第4讲 外刊阅读之人与自然（寒假预习讲义）八年级英语新教材沪教版五四制

专题04 外刊阅读之人与自然 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心，有的放矢 重点速记：查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：综合提升，全面突破 Passage 01 外刊精讲 Six questions for Jane Goodall Jane Goodall is the world's leading expert on chimpanzees(猩猩). She began studying them in the 1960s. Here's what she told our Kid Reporter. 1. What inspired you to engage in chimpanzee research and conservation(保护)? I decided when I was 10 years old that I'd go to Africa, live with wild animals, and write books about them. ①I didn’t think about chimpanzees until a famous paleontologist(古生物学者) named Louis Leakey gave me this amazing opportunity to go and live with and learn from not just any animal, but the one most like us. 2. Why did you create the Jane Goodall Institute(协会)? The institute aims to continue the study of chimps, to save their natural home, and to work with young people through the Roots & Shoots program. 3. What have been some of the Jane Goodall Institute's major achievements? We started a program to help lift people out of poverty and save the environment around Gombe in Tanzania, and now it's in six other African countries, as well. The other achievement is spreading Roots & Shoots, which is now in more than 65 countries and growing. 4. In The Book of Hope, you stress the importance of hope in the face of the environmental crisis. How can we keep that sense of hope? Every single person can make a difference every single day, by choosing what we buy, eat and wear. ②Even small choices add up when millions of young people around the world make positive choices in how they live each day. 5.What advice do you have for young people who care about the environment and want to make a difference? Well, my first advice is to please join Roots & Shoots. I say that because many young people have written to me and said it has changed their lives. 6. I've been wanting to join. What should I do? Good! You can form a group and choose three projects: One to help people, one for animals, and one for the environment. And our job is to help you understand the problems and empower(赋能) you to take action to make the world a better place. 一、核心词汇精讲 1. inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/ v. 激励；启发 词转：inspiration n. 灵感；激励；inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的 搭配：inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事；be inspired by 受……启发 例句：Her story inspired many young people to protect wild animals. 翻译练习： 这位科学家的演讲激励我们努力学习科学。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. engage /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/ v. 从事；参与；吸引 词转：engagement n. 参与；婚约；engaged adj. 忙碌的；订婚的 搭配：engage in sth. 从事/参与某事；engage sb. in conversation 使某人参与交谈 例句：She has engaged in wildlife research for over 50 years. 翻译练习： 他退休后开始从事志愿者工作。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ n. 保护；保存 词转：conserve v. 保护；保存；conservative adj. 保守的 搭配：wildlife conservation 野生动物保护；environmental conservation 环境保护 例句：We should pay more attention to the conservation of forests. 翻译练习： 这个组织致力于海洋生物的保护。 _____________________________________________________________________ 4. opportunity /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/ n. 机会；机遇 词转：opportune adj. 合适的；适时的 搭配：have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事；seize an opportunity 抓住机会 例句：He got a great opportunity to study abroad. 翻译练习： 参加这次比赛是展示你才华的好机会。 _____________________________________________________________________ 5. poverty /ˈpɒvəti/ n. 贫穷；贫困 词转：poor adj. 贫穷的；可怜的；poorly adv. 糟糕地 搭配：lift sb. out of poverty 使某人摆脱贫穷；live in poverty 生活在贫困中 例句：The project aims to lift thousands of families out of poverty. 翻译练习： 教育是帮助人们摆脱贫穷的重要方式。 _____________________________________________________________________ 6. stress /stres/ v. 强调；着重；n. 压力；紧张 词转：stressful adj. 充满压力的；stressed adj. 感到压力的 搭配：stress the importance of... 强调……的重要性；under stress 处于压力下 例句：The teacher stressed the importance of doing homework on time. 翻译练习： 医生强调了健康饮食和锻炼的重要性。 _____________________________________________________________________ 7. crisis /ˈkraɪsɪs/ n. 危机；危急关头（复数：crises） 词转：critical adj. 关键的；危急的；criticize v. 批评 搭配：environmental crisis 环境危机；in times of crisis 在危机时刻 例句：The world is facing a serious climate crisis. 翻译练习： 这个国家正在经历一场经济危机。 _____________________________________________________________________ 8. achieve /əˈtʃiːv/ v. 实现；取得；获得 词转：achievement n. 成就；成绩；achievable adj. 可实现的 搭配：achieve one’s goals 实现目标；achieve success 取得成功 例句：She achieved her dream of becoming a doctor. 翻译练习： 通过努力工作，我们可以实现自己的梦想。 _____________________________________________________________________ 9. empower /ɪmˈpaʊə(r)/ v. 赋能；授权；使能够 词转：empowerment n. 赋能；授权；power n. 力量；权力 搭配：empower sb. to do sth. 赋能某人做某事；empower women 赋予女性权力 例句：The course empowers students to solve problems independently. 翻译练习： 这个项目赋能年轻人参与社区建设。 _____________________________________________________________________ 10. positive /ˈpɒzətɪv/ adj. 积极的；正面的；肯定的 词转：positively adv. 积极地；positivity n. 积极性 搭配：make positive choices 做出积极的选择；a positive attitude 积极的态度 例句：We should keep a positive mind when facing difficulties. 翻译练习： 每天做一些积极的小事，生活会变得更好。 _____________________________________________________________________ 二、重点短语句型 1. inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 用法：inspire 为及物动词，后接“人”作宾语，再接不定式作宾语补足语，表“激发某人的动力去做某事”。 课文原句：What inspired you to engage in chimpanzee research and conservation? 拓展：The movie inspired us to protect the earth.；She was inspired by her teacher to take up painting. 翻译练习： 他的经历激励我勇敢面对挑战。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. engage in sth. 从事；参与某事 用法：正式短语，后接名词/动名词，侧重“投入时间和精力做某项工作或活动”，主语多为人。 课文原句：What inspired you to engage in chimpanzee research and conservation? 拓展：He engages in volunteer work every weekend.；She has never engaged in such a difficult task. 翻译练习： 我的爷爷退休后从事园艺工作。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. lift sb. out of poverty 使某人摆脱贫穷 用法：lift 此处为及物动词，表“帮助摆脱（困境）”，“out of poverty”作宾语补足语，类似结构：lift sb. out of trouble。 课文原句：We started a program to help lift people out of poverty and save the environment around Gombe in Tanzania. 拓展：The government has taken measures to lift farmers out of poverty.；This project lifted hundreds of families out of poverty. 翻译练习： 教育能帮助很多孩子摆脱贫穷。 _____________________________________________________________________ 4. stress the importance of... 强调……的重要性 用法：stress 为及物动词，后接“the importance of...”作宾语，表“着重指出某事物的重要性”，与“emphasize the importance of...”同义。 课文原句：In The Book of Hope, you stress the importance of hope in the face of the environmental crisis. 拓展：The teacher stressed the importance of reading.；He stressed the importance of teamwork in his speech. 翻译练习： 父母总是强调努力学习的重要性。 _____________________________________________________________________ 5. in the face of... 面对……；面临…… 用法：介词短语，后接名词/代词，表“面对困难、危机、挑战等”，在句中作状语。 课文原句：In The Book of Hope, you stress the importance of hope in the face of the environmental crisis. 拓展：We should be brave in the face of danger.；She kept calm in the face of the accident. 翻译练习： 面对失败，我们不应该放弃。 _____________________________________________________________________ 6. make a difference 产生影响；发挥作用 用法：不及物动词短语，后可接“to sb./sth.”，表“对某人/某事产生积极或重要的影响”。 课文原句：Every single person can make a difference every single day, by choosing what we buy, eat and wear. 拓展：Your small act can make a big difference to the environment.；She wants to do something to make a difference. 翻译练习： 每个人的努力都能为社会产生积极影响。 _____________________________________________________________________ 7. take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事 用法：take action 为固定短语，action 为不可数名词，后接不定式作目的状语，表“采取行动的目的”。 课文原句：And our job is to help you understand the problems and empower you to take action to make the world a better place. 拓展：We must take action to protect wild animals.；The government took action to solve the pollution problem. 翻译练习： 我们应该立即采取行动减少塑料使用。 _____________________________________________________________________ 8. add up 累积；加起来；有意义 用法：不及物动词短语，文中表“（微小的选择）累积起来产生大影响”，还可表“数字相加”或“事情有道理”。 课文原句：Even small choices add up when millions of young people around the world make positive choices in how they live each day. 拓展：All the small donations add up to a large amount.；His words don’t add up—he must be lying. 翻译练习： 每天坚持读书，日积月累，你的知识会变得丰富。 _____________________________________________________________________ 三、核心语法聚焦 1. 宾语从句（特殊疑问词引导） 用法：特殊疑问词（what/why/how等）引导的宾语从句，作动词的宾语，从句用陈述语序（主语+谓语），时态与主句保持一致。 课文原句：What inspired you to engage in chimpanzee research and conservation?（简化版宾语从句，完整形式：I want to know what inspired you to...） 解析：本句中“what”引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，直接接谓语“inspired”，符合陈述语序；主句为一般现在时，从句根据“从事研究”的动作，用一般过去时。 拓展：I don’t know why she created the Jane Goodall Institute.；He asked how we can keep a sense of hope. 翻译练习： 我想知道你为什么推荐年轻人加入“根与芽”项目。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. 不定式作目的状语 用法：不定式“to do sth.”在句中作目的状语，表“做某事的目的”，可置于句首（用逗号隔开）或句末，常可转换为“in order to do sth.”。 课文原句：The institute aims to continue the study of chimps, to save their natural home, and to work with young people through the Roots & Shoots program. 解析：句中三个“to do”短语（to continue/ to save/ to work）并列作目的状语，说明“协会创立”的三个目的，使句子逻辑清晰，并列结构让表达更简洁。 拓展：She went to the library to borrow some books.；To protect the environment, we should save water. 翻译练习： 他努力学习为了考上理想的高中。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. 定语从句（that/which/who引导） 用法：定语从句修饰先行词，关系代词that/which指物，who指人，在从句中可作主语、宾语。 课文原句：I didn’t think about chimpanzees until a famous paleontologist named Louis Leakey gave me this amazing opportunity to go and live with and learn from not just any animal, but the one most like us.（省略了关系代词that/which，先行词为the one，指代animal） 解析：本句中“most like us”前省略了关系代词that/which，在从句中作谓语“like”的宾语，修饰先行词“the one”，补充说明“这种动物和人类最相似”。 拓展：This is the book that I bought yesterday.；The girl who is talking to the teacher is my sister. 翻译练习： 这是我参加过的最有意义的活动。 _____________________________________________________________________ 4. 现在完成时 用法：现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）表“过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响”或“动作从过去持续到现在”，常与so far, already, yet, for+时间段等连用。 课文原句：Over the last three years, they've helped recycle over 260,000 batteries.（拓展，同类用法）；What many people do not realize is that Crystal lives with her handler and trainer Tom Gunderson and his family.（对比，一般现在时） 解析：本句中“Over the last three years”是现在完成时的标志，表“过去三年来的动作”，“have helped”体现该动作对现在的影响——“已回收26万多节电池”。 翻译练习： 到目前为止，我们已经种植了超过100棵树。 _____________________________________________________________________ 四、课文复述口语模板 外刊精练 Vocabulary I. Translate the following expressions from English to Chinese. 1. inspire sb. to do sth. 2. engage in chimpanzee research 3. lift people out of poverty 4. stress the importance of hope 5.in the face of the environmental crisis 6. make a difference 7. take action to do sth. II. Complete each sentence with the proper form of the given words. achievement advice inspire create opportunity positive 1. Even on tough days, try to find something ___________ to focus on. 2. Jenny is very ___________; she can turn old boxes into beautiful art. 3. Mom ___________ me to stay at home today as a storm is on the way. 4. I believe you can ___________ your goals with hard work and determination. 5. The beautiful sunset over the mountains ___________ me to take up painting. 6. Joining the school play is a great ___________ to show your acting skills. Reading comprehension Answer the questions. 1. How did Louis Leakey influence Jane Goodall's decision to focus her research on chimpanzees? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. How does Jane Goodall describe chimpanzees in the interview? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. What role does the Jane Goodall Institute serve? _____________________________________________________________________ 4. According to Jane Goodall, how can we make a difference to the environment in our daily lives? _____________________________________________________________________ 5. When dealing with the environmental crisis, what does Jane Goodall think is very important? _____________________________________________________________________ 6. Why does Jane Goodall strongly recommend young people join Roots & Shoots? _____________________________________________________________________ 7. What support does the Jane Goodall Institute provide to people who join Roots & Shoots? _____________________________________________________________________ 8. What steps can you take to make a positive impact on the environment and wildlife? _____________________________________________________________________ Translation Read the sentences below and translate them into Chinese. Pay attention to the expressions in bold. 1. I didn't think about chimpanzees until a famous paleontologist named Louis Leakey gave me this amazing opportunity to go and live with and learn from not just any animal, but the one most like us. 2. Even small choices add up when millions of young people around the world make positive choices in how they live each day. 综合提升练 Kid Heroes for the Planet Get inspired by reading about four young people who have taken action for Mother Earth. They're our Kid Heroes for the Planet. Who are yours? Fighting wildfire When Reshma Kosaraju was 12, her family moved to Northern California. Soon after, one of California's largest wildfires in history broke out. Her school was about 200 miles south of the fire, but students had to wear masks because of the smoke. This unfamiliar experience inspired her to find a solution. Reshma created a way to use artificial intelligence to predict forest fires. Her method is nearly 90% accurate. "I realized that if I could pull this off, the results could be quite helpful in saving lives and helping the environment," said Reshma, now 17. Recycling power On his tenth birthday, Sri Nihal Tammana learned that 15 billion batteries are thrown out and end up in landfills(垃圾填埋地) each year. They pollute groundwater and harm the environment. Now 14, Nihal runs Recycle My Battery, which provides recycling bins for batteries. The organization has a team of 250 student volunteers around the world. Over the last three years, they've helped recycle over 260,000 batteries. Nihal has won many awards for his environmental efforts. "My biggest goal for this organization is to bring the 15 billion batteries being thrown away each year worldwide to zero," he says. Rescue effort To help save sharks, Miles Fetherston-Resch, 10, started a nonprofit (非营利组织) called Kids Saving Oceans with his mom. Its website sells T-shirts, hats and stickers made from recycled plastic found in the ocean. ①So far, they've donated around $40,000 from the sales to support clean waterways. ②Miles has loved the ocean for as long as he can remember. His conservation(保护) efforts have been driven by his personal passion. "If you have an idea, go for it," he says. "The worst thing you can do is have it not work out. And that's not a loss." A greener future Mia Price, 18, leads the sustainability committee(委员会) at the Kinkaid School in Houston. The committee recently met its goal of removing plastic water bottles from the school dining center. Now, Price aims to make the entire campus greener. After doing research, she put forward a proposal to the school's leaders and building committee to install solar panels(安装太阳能电池板) and LED lightbulbs, as well as to recycle materials from the old gym. "You need to take the time to make the sustainable choice," she says. "Sometimes, it may be a little inconvenient. But you will feel happier because, in the end, it is making a difference. Vocabulary I. Translate the following expressions from English to Chinese. 1. take action 2. break out 3. inspire sb. to do sth. 4. pull off 5. end up 6. be driven by sth. 7. go for sth. 8. remove sth. from.... 9. put forward a proposal 10. make a difference II. Complete each sentence with the proper form of the given words. accurate entire loss predict solution volunteer 1. Tim likes to ___________ at the local park by picking up trash. 2. His illness caused him to ___________ his memory. 3. We spent the ___________ afternoon playing board games with friends. 4. The map was ___________, showing all the roads and landmarks correctly. 5. Finding the ___________ to the puzzle took some time, but we did it together. 6. It's hard to ___________ the weather, but the forecast says it might rain tomorrow. Reading comprehension Choose the best answer. 1. Reshma developed a way to predict wildfires ___________. A. using AI technology B. out of her personal interest C. with the support of her mother D. after leaving Northern California 2. What can we learn about Recycle My Battery from the article? A. It consists of 250 local volunteers. B. It was founded by Nihal at the age of 11. C. It has helped recycle over a million batteries. D. It aims to collect 15 billion batteries each year. 3. Which of the following words is NOT suitable to describe Miles? A. Cautious. B. Creative. C. Generous. D. Hopeful. 4. To make her school greener, Mia came up with all of the following ideas EXCEPT ___________. A. switching to energy-efficient lighting B. introducing renewable energy sources C. taking advantage of used materials at the school D. recycling plastic bottles from the dining center 5. Mia thinks it is ___________ to live a sustainable life. A. quite simple B. still painful C. very worthwhile D. increasingly popular Translation Read the sentences below and translate them into Chinese. Pay attention to the expressions in bold. 1. So far, they've donated around $40,000 from the sales to support clean waterways. 2. Miles has loved the ocean for as long as he can remember. Where exactly are four-leaf clovers? Lucky you—if you're looking for a four-leaf clover, you might be able to find one in any clover patch(一小块地) you come across! However, spotting this lucky leaf will take some patience. Clover plants grow in most subtropical and temperate areas(亚热带温和地区) around the world. They pop up in places like fields, forests and lawns. These plants usually sport three leaflets, or small leaf parts that make up a larger leaf. Only about one in every 5,000 clover leaves has four leaflets. Why are four-leaf clovers so uncommon? A lot of it has to do with genes. ①These are super tiny parts of cells that determine the features of plants and animals, including humans. In humans, genes control eye color, height, foot size, and much more. In clovers, genes decide things like the number of leaflets the plant has. And a clover must have a special set of genes to grow four leaflets. The environment also affects how many leaflets a clover has. ②For example, four-leaf clovers grow better in warm temperatures than in cold ones. So, four-leaf clovers need just the right genes and environment in order to grow. This makes them rare. Even so, you can still track down one of these plants. Looking through a clover patch one by one to spot a four-leaf clover might get a little tiring. Instead, when you come across a bunch of clovers, scan them with your eyes. Three-leaf clovers have a triangular shape, and four-leaf clovers look like squares. As you glance over the patch, look for square shapes in the sea of triangles. With time, concentration, and a little good fortune, you have a good chance of finding your four-leaf clover! Vocabulary I. Translate the following expressions from English to Chinese. 1. come across 2. pop up 3. make up 4. one in every 5,000 clover leaves 5. have to do with 6. track down 7. one by one 8. glance over 9. good fortune 10. have a good chance of II. Complete each sentence with the proper form of the given words. affect concentration control feature fortune spot rare uncommon 1.I ___________ a rainbow in the sky after the rain stopped. 2. I feel ___________ to have such supportive friends and family. 3. You can ___________ the volume of your music with the remote. 4. It's easier to ___________ on homework when you're in a quiet place. 5. If you don't have breakfast, it can ___________ how you feel the whole day. 6. She ___________ misses her morning run, even when the weather is bad. 7. The new phone has a cool camera ___________ that lets you take clear pictures in the dark. 8. Birds are a(n) ___________ sight in our neighborhood park. I see many of them in the trees. Reading comprehension Answer the questions. 1. Is it rare or common to see a four-leaf clover? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. What does the underlined word "sport"in paragraph 2 mean? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. What determines whether a clover plant will grow four leaflets? _____________________________________________________________________ 4. What do genes control in plants like clovers? _____________________________________________________________________ 5. What kind of environmental conditions do four-leaf clovers prefer? _____________________________________________________________________ 6. What is an efficient method to find a four-leaf clover? _____________________________________________________________________ 7. What's your method for finding a four-leaf clover? _____________________________________________________________________ Translation Read the sentences below and translate them into Chinese. Pay attention to the expressions in bold. 1. These are super tiny parts of cells that determine the features of plants and animals, including humans. 2. For example, four-leaf clovers grow better in warm temperatures than in cold ones. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 外刊阅读之人与自然 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心，有的放矢 重点速记：查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：综合提升，全面突破 Passage 01 外刊精讲 Six questions for Jane Goodall Jane Goodall is the world's leading expert on chimpanzees(猩猩). She began studying them in the 1960s. Here's what she told our Kid Reporter. 1. What inspired you to engage in chimpanzee research and conservation(保护)? I decided when I was 10 years old that I'd go to Africa, live with wild animals, and write books about them. ①I didn’t think about chimpanzees until a famous paleontologist(古生物学者) named Louis Leakey gave me this amazing opportunity to go and live with and learn from not just any animal, but the one most like us. 2. Why did you create the Jane Goodall Institute(协会)? The institute aims to continue the study of chimps, to save their natural home, and to work with young people through the Roots & Shoots program. 3. What have been some of the Jane Goodall Institute's major achievements? We started a program to help lift people out of poverty and save the environment around Gombe in Tanzania, and now it's in six other African countries, as well. The other achievement is spreading Roots & Shoots, which is now in more than 65 countries and growing. 4. In The Book of Hope, you stress the importance of hope in the face of the environmental crisis. How can we keep that sense of hope? Every single person can make a difference every single day, by choosing what we buy, eat and wear. ②Even small choices add up when millions of young people around the world make positive choices in how they live each day. 5.What advice do you have for young people who care about the environment and want to make a difference? Well, my first advice is to please join Roots & Shoots. I say that because many young people have written to me and said it has changed their lives. 6. I've been wanting to join. What should I do? Good! You can form a group and choose three projects: One to help people, one for animals, and one for the environment. And our job is to help you understand the problems and empower(赋能) you to take action to make the world a better place. 一、核心词汇精讲 1. inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/ v. 激励；启发 词转：inspiration n. 灵感；激励；inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的 搭配：inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事；be inspired by 受……启发 例句：Her story inspired many young people to protect wild animals. 翻译练习： 这位科学家的演讲激励我们努力学习科学。 _____________________________________________________________________ The scientist’s speech inspired us to study science hard. 2. engage /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/ v. 从事；参与；吸引 词转：engagement n. 参与；婚约；engaged adj. 忙碌的；订婚的 搭配：engage in sth. 从事/参与某事；engage sb. in conversation 使某人参与交谈 例句：She has engaged in wildlife research for over 50 years. 翻译练习： 他退休后开始从事志愿者工作。 _____________________________________________________________________ He engaged in volunteer work after retirement. 3. conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ n. 保护；保存 词转：conserve v. 保护；保存；conservative adj. 保守的 搭配：wildlife conservation 野生动物保护；environmental conservation 环境保护 例句：We should pay more attention to the conservation of forests. 翻译练习： 这个组织致力于海洋生物的保护。 _____________________________________________________________________ This organization is devoted to the conservation of marine life. 4. opportunity /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/ n. 机会；机遇 词转：opportune adj. 合适的；适时的 搭配：have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事；seize an opportunity 抓住机会 例句：He got a great opportunity to study abroad. 翻译练习： 参加这次比赛是展示你才华的好机会。 _____________________________________________________________________ Taking part in this competition is a great opportunity to show your talent. 5. poverty /ˈpɒvəti/ n. 贫穷；贫困 词转：poor adj. 贫穷的；可怜的；poorly adv. 糟糕地 搭配：lift sb. out of poverty 使某人摆脱贫穷；live in poverty 生活在贫困中 例句：The project aims to lift thousands of families out of poverty. 翻译练习： 教育是帮助人们摆脱贫穷的重要方式。 _____________________________________________________________________ Education is an important way to help people lift themselves out of poverty. 6. stress /stres/ v. 强调；着重；n. 压力；紧张 词转：stressful adj. 充满压力的；stressed adj. 感到压力的 搭配：stress the importance of... 强调……的重要性；under stress 处于压力下 例句：The teacher stressed the importance of doing homework on time. 翻译练习： 医生强调了健康饮食和锻炼的重要性。 _____________________________________________________________________ The doctor stressed the importance of a healthy diet and exercise. 7. crisis /ˈkraɪsɪs/ n. 危机；危急关头（复数：crises） 词转：critical adj. 关键的；危急的；criticize v. 批评 搭配：environmental crisis 环境危机；in times of crisis 在危机时刻 例句：The world is facing a serious climate crisis. 翻译练习： 这个国家正在经历一场经济危机。 _____________________________________________________________________ This country is experiencing an economic crisis. 8. achieve /əˈtʃiːv/ v. 实现；取得；获得 词转：achievement n. 成就；成绩；achievable adj. 可实现的 搭配：achieve one’s goals 实现目标；achieve success 取得成功 例句：She achieved her dream of becoming a doctor. 翻译练习： 通过努力工作，我们可以实现自己的梦想。 _____________________________________________________________________ We can achieve our dreams through hard work. 9. empower /ɪmˈpaʊə(r)/ v. 赋能；授权；使能够 词转：empowerment n. 赋能；授权；power n. 力量；权力 搭配：empower sb. to do sth. 赋能某人做某事；empower women 赋予女性权力 例句：The course empowers students to solve problems independently. 翻译练习： 这个项目赋能年轻人参与社区建设。 _____________________________________________________________________ This project empowers young people to take part in community building. 10. positive /ˈpɒzətɪv/ adj. 积极的；正面的；肯定的 词转：positively adv. 积极地；positivity n. 积极性 搭配：make positive choices 做出积极的选择；a positive attitude 积极的态度 例句：We should keep a positive mind when facing difficulties. 翻译练习： 每天做一些积极的小事，生活会变得更好。 _____________________________________________________________________ Doing some small positive things every day will make life better. 二、重点短语句型 1. inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 用法：inspire 为及物动词，后接“人”作宾语，再接不定式作宾语补足语，表“激发某人的动力去做某事”。 课文原句：What inspired you to engage in chimpanzee research and conservation? 拓展：The movie inspired us to protect the earth.；She was inspired by her teacher to take up painting. 翻译练习： 他的经历激励我勇敢面对挑战。 _____________________________________________________________________ His experience inspired me to face challenges bravely. 2. engage in sth. 从事；参与某事 用法：正式短语，后接名词/动名词，侧重“投入时间和精力做某项工作或活动”，主语多为人。 课文原句：What inspired you to engage in chimpanzee research and conservation? 拓展：He engages in volunteer work every weekend.；She has never engaged in such a difficult task. 翻译练习： 我的爷爷退休后从事园艺工作。 _____________________________________________________________________ My grandpa engages in gardening after retirement. 3. lift sb. out of poverty 使某人摆脱贫穷 用法：lift 此处为及物动词，表“帮助摆脱（困境）”，“out of poverty”作宾语补足语，类似结构：lift sb. out of trouble。 课文原句：We started a program to help lift people out of poverty and save the environment around Gombe in Tanzania. 拓展：The government has taken measures to lift farmers out of poverty.；This project lifted hundreds of families out of poverty. 翻译练习： 教育能帮助很多孩子摆脱贫穷。 _____________________________________________________________________ Education can help many children lift themselves out of poverty. 4. stress the importance of... 强调……的重要性 用法：stress 为及物动词，后接“the importance of...”作宾语，表“着重指出某事物的重要性”，与“emphasize the importance of...”同义。 课文原句：In The Book of Hope, you stress the importance of hope in the face of the environmental crisis. 拓展：The teacher stressed the importance of reading.；He stressed the importance of teamwork in his speech. 翻译练习： 父母总是强调努力学习的重要性。 _____________________________________________________________________ Parents always stress the importance of studying hard. 5. in the face of... 面对……；面临…… 用法：介词短语，后接名词/代词，表“面对困难、危机、挑战等”，在句中作状语。 课文原句：In The Book of Hope, you stress the importance of hope in the face of the environmental crisis. 拓展：We should be brave in the face of danger.；She kept calm in the face of the accident. 翻译练习： 面对失败，我们不应该放弃。 _____________________________________________________________________ We shouldn’t give up in the face of failure. 6. make a difference 产生影响；发挥作用 用法：不及物动词短语，后可接“to sb./sth.”，表“对某人/某事产生积极或重要的影响”。 课文原句：Every single person can make a difference every single day, by choosing what we buy, eat and wear. 拓展：Your small act can make a big difference to the environment.；She wants to do something to make a difference. 翻译练习： 每个人的努力都能为社会产生积极影响。 _____________________________________________________________________ Everyone’s effort can make a positive difference to the society. 7. take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事 用法：take action 为固定短语，action 为不可数名词，后接不定式作目的状语，表“采取行动的目的”。 课文原句：And our job is to help you understand the problems and empower you to take action to make the world a better place. 拓展：We must take action to protect wild animals.；The government took action to solve the pollution problem. 翻译练习： 我们应该立即采取行动减少塑料使用。 _____________________________________________________________________ We should take action immediately to reduce plastic use. 8. add up 累积；加起来；有意义 用法：不及物动词短语，文中表“（微小的选择）累积起来产生大影响”，还可表“数字相加”或“事情有道理”。 课文原句：Even small choices add up when millions of young people around the world make positive choices in how they live each day. 拓展：All the small donations add up to a large amount.；His words don’t add up—he must be lying. 翻译练习： 每天坚持读书，日积月累，你的知识会变得丰富。 _____________________________________________________________________ Reading every day adds up, and your knowledge will become rich. 三、核心语法聚焦 1. 宾语从句（特殊疑问词引导） 用法：特殊疑问词（what/why/how等）引导的宾语从句，作动词的宾语，从句用陈述语序（主语+谓语），时态与主句保持一致。 课文原句：What inspired you to engage in chimpanzee research and conservation?（简化版宾语从句，完整形式：I want to know what inspired you to...） 解析：本句中“what”引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，直接接谓语“inspired”，符合陈述语序；主句为一般现在时，从句根据“从事研究”的动作，用一般过去时。 拓展：I don’t know why she created the Jane Goodall Institute.；He asked how we can keep a sense of hope. 翻译练习： 我想知道你为什么推荐年轻人加入“根与芽”项目。 _____________________________________________________________________ I want to know why you recommend young people to join the Roots & Shoots program. 2. 不定式作目的状语 用法：不定式“to do sth.”在句中作目的状语，表“做某事的目的”，可置于句首（用逗号隔开）或句末，常可转换为“in order to do sth.”。 课文原句：The institute aims to continue the study of chimps, to save their natural home, and to work with young people through the Roots & Shoots program. 解析：句中三个“to do”短语（to continue/ to save/ to work）并列作目的状语，说明“协会创立”的三个目的，使句子逻辑清晰，并列结构让表达更简洁。 拓展：She went to the library to borrow some books.；To protect the environment, we should save water. 翻译练习： 他努力学习为了考上理想的高中。 _____________________________________________________________________ He studies hard to get into his ideal high school. 3. 定语从句（that/which/who引导） 用法：定语从句修饰先行词，关系代词that/which指物，who指人，在从句中可作主语、宾语。 课文原句：I didn’t think about chimpanzees until a famous paleontologist named Louis Leakey gave me this amazing opportunity to go and live with and learn from not just any animal, but the one most like us.（省略了关系代词that/which，先行词为the one，指代animal） 解析：本句中“most like us”前省略了关系代词that/which，在从句中作谓语“like”的宾语，修饰先行词“the one”，补充说明“这种动物和人类最相似”。 拓展：This is the book that I bought yesterday.；The girl who is talking to the teacher is my sister. 翻译练习： 这是我参加过的最有意义的活动。 _____________________________________________________________________ This is the most meaningful activity that I have ever taken part in. 4. 现在完成时 用法：现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）表“过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响”或“动作从过去持续到现在”，常与so far, already, yet, for+时间段等连用。 课文原句：Over the last three years, they've helped recycle over 260,000 batteries.（拓展，同类用法）；What many people do not realize is that Crystal lives with her handler and trainer Tom Gunderson and his family.（对比，一般现在时） 解析：本句中“Over the last three years”是现在完成时的标志，表“过去三年来的动作”，“have helped”体现该动作对现在的影响——“已回收26万多节电池”。 翻译练习： 到目前为止，我们已经种植了超过100棵树。 _____________________________________________________________________ So far, we have planted more than 100 trees. 四、课文复述口语模板 基础版 This interview is with Jane Goodall, the world’s leading expert on chimpanzees. She answered six questions from a Kid Reporter. 1. She was inspired to engage in chimpanzee research by a famous paleontologist named Louis Leakey, who gave her the opportunity to live with and learn from chimpanzees. 2. She created the Jane Goodall Institute to continue chimp research, save their homes, and work with young people through the Roots & Shoots program. 3. The institute’s major achievements include lifting people out of poverty in Africa and spreading the Roots & Shoots program to over 65 countries. 4. Jane stressed the importance of hope in the face of the environmental crisis. She said small positive choices can add up when millions of young people make them. 5. She advised young people to join Roots & Shoots, because it has changed many young people’s lives. 6. To join the program, people can form a group and choose three projects: one for people, one for animals, and one for the environment. The institute will help them take action. 提升版 This is an interview between Jane Goodall, a world-famous chimpanzee expert, and a Kid Reporter, covering six key questions about her work and environmental ideas. First, Jane talked about why she started researching chimpanzees. She had a dream to live with wild animals in Africa when she was 10, but she didn’t think about chimpanzees until Louis Leakey, a famous paleontologist, gave her the chance to live with and learn from them. Then, she explained the purpose of creating the Jane Goodall Institute: to continue chimp research, protect their natural homes, and support young people through the Roots & Shoots program. She also shared the institute’s achievements: a poverty-alleviation and environmental protection program in Tanzania has been expanded to seven African countries, and the Roots & Shoots program is now in more than 65 countries. When asked about keeping hope in the environmental crisis, Jane said everyone can make a difference through daily choices like what to buy, eat and wear, and small choices will add up if millions of young people make positive ones. For young people who want to protect the environment, she strongly recommended joining Roots & Shoots, as many young people told her it changed their lives. Finally, she said people can form a group and choose three projects (for people, animals and the environment) to join, and the institute will help them understand problems and take action to make the world better. 外刊精练 Vocabulary I. Translate the following expressions from English to Chinese. 1. inspire sb. to do sth. 2. engage in chimpanzee research 3. lift people out of poverty 4. stress the importance of hope 5.in the face of the environmental crisis 6. make a difference 7. take action to do sth. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：激励某人做某事 解析：固定搭配，“inspire”为及物动词，后接“sb. to do sth.”，表“激发某人的热情或动力，促使其做某事”，文中指某件事激励珍·古道尔从事黑猩猩研究。 2. 答案：从事黑猩猩研究 解析：“engage in”为正式短语，意为“参与；从事（某项工作/活动）”，后接名词或动名词；“chimpanzee research”译为“黑猩猩研究”，贴合文中珍·古道尔的核心工作内容。 3. 答案：使人们摆脱贫穷 解析：“lift sb. out of sth.”为固定表达，表“帮助某人摆脱困境、贫穷等负面状态”；“poverty”为不可数名词，译为“贫穷”，文中指协会的扶贫项目。 4. 答案：强调希望的重要性 解析：“stress”此处为及物动词，意为“强调；着重指出”，与“emphasize”同义；“the importance of hope”译为“希望的重要性”，是名词所有格结构，贴合文中《希望之书》的核心观点。 5. 答案：面临环境危机 解析：“in the face of”为固定短语，意为“面对；面临（困难、危机等）”，后接名词；“environmental crisis”译为“环境危机”，是文中讨论的重要背景。 6. 答案：起（重要）作用；产生影响 解析：固定短语，“make a difference”后可接“to sb./sth.”，表“对某人/某事产生积极或重要的影响”，文中指每个人的选择都能对环境产生作用。 7. 答案：采取行动去做某事 解析：“take action”为固定短语，意为“采取行动”，后接“to do sth.”作目的状语，表“采取行动的目的”，文中指采取行动让世界变得更美好。 II. Complete each sentence with the proper form of the given words. achievement advice inspire create opportunity positive 1. Even on tough days, try to find something ___________ to focus on. 2. Jenny is very ___________; she can turn old boxes into beautiful art. 3. Mom ___________ me to stay at home today as a storm is on the way. 4. I believe you can ___________ your goals with hard work and determination. 5. The beautiful sunset over the mountains ___________ me to take up painting. 6. Joining the school play is a great ___________ to show your acting skills. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：positive 解析：空格前是“something”，需用形容词作后置定语；“positive”（adj. 积极的；正面的）符合“即使在艰难的日子里，也要关注积极的事物”的语境。 2. 答案：creative 解析：空格前是“very”，需用形容词作表语；“create”（v. 创造）的形容词形式为“creative”，意为“有创造力的”，结合“把旧盒子变成漂亮的艺术品”，符合语境。 3. 答案：advises 解析：本句缺谓语动词，主语“Mom”为第三人称单数，时态为一般现在时，动词用第三人称单数形式；“advice”（n. 建议）的动词形式为“advise”，“advise sb. to do sth.”表示“建议某人做某事”，固定搭配。 4. 答案：achieve 解析：空格前是“can”，后接动词原形；“achievement”（n. 成就）的动词形式为“achieve”，意为“实现；取得”，“achieve one’s goals”表示“实现目标”，固定搭配。 5. 答案：inspired 解析：本句缺谓语动词，“山间美丽的日落激发我开始画画”是过去发生的动作，需用一般过去时；“inspire”（v. 激励；激发）的过去式为“inspired”，“inspire sb. to do sth.”表示“激励某人做某事”。 6. 答案：opportunity 解析：空格前是“a great”，后接可数名词单数；“opportunity”意为“机会”，“a great opportunity to do sth.”表示“做某事的好机会”，符合“参加校园剧表演展示演技”的语境。 Reading comprehension Answer the questions. 1. How did Louis Leakey influence Jane Goodall's decision to focus her research on chimpanzees? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. How does Jane Goodall describe chimpanzees in the interview? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. What role does the Jane Goodall Institute serve? _____________________________________________________________________ 4. According to Jane Goodall, how can we make a difference to the environment in our daily lives? _____________________________________________________________________ 5. When dealing with the environmental crisis, what does Jane Goodall think is very important? _____________________________________________________________________ 6. Why does Jane Goodall strongly recommend young people join Roots & Shoots? _____________________________________________________________________ 7. What support does the Jane Goodall Institute provide to people who join Roots & Shoots? _____________________________________________________________________ 8. What steps can you take to make a positive impact on the environment and wildlife? _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：By giving Jane Goodall the opportunity to live with and learn from chimpanzees. 解析：定位第一个问题的回答“I didn’t think about chimpanzees until a famous paleontologist named Louis Leakey gave me this amazing opportunity to go and live with and learn from... the one most like us.”，核心是路易斯·利基给了珍·古道尔与黑猩猩共同生活、向其学习的机会，从而让她将研究重点放在黑猩猩身上。 2. 答案：They are the animal most similar to humans. 解析：根据第一个问题的回答“the one most like us”，“the one”指代黑猩猩，由此可知珍·古道尔将黑猩猩描述为与人类最相似的动物。 3. 答案：To continue the study of chimps, save their natural home, and work with young people through the Roots & Shoots program. 解析：定位第二个问题的回答“The institute aims to continue the study of chimps, to save their natural home, and to work with young people through the Roots & Shoots program.”，直接提取协会的三大目标即可，这也是其核心作用。 4. 答案：By making positive choices in what we buy, eat and wear every day. 解析：定位第四个问题的回答“Every single person can make a difference every single day, by choosing what we buy, eat and wear.”，核心是通过在日常的购物、饮食和穿着上做出积极的选择，对环境产生影响。 5. 答案：Hope./A sense of hope. 解析：根据第四个问题的开头“In The Book of Hope, you stress the importance of hope in the face of the environmental crisis.”，明确可知珍·古道尔认为面对环境危机时，希望（或希望感） 非常重要。 6. 答案：Because many young people have reported to her that the program has changed their lives. 解析：定位第五个问题的回答“I say that because many young people have written to me and said it has changed their lives.”，核心原因是许多年轻人写信告诉她，这个项目改变了他们的生活，“written to me and said”可同义转述为“reported to her”。 7. 答案：It helps them understand the problems and aids them in taking actions for a better world. 解析：定位第六个问题的回答“And our job is to help you understand the problems and empower you to take action to make the world a better place.”，“empower you to take action”可同义转述为“aids them in taking actions”，整合后即为协会提供的支持。 8. 答案：We can support eco-friendly products, volunteer for local environmental projects like Roots & Shoots and spread the idea of wildlife conservation to people around us in school and at home. (Any reasonable answers are acceptable.) 解析：开放性问题，核心是“为环境和野生动物产生积极影响的措施”，可结合文中“日常选择、加入Roots & Shoots、采取行动”等提示，从“支持环保产品、参与志愿活动、宣传保护理念”等角度作答，言之有理即可。 Translation Read the sentences below and translate them into Chinese. Pay attention to the expressions in bold. 1. I didn't think about chimpanzees until a famous paleontologist named Louis Leakey gave me this amazing opportunity to go and live with and learn from not just any animal, but the one most like us. 2. Even small choices add up when millions of young people around the world make positive choices in how they live each day. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：在著名古生物学家路易斯·利基给我这个绝佳的机会之前，我从未想过要研究黑猩猩。这个机会让我得以与这种和人类最为相像的动物共处，而非其他动物，并向它们学习。 解析：① 本句为“not ... until ...”结构，译为“直到……才……”，为符合中文语序，调整为“在……之前，从未……”；② “named Louis Leakey”是过去分词短语作后置定语，译为“名叫路易斯·利基的”，修饰“paleontologist”；③ “this amazing opportunity”译为“这个绝佳的机会”，比“令人惊奇的机会”更贴合语境；④ “not just any animal, but the one most like us”译为“这种和人类最为相像的动物，而非其他动物”，用“这种”指代黑猩猩，避免重复，同时突出其特殊性；⑤ 补充“要研究”，使“从未想过黑猩猩”的语义更完整，贴合珍·古道尔的研究背景。 2. 答案：当全世界数以百万计的年轻人每天都在生活方式上做出积极的选择时，即便再微小的选择，也能聚沙成塔。 解析：① “add up”本义为“加起来；累积”，结合语境意译为“聚沙成塔”，更符合中文的表达习惯，体现“微小选择的累积效应”；② “make positive choices in how they live each day”译为“每天都在生活方式上做出积极的选择”，将宾语从句“how they live each day”转换为偏正短语，简洁通顺；③ 补充“都”，强调年轻人的普遍参与，使语气更强烈；④ 用“即便……也……”替代“即使……”，增强让步语气，贴合原文逻辑。 综合提升练 Kid Heroes for the Planet Get inspired by reading about four young people who have taken action for Mother Earth. They're our Kid Heroes for the Planet. Who are yours? Fighting wildfire When Reshma Kosaraju was 12, her family moved to Northern California. Soon after, one of California's largest wildfires in history broke out. Her school was about 200 miles south of the fire, but students had to wear masks because of the smoke. This unfamiliar experience inspired her to find a solution. Reshma created a way to use artificial intelligence to predict forest fires. Her method is nearly 90% accurate. "I realized that if I could pull this off, the results could be quite helpful in saving lives and helping the environment," said Reshma, now 17. Recycling power On his tenth birthday, Sri Nihal Tammana learned that 15 billion batteries are thrown out and end up in landfills(垃圾填埋地) each year. They pollute groundwater and harm the environment. Now 14, Nihal runs Recycle My Battery, which provides recycling bins for batteries. The organization has a team of 250 student volunteers around the world. Over the last three years, they've helped recycle over 260,000 batteries. Nihal has won many awards for his environmental efforts. "My biggest goal for this organization is to bring the 15 billion batteries being thrown away each year worldwide to zero," he says. Rescue effort To help save sharks, Miles Fetherston-Resch, 10, started a nonprofit (非营利组织) called Kids Saving Oceans with his mom. Its website sells T-shirts, hats and stickers made from recycled plastic found in the ocean. ①So far, they've donated around $40,000 from the sales to support clean waterways. ②Miles has loved the ocean for as long as he can remember. His conservation(保护) efforts have been driven by his personal passion. "If you have an idea, go for it," he says. "The worst thing you can do is have it not work out. And that's not a loss." A greener future Mia Price, 18, leads the sustainability committee(委员会) at the Kinkaid School in Houston. The committee recently met its goal of removing plastic water bottles from the school dining center. Now, Price aims to make the entire campus greener. After doing research, she put forward a proposal to the school's leaders and building committee to install solar panels(安装太阳能电池板) and LED lightbulbs, as well as to recycle materials from the old gym. "You need to take the time to make the sustainable choice," she says. "Sometimes, it may be a little inconvenient. But you will feel happier because, in the end, it is making a difference. Vocabulary I. Translate the following expressions from English to Chinese. 1. take action 2. break out 3. inspire sb. to do sth. 4. pull off 5. end up 6. be driven by sth. 7. go for sth. 8. remove sth. from.... 9. put forward a proposal 10. make a difference 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：采取行动 解析：固定短语，action 为不可数名词，后常接(to do sth.) 表目的，侧重“为解决问题或达成目标做出实际举动”，文中指四位少年为保护地球采取的环保行动。 2. 答案：（火灾、战争等）突然发生；爆发 解析：不及物动词短语，无被动语态，特指“不可预测的、大规模的突发事件”，课文中用来描述加州野火的突发，是描述灾害的常用短语。 3. 答案：激发某人做某事；激励某人做某事 解析：核心搭配，inspire 为及物动词，后接双宾语结构，侧重“通过某件事唤起某人的热情、灵感或动力”，文中指野火烟雾的经历激发了Reshma寻找解决办法。 4. 答案：成功实现；做成（困难的事情） 解析：口语化动词短语，后接名词、代词或动名词，侧重“克服困难完成某项具有挑战性的任务”，文中指Reshma希望成功实现用人工智能预测野火的方法。 5. 答案：（通常指意外地）最终到达；最终处于（某种状态） 解析：固定短语，后常接in/at + 地点 或doing sth.，侧重“事情的发展偏离预期，最终出现某种结果”，文中指电池被丢弃后最终进入垃圾填埋地。 6. 答案：受到某事的驱使；由某事推动 解析：被动语态结构，drive 此处为及物动词，意为“驱使、推动”，侧重“内在动机或外部因素促使某人做某事”，文中指Miles的环保行动源于他对大海的热爱。 7. 答案：追求某事物；努力争取某事物；尝试做某事 解析：动词短语，口语中常用go for it 表示“大胆去做、放手一搏”，侧重“主动尝试实现某个想法或目标”，文中是Miles对年轻人的鼓励。 8. 答案：从……中移除某物；把某物从……中拿走 解析：固定搭配，remove 为及物动词，侧重“将某物从某个位置或场景中移走，使其不再存在”，文中指学校从餐厅移除塑料水瓶。 9. 答案：提出提案；提出建议 解析：put forward 意为“提出（观点、提案等）”，proposal 为可数名词，意为“提案、建议”，侧重“向相关人员或机构正式提出方案”，文中指Mia向学校提出环保提案。 10.答案：产生影响；发挥作用 解析：高频核心短语，后可接to sb./sth. 表“对某人/某事产生影响”，侧重“行动或选择带来的实际效果”，文中指可持续的选择最终能为环保带来积极影响。 II. Complete each sentence with the proper form of the given words. accurate entire loss predict solution volunteer 1. Tim likes to ___________ at the local park by picking up trash. 2. His illness caused him to ___________ his memory. 3. We spent the ___________ afternoon playing board games with friends. 4. The map was ___________, showing all the roads and landmarks correctly. 5. Finding the ___________ to the puzzle took some time, but we did it together. 6. It's hard to ___________ the weather, but the forecast says it might rain tomorrow. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：volunteer 解析：空格前是“likes to”，后接动词原形（like to do sth.）；volunteer 此处为动词，意为“自愿做；当志愿者”，“volunteer at the local park”表示“在当地公园做志愿者”，贴合“捡垃圾”的语境。 2. 答案：lose 解析：空格前是“caused him to”，后接动词原形（cause sb. to do sth.）；loss（n. 损失；失去）的动词形式为lose，意为“失去”，“lose his memory”表示“失去记忆”，符合“生病带来的后果”这一语境。 3. 答案：entire 解析：空格后是名词“afternoon”，需用形容词修饰；entire 为形容词，意为“整个的；全部的”，“the entire afternoon”表示“整个下午”，侧重“时间段的完整性”。 4. 答案：accurate 解析：空格前是系动词“was”，需用形容词作表语；accurate 为形容词，意为“准确的；精确的”，后文“showing all the roads and landmarks correctly”是对该词的解释，贴合“地图精准”的语境。 5. 答案：solution 解析：空格前是定冠词“the”，需用名词；solution 为可数名词，意为“解决办法；答案”，“the solution to the puzzle”表示“谜题的答案”，固定搭配为the solution to sth.（某事的解决办法）。 6. 答案：predict 解析：空格前是“it's hard to”，后接动词原形（it’s + 形容词 + to do sth.）；predict 为动词，意为“预测；预报”，后文“the forecast says it might rain”是对该词的呼应，贴合“预测天气”的语境。 Reading comprehension Choose the best answer. 1. Reshma developed a way to predict wildfires ___________. A. using AI technology B. out of her personal interest C. with the support of her mother D. after leaving Northern California 2. What can we learn about Recycle My Battery from the article? A. It consists of 250 local volunteers. B. It was founded by Nihal at the age of 11. C. It has helped recycle over a million batteries. D. It aims to collect 15 billion batteries each year. 3. Which of the following words is NOT suitable to describe Miles? A. Cautious. B. Creative. C. Generous. D. Hopeful. 4. To make her school greener, Mia came up with all of the following ideas EXCEPT ___________. A. switching to energy-efficient lighting B. introducing renewable energy sources C. taking advantage of used materials at the school D. recycling plastic bottles from the dining center 5. Mia thinks it is ___________ to live a sustainable life. A. quite simple B. still painful C. very worthwhile D. increasingly popular 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：A 解析：问题：Reshma是如何研发出预测野火的方法的？定位课文“Fighting wildfire”部分：“Reshma created a way to use artificial intelligence to predict forest fires.”，明确说明她使用人工智能（AI）技术，对应选项A。B（出于个人兴趣）：原文是野火烟雾的经历激发了她，并非个人兴趣；C（在母亲的支持下）：文中未提及母亲的支持；D（离开北加州后）：她是搬到北加州后遇到野火，才研发出方法，并非离开后。 2. 答案：B 解析：问题：从文章中我们能了解到Recycle My Battery的哪些信息？定位课文“Recycling power”部分：“On his tenth birthday... Now 14, Nihal runs Recycle My Battery.”，可知他10岁得知电池污染问题，14岁运营该组织，由此推算创立于11岁，对应选项B。A（由250名本地志愿者组成）：原文是“250 student volunteers around the world”（全球250名学生志愿者），并非“本地”；C（已回收超过100万节电池）：原文是“over 260,000 batteries”（26万多节），并非100万；D（目标是每年收集150亿节电池）：原文是“bring the 15 billion batteries being thrown away... to zero”（将全球每年丢弃的150亿节电池降为0），并非“收集”。 3. 答案：A 解析：问题：下列哪个词不适合用来描述Miles？逐一分析选项：A（Cautious 谨慎的）：Miles说“If you have an idea, go for it”（有想法就大胆去做），说明他大胆、果断，并非“谨慎的”；B（Creative 有创造力的）：他和母亲创立组织，用海洋回收塑料制作周边筹款，体现创造力；C（Generous 慷慨的）：他将销售额捐赠出来支持清洁水道，体现慷慨；D（Hopeful 充满希望的）：他认为“即使想法不成功也不是损失”，体现积极乐观、充满希望。 4. 答案：D 解析：问题：为了让学校更环保，Mia提出了以下所有想法，除了哪一项？ 定位课文“A greener future”部分：A（改用节能照明）：对应“install LED lightbulbs”（安装LED灯泡），LED灯是节能照明；B（引入可再生能源）：对应“install solar panels”（安装太阳能电池板），太阳能是可再生能源；C（利用学校的废旧材料）：对应“recycle materials from the old gym”（回收旧体育馆的材料）；D（回收餐厅的塑料瓶）：原文是“met its goal of removing plastic water bottles from the school dining center”（已实现从餐厅移除塑料水瓶的目标），这是已完成的事，并非“接下来提出的想法”，故选D。 5. 答案：C 解析：问题：Mia认为过可持续的生活是怎样的？定位课文最后一段Mia的话：“Sometimes, it may be a little inconvenient. But you will feel happier because, in the end, it is making a difference.”，说明她认为可持续的生活虽然有点不方便，但最终能带来积极影响，是值得的，对应选项C（very worthwhile 非常值得的）。A（相当简单）：与“a little inconvenient”（有点不方便）矛盾；B（仍然痛苦的）：文中仅说“不方便”，并未提及“痛苦”；D（越来越受欢迎的）：文中未提及可持续生活的受欢迎程度。 Translation Read the sentences below and translate them into Chinese. Pay attention to the expressions in bold. 1. So far, they've donated around $40,000 from the sales to support clean waterways. 2. Miles has loved the ocean for as long as he can remember. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：到目前为止，他们已经从销售额中捐赠了大约四万美元，用于支持清洁水道的相关工作。 解析：①So far：现在完成时的标志，译为“到目前为止”，对应句中“have donated”的时态，需在翻译中体现动作的延续性； ②from the sales：译为“从销售额中”，明确捐款的资金来源，避免直译“从销售中”的生硬感； ③support clean waterways：补充“的相关工作”，使中文表达更完整、通顺，贴合“为清洁水道提供资金支持”的语境； ④around $40,000：译为“大约四万美元”，数字翻译符合中英文货币表达规范。 2. 答案：迈尔斯自打记事起就热爱大海。 解析：①for as long as he can remember：固定表达，译为“自打记事起”，比直译“只要他能记住的时间”更符合中文口语习惯，体现“热爱大海”这一状态的持续性； ②has loved：现在完成时，译为“就热爱”，准确体现动作从过去（童年）持续到现在的语境； ③Miles：英文人名标准音译为“迈尔斯”，符合翻译的统一性原则。 Where exactly are four-leaf clovers? Lucky you—if you're looking for a four-leaf clover, you might be able to find one in any clover patch(一小块地) you come across! However, spotting this lucky leaf will take some patience. Clover plants grow in most subtropical and temperate areas(亚热带温和地区) around the world. They pop up in places like fields, forests and lawns. These plants usually sport three leaflets, or small leaf parts that make up a larger leaf. Only about one in every 5,000 clover leaves has four leaflets. Why are four-leaf clovers so uncommon? A lot of it has to do with genes. ①These are super tiny parts of cells that determine the features of plants and animals, including humans. In humans, genes control eye color, height, foot size, and much more. In clovers, genes decide things like the number of leaflets the plant has. And a clover must have a special set of genes to grow four leaflets. The environment also affects how many leaflets a clover has. ②For example, four-leaf clovers grow better in warm temperatures than in cold ones. So, four-leaf clovers need just the right genes and environment in order to grow. This makes them rare. Even so, you can still track down one of these plants. Looking through a clover patch one by one to spot a four-leaf clover might get a little tiring. Instead, when you come across a bunch of clovers, scan them with your eyes. Three-leaf clovers have a triangular shape, and four-leaf clovers look like squares. As you glance over the patch, look for square shapes in the sea of triangles. With time, concentration, and a little good fortune, you have a good chance of finding your four-leaf clover! Vocabulary I. Translate the following expressions from English to Chinese. 1. come across 2. pop up 3. make up 4. one in every 5,000 clover leaves 5. have to do with 6. track down 7. one by one 8. glance over 9. good fortune 10. have a good chance of 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：偶然发现；偶遇 解析：动词短语，侧重“没有刻意寻找，无意中遇到人或事物”，文中指在不经意间碰到的三叶草丛里可能找到四叶草。 2. 答案：突然出现；冒出 解析：口语化短语，形象描述“事物快速、意外地出现”，文中用来形容三叶草在田野、森林等地方随处生长的状态。 3. 答案：组成；构成 解析：固定短语，后接名词，侧重“若干部分合起来形成一个整体”，文中指小叶片共同构成三叶草的大叶子。 4. 答案：每五千片三叶草叶子中就有一片 解析：数量表达结构，“one in every + 数字”表示“每……中有一个”，准确体现四叶草的稀有比例，是说明文的常用数量表述。 5. 答案：与……有关；和……有联系 解析：固定短语，后接名词/代词，侧重“事物之间存在因果或关联关系”，文中指四叶草稀有与基因密切相关。 6. 答案：找到；追踪到 解析：动词短语，侧重“通过努力、寻找后发现难以找到的事物”，文中指即便四叶草稀有，依然能找到它。 7. 答案：一个接一个；逐一 解析：副词短语，修饰动作，侧重“按照顺序，逐个进行”，文中指逐片翻看三叶草丛的方式。 8. 答案：快速浏览；扫一眼 解析：动词短语，侧重“快速地看一遍，不做细致研究”，文中指寻找四叶草时的高效观察方式。 9. 答案：好运；福气 解析：名词短语，fortune 此处意为“运气”，为不可数名词，与四叶草象征“幸运”的文化内涵相呼应。 10.答案：很有可能……；有很大机会…… 解析：固定搭配，后接动名词/名词，侧重“具备条件，大概率能做成某事”，文中指凭借耐心和运气，找到四叶草的概率很高。 II. Complete each sentence with the proper form of the given words. affect concentration control feature fortune spot rare uncommon 1.I ___________ a rainbow in the sky after the rain stopped. 2. I feel ___________ to have such supportive friends and family. 3. You can ___________ the volume of your music with the remote. 4. It's easier to ___________ on homework when you're in a quiet place. 5. If you don't have breakfast, it can ___________ how you feel the whole day. 6. She ___________ misses her morning run, even when the weather is bad. 7. The new phone has a cool camera ___________ that lets you take clear pictures in the dark. 8. Birds are a(n) ___________ sight in our neighborhood park. I see many of them in the trees. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：spotted 解析：本句缺谓语动词，“雨后看到彩虹”是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时；spot（v. 看见；发现）的过去式为spotted，侧重“无意中看到某物”，贴合语境。 2. 答案：fortunate 解析：空格前是系动词“feel”，需用形容词作表语；fortune（n. 运气）的形容词形式为fortunate，意为“幸运的”，“feel fortunate to do sth.”表示“做某事感到幸运”。 3. 答案：control 解析：空格前是情态动词“can”，后接动词原形；control（v. 控制；操控），“control the volume”表示“控制音量”，是固定搭配。 4. 答案：concentrate 解析：空格前是“it's easier to”，后接动词原形；concentration（n. 专注）的动词形式为concentrate，“concentrate on sth.”表示“专注于某事”，固定搭配。 5. 答案：affect 解析：空格前是情态动词“can”，后接动词原形；affect（v. 影响），侧重“外界因素对情绪、状态等产生的影响”，文中指不吃早餐影响一整天的状态。 6. 答案：rarely 解析：空格后是动词“misses”，需用副词修饰；rare（adj. 稀有的）的副词形式为rarely，意为“很少；难得”，结合“即使天气不好也不缺席晨跑”，贴合语境。 7. 答案：feature 解析：空格前是“a cool camera”，需用名词；feature（n. 功能；特征），“a camera feature”表示“相机功能”，文中指新手机的相机特色功能。 8. 答案：common 解析：空格前是“a(n)”，后接名词“sight”，需用形容词修饰；uncommon（adj. 不常见的）的反义词为common，意为“常见的”，后文“I see many of them”是对该词的解释，贴合语境。 Reading comprehension Answer the questions. 1. Is it rare or common to see a four-leaf clover? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. What does the underlined word "sport"in paragraph 2 mean? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. What determines whether a clover plant will grow four leaflets? _____________________________________________________________________ 4. What do genes control in plants like clovers? _____________________________________________________________________ 5. What kind of environmental conditions do four-leaf clovers prefer? _____________________________________________________________________ 6. What is an efficient method to find a four-leaf clover? _____________________________________________________________________ 7. What's your method for finding a four-leaf clover? _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：It is rare to see a four-leaf clover. 解析：定位原文第二段“Only about one in every 5,000 clover leaves has four leaflets.”和第四段“This makes them rare.”，明确说明四叶草的出现概率极低，因此是稀有的。 2. 答案：It means "to have". 解析：结合上下文“These plants usually sport three leaflets”，此处sport 为动词，并非“运动”，而是口语化用法，意为“拥有；带有”，指三叶草通常长有三个小叶片。 3. 答案：Genes and the environment. 解析：定位原文第三段“A clover must have a special set of genes to grow four leaflets.”和第四段“The environment also affects how many leaflets a clover has.”及“So, four-leaf clovers need just the right genes and environment in order to grow.”，总结可知，基因和环境共同决定三叶草能否长出四片叶子。 4. 答案：They control the number of leaflets a plant has. 解析：定位原文第三段“In clovers, genes decide things like the number of leaflets the plant has.”，decide 与题干中的control 同义，直接提取答案即可。 5. 答案：They prefer warm temperatures. 解析：定位原文第四段“For example, four-leaf clovers grow better in warm temperatures than in cold ones.”，说明四叶草在温暖的环境中生长状况更好，因此更偏爱温暖的温度。 6. 答案：Scanning a bunch of clovers with your eyes for square shapes among the triangular ones. 解析：定位原文第五段“Instead, when you come across a bunch of clovers, scan them with your eyes. Three-leaf clovers have a triangular shape, and four-leaf clovers look like squares.”，总结高效方法为：用眼快速扫过三叶草丛，在三角形的三叶草中寻找方形的四叶草。 7. 答案：I will first find a dense clover patch, then scan it quickly with my eyes and look for square shapes among the triangular three-leaf clovers. (Any reasonable answers are acceptable.) 解析：开放性问题，核心是“寻找四叶草的方法”，可结合原文的“视觉扫描法”，也可提出自己的做法，如“先找茂密的三叶草丛，再逐片翻看”等，言之有理即可。 Translation Read the sentences below and translate them into Chinese. Pay attention to the expressions in bold. 1. These are super tiny parts of cells that determine the features of plants and animals, including humans. 2. For example, four-leaf clovers grow better in warm temperatures than in cold ones. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：基因是细胞中极其微小的部分，它们决定了植物、动物乃至人类的各种特征。 解析：①These 指代前文的“genes”，翻译时需明确译出“基因”，避免指代不明； ②super tiny：译为“极其微小的”，比“超级小的”更正式，符合说明文的语言风格； ③that determine the features...：定语从句，译为“它们决定了……的各种特征”，将从句转换为独立分句，使中文语句更通顺； ④including humans：译为“乃至人类”，用“乃至”体现递进关系，比“包括人类”更有逻辑感。 2. 答案：例如，四叶草在温暖的气温环境下比在寒冷的环境中生长得更好。 解析：①for example：译为“例如”，用于举例说明，符合原文逻辑； ②in warm temperatures than in cold ones：为避免重复，“ones”指代前文的“temperatures”，翻译时补充“环境中”，使语义完整； ③grow better：译为“生长得更好”，准确体现比较级的含义，贴合四叶草的生长习性描述。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $