U5 Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures-（配套教参）【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册（人教版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语语法中“过去分词（短语）作表语和状语”核心知识点，通过“先感悟实例—会发现规律—善归纳规则—运用练巩固”的学习支架，系统梳理作表语时表主语状态、作状语时表被动/完成及与主语逻辑关系等内容，构建完整知识脉络。 该资料以“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观为设计亮点，结合宋庆龄事迹等实例渗透文化意识，通过对比过去分词与现在分词作表语的差异培养思维品质，多样练习（如单句填空、句型转换）提升语言能力。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后助力学生通过分层练习查漏补缺，强化语法应用能力。

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures 过去分词（短语）作表语和状语 　　Considered① as one of the greatest leaders of China and born② on 27 January 1893 in Shanghai，Song Qingling was a distinguished stateswoman.When she was young，she was much concerned③ about the future of China.Later interested④ in fighting for the freedom of Chinese people， she took part in many activities.After the foundation of the PRC， she was completely devoted⑤ to the development of new China.On 29 May 1981， she died in Beijing at the age of 88，bringing⑥ great sorrow to Chinese people.Honored⑦ as one of the greatest women of the 20th century， she is remembered by Chinese people forever. 1.③⑤处是过去分词在句中作表语； 2.①②④⑦处是过去分词在句中作状语，和句子的主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表示被动或完成； 3.⑥处是现在分词在句中作状语，和句子的主语为逻辑上的主动关系，表示主动或正在进行的动作。 ——运用“形式—意义—使用”相结合的三维动态语法观 一、过去分词（短语）作表语 【先感悟】 ①He was lost in thought， so he didn’t hear the bell. ②I was disappointed at the film I saw last night.I had expected it to be better. ③ I’m so delighted to learn that you’re coming to my school for a visit and I’d like to express my sincere welcome. ④ He got injured in the accident and was sent to hospital immediately. 【会发现】 上面句子中的lost、 disappointed、 delighted和injured都是过去分词作　表语　。 【善归纳】 1.过去分词作表语时，动词与句子的主语往往是被动关系。过去分词位于系动词（如be、 get、 become、 look、 feel、 seem、 remain等）之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性。 2.有些过去分词作表语时，相当于形容词，且大部分已转化为形容词，常见的有delighted、 disappointed、 discouraged、 drunk、 amused、 astonished、 interested、 crowded、 tired、 satisfied、 pleased、 surprised、 worried、 excited、 married、 puzzled等。 3.“get＋过去分词”用于被动结构和系表结构，用于被动结构时，强调动作的发生；用于系表结构时，强调状态的变化。 名师点津 过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别 （1）过去分词作表语表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到……的”。 She felt exhausted and sat by the stream， resting her aching feet.　（动作描写） 她感到筋疲力尽，坐在小溪边，休息着疼痛的双脚。 （2）现在分词作表语表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的”。 （3）常见的这类词有： 【运用练】　单句语法填空 　①We are 　filled　 （fill） with a sense of excitement， wondering what camping fun and adventure we will experience next. ②When I entered his room， he was 　buried　 （bury） in his books. ③（2024·1月浙江卷）As it has been many years since I last used one， I should hardly be 　surprised　 （surprise） that there are no longer any public telephones near my house. ④While waiting for the opportunity to get 　promoted　 （promote）， Henry did his best to perform his duty. ⑤His speech was 　inspiring　 （inspire） and touched my heart. ⑥The smile on her face suggested that she was 　satisfied　 （satisfy） with the presents. ⑦He looked 　disappointed　 when he heard the 　disappointing　 news.（disappoint） ⑧He looked 　puzzled　 so I repeated the 　puzzling　 question.（puzzle） 二、过去分词（短语）作状语 【先感悟】 ①Asked for his views about his teaching job， Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. ＝When Philip was asked for his views about his teaching job， Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. ②Absorbed in painting， John didn’t notice evening approaching. ＝Because John was absorbed in painting， he didn’t notice evening approaching. ＝John was absorbed in painting， so he didn’t notice evening approaching. ③Given one more chance， I wouldn’t let my parents down. ＝If I was given one more chance， I wouldn’t let my parents down. ④She accepted the gift， deeply moved. ＝She accepted the gift， and she was deeply moved. ⑤Defeated by another team， he never gave up any hope. ＝Although he was defeated by another team， he never gave up any hope. ⑥All things considered， her suggestion is of greater value than yours. ⑦Lost/Absorbed in deep thought，she didn’t hear the sound. 【会发现】 （1）句①中的过去分词短语在句中作　时间　状语，相当于　时间状语　从句； （2）句②中的过去分词短语在句中作　原因　状语，相当于　原因状语　从句； （3）句③中的过去分词短语在句中作　条件　状语，相当于　条件状语　从句； （4）句④中的过去分词在句中作　伴随　状语，相当于and连接的　并列　句； （5）句⑤中的过去分词短语在句中作　让步　状语，有时可加although、 though、 even if、 even though等连词； （6）句⑥中的过去分词considered的逻辑主语不是句子的主语her suggestion，而是All things，这种结构被称为　独立主格　结构； （7）句⑦中的过去分词来源于　系表　结构。 【善归纳】 过去分词（短语）作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词表示的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况。 1.过去分词（短语）作状语时，所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 2.过去分词（短语）作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、伴随、方式或结果，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为句子的主语，且其与主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 3.部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有seated （坐着的）、hidden （躲着）、lost/absorbed in （被……吸引住）、dressed in （穿着）、tired of （厌烦了）等。 4.过去分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致；如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。 【运用练】　单句语法填空 ①　Frightened　 （frighten） by the noise in the night， the girl didn’t dare to sleep in her room. ②　Founded　 （found） in 1636， Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. ③　Looking　 （look） at the picture， I couldn’t help missing my middle school days. ④　Surrounded　 （surround） by many tall trees and beautiful flowers， our school looks beautiful. ⑤　Recognised　 （recognise） as the capital city of China， Beijing is a city you can never miss. ⑥Many students thought highly of the lecture， 　saying　 （say） that never before had they enjoyed so interesting a lecture. Ⅰ.基础题型练 1.（2023·全国乙卷）　Dressed　 （dress） as a man， she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. 2.　Disappointed　 （disappoint） at failing in the math exam， John wouldn’t like to talk about it to his parents. 3.　Given　 （give） the opportunity to show my musical talent， I couldn’t let the audience down. 4.The days are 　gone　 （go） forever when John was shy and didn’t know how to get along with others. 5.He was 　discouraged　 （discourage） when he heard his mother’s words. Ⅱ.句型转换 1.When you are faced with some tough problems， you might turn to your teachers for help. →　Faced with some tough problems　， you might turn to your teachers for help. 2.The composer won’t go to the meeting， even if he is invited. →The composer won’t go to the meeting， 　even if invited　 . 3.A flood struck the area and thousands of people were left homeless. →A flood struck the area， 　leaving thousands of people homeless　. 4.My mom is worried about my safety.She always drives me to school. →　Worried about my safety　， my mom always drives me to school. 1.relief n.（焦虑、痛苦的）减轻或消除；（不快过后的）宽慰、轻松或解脱 教材原句　Henry was still capable of writing compositions and he found that creating music was a relief and cure for his illness. 亨利仍然有能力创作，他发现创作音乐是一种缓解和治疗疾病的方法。 【用法】 （1）with relief　　　　　　如释重负；松了口气 to one’s relief　　令某人欣慰的是 breathe a sigh of relief　　如释重负；松了口气 It is a relief to do sth　　做某事令人欣慰 （2）relieve vt.　　救出；解脱；使脱离 relieve sb of ...　　解除某人的…… （3）relieved adj.　　感到宽慰的，放心的 【佳句】　To my relief， they smiled politely back at me when they saw my smile.　（心理描写） 令我欣慰的是，当他们看到我的笑容时，他们礼貌地对我微笑。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Hearing that she had passed the exam， she sighed 　with　 relief. ②He felt 　relieved　 （relieve） as he knew that there were people in this world who cared about him. 【写美】　完成句子 ③如你所知，音乐不仅给我力量，而且听音乐也给我一种解脱感。 As you know， not only does music give me strength， but listening to music also 　gives me a sense of relief　. 2.absorbed in sth/sb 被……吸引住；专心致志 教材原句　When he got absorbed in his world of music， he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him， like he had in his previous life. 当他沉浸在音乐的世界里时，他觉得自己仿佛能“看到”周围世界的美，就像他以前的生活一样。 【用法】 （1）absorbed adj.　　　　全神贯注的 get/be absorbed in ...　　全神贯注于…… （2）absorb vt.　　吸收；吸引；承受；理解；使……全神贯注 absorb one’s attention　　吸引某人的注意力 absorb oneself in　　全神贯注于… 【佳句】　The sound of a bird absorbed my attention and I stepped into the milking house with curiosity.　（2023·1月浙江卷） 一只鸟的叫声吸引了我的注意力，我好奇地走进了牛奶房。 【写美】　一句多译 汤姆如此专心于工作以至于他忘记通知我会议的时间了。 →Tom 　was so absorbed in his work that　 he forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.（so ...that） →　Absorbing himself in his work　， Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.（动词-ing短语作状语） →　Absorbed in his work　， Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.（形容词短语作状语） 3.aim n.目的；目标vi.& vt.力求达到；力争做到；瞄准vt.目的是；旨在 教材原句　Filled with team spirit， they act as a whole， always aiming for glory. 他们充满了团队精神，作为一个整体，始终以荣誉为目标。 【用法】 （1）achieve one’s aim　达到某人的目的 with the aim of　　目的是，怀着……的目的 （2）aim at doing sth　　力争做到某事；旨在做某事 aim for　　以……为目标；追求 aim to do sth　　旨在做某事 be aimed at　　（计划或想法等）旨在……， 目的是…… （3）aimlessly adv.　　漫无目的地，无目标地 【佳句】　There will be a Chinese Folk Music Concert in our school with the aim of enriching our school lives.　（通知） 为了丰富我们的校园生活，我们学校将举办一场中国民俗音乐会。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①I will spare some time to take part in sports activities， aiming 　to build　 （build） up my body. ②（外研必修一）At that moment， he was no longer an athlete aiming 　for　 a medal — he was just a brother. 【写美】　完成句子 ③I am writing to sincerely invite you to join our table tennis team 　（that/which is） aimed at developing our interests and improving our skills　. 我写信真诚地邀请您加入我们的乒乓球队，它旨在培养我们的兴趣并提高我们的技巧。 Ⅰ.基础题型练 1.Next， on the way to the hotel， they were 　shocked　 （shock） to see an injured man on the road. 2.Mum， I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I get 　paid　 （pay） on Friday. 3.　Located　 （locate） in the northwest corner of Lhasa， Potala Palace covers an area of 360，000 square meters. 4.　Faced　 （face） with the serious problem， he is at a loss what to do. 5.I quickly lowered my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so that he wouldn’t feel 　challenged　 （challenge）. 6.Under Qian’s leadership， China developed the Dongfeng missiles， 　followed　 （follow） by the first generation of Long March rockets. 7.There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and 　disappointed　 （disappoint）. 8.　Inspired　 （inspire） by her kindness， the boy worked hard to become an excellent doctor. 9.　Awarded　 （award） the first prize in the competition， he felt happy and satisfied. 10.　Knowing　 （know） that you want to learn about the changes in Beijing these years， I’m more than willing to tell you. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1.　Attracted by the beautiful landscapes　， he forgot to return home early. 被美丽的风景吸引，他忘了早点回家。 2.　Awarded the first prize　 at the opening ceremony， I felt like a happy bird flying in the sky. 在开幕式上被授予了一等奖，我感觉就像一只快乐的小鸟在天空中飞翔。 3.We have rich natural resources， 　enabling our country to develop quickly　. 我们拥有丰富的自然资源，这使得我们的国家能够快速发展。 4.　As scheduled　， the cross-country running race was held last Friday. 按照计划，越野跑比赛于上周五举行。 5.　Impressed by the moving scenes in the movie　， I decided to watch it again. 电影中感人的场景给我留下了深刻的印象，我决定再看一遍。 6.This activity 　is aimed at improving/is intended to improve/is designed to improve the students’ abilities of listening and speaking　. 此活动的目的是提高学生的听说能力。 Ⅰ.完形填空 　　（2025·日照高一期末）At 18， Kayla is among the top distance runners in the US， but she suffers from Multiple Sclerosis （MS）.This 　1　affects the nervous system and can cause numbness （麻木） throughout the body.When body heat 　2　， numbness increases. 　　This means that Kayla runs most of the race with her legs 　3　 numb.She says she feels like she’s floating（漂浮）， making it very difficult to control her 　4　.At the finish line， she can’t stop on her own， so her coach has to 　5　 her before she falls. 　　It’s easy to　6　 that Kayla was a born runner.But actually， before her diagnosis （诊断） she was even considered 　7　.However， when doctors told her that MS could eventually prevent her from walking， Kayla decided to use her legs as much as possible while she still had the 　8　. 　　She joined the cross-country team at her school.Her coach says at first， she was 　9　 at best.But with time and determination， Kayla 　10　 everyone by becoming one of the best runners in the country. 　　She 　11　 the state championship race.The crowd held their breath as Kayla fell to the ground during the first lap of the 3，200-meter race.But Kayla didn’t let 　12　 overcome her.She got back on her 　13　 ， and shockingly， she caught up with the pack.With a final burst of 　14　， she took the lead and won. 　　“Instead of letting MS stop me from running， I’ve used it to 　15　 me to break records，” said Kayla. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了患有多发性硬化疾病的Kayla突破自我，参加州锦标赛，在赛跑中打破纪录的故事。 1.A.accident　 B.habit C.disease　 D.loss 解析：C　根据上文but she suffers from Multiple Sclerosis可知，Kayla患有多发性硬化疾病。 2.A.rises　 B.lasts C.changes　 D.drops 解析：A　根据常识可知，赛跑时体温会升高，体温升高，麻木感加重。 3.A.eventually　 B.suddenly C.regularly　 D.completely 解析：D　根据上文可知，体温升高，会导致麻木。因此，在比赛中，双腿是完全麻木的。 4.A.direction　 B.emotion C.weight　 D.speed 解析：D　根据She says she feels like she’s floating可知，Kayla觉得自己在漂浮，速度不受控制。 5.A.greet　 B.catch C.remind　 D.save 解析：B　根据she can’t stop on her own可知，她不能自己停下，所以需要教练抓住她让她停下。 6.A.predict　 B.assume C.understand　 D.admit 解析：B　根据文章首句中的Kayla is among the top distance runners in the US可知，人们会认为她是天生的跑步者。 7.A.slow　 B.stupid C.rude　 D.silent 解析：A　根据上文及But actually可知，人们可能认为Kayla是天生的跑步者，但是在被确诊之前，她却被认为是迟钝的。 8.A.passion　 B.dream C.chance　 D.talent 解析：C　根据that MS could eventually prevent her from walking可知，医生告诉她，疾病最终影响行走，所以她决定尽可能多地利用还能使用双腿的机会。 9.A.competitive　 B.curious C.average　 D.fearless 解析：C　上文讲到Kayla被确诊为MS，由此可知，她的表现一般，最多只是个普通水平。 10.A.shamed　 B.amazed C.confused　 D.satisfied 解析：B　根据上句可知，刚开始教练并不是十分认可Kayla，再结合by becoming one of the best runners in the country可知，最后，Kayla成为最好的跑步者之一，这让大家十分惊讶。 11.A.qualified for　 B.competed for C.longed for　 D.applied for 解析：A　根据下文可知，Kayla获得了参加州锦标赛的资格。 12.A.tiredness　 B.disappointment C.disability　 D.failure 解析：B　根据下文可知，虽然在跑步过程中Kayla摔倒了，但是没有让失望打败。 13.A.hands　 B.legs C.arms　 D.feet 解析：D　根据fell to the ground可知，此处表示重新站了起来。get back on one’s feet意为“重新站起来”。 14.A.laughter　 B.enthusiasm C.anger　 D.energy 解析：D　根据she took the lead and won可知，她爆发了最后的能量和精力，冲向终点。 15.A.inspire　 B.order C.invite　 D.attract 解析：A　根据Instead of letting MS stop me from running可知，Kayla没有让疾病阻止自己跑步，而是用它激励自己打破纪录。 Ⅱ.语法填空 　　（2025·信阳高一期末）The craftsmanship of leaf-vein embroidery （叶脉刺绣） in Tongren City， Guizhou Province， has made Guizhou embroidery one of the major 16.　　　　　　 （style） of embroidery in China.Leaf-vein embroidery first appeared during the Song Dynasty and once 17.　　　　　　 （use） by several ethnic groups in the southwestern region to send information.Yang Li， 18.　　　　　　 inheritor （传承人） of this technique， has incorporated the traditional embroideries of the Miao， Tujia and Dong ethnic groups into the leaves， showing the combination of traditional aesthetics and modern craftsmanship. 　　Leaf-vein embroidery artwork is 19.　　　　　 highly artistic value due to its complex production process.The key steps include 20.　　　　　　 （select） leaves and drying them， and then designing and embroidering patterns.After the leaves naturally soften over the next 20 days， people warm the leaves to preserve 21.　　　　　　 （they）.The softened leaves are also 22.　　　　　　 （extreme） fragile.Patterns 23.　　　　　　 （inspire） by ancient stories and nature will be drawn on the processed veins. 　　Yang Li says that in the last decade there have been barely 20 people in Tongren 24.　　　　　　 can independently complete the whole leaf-embroidery process.In 2022， Yang Li established the Guizhou Embroidery Intangible Cultural Heritage Industry Base.Since then， she has used social media 25.　　　　　　 （show） the traditional techniques of leaf-vein embroidery. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了贵州省铜仁市的叶脉刺绣工艺及其传承人杨丽的故事。 16.styles　考查名词复数。“one of＋复数名词”表示 “……之一”，故填styles。 17.was used　考查时态和语态。此处为谓语动词，Leaf-vein embroidery与use之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语during the Song Dynasty可知，时态为一般过去时。故填was used。 18.an　考查冠词。根据句意以及空后inheritor为单数名词可知，这里泛指“一位传承人”，故填an。 19.of　考查介词。分析句子可知，“of＋抽象名词” 相当于该名词对应的形容词，of highly artistic value表示“具有很高的艺术价值”。故填of。 20.selecting　考查非谓语动词。include doing sth“包括做某事”，为固定短语。故填selecting。 21.them　考查代词。分析句子可知，preserve是动词，后接宾格代词。故填them。 22.extremely　考查副词。空处修饰形容词fragile，应用副词，故填extremely。 23.inspired　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰Patterns，Patterns和inspire为逻辑上的动宾关系， 故填inspired。 24.who/that　考查关系代词。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为20 people，指人，从句缺少主语。故填who/that。 25.to show　考查非谓语动词。use sth to do sth是固定用法，表示“用某物做某事”。故填to show。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $