第2讲 外刊阅读之人与社会（寒假预习讲义）八年级英语新教材沪教版五四制

专题02 外刊阅读之人与社会 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心，有的放矢 重点速记：查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：综合提升，全面突破 Passage 01 外刊精讲 Should people ditch smartphones? Smartphones are mobile phones that have lots of the same features as a personal computer. ①Not only can you use them to make calls and to text, but also to email and use the internet, apps and social media. Smartphones have become an important part of everyday life for many people. However, they also have negative effects, like disturbing sleep, and so rising numbers of people are giving them up. What do you think? Should people give up their smartphones? YES—they can cause health problems ②Smartphones offer so many ways to communicate that people are having less face-to-face interaction. This can stop friendships developing and lead to isolation (孤立) and loneliness. What's more, all the available functions and activities on phones can lead to fewer real-life experiences, like doing hobbies, reading books, spending time outdoors and playing sports. Being less active makes you less fit and can affect your health. And the bright screen can lead to eye problems, bad sleep and tiredness. Finally, some people become anxious if they are separated from their phone and can't check their messages or social media. Having a smartphone means that you are always connected—there's no escape. NO—smartphones are useful and fun Smartphones allow you to keep in touch with people, in different ways, wherever you are. They are really good for video-calling faraway friends and family. As smartphones have sat nav (卫星导航), you can get directions on them. And children can have more independence as their parents can find them(and in an emergency, they allow rescue services to locate people). Having internet access(入口) on your phone allows you to get news and information and is really helpful for homework. Smartphones are great entertainment on long journeys. You can listen to music, stream(实时播放) movies, watch silly videos, play games and use apps and social media. They are fun to use with friends, taking photos and making videos. 一、核心词汇精讲 1. ditch /dɪtʃ/ v. 抛弃；放弃；n. 沟渠 词转：ditcher n. 挖沟者；抛弃者 搭配：ditch sth./sb. 抛弃某物/某人；ditch the plan 放弃计划 近义词：abandon 放弃；discard 丢弃 反义词：keep 保留；hold 持有 例句：Some people choose to ditch their phones on weekends to relax. 翻译练习： 他决定放弃这个不切实际的想法。 _____________________________________________________________________ He decided to ditch this unrealistic idea. 2. feature /ˈfiːtʃə(r)/ n. 特性；功能；特征；v. 以……为特色 词转：featured adj. 特色的；主演的；featureless adj. 无特色的 搭配：have the feature of 具有……的特性；a key feature 主要功能；feature sb./sth. 以某人/某物为特色 近义词：characteristic 特征；function 功能 反义词：flaw 缺陷 例句：This new phone has a special feature of face recognition. 翻译练习： 这部电影以精彩的特效为特色。 _____________________________________________________________________ This movie features amazing special effects. 3. negative /ˈneɡətɪv/ adj. 负面的；消极的；否定的；n. 否定；负数 词转：negatively adv. 消极地；negativity n. 消极性 搭配：negative effects 负面影响；negative attitude 消极态度；a negative answer 否定的回答 近义词：harmful 有害的；passive 消极的 反义词：positive 积极的；positive 正面的 例句：Staying up late has a negative effect on your health. 翻译练习： 我们应该避免对生活抱有消极的态度。 _____________________________________________________________________ We should avoid having a negative attitude towards life. 4. disturb /dɪˈstɜːb/ v. 打扰；妨碍；扰乱 词转：disturbance n. 打扰；骚乱；disturbed adj. 心烦的；不安的 搭配：disturb sb.’s sleep 打扰某人的睡眠；disturb the peace 扰乱治安；don’t disturb 请勿打扰 近义词：bother 打扰；interrupt 打断 反义词：calm 使平静；quiet 使安静 例句：Loud music may disturb the neighbors at night. 翻译练习： 请不要打扰他，他正在认真工作。 _____________________________________________________________________ Please don’t disturb him; he is working carefully. 5. interaction /ˌɪntərˈækʃn/ n. 交流；互动 词转：interact v. 交流；互动；interactive adj. 互动的 搭配：face-to-face interaction 面对面交流；social interaction 社交互动；interaction between sb. and sb. 某人之间的互动 近义词：communication 交流；conversation 交谈 反义词：isolation 孤立 例句：Online games can promote interaction between players. 翻译练习： 父母应该多和孩子进行情感互动。 _____________________________________________________________________ Parents should have more emotional interaction with their children. 6. isolation /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃn/ n. 孤立；隔离；孤独 词转：isolate v. 孤立；隔离；isolated adj. 孤立的；偏远的 搭配：lead to isolation 导致孤立；in isolation 孤立地；social isolation 社交孤立 近义词：loneliness 孤独；seclusion 隐居 反义词：connection 联系；companionship 陪伴 例句：Living alone for a long time may lead to isolation and loneliness. 翻译练习： 他的性格让他陷入了社交孤立。 _____________________________________________________________________ His personality made him fall into social isolation. 7. independent /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ adj. 独立的；自主的 词转：independence n. 独立；自主性；depend v. 依靠；依赖 搭配：be independent of 独立于……；an independent child 独立的孩子；gain independence 获得独立 近义词：self-reliant 自力更生的；autonomous 自主的 反义词：dependent 依赖的；reliable 依赖的 例句：Teenagers should learn to be independent and take care of themselves. 翻译练习： 她毕业后变得经济独立了。 _____________________________________________________________________ She became financially independent after graduation. 8. emergency /ɪˈmɜːdʒənsi/ n. 紧急情况；突发事件；adj. 紧急的 词转：emergent adj. 紧急的；突发的；emergency v. 紧急处理 搭配：in an emergency 在紧急情况下；emergency services 急救服务；an emergency exit 紧急出口 近义词：crisis 危机；urgency 紧急 反义词：normality 常态；routine 日常 例句：You should call 120 in a medical emergency. 翻译练习： 这个手机有紧急呼叫的功能。 _____________________________________________________________________ This phone has a function for emergency calls. 9. access /ˈækses/ n. 通道；使用权；v. 获取；进入 词转：accessible adj. 可进入的；易获取的；inaccessible adj. 难以获取的 搭配：have access to 有使用/获取……的权利；access to the internet 上网权限；access information 获取信息 近义词：entry 进入；permission 许可 反义词：restriction 限制；barrier 障碍 例句：Students have free access to the school library. 翻译练习： 在这个小村庄，人们很难获取干净的水。 _____________________________________________________________________ People in this small village have difficulty accessing clean water. 10. entertainment /ˌentəˈteɪnmənt/ n. 娱乐；消遣 词转：entertain v. 娱乐；招待；entertaining adj. 有趣的；娱乐性的 搭配：entertainment center 娱乐中心；forms of entertainment 娱乐形式；provide entertainment 提供娱乐 近义词：amusement 娱乐；recreation 消遣 反义词：boredom 无聊；tiredness 疲惫 例句：Watching movies is one of my favorite forms of entertainment. 翻译练习： 这个公园为孩子们提供了很多娱乐设施。 _____________________________________________________________________ This park provides many entertainment facilities for children. 二、重点短语句型 1. not only ... but also ... 不仅……还…… 用法：连接并列的单词、短语或句子；连接句子时，not only 置于句首，所在分句需用部分倒装（助动词/情态动词提前）。 课文原句：Not only can you use them to make calls and to text, but also to email and use the internet, apps and social media. 拓展：Not only does he study hard, but also he is helpful to others.（连接句子，部分倒装）；She not only sings well, but also dances beautifully.（连接短语） 翻译练习： 智能手机不仅能让我们联系他人，还能帮助我们学习。 _____________________________________________________________________ Smartphones can not only allow us to keep in touch with others, but also help us study. 2. lead to 导致；引发 用法：后接名词/代词/动名词，表“造成某种结果或后果”，主语多为表示原因的事物。 课文原句：This can stop friendships developing and lead to isolation and loneliness. 拓展：Eating too much junk food can lead to weight gain.；Lack of sleep leads to poor concentration in class. 翻译练习： 长时间看手机会导致视力问题。 _____________________________________________________________________ Looking at phones for a long time can lead to eye problems. 3. keep in touch with 与……保持联系 用法：后接人/地点，表“与某人保持联络，或与某地保持联系”；同义短语：stay in touch with。 课文原句：Smartphones allow you to keep in touch with people, in different ways, wherever you are. 拓展：We can keep in touch with our friends by WeChat even if we are far away.；She still keeps in touch with her hometown after moving to the city. 翻译练习： 即使出国了，他也和家人保持着密切的联系。 _____________________________________________________________________ Even if he went abroad, he still kept in close touch with his family. 4. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 用法：被动形式为sb. be allowed to do sth.（某人被允许做某事）；反义词组：forbid sb. to do sth.（禁止某人做某事）。 课文原句：And children can have more independence as their parents can find them (and in an emergency, they allow rescue services to locate people). 拓展：My parents allow me to watch TV for an hour every day.；Students are not allowed to use phones in class. 翻译练习： 老师允许我们在课后使用图书馆的电脑。 _____________________________________________________________________ The teacher allows us to use the library’s computers after class. 5. separate from 与……分离；分开 用法：可作动词短语（separate sb./sth. from sb./sth.）或形容词短语（be separate from），表“将两者隔离开，或处于分离状态”。 课文拓展（同类用法）：Some people become anxious if they are separated from their phone. 拓展：The river separates the village from the town.；She doesn’t want to be separated from her family. 翻译练习： 不要把孩子和父母分开太久。 _____________________________________________________________________ Don’t separate children from their parents for too long. 三、核心语法聚焦 1. 结果状语从句（so ... that ... 引导） 用法：so + 形容词/副词 + that 从句，表示“如此……以至于……”，引导的从句表结果；若修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，需用such ... that ...（such + 形容词 + 名词 + that 从句）。 课文原句：Smartphones offer so many ways to communicate that people are having less face-to-face interaction. 解析：本句中“so”修饰形容词“many”（后接可数名词复数“ways”），表示“如此多的沟通方式”，“that”引导结果状语从句，说明“沟通方式多”带来的结果——“人们面对面交流变少”。 拓展：区分so/such：① She is so kind that everyone likes her.（so+形容词）；② It is such a beautiful day that we decide to go for a picnic.（such+形容词+可数名词单数） 翻译练习： 他跑得如此快，以至于我们都追不上他。 _____________________________________________________________________ He ran so quickly that none of us could catch up with him. 2. 条件状语从句（if引导） 用法：if引导的条件状语从句，表“假设的条件”，遵循“主将从现” 原则（主句用一般将来时/情态动词，从句用一般现在时）；若表示与事实不符的假设，用虚拟语气。 课文原句：Finally, some people become anxious if they are separated from their phone and can't check their messages or social media. 解析：本句中从句用一般现在时（are separated, can’t check），主句用一般现在时（become），表示客观事实（“与手机分离”时“感到焦虑”是普遍现象），无需用“主将从现”。 翻译练习： 如果你经常使用记忆技巧，你的记忆力将会变得更好。 _____________________________________________________________________ If you use memory tricks often, your memory will become better. 3. 非谓语动词（动名词作主语） 用法：动名词（动词-ing形式）作主语，表“抽象的、习惯性的动作”，谓语动词用单数形式；可转换为“it作形式主语”（It + be + 形容词/名词 + to do/doing sth.）。 课文拓展（同类用法）：Being less active makes you less fit and can affect your health. 解析：本句中“Being less active”是动名词短语作主语，表“缺乏运动”这一抽象行为，谓语动词“makes”用单数形式；后一分句“can affect”的主语与前一分句一致，均为“Being less active”。 翻译练习： 长时间玩手机会影响你的学习。（用动名词作主语） _____________________________________________________________________ Playing phones for a long time affects your study. 四、课文复述口语模板 基础版 This passage discusses whether people should ditch smartphones. Smartphones are mobile phones with many features of a personal computer. They are very popular, but they also have negative effects. On one hand, smartphones have many disadvantages. They lead to less face-to-face interaction and make people feel lonely. They also reduce real-life experiences and affect people’s health. Some people even feel anxious without their phones. On the other hand, smartphones are very useful. They allow us to keep in touch with people anywhere. With sat nav, they can help us get directions and even help rescue services locate people in an emergency. We can also access news and information on them, and they provide great entertainment. So, it’s up to us to decide whether to ditch them or not. 提升版 The passage is a discussion about whether people should give up their smartphones. First, it introduces what smartphones are—they are mobile phones with many features similar to personal computers, and they have become an important part of people’s daily life. But they also have negative effects, so more and more people are thinking about ditching them. Then, the passage lists the disadvantages of smartphones. First, they offer too many communication ways, which makes people have less face-to-face interaction and even leads to isolation and loneliness. Second, people spend too much time on phones, so they have fewer real-life experiences like doing hobbies or playing sports, which affects their health and causes eye problems and bad sleep. Third, some people feel anxious when they are away from their phones because they are always connected and have no escape. However, smartphones also have many advantages. They let us keep in touch with others in different ways no matter where we are, especially for video-calling faraway friends and family. They have sat nav to give directions, and they can help parents find their children and rescue services locate people in an emergency. Besides, we can get news and information on phones, which is helpful for homework. They are also a great source of entertainment on long journeys—we can listen to music, watch movies, play games and take photos with them. 外刊精练 Vocabulary I. Translate the following expressions from English to Chinese. 1. have lots of the same features as a personal computer 2. negative effects 3. lead to isolation and loneliness 4. real-life experiences 5. keep in touch with 6. have more independence 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：有很多与个人电脑相同的特性 解析：核心短语“the same ... as ...”表示“与……相同的……”；“feature”意为“特性；功能”，为可数名词，“lots of”后接复数形式；“personal computer”固定译为“个人电脑”，整合后符合中文语序。 2. 答案：负面影响 解析：“negative”为形容词，意为“消极的；负面的”，修饰名词“effects”（影响，可数名词复数）；为固定搭配，与“positive effects（积极影响）”互为反义。 3. 答案：导致孤立和孤独 解析：“lead to”为固定短语，意为“导致；引发”，后接名词/代词作宾语；“isolation”（孤立，不可数名词）和“loneliness”（孤独，不可数名词）为并列宾语，用“和”连接，贴合中文表达。 4. 答案：真实的生活体验 解析：“real-life”为复合形容词，意为“真实的；现实生活中的”，作定语修饰名词“experiences”（体验，可数名词复数）；区别于“virtual experiences（虚拟体验）”，贴合文中“手机减少现实体验”的语境。 5. 答案：与……保持联系 解析：固定短语，“keep in touch with”后接人或地点，表“与某人保持联络，或与某地保持联系”；同义短语为“stay in touch with”，是文中手机核心功能的表达。 6. 答案：拥有更多的独立性 解析：“have”意为“拥有；具备”，“more”（更多的）修饰不可数名词“independence”（独立性）；“independence”常与“gain/achieve”搭配，文中指孩子因手机被父母定位，从而获得更多自主空间。 II. Complete each sentence with the proper form of the given words. active allow available connect disturb locate offer popular 1. I was feeling alive and ________ to nature. 2. Pizza is more ________ among younger adults. 3. She couldn't ________ her favorite book on the crowded bookshelf. 4. Do you have any double rooms ________ this weekend? 5. Please go on with what you' re doing and don't let us ________ you. 6. Before our modern age, people had a more physical and ________ lifestyle. 7."I will not ________ that kind of behavior in my class,"the teacher said severely. 8. It doesn't have much to ________ as a town—its shops are fairly poor and there's only one cinema. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：connected 解析：空格前是并列连词“and”，连接“alive”和空格处，需用形容词；“connect”（v. 连接）的形容词形式为“connected”，“be connected to nature”表示“与自然相连”，符合句意。 2. 答案：popular 解析：空格前是“more”，结合句意可知用形容词比较级；“popular”（adj. 受欢迎的）为多音节词，比较级为“more popular”，“be popular among sb.”表示“在某人中受欢迎”，固定搭配。 3. 答案：locate 解析：空格前是“couldn't”，后接动词原形；“locate”（v. 找到；定位）意为“在某处找到某物”，“locate her favorite book”表示“找到她最喜欢的书”，符合语境。 4. 答案：available 解析：空格前是名词“double rooms”，需用形容词作后置定语；“available”（adj. 可获得的；有空的）表示“本周末可用的双人房”，符合句意。 5. 答案：disturb 解析：空格前是“let us”，需用动词原形（let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事）；“disturb”（v. 打扰；妨碍）表示“不要让我们打扰你”，符合语境。 6. 答案：active 解析：空格前是并列形容词“physical”，需用形容词与之并列，修饰名词“lifestyle”；“active”（adj. 积极的；活跃的）表示“更身体力行、更积极的生活方式”，与现代“久坐式生活”形成对比。 7. 答案：allow 解析：空格前是“will not”，后接动词原形；“allow”（v. 允许；准许）表示“不允许在课堂上有这种行为”，“allow sth. in sp.”为固定搭配。 8. 答案：offer 解析：空格前是“to”，此处为不定式结构，后接动词原形；“offer”（v. 提供；给予）表示“这个小镇没什么可提供的”，符合“商店少、影院只有一个”的语境。 Reading comprehension Answer the questions. 1. Why are smartphones popular among people? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. What can the smartphones with a sat nav do during an emergency? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Try to use your own words to complete the table below. Yes—Three reasons why people should ditch smartphones No—Three reasons why people should not ditch smartphones ●They stop you from (1)______________ in the real world, for example doing hobbies, going outside and seeing your friends. ●They can cause (2)______________ as you may become less active. Using them at night can affect your eyesight and sleep patterns. ●Being connected all the time stops you (3)______________. Some people check their phone non-stop and get (4)______________ if no one is messaging them. ●They allow you to (5)______________ quickly and easily. They' re great for keeping in touch with friends and family. ●You can access (6)______________ instantly, as well as use (7)______________ to find your way around. ●They are so much fun. Music, movies, games, camera, apps, social media—a smartphone is a total (8)____________ center at your fingertips. 4. What's your opinion? Should students give up their smartphones? Please give your reasons. _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：Because smartphones can do a lot of things besides making calls and texting. 解析：定位文章第一段“Not only can you use them to make calls and to text, but also to email and use the internet, apps and social media.”，核心是“手机除了基础的打电话、发短信，还能做很多事”，用“do a lot of things besides...”概括，符合问题要求。 2. 答案：They can allow rescue services to locate people. 解析：根据文章第三段“and in an emergency, they allow rescue services to locate people”，直接提取关键信息，注意主语从“they”转换为“Smartphones with a sat nav”，保持句意完整。 3. 答案：(1) having real-life experiences / enjoying real-life activities (2) health problems / physical problems (3) escaping / having time to relax (4) anxious (5) communicate with others (6) news and information (7) the sat nav (8) entertainment 解析： (1) 定位第二段“lead to fewer real-life experiences, like doing hobbies, reading books, spending time outdoors and playing sports”，核心是“失去真实生活体验/享受现实活动”，用动名词形式符合“stop sb. from doing sth.”结构。 (2) 定位第二段“Being less active makes you less fit and can affect your health. And the bright screen can lead to eye problems...”，整合为“健康问题”，符合“cause”后接名词的要求。 (3) 定位第二段“there's no escape”，结合“stop sb. from doing sth.”结构，填“escaping”；也可根据“一直在线无法放松”填“relaxing”。 (4) 定位第二段“some people become anxious if they are separated from their phone”，直接提取形容词“anxious”，表示“变得焦虑”。 (5) 定位第三段“Smartphones allow you to keep in touch with people, in different ways”，“keep in touch with people”同义转换为“communicate with others”，符合语境。 (6) 定位第三段“Having internet access on your phone allows you to get news and information”，直接提取“news and information”，表示“获取新闻和信息”。 (7) 定位第三段“As smartphones have sat nav, you can get directions on them”，直接提取“the sat nav”，注意加定冠词表特指。 (8) 定位第三段“Smartphones are great entertainment on long journeys.”及后续娱乐功能，填“entertainment”，“entertainment center”表示“娱乐中心”，贴合句意。 4. 答案：I don’t think students should give up their smartphones entirely. But we do need to limit the time we use them. In this way, we can study more effectively without being influenced by the negative effects of smartphones. (Any reasonable answers are acceptable.) 解析：开放性问题，核心是“学生是否应该放弃手机”，需结合文章“手机有优缺点”的观点，从“不完全放弃，合理使用”的角度作答，理由可包括“利用手机查资料、联系家人，同时限制娱乐时间，避免影响学习和健康”等，言之有理即可。 Translation Read the sentences below and translate them into Chinese. Pay attention to the expressions in bold. 1. Not only can you use them to make calls and to text, but also to email and use the Internet, apps and social media. 2. Smartphones offer so many ways to communicate that people are having less face-to-face interaction. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：你不仅可以用它们打电话、发短信，还可以发邮件、上网、使用应用程序和社交媒体。 解析：① 本句为部分倒装句，“Not only”置于句首，助动词“can”提前，正常语序为“You can use them not only to make calls and to text, but also to email and use the internet, apps and social media.”；② “not only ... but also ...”译为“不仅……还……”，连接并列的不定式短语，表递进；③ 省略重复的“to”，将“make calls and to text”译为“打电话、发短信”，“use the internet, apps and social media”译为“上网、使用应用程序和社交媒体”，符合中文简洁的表达习惯。 2. 答案：智能手机提供了如此多的沟通方式，以至于人们面对面的交流都变少了。解析：① 本句为so ... that ... 结果状语从句，“so many ways to communicate”译为“如此多的沟通方式”，“so”修饰可数名词复数“ways”；② 从句“people are having less face-to-face interaction”中，“face-to-face”为复合形容词，修饰“interaction”（交流，不可数名词），“less”表示“更少的”，译为“人们面对面的交流都变少了”，体现结果；③ 补充“了”和“都”，使中文语句更通顺，贴合语境。 综合提升练 Hollywood's hottest monkey Crystal the Monkey is one of the biggest animal stars in Hollywood. She has worked with some of the best directors and actors, stolen scenes from top comedians, and walked the red carpet at the Oscars. Her acting career began when she was a baby. In 1996, Birds and Animals Unlimited, a company which provides animals to Hollywood, sent its trainer to buy a capuchin monkey(卷尾猴) in Florida. The trainer bought a two-and-a-half-year-old monkey who was just losing her baby teeth. He named her after the famous country music singer Crystal Gayle. In her first movie role, the 1997 film, George of the Jungle, Crystal stole audiences’ hearts when she played sweet and sassy “Little Monkey.” Then, in Night at the Museum, she was naughty Dexter who made museum guard Ben Stiller's life difficult. Since then, she has appeared in more than 31 movies and television shows. Directors love Crystal's fun personality and how well she performs her own stunts(特技表演). ①Magazine writers can't say enough good things about her. "It was like she was born to perform," says one. Crystal is "the most powerful pet in Hollywood," says another. And her paycheck? In her role as Dr. Rizzo on Animal Practice (2012-2013), Crystal received $12,000 for each episode, more than many human actors receive. In five of her movies, she holds a box office gross of more than $2.5 billion. Those are no small bananas! Megan Talbert, executive director(执行董事) of Boston-based service monkey training academy Helping Hands, wants people to realize that owning a monkey like Crystal as a pet is not easy. "In the U.S., many monkeys purchased as pets do not get the care and attention they deserve throughout their 30-to-40-year lifespan," she says. "②What many people do not realize is that Crystal lives with her handler and trainer Tom Gunderson and his family. Both Tom and his wife are professional animal trainers who have looked after Crystal since she was two years old." Vocabulary I. Translate the following expressions from English to Chinese. 1. steal scenes from top comedians 2. walk the red carpet 3. name sb. after ... 4. sweet and sassy 5.hold a box office gross of ... 6. look after 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：从顶级喜剧演员那里抢戏 解析：“steal scenes from sb.”是影视行业常用表达，“steal”此处为抽象用法，表“抢风头、盖过他人风采”，并非字面“偷窃”；“top comedians”译为“顶级喜剧演员”，贴合好莱坞语境。 2. 答案：走红毯 解析：固定搭配，“walk the red carpet”特指出席颁奖典礼、首映礼等重要场合时走红地毯，是明星出席活动的标志性表达，文中指Crystal作为动物明星出席奥斯卡盛典。 3. 答案：以（某人或某物的名字）为某人取名 解析：“name sb. after ...”为固定句型，“after”表“以……命名”；后可接人、物或地名，文中指训练师以乡村音乐歌手的名字为猴子取名Crystal。 4. 答案：甜美活泼的 解析：“sweet”意为“甜美的、可爱的”，“sassy”为口语化形容词，意为“活泼的、机灵的、有点小调皮的”，二者并列修饰人或动物，贴合文中“Little Monkey”的角色特点。 5. 答案：票房总收入超过…… 解析：“hold”此处为及物动词，表“拥有、取得（某一数值）”；“box office gross”为固定短语，译为“票房总收入”；“of”后接具体金额，表“达到……的票房总额”。 6. 答案：照顾；照料 解析：基础短语，“look after”后接人或物，表“对某人/某物进行照料、看护”，与“take care of”同义；文中指训练师夫妇从Crystal两岁起就照料她。 II. Complete each sentence with the proper form of the given words. appear deserve perform provide purchase realize 1. The magician made a rabbit ___________ out of an empty hat. 2. The students ___________ a rest after completing the challenging exam. 3. Sarah suddenly ___________ that she had left her phone at the restaurant. 4. The actor's powerful ___________ in the movie brought the character to life 5.Online shoppers often compare prices before making a(n) ___________ to ensure they get the best deal. 6.The teacher ___________ additional materials for the students to improve their understanding of the topic. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：appear 解析：空格前是“make a rabbit”，考查固定结构make sb./sth. do sth.（使某人/某物做某事），后接动词原形；“appear”意为“出现”，“make a rabbit appear”表示“让一只兔子出现”，符合魔术师表演的语境。 2. 答案：deserved 解析：本句缺谓语动词，结合“after completing the challenging exam”（完成高难度考试后）的语境，动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时；“deserve”意为“应得；值得”，过去式为“deserved”，表示“学生们值得休息”。 3. 答案：realized 解析：空格前是“Sarah suddenly”，后接宾语从句，动作“发现手机落在餐厅”发生在过去，需用一般过去时；“realize”意为“意识到；发觉”，过去式为“realized”，符合句意。 4. 答案：performance 解析：空格前是形容词“powerful”，后接名词；“perform”（v. 表演；表现）的名词形式为“performance”，意为“表演；演出”，“the actor's powerful performance”表示“演员富有感染力的表演”。 5. 答案：purchase 解析：空格前是“make a(n)”，后接可数名词单数；“purchase”（v. 购买）的名词形式为“purchase”，“make a purchase”表示“购物；进行采购”，是固定搭配，符合网购比价的语境。 6. 答案：provided 解析：本句缺谓语动词，结合句意可知，“老师提供补充材料”是过去发生的动作，需用一般过去时；“provide”意为“提供”，过去式为“provided”，“provide sth. for sb.”表示“为某人提供某物”，固定搭配。 Reading comprehension Choose the best answer. 1. Crystal the Monkey got her name from ___________. A. her first movie role B. a famous country music singer C. a director she had worked with D. the museum guard in Night at the Museum 2. The underlined phrase "stole audiences' hearts" in paragraph 3 most probably means “___________.” A. to disappoint the audience B. to gain the love of the audience C. to make the audience lose their minds D. to leave the audience with a bad impression 3. Which of the following statements is NOT true about Crystal? A. Crystal has a strong reputation in Hollywood. B. Magazine writers speak highly of Crystal in their articles. C. Crystal ls not only liked for her acting skills, but also for her enjoyable character. D. Despite her popularity, Crystal's salary is lower than that of many human actors. 4. What does Megan Talbert want people to realize about owning a monkey like Crystal as a pet? A. It's easy and fun. B. Monkeys are man's best friend. C.Owners can earn a lot of money. D. It requires proper care and attention. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：B 解析：定位文章第二段“He named her after the famous country music singer Crystal Gayle.”，明确说明Crystal的名字来源于著名乡村音乐歌手，A（首个电影角色）、C（合作的导演）、D（《博物馆奇妙夜》里的博物馆保安）均与原文不符，故选B。 2. 答案：B 解析：“stole audiences' hearts”为习语，结合后文“she played sweet and sassy ‘Little Monkey’”（她饰演甜美活泼的“小猴子”）的语境，可推断其含义为“赢得观众的喜爱”。A（让观众失望）、C（让观众失去理智）、D（给观众留下坏印象）均与文意相反，故选B。 3. 答案：D 解析：逐一核对选项：A：根据第一段“one of the biggest animal stars in Hollywood”可知，Crystal在好莱坞名声赫赫，表述正确；B：根据第四段“Magazine writers can't say enough good things about her.”可知，杂志作家对她赞不绝口，表述正确；C：根据第四段“Directors love Crystal's fun personality and how well she performs her own stunts.”可知，导演既喜欢她有趣的性格，也欣赏她的表演技巧，表述正确；D：根据第五段“Crystal received $12,000 for each episode, more than many human actors receive.”可知，Crystal的片酬高于许多人类演员，而非“更低”，表述错误。故选D。 4. 答案：D 解析：定位文章最后一段Megan Talbert的话：“many monkeys purchased as pets do not get the care and attention they deserve”以及“Crystal lives with her handler and trainer... Both Tom and his wife are professional animal trainers”，核心是想让人们意识到，养像Crystal这样的猴子作为宠物，需要恰当的照顾和关注，且需要专业人士照料。A（简单又有趣）、B（猴子是人类最好的朋友）、C（主人能赚很多钱）均与原文不符，故选D。 Translation Read the sentences below and translate them into Chinese. Pay attention to the expressions in bold. 1. Magazine writers can't say enough good things about her. "It was like she was born to perform," says one. Crystal is "the most powerful pet in Hollywood," says another. 2. What many people do not realize is that Crystal lives with her handler and trainer Tom Gunderson and his family. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：杂志作家对她赞不绝口。“她好像天生就是演戏的料，”一位作家说。另一位作家则称，克里斯泰尔是“好莱坞最有影响力的宠物”。 解析：① “can't say enough good things about sb.”是固定表达，译为“对某人赞不绝口”，而非字面“说不出足够的好话”；② “was born to perform”译为“天生就是演戏的料”，“born to do sth.”表“天生适合做某事”，贴合语境；③ “the most powerful pet”中“powerful”结合Hollywood的语境，译为“有影响力的”比“强大的”更贴切；④ 补充“则称”，使两个作家的评价衔接更自然。 2. 答案：许多人没有意识到的是，克里斯泰尔一直和她的驯兽师汤姆·甘德森及其家人生活在一起。 解析：① 主句“What many people do not realize”是主语从句，译为“许多人没有意识到的是”，符合中文“长主语前置”的表达习惯；② 表语从句“that Crystal lives with her handler and trainer Tom Gunderson and his family”中，“handler and trainer”译为“驯兽师”（兼具饲养和训练职责），避免重复；③ 补充“一直”，体现Crystal长期与训练师一家生活的状态，使句意更完整。 Meet me at the Square Where do you go in your town or city when there is an event or occasion where everyone in the community comes together? ①Chances are good that it's a public square, a large area where people can meet, participate in outdoor events like concerts and rallies(公众集会), get together to relax or play games, or even just sit and watch people passing by. Public squares are for everyone, no matter who they are, how much money they have, or what part of the city they live in. Public squares may be small or large, but there are many squares all over the world that have become famous landmarks.②Some gained fame because something important happened there, or simply because they are places where everyone likes to gather. And over time, many of them have become places that visitors to those cities want to see. Tiananmen Square, Beijing, China Tiananmen Square is a public square in the geographical center of the city of Beijing, China. At about 440, 000 square meters, it is the largest public square in the world. To the north of the square is its most famous landmark, the Gate of Heavenly Peace(天安门). The gate separates the square from the Forbidden City(紫禁城), which is the palace complex(建筑群) at the heart of Beijing. On the western side of the square, you can find the Great Hall of the People(人民大会堂). Various meetings and ceremonies are held here. Flag ceremonies are performed at dusk and dawn every day. If you don't mind getting up early, it's a great experience. Times Square, New York City, America Times Square, in New York City, is sometimes called the Crossroads of the World. It is a destination for tourists, a center for entertainment like Broadway(百老汇) shows, and the headquarters of several broadcast media groups. Times Square isn't really a square: it's a bow-tie(蝶形领结) shape at the crossroad of Broadway, Seventh Avenue, and 42nd Street, and is five blocks long. It is known for its huge, bright neon(霓虹的) advertising signs. One of its most famous events takes place every year on New Year's Eve, when a large ball, sparkling with crystals(水晶), begins to drop down a pole on top of a nearby building at 11:59 pm. When the ball reaches the bottom, it is officially the new year. Red Square, Moscow, Russia Some famous city squares have been connected with events that are more serious than just fun and celebration. Red Square, in the heart of Moscow, Russia, dates from the 15th century. It began as a central marketplace near the Kremlin(克里姆林宫), which is now the seat of the Russian government. The square covers around 91, 000 square meters, and its most famous landmarks include the Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed(瓦西里升天教堂) and the tomb of former leader Vladimir Lenin(弗拉基米尔·列宁). Red Square has been the scene of speeches, demonstrations(游行示威) and parades showcasing the power of the Russian army. Vocabulary I. Translate the following expressions from English to Chinese. 1. participate in 3. over time 5. get up early 2. pass by 4. separate sth. from sth. 6. date from 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：参与；参加 解析：固定短语，“participate in”后接名词、代词或动名词，正式程度高于“take part in”，侧重“主动参与集体活动”，文中指参与广场上的音乐会、集会等户外活动。 2. 答案：经过；路过 解析：“pass by”为不及物动词短语，后可接地点名词（需加介词at/in），表“从某地旁边经过，未停下”，文中指坐在广场上看路人经过的场景。 3. 答案：随着时间的推移 解析：固定短语，在句中作时间状语，表“经过一段时间之后，情况逐渐发生变化”，文中指广场随时间发展成为城市知名景点。 4. 答案：把……和……分开 解析：“separate sth. from sth.”为固定搭配，“separate”为及物动词，表“将两个事物隔离开，使二者不再相连”，文中指天安门将广场和紫禁城分隔开。 5. 答案：早起 解析：“get up”为基础短语，意为“起床”，“early”为副词修饰该动作，表“起床的时间早”，文中指为看天安门升旗仪式需要早起。 6. 答案：始建于 解析：“date from”为固定短语，后接具体年份/时期，表“某物的建造、起源始于某时”，常用一般现在时，文中指红场始建于15世纪。 II. Complete each sentence with the proper form of the given words. celebration important long officially perform power 1. The boat is ten meters in ___________. 2. It's a matter of the greatest ___________ to me. 3. The country's ___________ language is Spanish. 4. He was fired from his job for poor ___________. 5. You' re a(n) ___________ man—— people will listen to you. 6. We always ___________ our wedding anniversary by going out to dinner. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：length 解析：空格前是“in”，结合“ten meters”（十米）的数量表述，需用名词；“long”（adj. 长的）的名词形式为“length”，“in length”表示“在长度上”，是固定搭配。 2. 答案：importance 解析：空格前是形容词最高级“greatest”，后接名词；“important”（adj. 重要的）的名词形式为“importance”，“a matter of the greatest importance”表示“头等重要的事”，符合句意。 3. 答案：official 解析：空格后是名词“language”，需用形容词修饰；“officially”（adv. 正式地）的形容词形式为“official”，“official language”表示“官方语言”，固定搭配。 4. 答案：performance 解析：空格前是形容词“poor”，后接名词；“perform”（v. 表演；表现）的名词形式为“performance”，“poor performance”表示“表现不佳”，符合“因表现差被解雇”的语境。 5. 答案：powerful 解析：空格后是名词“man”，需用形容词修饰；“power”（n. /v. 权力；推动）的形容词形式为“powerful”，意为“有权势的；有影响力的”，结合“people will listen to you”，符合语境。 6. 答案：celebrate 解析：本句缺谓语动词，根据“always”可知时态为一般现在时，主语“We”为复数，用动词原形；“celebration”（n. 庆祝）的动词形式为“celebrate”，“celebrate wedding anniversary”表示“庆祝结婚纪念日”，符合句意。 Reading comprehension Choose the best answer. 1. What is common among the public squares mentioned in the article? A. They are all located in Asia. B. They are all famous for their shopping centers. C. They are all places where everyone can go to visit. D. They are all the largest public squares in their countries. 2. Which of the following statements about Tiananmen Square is NOT true? A. It holds flag ceremonies every day. B. It is surrounded by other landmarks in Beijing. C. It is the biggest public square in the world. D. It is divided into two parts by the Forbidden City. 3. What separates Times Square from the other public squares mentioned? A. It is not actually a square in shape. B. It is surrounded by other landmarks in Beijing. C. It is the oldest public square in the world. D. It is located at the geographical center of the city. 4. What significant landmark is associated with Red Square in Moscow? A. The Gate of Heavenly Peace. B. The Great Hall of the People. C. The Crossroads of the World. D. The Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：C 解析：逐一分析选项：A：文中提到的天安门广场（中国，亚洲）、时代广场（美国，美洲）、红场（俄罗斯，欧洲），并非都在亚洲，表述错误；B：文中仅提红场最初是中央市场，时代广场是娱乐中心，天安门广场无购物中心相关表述，“都因购物中心闻名”不成立，表述错误；C：根据第一段“Public squares are for everyone, no matter who they are...”及三个广场的介绍，均为对公众开放的游览场所，表述正确；D：仅天安门广场是“世界最大公共广场”，时代广场和红场均无“本国最大”的表述，表述错误。故选C。 2. 答案：D 解析：核对天安门广场相关细节：A：根据第三段“Flag ceremonies are performed at dusk and dawn every day.”，每天举行升旗仪式，表述正确； B：根据第三段，广场北侧有天安门、紫禁城，西侧有人民大会堂，被诸多地标环绕，表述正确；C：根据第三段“it is the largest public square in the world.”，是世界最大公共广场，表述正确；D：根据第三段“The gate separates the square from the Forbidden City.”，是天安门将广场和紫禁城分开，而非紫禁城把广场分成两部分，表述错误。故选D。 3. 答案：A 解析：定位时代广场相关内容：根据第四段“Times Square isn't really a square: it's a bow-tie shape at the crossroad...”，时代广场的核心特点是并非真正的正方形，而是蝶形领结形状，这是与另外两个广场的关键区别。B（被北京地标环绕）、C（世界最古老广场）、D（位于城市地理中心）均与时代广场无关，故选A。 4. 答案：D 解析：定位红场相关细节：根据第五段“its most famous landmarks include the Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed and the tomb of former leader Vladimir Lenin.”，红场的著名地标包括瓦西里升天教堂。A（天安门）、B（人民大会堂）是天安门广场的地标，C（世界的十字路口）是时代广场的别称，故选D。 Translation Read the sentences below and translate them into Chinese. Pay attention to the expressions in bold. 1. Chances are good that it's a public square, a large area where people can meet, participate in outdoor events like concerts and rallies, get together to relax or play games, or even just sit and watch people passing by. 2. Some gained fame because something important happened there, or simply because they are places where everyone likes to gather. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：很有可能是一处公共广场——这是一片开阔的区域，人们可以在这里相聚，参加音乐会、集会等户外活动，聚在一起放松身心、做做游戏，甚至只是坐着看行人来来往往。 解析：① “Chances are good that...”是固定句型，译为“很有可能……”，比直译“机会很好”更符合中文表达；② 破折号后是对“public square”的解释说明，将“a large area where...”拆分为“这是一片开阔的区域，人们可以在这里……”，避免长句堆砌；③ “participate in”译为“参加”，贴合语境；“passing by”译为“来来往往”，比“经过”更生动，体现广场上人来人往的场景；④ 补充“身心”“做做”等词，使语句更通顺，符合中文的表达习惯。 2. 答案：有些广场之所以声名远扬，是因为那里曾发生过重大事件，或是仅仅因为它们是所有人都喜爱的欢聚之地。 解析：① “gained fame”译为“声名远扬”，比“获得名声”更书面、贴合地标广场的语境；② 两个“because”引导并列原因状语从句，译为“是因为……，或是仅仅因为……”，体现逻辑关系；③ “something important happened there”增译“曾”，体现事件发生在过去；④ “places where everyone likes to gather”译为“所有人都喜爱的欢聚之地”，将定语从句转换为偏正短语，简洁且符合中文语序。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 外刊阅读之人与社会 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心，有的放矢 重点速记：查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：综合提升，全面突破 Passage 01 外刊精讲 Should people ditch smartphones? Smartphones are mobile phones that have lots of the same features as a personal computer. ①Not only can you use them to make calls and to text, but also to email and use the internet, apps and social media. Smartphones have become an important part of everyday life for many people. However, they also have negative effects, like disturbing sleep, and so rising numbers of people are giving them up. What do you think? Should people give up their smartphones? YES—they can cause health problems ②Smartphones offer so many ways to communicate that people are having less face-to-face interaction. This can stop friendships developing and lead to isolation (孤立) and loneliness. What's more, all the available functions and activities on phones can lead to fewer real-life experiences, like doing hobbies, reading books, spending time outdoors and playing sports. Being less active makes you less fit and can affect your health. And the bright screen can lead to eye problems, bad sleep and tiredness. Finally, some people become anxious if they are separated from their phone and can't check their messages or social media. Having a smartphone means that you are always connected—there's no escape. NO—smartphones are useful and fun Smartphones allow you to keep in touch with people, in different ways, wherever you are. They are really good for video-calling faraway friends and family. As smartphones have sat nav (卫星导航), you can get directions on them. And children can have more independence as their parents can find them(and in an emergency, they allow rescue services to locate people). Having internet access(入口) on your phone allows you to get news and information and is really helpful for homework. Smartphones are great entertainment on long journeys. You can listen to music, stream(实时播放) movies, watch silly videos, play games and use apps and social media. They are fun to use with friends, taking photos and making videos. 一、核心词汇精讲 1. ditch /dɪtʃ/ v. 抛弃；放弃；n. 沟渠 词转：ditcher n. 挖沟者；抛弃者 搭配：ditch sth./sb. 抛弃某物/某人；ditch the plan 放弃计划 近义词：abandon 放弃；discard 丢弃 反义词：keep 保留；hold 持有 例句：Some people choose to ditch their phones on weekends to relax. 翻译练习： 他决定放弃这个不切实际的想法。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. feature /ˈfiːtʃə(r)/ n. 特性；功能；特征；v. 以……为特色 词转：featured adj. 特色的；主演的；featureless adj. 无特色的 搭配：have the feature of 具有……的特性；a key feature 主要功能；feature sb./sth. 以某人/某物为特色 近义词：characteristic 特征；function 功能 反义词：flaw 缺陷 例句：This new phone has a special feature of face recognition. 翻译练习： 这部电影以精彩的特效为特色。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. negative /ˈneɡətɪv/ adj. 负面的；消极的；否定的；n. 否定；负数 词转：negatively adv. 消极地；negativity n. 消极性 搭配：negative effects 负面影响；negative attitude 消极态度；a negative answer 否定的回答 近义词：harmful 有害的；passive 消极的 反义词：positive 积极的；positive 正面的 例句：Staying up late has a negative effect on your health. 翻译练习： 我们应该避免对生活抱有消极的态度。 _____________________________________________________________________ 4. disturb /dɪˈstɜːb/ v. 打扰；妨碍；扰乱 词转：disturbance n. 打扰；骚乱；disturbed adj. 心烦的；不安的 搭配：disturb sb.’s sleep 打扰某人的睡眠；disturb the peace 扰乱治安；don’t disturb 请勿打扰 近义词：bother 打扰；interrupt 打断 反义词：calm 使平静；quiet 使安静 例句：Loud music may disturb the neighbors at night. 翻译练习： 请不要打扰他，他正在认真工作。 _____________________________________________________________________ 5. interaction /ˌɪntərˈækʃn/ n. 交流；互动 词转：interact v. 交流；互动；interactive adj. 互动的 搭配：face-to-face interaction 面对面交流；social interaction 社交互动；interaction between sb. and sb. 某人之间的互动 近义词：communication 交流；conversation 交谈 反义词：isolation 孤立 例句：Online games can promote interaction between players. 翻译练习： 父母应该多和孩子进行情感互动。 _____________________________________________________________________ 6. isolation /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃn/ n. 孤立；隔离；孤独 词转：isolate v. 孤立；隔离；isolated adj. 孤立的；偏远的 搭配：lead to isolation 导致孤立；in isolation 孤立地；social isolation 社交孤立 近义词：loneliness 孤独；seclusion 隐居 反义词：connection 联系；companionship 陪伴 例句：Living alone for a long time may lead to isolation and loneliness. 翻译练习： 他的性格让他陷入了社交孤立。 _____________________________________________________________________ 7. independent /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ adj. 独立的；自主的 词转：independence n. 独立；自主性；depend v. 依靠；依赖 搭配：be independent of 独立于……；an independent child 独立的孩子；gain independence 获得独立 近义词：self-reliant 自力更生的；autonomous 自主的 反义词：dependent 依赖的；reliable 依赖的 例句：Teenagers should learn to be independent and take care of themselves. 翻译练习： 她毕业后变得经济独立了。 _____________________________________________________________________ 8. emergency /ɪˈmɜːdʒənsi/ n. 紧急情况；突发事件；adj. 紧急的 词转：emergent adj. 紧急的；突发的；emergency v. 紧急处理 搭配：in an emergency 在紧急情况下；emergency services 急救服务；an emergency exit 紧急出口 近义词：crisis 危机；urgency 紧急 反义词：normality 常态；routine 日常 例句：You should call 120 in a medical emergency. 翻译练习： 这个手机有紧急呼叫的功能。 _____________________________________________________________________ 9. access /ˈækses/ n. 通道；使用权；v. 获取；进入 词转：accessible adj. 可进入的；易获取的；inaccessible adj. 难以获取的 搭配：have access to 有使用/获取……的权利；access to the internet 上网权限；access information 获取信息 近义词：entry 进入；permission 许可 反义词：restriction 限制；barrier 障碍 例句：Students have free access to the school library. 翻译练习： 在这个小村庄，人们很难获取干净的水。 _____________________________________________________________________ 10. entertainment /ˌentəˈteɪnmənt/ n. 娱乐；消遣 词转：entertain v. 娱乐；招待；entertaining adj. 有趣的；娱乐性的 搭配：entertainment center 娱乐中心；forms of entertainment 娱乐形式；provide entertainment 提供娱乐 近义词：amusement 娱乐；recreation 消遣 反义词：boredom 无聊；tiredness 疲惫 例句：Watching movies is one of my favorite forms of entertainment. 翻译练习： 这个公园为孩子们提供了很多娱乐设施。 _____________________________________________________________________ 二、重点短语句型 1. not only ... but also ... 不仅……还…… 用法：连接并列的单词、短语或句子；连接句子时，not only 置于句首，所在分句需用部分倒装（助动词/情态动词提前）。 课文原句：Not only can you use them to make calls and to text, but also to email and use the internet, apps and social media. 拓展：Not only does he study hard, but also he is helpful to others.（连接句子，部分倒装）；She not only sings well, but also dances beautifully.（连接短语） 翻译练习： 智能手机不仅能让我们联系他人，还能帮助我们学习。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. lead to 导致；引发 用法：后接名词/代词/动名词，表“造成某种结果或后果”，主语多为表示原因的事物。 课文原句：This can stop friendships developing and lead to isolation and loneliness. 拓展：Eating too much junk food can lead to weight gain.；Lack of sleep leads to poor concentration in class. 翻译练习： 长时间看手机会导致视力问题。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. keep in touch with 与……保持联系 用法：后接人/地点，表“与某人保持联络，或与某地保持联系”；同义短语：stay in touch with。 课文原句：Smartphones allow you to keep in touch with people, in different ways, wherever you are. 拓展：We can keep in touch with our friends by WeChat even if we are far away.；She still keeps in touch with her hometown after moving to the city. 翻译练习： 即使出国了，他也和家人保持着密切的联系。 _____________________________________________________________________ 4. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 用法：被动形式为sb. be allowed to do sth.（某人被允许做某事）；反义词组：forbid sb. to do sth.（禁止某人做某事）。 课文原句：And children can have more independence as their parents can find them (and in an emergency, they allow rescue services to locate people). 拓展：My parents allow me to watch TV for an hour every day.；Students are not allowed to use phones in class. 翻译练习： 老师允许我们在课后使用图书馆的电脑。 _____________________________________________________________________ 5. separate from 与……分离；分开 用法：可作动词短语（separate sb./sth. from sb./sth.）或形容词短语（be separate from），表“将两者隔离开，或处于分离状态”。 课文拓展（同类用法）：Some people become anxious if they are separated from their phone. 拓展：The river separates the village from the town.；She doesn’t want to be separated from her family. 翻译练习： 不要把孩子和父母分开太久。 _____________________________________________________________________ 三、核心语法聚焦 1. 结果状语从句（so ... that ... 引导） 用法：so + 形容词/副词 + that 从句，表示“如此……以至于……”，引导的从句表结果；若修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，需用such ... that ...（such + 形容词 + 名词 + that 从句）。 课文原句：Smartphones offer so many ways to communicate that people are having less face-to-face interaction. 解析：本句中“so”修饰形容词“many”（后接可数名词复数“ways”），表示“如此多的沟通方式”，“that”引导结果状语从句，说明“沟通方式多”带来的结果——“人们面对面交流变少”。 拓展：区分so/such：① She is so kind that everyone likes her.（so+形容词）；② It is such a beautiful day that we decide to go for a picnic.（such+形容词+可数名词单数） 翻译练习： 他跑得如此快，以至于我们都追不上他。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. 条件状语从句（if引导） 用法：if引导的条件状语从句，表“假设的条件”，遵循“主将从现” 原则（主句用一般将来时/情态动词，从句用一般现在时）；若表示与事实不符的假设，用虚拟语气。 课文原句：Finally, some people become anxious if they are separated from their phone and can't check their messages or social media. 解析：本句中从句用一般现在时（are separated, can’t check），主句用一般现在时（become），表示客观事实（“与手机分离”时“感到焦虑”是普遍现象），无需用“主将从现”。 翻译练习： 如果你经常使用记忆技巧，你的记忆力将会变得更好。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. 非谓语动词（动名词作主语） 用法：动名词（动词-ing形式）作主语，表“抽象的、习惯性的动作”，谓语动词用单数形式；可转换为“it作形式主语”（It + be + 形容词/名词 + to do/doing sth.）。 课文拓展（同类用法）：Being less active makes you less fit and can affect your health. 解析：本句中“Being less active”是动名词短语作主语，表“缺乏运动”这一抽象行为，谓语动词“makes”用单数形式；后一分句“can affect”的主语与前一分句一致，均为“Being less active”。 翻译练习： 长时间玩手机会影响你的学习。（用动名词作主语） _____________________________________________________________________ 四、课文复述口语模板 外刊精练 Vocabulary I. Translate the following expressions from English to Chinese. 1. have lots of the same features as a personal computer 2. negative effects 3. lead to isolation and loneliness 4. real-life experiences 5. keep in touch with 6. have more independence II. Complete each sentence with the proper form of the given words. active allow available connect disturb locate offer popular 1. I was feeling alive and ________ to nature. 2. Pizza is more ________ among younger adults. 3. She couldn't ________ her favorite book on the crowded bookshelf. 4. Do you have any double rooms ________ this weekend? 5. Please go on with what you' re doing and don't let us ________ you. 6. Before our modern age, people had a more physical and ________ lifestyle. 7."I will not ________ that kind of behavior in my class,"the teacher said severely. 8. It doesn't have much to ________ as a town—its shops are fairly poor and there's only one cinema. Reading comprehension Answer the questions. 1. Why are smartphones popular among people? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. What can the smartphones with a sat nav do during an emergency? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Try to use your own words to complete the table below. Yes—Three reasons why people should ditch smartphones No—Three reasons why people should not ditch smartphones ●They stop you from (1)______________ in the real world, for example doing hobbies, going outside and seeing your friends. ●They can cause (2)______________ as you may become less active. Using them at night can affect your eyesight and sleep patterns. ●Being connected all the time stops you (3)______________. Some people check their phone non-stop and get (4)______________ if no one is messaging them. ●They allow you to (5)______________ quickly and easily. They' re great for keeping in touch with friends and family. ●You can access (6)______________ instantly, as well as use (7)______________ to find your way around. ●They are so much fun. Music, movies, games, camera, apps, social media—a smartphone is a total (8)____________ center at your fingertips. 4. What's your opinion? Should students give up their smartphones? Please give your reasons. _____________________________________________________________________ Translation Read the sentences below and translate them into Chinese. Pay attention to the expressions in bold. 1. Not only can you use them to make calls and to text, but also to email and use the Internet, apps and social media. 2. Smartphones offer so many ways to communicate that people are having less face-to-face interaction. 综合提升练 Hollywood's hottest monkey Crystal the Monkey is one of the biggest animal stars in Hollywood. She has worked with some of the best directors and actors, stolen scenes from top comedians, and walked the red carpet at the Oscars. Her acting career began when she was a baby. In 1996, Birds and Animals Unlimited, a company which provides animals to Hollywood, sent its trainer to buy a capuchin monkey(卷尾猴) in Florida. The trainer bought a two-and-a-half-year-old monkey who was just losing her baby teeth. He named her after the famous country music singer Crystal Gayle. In her first movie role, the 1997 film, George of the Jungle, Crystal stole audiences’ hearts when she played sweet and sassy “Little Monkey.” Then, in Night at the Museum, she was naughty Dexter who made museum guard Ben Stiller's life difficult. Since then, she has appeared in more than 31 movies and television shows. Directors love Crystal's fun personality and how well she performs her own stunts(特技表演). ①Magazine writers can't say enough good things about her. "It was like she was born to perform," says one. Crystal is "the most powerful pet in Hollywood," says another. And her paycheck? In her role as Dr. Rizzo on Animal Practice (2012-2013), Crystal received $12,000 for each episode, more than many human actors receive. In five of her movies, she holds a box office gross of more than $2.5 billion. Those are no small bananas! Megan Talbert, executive director(执行董事) of Boston-based service monkey training academy Helping Hands, wants people to realize that owning a monkey like Crystal as a pet is not easy. "In the U.S., many monkeys purchased as pets do not get the care and attention they deserve throughout their 30-to-40-year lifespan," she says. "②What many people do not realize is that Crystal lives with her handler and trainer Tom Gunderson and his family. Both Tom and his wife are professional animal trainers who have looked after Crystal since she was two years old." Vocabulary I. Translate the following expressions from English to Chinese. 1. steal scenes from top comedians 2. walk the red carpet 3. name sb. after ... 4. sweet and sassy 5.hold a box office gross of ... 6. look after II. Complete each sentence with the proper form of the given words. appear deserve perform provide purchase realize 1. The magician made a rabbit ___________ out of an empty hat. 2. The students ___________ a rest after completing the challenging exam. 3. Sarah suddenly ___________ that she had left her phone at the restaurant. 4. The actor's powerful ___________ in the movie brought the character to life 5.Online shoppers often compare prices before making a(n) ___________ to ensure they get the best deal. 6.The teacher ___________ additional materials for the students to improve their understanding of the topic. Reading comprehension Choose the best answer. 1. Crystal the Monkey got her name from ___________. A. her first movie role B. a famous country music singer C. a director she had worked with D. the museum guard in Night at the Museum 2. The underlined phrase "stole audiences' hearts" in paragraph 3 most probably means “___________.” A. to disappoint the audience B. to gain the love of the audience C. to make the audience lose their minds D. to leave the audience with a bad impression 3. Which of the following statements is NOT true about Crystal? A. Crystal has a strong reputation in Hollywood. B. Magazine writers speak highly of Crystal in their articles. C. Crystal ls not only liked for her acting skills, but also for her enjoyable character. D. Despite her popularity, Crystal's salary is lower than that of many human actors. 4. What does Megan Talbert want people to realize about owning a monkey like Crystal as a pet? A. It's easy and fun. B. Monkeys are man's best friend. C.Owners can earn a lot of money. D. It requires proper care and attention. Translation Read the sentences below and translate them into Chinese. Pay attention to the expressions in bold. 1. Magazine writers can't say enough good things about her. "It was like she was born to perform," says one. Crystal is "the most powerful pet in Hollywood," says another. 2. What many people do not realize is that Crystal lives with her handler and trainer Tom Gunderson and his family. Meet me at the Square Where do you go in your town or city when there is an event or occasion where everyone in the community comes together? ①Chances are good that it's a public square, a large area where people can meet, participate in outdoor events like concerts and rallies(公众集会), get together to relax or play games, or even just sit and watch people passing by. Public squares are for everyone, no matter who they are, how much money they have, or what part of the city they live in. Public squares may be small or large, but there are many squares all over the world that have become famous landmarks.②Some gained fame because something important happened there, or simply because they are places where everyone likes to gather. And over time, many of them have become places that visitors to those cities want to see. Tiananmen Square, Beijing, China Tiananmen Square is a public square in the geographical center of the city of Beijing, China. At about 440, 000 square meters, it is the largest public square in the world. To the north of the square is its most famous landmark, the Gate of Heavenly Peace(天安门). The gate separates the square from the Forbidden City(紫禁城), which is the palace complex(建筑群) at the heart of Beijing. On the western side of the square, you can find the Great Hall of the People(人民大会堂). Various meetings and ceremonies are held here. Flag ceremonies are performed at dusk and dawn every day. If you don't mind getting up early, it's a great experience. Times Square, New York City, America Times Square, in New York City, is sometimes called the Crossroads of the World. It is a destination for tourists, a center for entertainment like Broadway(百老汇) shows, and the headquarters of several broadcast media groups. Times Square isn't really a square: it's a bow-tie(蝶形领结) shape at the crossroad of Broadway, Seventh Avenue, and 42nd Street, and is five blocks long. It is known for its huge, bright neon(霓虹的) advertising signs. One of its most famous events takes place every year on New Year's Eve, when a large ball, sparkling with crystals(水晶), begins to drop down a pole on top of a nearby building at 11:59 pm. When the ball reaches the bottom, it is officially the new year. Red Square, Moscow, Russia Some famous city squares have been connected with events that are more serious than just fun and celebration. Red Square, in the heart of Moscow, Russia, dates from the 15th century. It began as a central marketplace near the Kremlin(克里姆林宫), which is now the seat of the Russian government. The square covers around 91, 000 square meters, and its most famous landmarks include the Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed(瓦西里升天教堂) and the tomb of former leader Vladimir Lenin(弗拉基米尔·列宁). Red Square has been the scene of speeches, demonstrations(游行示威) and parades showcasing the power of the Russian army. Vocabulary I. Translate the following expressions from English to Chinese. 1. participate in 3. over time 5. get up early 2. pass by 4. separate sth. from sth. 6. date from II. Complete each sentence with the proper form of the given words. celebration important long officially perform power 1. The boat is ten meters in ___________. 2. It's a matter of the greatest ___________ to me. 3. The country's ___________ language is Spanish. 4. He was fired from his job for poor ___________. 5. You' re a(n) ___________ man—— people will listen to you. 6. We always ___________ our wedding anniversary by going out to dinner. Reading comprehension Choose the best answer. 1. What is common among the public squares mentioned in the article? A. They are all located in Asia. B. They are all famous for their shopping centers. C. They are all places where everyone can go to visit. D. They are all the largest public squares in their countries. 2. Which of the following statements about Tiananmen Square is NOT true? A. It holds flag ceremonies every day. B. It is surrounded by other landmarks in Beijing. C. It is the biggest public square in the world. D. It is divided into two parts by the Forbidden City. 3. What separates Times Square from the other public squares mentioned? A. It is not actually a square in shape. B. It is surrounded by other landmarks in Beijing. C. It is the oldest public square in the world. D. It is located at the geographical center of the city. 4. What significant landmark is associated with Red Square in Moscow? A. The Gate of Heavenly Peace. B. The Great Hall of the People. C. The Crossroads of the World. D. The Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed. Translation Read the sentences below and translate them into Chinese. Pay attention to the expressions in bold. 1. Chances are good that it's a public square, a large area where people can meet, participate in outdoor events like concerts and rallies, get together to relax or play games, or even just sit and watch people passing by. 2. Some gained fame because something important happened there, or simply because they are places where everyone likes to gather. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $