative. C.Supportive. D.Doubtful. 第三步：辨难句拆分解读 1.Almost everywhere you go in the UK， you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. 句式分析： 自主翻译：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2.The capital city London is a great place to start， as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. 句式分析： 自主翻译：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Post-reading 第一步：抒己见提升思维 　Why is it important to study the history and culture of a country before visiting it？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 第二步：课文语法填空 　　Many people are confused about the 1.　　　　　 （mean） of the names： the United Kingdom， Great Britain， Britain and England.2.　　　　　　 （solve） this puzzle， knowing a little bit about British history will help. 　　In the 16th century， the nearby country of Wales 3.　　　　　　　 （join） to the Kingdom of England， followed by the country Scotland in the 18th century.In the 19th century， the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.4.　　　　　　 （final）， in the 20th century， the southern part of Ireland broke away 5.　　　　　　 the UK， resulting in the full name we have today： “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.People from the UK are called “British”， 6.　　　　　　 means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain. 　　Even though the four countries 7.　　　　 （belong） to the United Kingdom work together in some areas， such as using the same flag， sharing the same currency and military 8.　　　　　　 （defend）， they also have some differences.Anyhow， the United Kingdom has 9.　　　　 long and interesting history to explore， which can help you understand much more about the country and 10.　　　　 （it） traditions. WHAT’S IN A NAME？ 　　The United Kingdom， Great Britain， Britain， England — many people are confused by① [1]what these different names mean.So what is the difference between them， if any②？ [2]Getting to know a little bit③ about British history will help you solve this puzzle④. 　　[1]what引导宾语从句，在从句中作mean的宾语。 　　[2]Getting to know ...是动词-ing短语作主语。 　　In the 16th century， the nearby⑤ country of Wales⑥ was joined to⑦ the Kingdom of England.Later， in the 18th century， the country Scotland⑧ was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.In the 19th century， the Kingdom of Ireland was added⑨ to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.Finally， in the 20th century， the southern part of Ireland broke away from⑩ the UK， [3]which resulted in⑪ the full name we have today： the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland⑫.Most people just use the shortened⑬ name：“the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.People from the UK are called “British”， [4]which means the UK is also often referred to as⑭ Britain or Great Britain. 　　[3]关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句的内容。其中we have today是省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词the full name。 　　[4]关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句的内容。 　　The four countries [5]that belong⑮ to the United Kingdom work together in some areas⑯.They use the same flag， [6]known as the Union Jack， as well as⑰ share the same currency⑱ and military⑲ defence⑳.However， they also have some differences.For example， England， Wales， Scotland， and Northern Ireland all have different education systems㉑ and legal㉒ systems.They also have their own traditions， like their own national days and national dishes.And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup！ 　　[5]关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰先行词The four countries， that在从句中作主语，不能省略。 　　[6]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the same flag。 　　The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history.[7]Exploring it can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. Almost [8] everywhere you go in the UK， you will be surrounded㉓ by evidence㉔ of four different groups of people [9]who took over㉕ at different times throughout㉖ history.The first group， [10]the Romans㉗， came in the first century.They built the first towns and good roads.Next， the Anglo-Saxons㉘ arrived in the fifth century.They introduced the beginnings of the English language㉙， and changed [11]the way people built houses.The Vikings㉚ came in the eighth century and left behind㉛ lots of new vocabulary， as well as the names of many locations㉜ across the UK.The last group were the Normans㉝.They conquered㉞ England after the well-known Battle㉟ of Hastings in the 11th century.They [12]had castles built all around England， and made changes㊱ to the legal system.The Normans were French， so many French words slowly entered into㊲ the English language. 　　[7]动词-ing短语Exploring it作主语。 　　[8]everywhere意为“处处；到处”，引导地点状语从句。 　　[9]who引导定语从句，修饰先行词four different groups of people， who在从句中作主语，不能省略。 　　[10]the Romans作The first group的同位语。 　　[11]people built houses是省略了关系代词that或in which的定语从句，修饰先行词the way； that或in which在从句中作方式状语。 　　[12]此处是have sth done结构，表示“让某事被做”。 　　[13]There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.[14]Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.The capital city London is a great place to start， [15]as it is an ancient port㊳ city that has a history dating㊴ all the way㊵ back to Roman times.There are countless historic sites to explore， and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK㊶.The UK is a fascinating㊷ mix of history and modern culture， with both new and old traditions.If you keep your eyes open㊸， you will be surprised to find㊹ that you can see both its past and its present. 　　[13]此处是“there be＋主语＋to do”结构，动词不定式表示动作尚未发生。 　　[14]Studying the history of the country是动词-ing短语作主语； make your visit much more enjoyable为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语（形容词）”结构。 　　[15]as在句中引导原因状语从句；that has a history ...是关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词an ancient port city； dating all the way back to Roman times是动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰a history。 ①be confused by对……感到困惑 ②if any如果有什么的话 if so如果这/那样的话 ③a little bit一点儿 ④puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑 solve a puzzle解开谜题 puzzling adj.令人困惑的 puzzled adj.感到困惑的 ⑤nearby adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近 ⑥Wales威尔士（英国） ⑦join ...to ...把……和……连接或联结起来 join sb in doing sth加入某人一起做某事 ⑧Scotland苏格兰（英国） ⑨add v.增加，增添 ⑩break away （from sb/sth）脱离；背叛；逃脱 ⑪result in导致 result from由于 ⑫Northern Ireland北爱尔兰（英国） ⑬shorten vt.缩短 ⑭refer to ...as ...把……称为…… ⑮belong vi.应在（某处）；适应 belong to属于 ⑯area n.领域，方面 field n.领域 ⑰as well as同（一样也）；和；还 as well as用于连接两个并列成分；连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的数和第一个主语一致。 ⑱currency n.通货；货币 ⑲military adj.军事的；军用的 ⑳defence n.防御；保卫 ㉑education system教育体制 ㉒legal adj.法律的；合法的 ㉓surround vt.围绕；包围 be surrounded by ... 被……包围 ㉔evidence n.证据；证明 ㉕take over接管；掌管 ㉖throughout prep.各处；遍及；自始至终 ㉗Roman adj.古罗马的；罗马的 n.古罗马人；罗马市民 ㉘Anglo-Saxon盎格鲁—撒克逊人 ㉙the English language英语 the Chinese language汉语 ㉚Viking n.维京人；北欧海盗 ㉛leave behind留下 ㉜location n.地方；地点；位置 ㉝the Normans诺曼人 ㉞conquer vt.占领；征服；控制 ㉟battle n.战役；搏斗 vi.& vt.搏斗；奋斗 Battle of Hastings 黑斯廷斯战役 ㊱make changes进行变更；作出改变 ㊲enter into进入；成为……的一部分 ㊳port n.港口（城市） ㊴date back to＝date from追溯至 ㊵all the way一直 ㊶all over the UK全英国 all over China全中国 ㊷fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的 ㊸keep your eyes open （for）留心；留意 ㊹be surprised to do sth很惊奇地做某事 名为何物？ 　　联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——这些不同的名称是何意思，许多人感到困惑。那么，如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在？稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。 　　十六世纪时，邻国威尔士并入英格兰王国。随后，苏格兰在十八世纪也加入进来，从而诞生了大不列颠王国。十九世纪时，爱尔兰王国加入，组成了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。大多数人只是使用简称：“联合王国。”来自联合王国的人被称为“英国人”，这意味着联合王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。 　　同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗，联合王国国旗。然而，它们之间仍有诸多区别。例如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰及北爱尔兰实行不同的教育和法律制度。它们也有各自的传统，比如有自己的国庆节和本国菜肴。它们甚至拥有自己的足球队，出征诸如“世界杯”之类的赛事！ 　　英国历史源远流长、别有趣味。探索英国历史帮助你更加深入地了解这一国家及其传统。英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。第一族群是古罗马人，于公元一世纪进入英国。他们建立了第一批城镇，修建了道路。之后是盎格鲁—撒克逊人，于公元五世纪到达英国，他们引入了英语的雏形，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。维京人于公元八世纪到来，留下了诸多新的词汇，并给英国境内的许多地方命名。最后一个族群是诺曼人。十一世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后，诺曼人征服了英格兰，四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。诺曼人即为法国人，许多法语单词因此慢慢进入了英语。 　　英国的历史文化引人入胜，可学之处比比皆是。学习这个国家的历史，你的英国之旅将更为愉快。以首都伦敦为第一站，是个不错的选择。伦敦是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。市内可供游览的历史遗址数不胜数，还有许多博物馆陈列着来自英国各地的文物。在英国，历史与现代文化交融，新旧传统并存，引人入胜。用心去观察，英国的过去与现在都将展示在你面前，令你叹为观止。 Ⅰ.词块默写 1.　　　　　　　　　对……感到困惑 2.　　　　　　　 把……和……连接或联结起来 3.　　　　　　　 脱离；背叛；逃脱 4.　　　　　　　 导致 5.　　　　　　　 把……称为…… 6.　　　　　　　 在某些领域紧密合作 7.　　　　　　　 作为……而著名 8.　　　　　　　 拥有同样的货币和国防 9.　　　　　　　 历史源远流长、别有趣味 10.　　　　　　　 被……包围 11.　　　　　　　 接管，控制 12.　　　　　　　 使某人的旅途更为愉快 13.　　　　　　　 追溯到罗马时代 14.　　　　　　　 历史与现代文化交融，引人入胜 15.　　　　　　　 留心；留意 Ⅱ.课文原句默写 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 那么，如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在？ 2.They introduced the beginnings of the English language， and changed 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 他们引入了英语的雏形，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。 3.They 　　　　　　　　　　all around England，and made changes to the legal system. 他们在英格兰四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。 4.Studying the history of the country will 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 学习这个国家的历史，你的英国之旅将更为愉快。 提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 4　Section Ⅱ （1） 核心词汇集释 1.puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑 教材原句　Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle. 稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。 【用法】 （1）be a puzzle to sb　 对某人来说是个谜 （2）puzzle （oneself/sb） about/over 苦苦思索，绞尽脑汁 （3）puzzlement n. 困惑；迷惘 in puzzlement 迷惑地 （4）puzzled adj. 困惑的；迷惑不解的 puzzling adj. 令人困惑的，令人迷惑的 【佳句】　What puzzles me is how to get along with him.Could you be kind enough to offer me some tips？ （求助信） 使我感到困惑的是如何和他相处，您可以给我一些建议吗？ 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①When the little girl was asked such a 　　　　question， she stood there with a 　　　　　　look on her face.（puzzle） ②She looked at him 　　　　puzzlement， not understanding why he had made such a strange decision. 【写美】　完成句子 ③Hearing that you 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， I’m writing to give you some tips. （建议信） 得知你对于如何适应新环境感到困惑，我写信给你一些建议。 2.break away （from sb/sth） 脱离；背叛；逃脱 教材原句　Finally， in the 20th century， the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK， which resulted in the full name we have today： the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 【用法】 break down　　　损坏；发生故障；分解；累垮 break in 破门而入；打断（谈话等） break into 闯入；破门而入 break out （战争）爆发；（火灾）突然发生 break up 结束；破裂 【佳句】　Only then did I realise that it was so foolish of me to break away from all of my friends and stop contacting them.（主旨升华） 只有在那时我才意识到我与所有的朋友断了联系，不再来往。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Learning that my partner’s health broke 　　　　　　， I was so anxious that tears rolled down my face. ②In case a big fire breaks 　　　　， you must learn more about how to prevent fires in advance. 【写美】　完成句子 ③So long as you 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， you will surely make greater progress. 只要你改掉那些坏习惯，你必定会取得更大进步。 3.surround vt.围绕；包围 教材原句　Almost everywhere you go in the UK， you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. 英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。 【用法】 （1）surround ...with ...　　以……包围…… be surrounded by/with ... 被……环绕/包围 （2）surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的 surroundings n. 环境（复数） 【佳句】　① The small town is surrounded by green mountains and clear rivers， attracting visitors from all over the world. 这座小城镇被青山绿水环绕，吸引着来自世界各地的游客。 ②The surrounding sights really took my breath away. 周边的景色着实令我惊叹不已。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①You’d better surround yourself 　　　　　Chinese-speaking people to practice speaking Chinese. ②　　　　　　　　 （surround） by colorful flowers， the black and white houses look like a traditional Chinese painting. 【写美】　完成句子 ③I hope my advice will be helpful to you and believe you will 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（建议信） 希望我的建议能对你有所帮助，相信你很快就能适应新的环境。 4.evidence n.证据；证明 【用法】 （1）There is some evidence that ...　有证据证明…… （2）evident adj. 明显的，明白的 It is evident that ... 显然…… （3）evidently adv. 显然地；明显地 【佳句】　There’s some evidence that outdoor activities are good for us. 有证据证明，户外活动对我们有好处。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①We have enough evidence 　　　　　　（prove） the professor is right. ②There is strong evidence 　　　　　　laughter can improve health and fight diseases. 【写美】　完成句子 ③　　　　　　　　　　 Henry didn’t realise how serious the situation was. （情绪描写） 显然，亨利没有意识到情况有多严重。 重点句型解构 1.句型公式：have sth done 让某事被做 教材原句　They had castles built all around England， and made changes to the legal system. 他们在英格兰四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。 【用法】 （1）have sth done　　　让某事被做 have sb/sth doing sth 让某人/某物持续做某事 have sb do sth 让某人做某事 （2）have sth to do 有某事要做 【品悟】　①You can have food delivered to you using food delivery apps and sites.（译林必修三） 通过外卖程序和网站，你可以让人送餐上门。 ②Throughout my entire life， I’ve had my brother trying to beat me at everything I do. 在我的一生中，我的弟弟总想在各个方面打败我。 【写美】　完成句子 ①Actually， I really hope to 　　　　　　　　　　　　and make some English friends. 事实上，我真希望提高我的英语，并结交一些英国朋友。 ②I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　on Friday， so I can’t keep you company. 星期五我有件重要的事情要处理，所以不能陪你了。 ③There is no need to worry.I will 　　　　　　　　　　at the airport. 没有必要担心。我会让汤姆去机场接你。 2.句型公式：make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 教材原句　Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable. 学习这个国家的历史，你的英国之旅将更为愉快。 【用法】 （1）“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中的宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、过去分词、介词短语、省略to的动词不定式（被动语态中to不能省略）。 （2）当宾语是动词不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语。 【品悟】　It is your rude words that made your parents very disappointed. 正是你粗鲁的话语让你的父母深感失望。 【写美】　完成句子 ①In addition， I can speak English so fluently that I can 　　　　　　　　　　　　. 此外，我可以说流利的英语，这样能使别人理解我的意思。 ②Only with joint efforts can we 　　　　　　　　　　　　. 只有通过我们的共同努力，才能使我们的生活更加美好。 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.The beautiful village is 　　　　　　（包围） by green mountains and trees， which takes on a good look. 2.Doctors were fighting a 　　　　　　（搏斗） to save the little girl’s life. 3.It is 　　　　　　　　（有吸引力的） to see how different people approach the problem. 4.The purpose of this lecture is to help students better understand the culture and history of the United 　　　　　（王国）. Ⅱ.补全句子 1.To build a green campus， in no case should we 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（让灯整夜亮着）. 2.There won’t be much difficulty， 　　　　　　（就算有困难）. 3.I can practice my spoken English more 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（也能更多地了解一些英国的习俗）. 4.While shopping， I 　　　　　　　　　　　　（一直盯着他） to see if he’d moved away or was still there. 提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 4　Section Ⅱ （2） 13 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $多学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.ZxXk.com● 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 Section II Reading and Thinking 【文本透析·剖语篇】 Pre-reading Yes,I know a little about this country.The UK is a European country.It has a long history and its capital is London.It is a developed country. While-reading 第一步 (1)Confusion (2)formed (3)differences (4)traditions (5)influencing (6)introduction 第二步 1-4 BDDC 第三步 1.英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗 迹都随处可见。 2.以首都伦敦为第一站，是个不错的选择。伦敦是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时 代。 Post-reading 第一步 Because it will help you understand the place better and have a more enjoyable experience.You will be able to interact better with the people and their culture and have a richer experience. 第二步 1.meaning 2.To solve 3.was joined 4.Finally 5.from 6.which 7.belonging 8.defence 9.a 10.its 【随堂检测·要过关】 I.1.be confused by 2.join...to...3.break away from 4.result in 5.refer to...as...6.work together in some areas 7.be known as 8.share the same currency and military defence 9.have a long and interesting history 10.be surrounded by 11.take over 12.make one's visit much more enjoyable 13.date back to Roman times 1/2 独家授权侵权必究 学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.ZxXk.com● 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 14.a fascinating mix of history and modern culture 15.keep one's eyes open II.1.So what is the difference between them,if any? 2.the way people built houses 3.had castles built 4.make your visit much more enjoyable 【核心知识·巧突破】 核心词汇集释 1.Dpuzzling;puzzled 2in 3are puzzled about how to adapt to the new environment 2.①dowm②out③break away from the bad habits 3.①with②Surrounded③adapt to the new surroundings soon 4.①to prove②that③It was evident that 重点句型解构 1.Dhave my English improved 2have an important thing to deal with 3have Tom pick you up 2.1make myself understood 2make our lives better 【随堂检测·要过关】 I.1.surrounded 2.battle 3.fascinating 4.Kingdom II.1.have the light burning all night 2.if any 3.as well as know more about some British customs 4.kept an eye on him 2/2 ·独家授权侵权必究·